Evening Star Newspaper, February 9, 1930, Page 38

. Nottingham. THE SUNDAY PR 7 S i THE BVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. ‘WASHINGTON, D. C. BUNDAY. THEODORE W. NOYES. ...Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company » _ *Business Office: 11th St and Pennsyivania f se. New York Office: 110 42nd 8t ghicaro Offce: Lake Aic Topean Office: 14 Regen! England. Rate by Carrier Within the City. enime Eond 45c ver raonth n(‘.vh':';nflu $ndar BT e ver month The Evening and Sunday Siar o (when 5 Sundavs) - 65¢ per menth The Supdas Star LB per cepy Collection made at the end of cach month. ders may be Ational 8000, Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. sent in by mail or telephone Dally and Sunday ¥7.. $10.00: 1 mo.. 85¢ nly 1¥rll 5600: 1 mo.. 5o¢ 1¥r. $4.00: 1 mo.. 40c All Other States and Canada. fly and Sunday..l)r.$1200: 1 mo.. $1.00 ily only . 1yrl 3800: Imo. 75c unday only 1¥:. $500: 1 mo.. f ‘he Associated Press. e Associated Press is exclusitelv entitled to the nse for republication of il news dis- tches credited to it or not otherwise cred- d in this pADer and slso the 'ocal news blished herein Al rights of publication of pecial dispatches herein are also ieserved _— Clocking the Judges. In his message to Congress President Hoover declared that “While conditions here are much better than in many other large cities, they are far from perfect, and this is due in part to the congestion of criminal cases in the Su- preme Court of the District, resulting in long delays.” In his letter to Senator Capper on January 3, Attorney General Mitchell, writing on needed legislation to tighten up law enforcement in the District, said: I recommend legislation to provide at once two additional judges for the Supreme Court of the District. I'am in- closing for your information documents containing a mass of statistical infor- mation respecting the business of the court, together with reports from its chief justice and the United States at- torney. There is no room for differ- ence of opinion as to the need for at Jeast one additional judge. I am satis- fied that two additional judges should now be provided and that the only question about the second additional judge is whether he may be needed after the lapse of three or four years. If it be deemed advisable to anticipate that event, the legislation might pro- vide that the first vacancy occurring after the expiration of four years shall not be filled unless it be in the office of chief justice, to be filled by then ad- vancing an associate justice. There is & very serious congestion of cases in that court. Criminal cases where the accused are in jail without bond are kept fairly current, being given prefer- ence. The calendar of cases where the defendants are able to give bail is many months behind. Delay in the trial of criminal cases means lax law enforce- ment. Witnesses move away, die or disappear. acquittals result, cases have to be nolle prossed, guilty defendants thus escape punishment and the whoie machinery of law enforcement slows down and we lose the deterrent effect of speedy trial and punishment. A sim- flar condition exists in the District re- soecting padlock injunction cases under the national prohibition act, which should be effective weapons in the en- forcement of that statute. There are a Iarge number of those pending in the District and it takes from one to one and a half years to secure a trial in .February 9, 1930 80c | surplus which is being skillfully dumped ;m stand on a platform of heavy pro- tective duties on foreign manufactured goods which Britons themselves can produce, the size of his vote should be indicative of how the political wind in Britain is blowing, as far as the tariff is concerned. ‘The Central Nottingham by-election comes along at a time when Lancashire, traditional and hitherto impregnable seat of the British textile industry. has had a graphic object lesson of what can happen to John Bull's unprotected home market. Japanese textile manu- facturers have steadily since the war i been crowding British textiles out of China and India. But now Japan has invaded Lancashire. In that region a certain grade of cotton cloth shirts is | of British-made shirts of the same gen- out to be of Japanese origin. “These cotton shirts,” remarks the ’5&'" and high-tariff London Morning | t, “probably represent a Japanese in the British market in order to injure/ {a competitor, and so contribute to 8 future victory. While Mr. Macdonald prates of peace and disarmament, this | silent and eternal economic war Dm-‘ ceeds. Nor are there in British policy any weapons or bulwarks against it. For our part, we believe that if the shades of John Bright and Richard Cobden were able to see these Japanese shirts, they would ‘squeak and gibber’ i]nr protectiol . e Both Mandate and Permissi In the course of his argument in the House on Friday relative to prohibition, Representative