Evening Star Newspaper, February 14, 1930, Page 3

‘ Sur~ Relief 7 4 FEEL BETTER Q‘OR INDIGESTION and 75¢ Pkgs.Sold Everywhere IDAVIS SAYS HOOVER AVERTED DISASTER Radio Forum Speaker Gives Credit to Parleys in Market Crisis. (Continued From First Page.) GREATEST Useo car s Chevrolet History SEE OURISMAN ADV., PAGEC-2 ! Just West of Conn. Ave. Lot 30x100 to 20-ft. Alley Minor Improvements Producing Fair Income L. W. Groomes 1719 Eye St. 68 But It Can’t Be Priced " as Low! Six spacious, Pliiea b d side porch, butlt-in garage, cross ventilation Large lot containing % acre. with 90-foot fromage on paved street. In Chevy Chase. west of Con- necticut Ave, just morth of Bradle: NO' public rned st_negotiating certain promissory note in the sum_of Bve " hundred doliars, n M. Faulconer. Ne for five hundred doilars and is numbered 9 of a series of 10 notes secured by deed of trust on lot 6. block L. Wood- side Park, Md. Thos. E. Jarrell and Albert S Gatley. trustees. Note was lost or de- hile in the hands of a purchaser ue. Further information will be given by the Washington Savings Bank. 715 10th st. n.w., . Grant pl.. Washington. D_C. 15 OTICE—FROM THIS DATE, FEBRUARY 14,1930, T will not be responsible for debts of any kind contracted in my name uniess authorized by me personally or over my written signature, WARREN L. PUSHAW. __1s 2401 Tiving S ,THE FIFTY-SECOND SEMI-ANNUAL DIV dend of two and one-half per cemt (312 ) has bien declared on the preferred stock of the Washington Railway & Electric Com- pany. ble June 1. 1930." All holders of certificates of sald_ preferred stock of rec- ord on February 15. 1930, bearing & stamp changing the time and manner of payment of dividends thereon from semi-annually to aucrterly, shall receive, on March 1. 1930, one-half of sai dividend of ‘semi-annual dividend. i holders of common stock of record at the §close of business on February 15. 1930, i Books for the transfer of the preferred and common stock of the said campany will be closed from the close of business on February 1. 1930, to the opening of busi- thess on February 19. 193 H. M. KEYSER. Secretary. LONG -DISTANCE MOVING — WE _ HAVE been keeping faith with the public since 1896. Ask about our country-wide service. Call National 9220. DAVIDSON TRANSFER & STORAGE CO. CHAIRS FOR RENT_SUITABLE FOR BAN- qguets, receptions, bridge parties or meet rom 0 20c per day each: new chairs. UNITED STATES STORAGE CO., 418 10th st._n.w._Metropolitan 1844. WE REQUIRE THE SERVICES OF A YOUNG man familiar with the fruit and vegetable Jobbing trade: replies strictly confidential: state experience, age and salary expected. Address Box —office. z I WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR DEBTS contracted by any one but myself. El WARD N. KRAUSE, 612 Maryland ave. = WANTED_RETURN LOADS ‘W YORK CITY. RICHMOND, VA NEW YORK CIT ‘W YORK CIT: om NEW YORK CITY. NEW Y 'o_BGSTO! Special rates for. Philadeiphia. New York and Boston. UNITED STATES STORAGE CO.. IX 418 10th St N.W. ‘Metropolitan From From rom 5. GOING? _ WHERE? Tell us when and we'll move your furni- ture and take mighty good care Of it at low cost. A telephone call will save vou time 20d trouble. NATIONAL DELIVERY ASSN.. INC__Phone National 1460. NG CARS WILL BE SOLD ‘ges at Weschier's public auction on February 15 haatine fass U-4831 (1929, lett by n: Dodge sedan, tags E-9346 (1929), left by W_B. Fost Buick sedan. tags W-4046 (1929), left by A._M. Richardson. Hudsontruck, tags Z-3703 (1929), left by < ol ARL. T 14_H ST. N.W. WANTED—] RN LOAD OF FURNITURE ;.roln New York. Philadelphia, Atlantic City, J.: Richmond. Va.. and Baltimore. Md. Smith’s Transfer & Storage Co. . 1313 U 8t North 3343. ROOF WORK Any mature promptly and capably looked after ! ool KOON :' Distriet 0933. A Printing Service —-offering _exceptional facilities for ‘s discriminating elientele. ‘The National Capital Press 1210-1312 D ST. N.W__ Phone National 0650. AUCTION SALE Oriental Rugs, Imported Linens and Oil Paintings Within Our Oriental Rug Gallery 420 10th ST. N.W. On February 17, 18, 19, 20 & 21. At 2:30 P.M. and 8:15 P.M. - Each Day. Genuine imported hand-woven Orfental and Chinese rugs. impo: an some ofl paintings. _An opportunity to buy at your own price. Be sure you atiend (his important auction sale. UNITED STATES STORAGE CO., Established 1901. | 420 10th St. NNW, Met. 1843, B. 19 B. 20| produced in 1899. If the machine ever controls us, civili- zation is gone.” agency is