Beck of Pennsylvania declared, in effect, that the eighteenth STAR, WASHINGTON, D. ¢, FEBRUARY Washington. This is the second allot- ment of funds for the execution of the program at the Capital. The final pas- sage of the bill is virtually assured, as it has already been approved in the House and is now on the Senate calen- dar. It is part of the definitely pro- posed series of appropriations. When it has been enacted provision will be | thereupon made for the second group of bulldings, all of them to go within the Mall-Avenue triangle. Preliminary plans for these structures have already been prepared, to permit estimates to be sent to Congress for specific appro- priation under the law proposed in the pending bill, which is merely an au- thorization, ing the next group of constructions will (eral quality. The cheaper article turns | be for the Department of Justice, the Department of Labor, the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Post Office Department. The three first named have been heretofore mentioned specifically, with particular sites indi- cated. The fourth, however, is a new- comer in the arena, so to speak. It is an item of particular interest because for the Internal Revenue Building, one section of which is now nearing com- pletion, From the outset of the planning for the Mall-Avenue triangle constructions it has been recognized that the Post Office Department would be wholly “out of the pleture” of the new Government layout south of Pennsylvanis avenue. Never of an attractive type, at best an architectural blunder, it would in the new scheme be a decided “blot on the landscape.” For some time past concern has been amendment, though a part of the Con- stitution, is not necessarily mandatory, but is a permissive declaration under which Congress has the power to act for enforcement. His view to this ef- fect is not entirely novel. It has been advanced in one form or another previ- ously by other debaters on this and other questions affected by constitu- tional prescription. “A clear distinction must be made,” says Mr. Beck, “between the clauses of the Constitution that in themselves are a mandate to Congress, on the one hand, and & mere delegation to Con- gress of a power to do a thing.” He cites, for example, the fallure of Con- gress to adopt a reapportionment on the basis of the census of 1920. He cites also the neglect of Congress for a hun- dred years of the power given by the Constitution to regulate commerce. He says: Congress is given the power to bor- fow money, but it need not borrow it; o regulate commerce, but it need not regulate it; to establish a uniform rule of naturalization and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcy, but it need not pass such a rule; to promote the progress of science and useful arts, by patents and copyrights, but it need not pass them. Failure to do so is not a violation of the Constitution, but ob- viously, if they pass laws in execution of a delegated power, they must not be inconsistent with the Constitution. ‘The speaker in this case has, perhaps with the discretion of a special pleader, failed to differentiate between merely permissive provisions of the Constitu- felt by uninformed observers regarding the north wall of the Internal Revenue unit, & bare facade without any reliev- ing adornment, and with a red brick wall at the northeast corner and an- other at the northwest. It is not gen- erally known that the plan for this building contemplates a great rectangle, of which the unit now in the last stages of construction is only the southern section. The facade will continue north on Tenth street and west on Pennsylvania avenue to Twelfth, and thence southward to join the already standing western flank. This, of course, involves the removal of the Post Office Department, which occupies the north- west corner of the site. The inclusion of the new Post Office Department in the group to be provided for in the second “flight” of public constructions thus assures fairly early clearance of the ground to permit the completion of the Internal Revenue Building, ——— The “glider” remains something of an aeronautic mystery. Lindbergh re- mains most useful as a praetical flying man and will probably insist on vary- ing his executive career with frequent experiments with new ideas. oo The Senate reflects all types of in- tellectuality, including that of the man who likes discuision not as a means of enlightenment, but simply for the sake of argument. e Caution has to be observed in mak- such a case after it is instituted. The|tion and those which establish prin- |Ing laws to avoid penalties so heavy prompt trial and disposition of such cases would tend' to deter proprietors and tenants of real estate from allow- ing the .use of their property for the violation: of the national prohibition act. There is, likewise, a great delay in the trial of private civil cases in the Supreme Court of the District. The equity calendar is more than a year be- hind. Such delays result often in de- nial of justice to private litigants, par- ticularly to poor people. “This statement will be borne in mind @&nd weighed -against the results of a secret investigator who jotted down the time spent by judges of the District Bupreme Court on the bench during one of the fifty-two weeks in the year, such results being used as an argu- ment that if the judges sat in court longer there would be no need to add 16 their number. Leaving aside the question of ethics involved in spying on the judges, one | may well ask what particular point ‘was proved by clocking them? The test was apparently conducted during a week when new juries were being se- lected and no criminal cases were as- signed for trial either on Monday or ‘Tuegday, leaving Wednesday, Th:sday, Friday and half a day Saturday for trials in Criminal Court. The secret agent who timed the judges would have accomplished & more thorough piece of research work had he spent at least a month in court, and his findings would have been more convincing if they in- ¢luded the point of view of the judges themselves. If Congress fails to do everything within its power to clear congestion in the courts, l]aw enforcement and re- epect for law will suffer. The Gov- ernment’s chief law officer has recom- mended that the first step in clearing this congestion is to appoint two a ditional judges. They should be ap- pointed and furnished, if need be, with appropriately engraved stop watches. ) Although an expert in the study of swiftly spinning spheres, even Einstein does not attempt to explain what en- ables Babe Ruth to knock a base ball %0 far. . Some of the rather spectacular divorce sensations look to the alert movie press agent like so much wasted pub- Meity. AL Britain's Economic Problem. ‘The British government has decided to set up at once an economic advisory council under the chairmanship of the prime minister. Its membership, it is hoped, will include at least two experi- enced economists not now associated with the government. The scope and functions of the new body have yet to be revealed. But in a general way the council is expected to come to grips with the distressing situation which has temi-paralyzed British industry. The old Chamberlain theory that in & protective tariff alone lies Britain's| hope of industrial resuscitation is again ! Politicians of all parties hope that a significant test of public opinion will be made at a forthcoming by-election in the impor- tant industrial constituency of Central ‘The seat will be contested by a well known business man, George ‘Terrell, who fervently espouses a strong 5 tariff policy, including free trade within conspicuously to the fore. ciples. For instance, Article XIII pro- hibits slavery and involuntary servitude save as punishment for crime, and gives Congress power to enferce the article by appropriate legislation. The lack of enforcement legislation would not nul- lify the prohibition. 8o also in the case of Article XVII setting forth the method of electiig Senators, which does not require legisiation to carry it into effect. Likewise, Article XIX, the equal suffrage amendment, though accom- panied by the empowering clause, grants the right to vote without disqualifiea- tion for sex, which is valid in full force without legislation. The use of the words “the Congress and the several States shall have con- current power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation,” which forms part of Article XVIII, could have been omitted from the amendment without ‘weakening or destroying the principle of the prohibition of the manufacture, sale or transportation of intoxicating liquors. If the Volstead act were re- pealed tomorrow or next year prohibi- tion as a principle would still be in effect, though perhaps not effective, In one sense all of the articles and sections and clauses of the Constitution are permissive, whether mandatory or not. They establish the basic structure of law, or organization and of admin- istration in the United States. The eighteenth amendment is part of that { structure. Congress might have been negligent of its power for a decade fol- lowing the ratification of the amend- ment, leaving the principle standing in the Constitution without any attempt at enforcement. It chose, however, to be prompt with tie enactment of a statute providing for the enforcement of the principle of prohibition. The repeal of that statute would not nullity the principle, nor would it transfer to the States the power of enforcement, as Mr. Beck suggests, for the States, !it is obvious from the plain intent of |the eighteenth amendment, can act lin enforcement only concurrently and |in harmony with the National Legis- | lature. P ) Peace has its victories and the ques- tion of whether it can be made to yield |a political victory is likely to arise in | the minds of those who study immediate advantage in