the employer himself, and that “if our employers really put their minds down on it, there would be no employment problem.” Secretary Davis also sald that “if we can get a tariff bill that will protect American industry, it will relieve much of this unemployment.” The American business man, he added, cannot be ex- pected to opment and proceed with them ‘“unttl he knows definitely where he will be in the matter of protection when the tariff bill is eventually passed.” Secretary Davis’ address in full was as follows: Hoover Action Praised. Nobody knows what business would be like today if it had not been for President Hoover's prompt action, Be- yond all doubt his conferences of in- dustrial and labor leaders saved us from a disaster. That was the case after every financial disturbance of the past. As it is, we have not escaped some of the effects. November and Denecmaher ! were extremely hard ewits for us. Since the fissz 5f sanuary the employ- ment situation has improved, but we have some unemployment—more than we want to see. For a man to be out of a job and un- able to find work is the most pitiful condition I can imagine. I make that statement from my own experience. I know what it is to tramp the streets | in search of work and without a penny. My own father knew what it was to be jout of funds and out of a job, and to fun up a big bill at the store that he had to pay later. 1 How many are in the same condition | today? The question is asked on every side. It is well known that no accurate figures on unemployment exist. It would take a national census to get the total of unemployed. To do that every year would cost millions of dol- lars. The task would be gigantic, and it would take too long. The Depart- ment of Labor, with a limited appropri- ation, can furnish only a guide, an es- g | timate. But that estimate is correct and rehable. Bureau Works Out Index. Since 1915 the Bureau of Labor sta- | tistics, the fact-finding branch of the Department of Labor, has got a good picture of the unemployment situation by collecting the figures every month from the principal manufacturing in- dustries throughout the country. Eight States collect their own figures and turn them over to the Federal bureau. In the other States the bureau sends out blarks to 34,000 key plants. They report the number on their pay rolls. From these figures the bureau works {out an index which serves as a ba- Tometer on unemployment from month to_month. I believe the 34,000 manufacturers and business men who furnish these figures are fair and honest. So are the employes in our Statistical Bureau. All are selected and qualified by civil service examination. We get our figures as to the railroads from the Interstate Commerce Com- mission, where they are in daily touch with the Class I roads and their 1,732~ 000 employes. The Bureau of Mines in the Department of Commerce gives us our figures on coal mining, covering 1,376 mines with their 329,590 miners. So the figures on employment put out every month by the Bureau of Labor Statistics are not a census, but they do furnish a reliable guide. From now on the national census is to cover unemployment. President Hoover has so agreed and approved. But even a census covers only a single year. Hence we must judge from the facts gathered from these 34,000 industrial plants and other sources. ! The big question is, how many are unemployed? And what are we going to do about it? More Than Financial Crisis. We have been through more than a financial crisis. For some years we have been passing through a critical stage in employment. The railroads to- day are hauling much more freight than ever, and are doing it with 250,000 fewer men. Industry is producing 15 per cent more, with nearly 1,000,000 fewer workers. Our coal mines are producing more, with fewer men. Every industry in the country has been modernized. New machinery; new efficlency methods, new consolidations have driven out manual laborers and skilled workers. White collar clerks and bookkeepers have been turned into the streets by thousands. If you want to see what consolidation and efficiency has meant to employment just look around you in your own home town. If you live in an industrial community, you will see any number of factories closed down and for rent. They have beenl consolidated with other industries or moved to other sections. Since I became Secretary of Labor, nine years ago, a complete and radical change has come