matters of public position. ——— e Some severe experiences were reported !in the stock market. They have not | prevented the study of the ticker from | holding its own as & national indoor sport. o The Second Group of Buildings. Observers of the progress on the con- { structions within the Mall-Avenue tri- angle for the accommodation of the Department of Commerce and the In- ternal Revenue Building, which are rapidly approaching completion, have | doubtless wondered whether the se- quence of bullding operations under the comprehensive Government housing plan will be rapid and regular. These that human sympathy will impulsively interpose obstruction to their enforce- ment. —————— A number of very rich men in Chi- cago would never have attained success it they had used in their own business the kind of accounting that is applied to municipal affairs, ————— No doubt there is room for improve- ment in the D. C. police force. It stands forth in a most favorable light, how- ever, when compared with the police of other and larger cities. ————————— A D. C. commissionership vacancy offers an eligible list that leaves no doubt of the supply of efficiency with- out need of importation. ————et——————— Even a period of iliness may have its compensation when, as in the case of William Howard Taft, it serves to re- mind & man of innumerable friendships. J——— SHOOTING STARS. 3 BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. St. Valentine. St. Valentine! St. Valentine! You claim to be a friend of mine. ‘Your poems do not touch my heart. Your pictures show no trace of art. St. Valentine! St. Valentine! Your sentiment is far from fine. Your humor, too, is very crude. With illustrations frankly rude. St. Valentine! St. Valentine! You bid us serious cares resign, And prove, as you draw near again, Quite safe, though not so very sane. Mental Occupation. “What do you think of the idea of changing our national anthem?” “I'm against it,” answered Senator Sorghum. “I have all T can attend to studying the tariff without taking on the study of music as & side line.” Jud Tunkins says the men who give three cheers have the advantage of getting into & political argument with- out committing themselves to any policy. Abundant Legislation. ‘Though “Blue Laws” stand on many s page, Reminders of a bygone age, With new laws we show patience vast, And say, “They're bargains while they last.” Divided Responsibility. “Are you going to buy & new car?” “No,” answered Mr. Chuggins. “My wife will buy one. I will pay for it.” —— “A prudent man,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “does not idly in- quire into the business of others and burden himself with the task of keep- ing secrets which do not interest him.” Substitutes in Diligence. Now doth the statesman rather wise His fellow mortals criticize, two structures are but the beginning of the great project which when com- pleted will fill the triangle and occupy other spaces in this city. It is not the policy of the Government to undertake these works all together, but to extend the expenditures over a period of years 30 as 10 equalize the drain upon the the British Empire. He will be opposed | public revenues, by an official Conservative candidate, A bill is now pending in Congress and probably by Labor and Liberal can- authorizing the appropriation of $115,- didates as well. As Mr, Terrell plans 000,000 1.; Government buildings in And think it well for him to shirk 1t he makes other people work. “Dem ‘good old times,’'” said Uncle Eben, “is jes’ about as important dese days as a set of sleigh bells hangin’ in -—oe—s Mind Your Aim. Prom the Adrian Daily Telesram. Slap the cheeks until they glow, ad- vises & beauty expert., But be sure of course, they're your own. It is unofficially but authoritatively | now selling at less than half the price | Stated that the four buildings compris- of much curiosity regarding ihc design | 9, 1930—PART TWO, “STABILITY” BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES Genesis, zliz. 4—"Unstable as water, thou shalt not excel.” The very practical writer of the Epis- tle of St. James expresses the thought contained in the text quoted above, “A | double-minded man is unstable in all his ways.” Speaking to his elder son, the head of an ancient household de- clared, “Thou art my first-born, my | might and the beginning of my strength, | the excellency of dignity and the e: cellency of power.” One could hardly conceive of a finer or nobler declara- tion than this and yet he follows it with the words of the text, “Unstable as { water, thou shalt not excel.” The aged | father had discovered something in his son's nature that disclosed a funda- | mental weakness. Strong as he might | be in other gifts and qualities of mind and heart, he lacked stability. He was unable to overcome & besetting sin. This type Is by no means uncommon or rare. | Frequently we meet men who are possessed of rare gifts, who have qual- ities that are fascinating and appeal- ing. They disclose every evidence of strength, but suddenly and unexpect- edly they exhibit weaknesses that bring disappointment_and_disillusionment to | those who trust them. Consistency of | living is a rare virtue. To be able to say in the face of tragic circumstances, ere 1 stand, I can do no other, so !help me God,” indicates elements of [alrengm that (:lnmnr I:; -Ehhlk!rn by the changing opinions of e hour. A[l‘ln.