over the economic structure of the country. That means the industrial life of our people. Recent studies by the Bureau of La- bor Statistics show that with modern equipment, management and efficiency, a man in a blast furnace produced more than 41 times as much in 1927 as he In steel and rolling mills a man produced 50 per cent more in 1927 than he did in 1914. In a shoe factory he produced 24 per cent more, in leather tanning, 41 per cent more; in cement, 54 per cent more; in flour ‘milling, 59 per cent more. Big Gain in Production. In the making of motor cars a man in an hour produced 2%, times as much in 1927 as in 1914, and in a tire fac- tory nearly four times as much. In a factory making sewing machine needles a girl inspecting for defec- tive needles could handle 3,000 T hour. A machine now enables her to inspect 27,000 needles an hour— nine times as many. A magnetic crane today handles more iron than could be carried and loaded by 60 men. A mechanical conveyor or a spiral chute now used for ship- loading in a certain plant enables four men to do as much as 100 did with trucks loaded and pushed by hand. I could continue indefinitely with figures of this sort, but the time allotted to me on the radio will not permit. These figures mean that unless con- sumption keeps up with industrial effi- ciency and modern equipment, fewer men will find employment. The fact that during these nine years we have reabsorbed 50 many of these displaced workers is proof of the wonderful strength of our country. We are doing all we can to handle unemployment. We have a United States Employment Service, but it has been difficult to get funds for it. How- ever, we are getting an increase of $168,000—$100,000 to be used for spe- clalized employment service for ex- service men and $55,000 for extensions of the farm labor division. The total appropriation for this em- ployment service, including this in- crease, is only $385,000. Of course it depends on appropriations by Congress from year to year. It ought to be en- couraged and extended and bills for that purpose have been introduced in Congress. Some of them should be modified in some respects, and then passed. The States, of course, should operate employment offices in connection with this Federal service. And this shouid be done outside of politics., The em- ployment problem should riwer be the foot ball of politics. We cannot antic- Mr. Davis sald the best employment ! ke plans for future devel- ! { unnaturalized—but also the 2,000,000 THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. FRIDAY, FEBRUARY .T4. 1930. cast an address last night on the emplo; PAINTS BRIGHTER FUTURE SECRETARY JAMES J. DAVIS, Photographed before the microphone in The Star radio studio, where he broad- | yment situation. ~—Star Staff Photo. ipate unemployment. When it comes appropriations mean but little. As I said in my letter to the Senate com- propriate $150,000,000 to relieve unem- ployment emergencies by immediately Atimulating Federal construction pro- grams. “The appropriation autherized to re- lieve unemJ)loymem during depressions is a_mere drop in the bucket. we had a recurrence of the conditions of 1921, with practically 6,000,000 peo- ple dropped from the pay rolls in one year. In the building trades this $150 - 000,000 would furnish but 15,000,000 days’ work, or 60 days’ work to 250,000 men, in round numbers.” Employer Best Agency. When you come down to it, the best employment agency is the employer himself. If out employers really put their minds down on it, there would be no employment problem. If we put as much thought on employment as we do on installing new machinery, there would be little or no unemployment. I believe we are coming to that. But it will take time, and unemployment must be handled now—right now. Shall we have a Federal employment certain States that will establish em- ployment agencies. It is too serious a matter to handle politically, and State agencies should not be used for political benefit, with State employment officers changed whenever a new governor is elected and a new commissioner of labor appointed. As I have said before, while new ma- chinery and methods are displacing workers, we also have an annual in- crease of a million more population. Every year 2,000,000 boys and girls come of working age. Every year 250,000 people come from the farms to the cities, seeking work. Each year nearly 300,000 immigrants knock at our doors, mostly