‘ln‘;fle, we meet with those who betray every evidence of weakness, who are susceptible to temptations that are body and soul destroying, and yet who in some great crisis, like Sydney Car- ton, they stand tor:.h magnificently when the supreme test is on. The cultivation of fixed and stable | qualities, those things that make and enrich character, must be begun when {life is plastic ‘and responsive. = We| | sometimes wonder whether modern edu- | cation is addressing itself to this Vihll;l important matter. There are so many | evmncu today of Instability, a lack of steadfastness on the part of our youth, their incapacity to resist tempta- tions or to meet critical situations, that it reflects seriously not only upon our educational methods but our home dis- cipline, This discloses itself not only in moral weakness but in incapacity to address themselves definitely to a given occupation or profession. We con- stantly meet young men who have come to their majority but have no definite or fixed idea as to a career. They en- ter the arena of active service without the slightest conception of their apti- tudes, with the result that they move from one experiment to another. These men do not lack talent, nor do they lack training: they lack stability, fixity of purpose. They never learned to say | have made them what they are, E. FREEMAN, D. D, LL. D, Bishop of Washington. difficult to cite an fllustration of Who has been measurably successful g life, who did not possess a degree of stability. While the right sort of equ- cation is & large factor in giving direc- tion to life, the home occupies a still more _important place. Repeatedly fathers who have attained a high de. gree of success in life pay little or ng | attention to the matter of inculcating in their sons the very qualities that ‘They seem to assume that success is largely a matter of chance. Sometimes it would seem that a youth can experience no greater misfortune than to be the son of a successful father. Applying all |this to the deeper things of our moral and spiritual nature, how conspicu- ously true it is that our convictions largely determine our habits! What we hold in the way of religious bellef, what we adhere to in the way of prin- ciple, does determine our course of ac- tion. Just now we are passing through & period that is marked by instability in the matter of a deep and fixed re- ligious faith. It is an age of fads and fancies, and more nostrums are being propounded to heal human maladies of one sort or another than we have known for a generation past. Our literature teems with suggestions born out of the ill-considered reasoning of one who has a lust for change, a passion for the novel. No matter what values have accrued to old practices or to the proved Wholesome ways of domestic and social life, we must have varlety, if for no other reason, for its own sake. Even the Christian pulpit now and again discloses this trend, and the teachings of the great Master are so diluted or | misstated as to make them unworthy of Him whose word was with finality. The strong,. virile faith of another day is dlspllce‘ by substitutes that call for nothing of the heroic, and little of devo- tion. Everything must be made easy, | colorful and attractive, with the result that the elemental truths are laid aside for those that are more acceptable to a capricious and whimsical age. Doubt- less much of the instability of our time is a reaction from the intense strain of the World War. It is reflected not only in our literature, sometimes in our preaching, but in gur music and drama and the large concerns of indus itself. History and experience alike teach us that stability is fundamental and indispensable to efficiency. This is true of every aspect of life. The men and women in every age who really lead, who shape the policies and habits of domestic, social and every other form of our life, are those who— “Seeing far an end subline Contend, despising party rage, ‘To hold the spirit of the age “This one thing I do.” It would be Dozens of the members of the Amer- ican contingent at the London Naval Conference are making their first visit abroad. They find London and the British passing strange. Being motor- minded Yankees, one of their very first impressions revolves around the dis- covery that vehicles in London drive to the left and that British automobiles are almost exclusively right-hand-drive cars. Also, our car-conscious fellow country men and women marvel at the absence of traffic lights in London's streets. The omnipotent and magnifi- cent “bobble” still rules supreme. To his credit, be it said, he keeps things moving with miraculous regularity and with an absence of racket which Americans find inexplicable. The met- ropolitan police are armed with a whis- tle, but it is practically never blown for traffic-regulation purposes. Their ma- jestic outstretched arms are all that's necessary to do the trick. Since this observer was last on British soil, five years ago, the “bobbles” have been fitted with half sleeves of duck or twill, which causes their forearms to stick out like good deeds in a naughty world when traffic is held up at street inter- sections. The white color is visible from afar and seems to serve its purpose very effectively. * K k% ‘This is the season of the year in Lon- dap when the sun is conspicuous by its absence. If Old Sol does a turn once a week, it is considered a high average. A member of the American naval dele- flllon asked Ambassador Dawes how he likes the English climate. “Well,” the general replied, “you're not in much danger of being sunstruck, anyhow.” * K ok % Our spick-and-span Marines attract unceasing attention whenever they are seen in public on confidential messen- ger duty, which is the main purpose of aving them at the conference. Capt. John Halla, who is in charge of the squard of 10 leathernecks, is alde-de- camp to Maj. Gen. Neville, commandant of the Marine Corps, and is also a ‘White House aide. The Marines are all sergeants with first-class service rec- ords. They were picked for the Lon- don job because of their fine appearance and demonstrated reliabllity in major emergencies. The top-sergeant is First Sergt. Charles W. Harrmann and the nine gunnery sergeants on duty with him are Thomas C. Baisden, Franklin E. Freeman, Henderson P. Clary, Fran- cis L. Brauer, Jesse L. Reynolds, John C. Mason, Ernest V. Maddox, John H. Rice and John. 8, Domzalski. The Ma- rines are nearly all 6-footers. When not on messenger service between the Ritz Hotel (American headquarters), St. James’s Palace and the foreign of- fice, the Quantico men are guarding delegation offices at the Ritz. It's as hard to pass their barriers as if Lon- don were in Nicaragua. * KoKk Apart from his intrinsic merits as a negotiator and conciliator, Dwight W. Morrow is & tent American confer- ence delegate, because he happens to be Col. Lindbergh's father-in-law. That circumstance clothes the lawyer-diplo- mat-Senator with a certain prestige which is unique. Another factor which does not make Mr. Morrow any less ef- fective at London is his former asso- clation with the Morgan banking house. Both the British and French govern- ments are in more or less close finan- cial affiliation with the Morgans. Prime LONDON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. Against the spirit of the time,” It is no inconsiderable asset for the U. 8. A. at this witching hour. * ok ok ok Col. Charles Burnett, lately American. military attache at Tokio, and Mrs. Burnett are playing a highly useful role at the conference. They were attached to the United States delegation on the eve of its departure at the special in- stigation of Secretary Stimson because of the Burnetts’ wide popularity in Japan. The colonel has been stationed in Nippon for more than seven years. No foreign officer ever won the confi- dence and esteem of the Japanese ple so comgletely as he has. Mrs. nett, too, has endeared herself to the Nipponese in high degree, mainly be- cause of her proficiency in the Japa- nese language. She writes poetry: in Japanese so -beautifully that a couple of years ago she was awarded the K- peror’s prize for the most classic verse of the era. e Some folks think there is magic and significance in the number 10. No. 10 Downing street is, of course, the most important address in the whole British Empire and No. 10 Stratton street is playing an important part in the Amer- ican affairs at the London Naval Con- At what the English would “very good address” Mr, and Mrs. Keith Merrill of Washington have taken a mansion for the duration of this peaceful war. Nominally it's their own menage. Actually it is to serve as a domestic retreat to which Secretary Stimson may repair for heart-to-heart confabs with the heads of other delega- tions. ‘The house is fully furnished and staffed with servants and entertain- ment is possible there on short notice and elaborate scale. The “Big Five” of the conference—Stimson, Macdonald, Tardieu, Grandi and Wakatsuki—are likely to forgather at No. 10 Stratton street ever and anon. The heads of the non-British delegations can talk there amid surroundings less stilted than those which their hotel quarterg afford. The Merrill house, which may achieve im- mortality before many moons are past, is just off Piccadilly, around the corner from the Ritz Hotel. It Bhas already been the scene of momentous pow-wows. Ml.:i Merrill is a State