in our cities, competing for jobs. As I was told the other day, on ac- | count of the open immigration from the Western Ziemisphere, young men | now come across our border, appear at the factory gate before they have been in the country two hours, and take jobs from men who have been in line look- ing for work and who have homes and families to maintain at the American standard of living. How long will the struggle last if that keeps up? And I wonder if we are to get the same relief from this Congress that we got from the last—namely, none at all. 13,000,000 Born in U. S. ‘We have more than 13,000,000 for- eign-born in the country. The com- plaint has come to me recently of an alien who was on the verge of securing his citizenship having his job taken away from him and given to another alien who had just come in. We must protect not only the alien who is al- ready here—about 6,000,000 of them American boys and girls coming of work age. Cut down these numbers in front of the factory gates, and the employer will look with a great deal more favor on the man past 45 years of age, and won’t be so anxious to discharge him. ‘We will have this unemployment as long as we have underconsumption. Many of our factories are producing more than we can consume. This over- development in coal, as I see it, is a glaring example of that. It is an industry run by rule of the jungle and not by the rules of good, sound busi- ness. Men are out of work. There are 200,000 more men in the industry than are needed to produce the neces- sary supply of coal. Not cnly are these men out of work, or working part time, but the owners of the mines are clos- ing down or working them intermit- tently. The towns in which the work- ers live employed in these coal mines represent a loss of investments made in them by the business men. In the towns where the miners are not work- ing today you can buy property at your own price. The buying power of the people in these towns is prac- tically nil. Even if the mines do work one or two or three days a week, the workers haven't enough money to buy the products produced by the factories to_which they shifi their coal. ‘We could take this one industry and show what can be done to stabilize em- ployment and make the business profit- able. If there are laws that stand in the way of this, I am sure Congress would amend them. job as Secretary of Labor was created to “foster, promote and develop the welfare of the wage earners of the United States, to improve their work- ing conditions and to advance their opportunities for profitable employ- ment.” Nine years ago I advocated the principle of the “saving wage.” Certain people opposed it. Now prac- tically all are in accord that our fac- tories cannot run and there will be no consuming power to keep the ma- chines moving unless the man who operates the machine receives a good wage. Must Control Machine. We cannot ‘“robotize” America, be- cause we must remember that the ma- chine does not eat or sleep. It does nothing but produce. It consumes noti- ing but a little oil. We must watch out that with our efficiency and modern management we keep control of the machine. If the machine ever con- trols us, civilization is gone. ‘The crash in the New. York. stock market affected business. We are most fortunate that when this crash did oc- cur, President Hoover was at the head mittee concerning the proposal to ap- | Suppose | service, or create Federal agencies in| of the Government. Many people were saying, “Let things go to the bottom.” | But the President wasn't built that way. Yet, even President Hoover could not avert a certain pinch in employment, In fact it had been coming on for some e. ‘The employment index compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics showed the peak of employment for the year to have been reached in September, 1929.° In October there was a decrease of about 1 per cent in the number em- ployed; in November there was a de- crease of 3.5 per cent; in December a decrease of approximately 3 per cent. | Then returns collected weekly by the bureau showed that between December 16th and December 23rd there was a further drop of 1.5 per cent, and for the week ending December 30th a still further drop of 4.7 per cent. When the tide turned, and the week of January 6th showed an increase in number on the pay roll of 3.4 per cent, the follow- ing week an increase of 3.3 per cent, and the week of January 20th an in- crease of 0.5 per cent, while the week of January 27th showed a slight in- crease of 0.3 per cent. We can thank President Hoover for calling the conference of business men and labor leaders. We can thank him for getting employers and workers to agree that there shall be no reduction in wages during this time. It is sur- prising and gratifying to me to note the number who have kept their promise with the President. The fact that only a very few violated their agreement shows that we have great Tespect for our Chief Executive. The first good ef- fect was that there has been no gen- eral change in wages, because wages though with some employers it was heresay when I began to advocate that in 1921, when I assumed office as Sec- retary of Labor. Tariff Seen as Big Aid. Representatives of labor are appear- ing before Congress and are writing letters urging Congress to pass a tariff bill. If we can get.a tariff bill that will protect American industry it will relieve much of this unemployment. We cannot expect the American busi- ness man to make plans for future de- velopment and proceed with them until he knows definitely where he will be in the matter of protection when the tariff bill is eventually passed. When this bill is passed the business man will be wise if he will see to it that after a reasonable profit to himself, the profit that remains goes into the pay envelopes of the workers. After all, the workers buy what they produce, and if there is no buying power there will be no production. It is a good thing that in our country we have some one in nearly all our families who works, even though many are working only part time. It is es pecially fortunate at times like this, We have all sorts of suggestions for the cure of unemployment, but the man who s looking for a job is concerned only with finding one for himself. Sen- ator Couzens has said that men ought to be employed on a salary for the whole year and not be at the mercy of uncertain employment. He said that in that case employers would soon see to it that employment was steady. Others offer an employment insur- ance, shorter work days and fewer days per week. What the people want is employment. And this cannot be as- sured until industry has been stabilized and until we stop trying to produce all the goods we need in a year in the first few months of the yes ‘We must " Mass. Park $13,000 Attractive, detached house, 7 room: bath, with space for additional bath, located on lot 50 by about 130 feet deep. Strictly modern. Builtin ga- rage. 1415 K St. N.w. Weather Man Sa Better take that tip and today. cold house and sickness. your bin with clean, hea Pprotection. ‘| whole year through, Act quickly on these two opportunities McKEEVER & GOSS, Inc. Ice and Snow Ahead” Records show that some of Washington’s worst blizzards come without warning in February. So, don’t put your family in danger of having a Call Franklin 8127 today and have Hessick fill 14th and Water Streets SW.,, Opposite Bureau of Engraving learn to spread production over the‘ entire year, as has already been done in some of the larger industries. This would give steady employment the | More Than Efficiency Desired. Machines and efficiency are not all | we want. We must also have some humanity in the hearts of our employ- | ers when they are putting in these new | methods and machines. Ofcials of the | employment service of the Governe ment tell me that in one section of the | country some employers are clamoring grants to coy s the border, to work for 20m:en::roflsn hour. In another section of the coun- try, where the industries are already overcrowded, and they can furnish but six months’ work a year, they are also crying for more immigrants to come | across the border, | The meaning of this is alien replac- ing allen. Aliens replacing aliens who |are now citizens. Aliens replacing the | native-born, All competing for work. Let me say that low wages and large population never made a country. If gast weridmiwchlm With her 400,000,- wou & prosperous % | India with her 300.000‘%‘(‘)0 uwuu‘;{d)ug:rya TOSperous country. Russia with her 40,000,000 and a new vould be a prosperous country. The | millions who are waiting in " foreign | lands to come to America want to come | here because it is to their economic | advantage to do so. Trust them to | spot which country is prosperous. | _Living conditions are better here. Wages are higher. If it were to their economic advantage to go to China or these other countries, there would be | no clamor at the gates of America. Looking for Better Things. We must be on the alert. We must watch ourselves with this ever-growing population. We must realize that his- ‘cory will repeat itself here, as it has done in other countries. Where there are two men for every job, the standard of living is doomed. The people lose their buying power. And when the 45,000,000 here who are gainfully em- ployed lose their purchasing power, Mr. Big Business Man is gone, Mr. Manu- facturer is gone, Mr, Merchant is gone. Dividends for the stockholder will be small if any. But we are looking for better things. The wisdom of our President and the fine co-operation from the business, labor and financial leaders of the coun- try in the recent conferences assure us that a way will be found to restore con- fidence and good times. Attention has been focused on this problem of un- employment. As one leader expressed it, “Unemployment is the last blot on our system.” Now that we are aroused to the blot, T am confident that the i’temutf of this country will rise to wipe oul We have 45,000,000 people gainfully employed in our country, 25,000,000 of whom are employed on a daily wage. ‘When we have more than 3,000,000 of our workers out of a job like we had immediately following the recent finan- cial crash, it is a shock to our country. Let us be thankful that we are getting back on our feet again. Let us hope that we are well on our way to a speedy recovery. e Tt RULES IN AIR TRAFFIC. There is no uniformity in traffic con- trol systems at airports and a pilot flying across the country may be forced to land and take off by a half dozen or more entirely different signaling systems, it was announced today by the newly created committee on standard signal systems for airports of the De- partment of Commerce. h In making the announcement, Harry H. Blee, director of aeronautic develop- ment, Department of Commerce, and chairman of the committee, declared that a solution of the problem of traffic control at airports is vital to the ad- vancement of the aviation industry. Uniformity over the country, he holds, is of great importance. 'VEN breast-fed babies should have cod-liver ail. Taking it yourself is not enough. Baby needs it as well. The pleasant way for both you and your baby to take it is Scott’s Emulsion. Agree- ably flavored. Easy to swal- low. Easy to digest. Instruc- tions on every bottle. Try it! SCOTTS EMULSION Por Mother and Child HOME BUYS Wash’n His. $10,500 Splendid 6-room semi-de. tached brick, located between Connecticut Ave. and Colum- bia Rd., this lovely home is priced at a most attractive fig- ure. Nav’l 4750 ys . « « “Lots of look your Coal bin over t producing Coal. That'’s The Bell Cab ., Inc. Takes Great Pride in Having Introduced to the City of Washington AnlInnovationin Cab Service We Thank the Public for Its ~ And Now a New Service Enthusiastic Reception Shoppi Greatly increased facilities Busil:,l::gcaanfli enable us to further serve you. $1.10 Per Hour . Any Distance 4 PASSENGERS in the Clty PrOPel' To obtain this service simply call our number— 35¢ Metropolitan 1727 No Char~ge for Extra Passengers And Say— “By the Hour” Call Us and Be Convinced of the Speed, Dignity and Efficiency of -Our Service CALL METROPOLITAN 1727 (Note Our New Telephone Number) 38 Years at 935 F Street Because you have been kind enough to wvoice admiration for our new home . . . because you have consistently honored us with your valued patronage . . . because you enabled us to build bigger to serve better . . . for these reasons we pause on the eve of our 38th birthday to record our appreciation for your priceless good will. Once n Twelve Months e e VWA . . % . 1ssue store-w:c]e recluctlons Anniversary time ... meaning the first discounts in twelve months on all the beautiful crea- tions you've admired here so often ... meaning that old friends, to- gether with a host of new ones, will come in tomorrow for their annual savings . . . for the eye~catching dia~ mond, the aristocratic silver piece or whatever it is that may have cap-~ tured their fancy during ‘many thrilling visits to this store . . . yes, tomorrow inaugurates anniversary time, celebrating the beginning of 38 years at the same address. Be on hand. ; IMPRESSIVE ISCOUNTS *Following the custom of re Standard Flatware and other stand- ard priced articles will be excluded. 88 Yearsat . . .. 935 F:Street