Department offi- o * Kok X In Sir Arthur Willert, chief of the press section of the British foreign of- fice, American newspaper men and others attending the conference dis- cover an old Washington friend. Sir Arthur was the war-time correspondent of the London Times in the United States and was stationed at the Na- tional Capital. No man in the entire British service knows the needs of writ- ing men, and especially Americans, Willcrt does. He sees the international press brigade, a contingent running into the hundreds, twice a day at St. James's Palace and sends its news-hungry members away smiling, even though sometimes copylm. A * It's the unanimous opinion of the en- tire American conference colony that the absence of the Prince of Wales from London is a great pity. He sailed for South Africa just about the time the United States delegation was sailing for England. Unless the naval parley pro- Jects itself into the Spring,the prince will probably not be home until it is over. ~Meantime, the conference is being held beneath his roof—St. James's Palace. By the way, it is “St. James's” Ministers Macdonald and Tardieu are fully aware of Morrow's “background.” and not “St. James.' " (Copyright, 1930.) League to Name Hughes’ Successor As American Member of World Court BY WILLIAM HARD. ‘THE HAGUE, February 8.—It is con- fidently expected here that the League of Nations will select an American in September to succeed Charles Evans s on the World Court. the judges of the court there is mnbe as to who that American is likely to_be. ‘The departure of Mr. Hughes, owing to his nomination as Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, immensely regretted and felt as a loss. Judge B. C. J. Loder, years judge of the supreme court of the Netherlands, then first chief jus- tice of the World Court and the most distinguished jurist in Europe, said: “Justice Hughes was a breath of fresh energy in our Permanent Court of In- ternational Justice. His withdrawal is a sad blow. I hope his successor is a man of the same splendid powers of intellect and organization.” * ok kX A new difficulty, nevertheless, has arisen regarding the next American Judge. e new regulations for the World Court, as drawn up by the League, provide that judges, except during the two annual vacations, must live within instant call of the court for work on cases. This new rule is creating misery among virtually all of the ‘World Court judges. They are accus- tomed to staying here only a few weeks at a time and then departing for their own countries or Paris. They are almost all living here only in hotels and not taking houses. Now they will probably have to rent or buy houses and settle down as permanent resi- dents of The Hague, which is not at- much tractive to them, because this is a small and quiet, though beautiful, place. * ok ok X ‘The new rule is a triumph for Jus- tice Loder and the Netherlands, which tried at the inception to the court to have the League order its judges to live continuously at The Hague. Jus- tice Loder is much pleased and sees the court becoming really perma- nent one. The Palace of Jlll’lcn. built here by Andrew Carnegle, is always busy, while the city itself is becoming a continuous central peace capital. The next important case is that of Switzerland: versus France. This case has already been handled by the court in a prahmlmr{“ed France was the T. The case con- try | generations. peo- Bur- ¢ ecision in which yje Capital Sidelights BY WILL P. KENNEDY, ‘Two impressive thoughts regarding ‘Washington's future are emphasized by a veteran builder in Congress who has "‘l(ood on the hilltops and looked | toward the horizon,” Representative Elliott W. Sproul. He advises that in | should be remembered that ‘Washington as a world capital is still young and “must not be crowded.” He advises, too, that man can build no structure immpanble with God's special gift of ;mmrnl attractions —the gorge and | Great Falls and palisades of the Poto. mac. | “This Capital City,” said Mr. Sproul | “designed to be the most wonderful i the world, which President Coolidge said we must make a ‘soul city, and to the development and beautification of which President Hoover says we must give our best efforts, is but a century and a quarter old. It has many centu- ries to live and expand. It has already grown far beyond the original ‘10 miles square.’ It must not be crowded. Now is the time to safeguard the future by providing breathing spaces, parkways and recreation grounds. It is the greatest thing we can do for the Capital of the future. | . That young poet hero of the World ! War, who ‘sleeps where poppies blow’ in_ Flanders Field, has given to ages yet to come one great thought—‘Only God can make a tree’ God has given to various parts of our country rich deposits of gold and silver and iron and phosphate and what not. To other localities He has given scenery match- less in its grandeur, as each of our great national parks, distinctively individual in its chlef characteristics, so plainly testifles. “God has given to Washington, the Natlon's Capital, a gorge and Great Falls on the Potomac, with palisades along either bank, which world travelers assure us cannot be matched anywhere in all creation. That is God's gift to us, but not to us alone—it is for pos- terity. We are the custodians for a brief time. This beauty, which the hand of man cannot duplicate, must not be despoiled by the hand of man. It is our trust to hold this beauty inviolate as a heritage for the future Succeeding' generations may build greater buildings, but we know that they can never build any- thing as beautiful as the gorge and Great Falls of -the Potomac, which we here today pledge ourselves to preserve for our chiidren’s children in genera- tions yet unborn.” * K x % Representative Ernest W. Gibson of Vermont, who has taken the District of Columbia so particularly under his leg- islative wi has also espoused the cause of Haitl, and during a recent visit to the island has become enthralled by its history and importance as a strategic position as the second largest island in the Caribbean Sea area. Representative Gibson points out that Its location makes it a natural screen for the Panama Canal, which we are obligated to protect and maintain to insure the orderly flow of the commerce of the world. Its history depicts some of the most stirring struggles for independence and human liberty since history has been written. It is the story of revolution after revolution since independence was gained in 1804. During its existence as & nation it has had 24 rulers, only 8 of whom succeeded in remaining in office for the period of their elected terms, while only 2 were allowed to retire peaceably. Seventeen of these rulers were deposed by revolution, 7 of these following one another out of office in quick succession in the seven years pre- |ceding the American occupation in 1915. Haiti at one time was the richest colonial possession of the world, with 2,000,000 acres of land under cultiva- tion. Revolutions obliterated means of communication with the interior; roads ave way to trails; the hills became in- ,znted with bandits; people did not dare leave home for fear of being impressed into military service; no police pro- tection existed; the Government ren- dered no service whatever to the peo- ple; education was forgotten; the peo- ple became overridden with disease; they sunk into poverty and ignorance and freedom fled. The 2,000,000 pro- ductive acres became reduced to a few thousand in 1915. A small percentage of the people, however, are well edu- cated, graduates of some of the best universities of Europe, but this small element has never been able to control their country and direct its affairs. cerns free tariff zones on French soil along the Swiss frontier. France ob- Jects and Switzerland insists upon them on_the basis of treatles. France, discontented with the pre- liminary decision of the court, has re- opened arguments on the case. It is not expected, however, that the decision will be changed. * ok x ‘The judges frankly call the World Court “an organism of the League of Nations,” but maintain that its deci- sions are wholly independent of League influence. reluctance of Senators Borah and John- son to join the court in giving ad- visory opinions to the League, for they regard League as a great and noble institution, worthy of all assistance and support. League has not yet been really grasped, except in a few quarters. Just the same, American uence is gradually changing the League, and ultimately i is likely to change the League's rel tion to the World Court. League mem: bers are now engaged in trying to re- out of it all permission for war and make it harmonious with the Kellogg peace pact. * kxR ‘This, however, is only the first step. ‘The next and more important one con- templated is to revise Articles X and XVI to eliminate all obligations for the use of armed force or other coercion against violators of the covenant and 0 take away all authority from the League Council or the Assembly to suggest any coercion of violators. This is called the removal of “sanctions.” The American objection to sanctions is gaining increasing approval in some parts of Europe, but especlally in Great Britain. It is reasonably predictable that in 10 years sanctions will have disappeared from the e covenant either by repeal or by common consent and nullification. J. L. Garvin, the ":‘mlx:: xeg and A mos portant leaders of Brl thought on ce organization, advise this writer that they expect sanctions some day to be eliminated. * % x % The individual American most re- sponsible for this growing change in European sentiment is 8. O. Levinson, Chicago attorney, author of the pro- posal for the outlawry of war. Mr. Kerr told this writer that he regarded Mr. Levinson as the most remarkal figure in the contemporary peace move- ment. Mr. Levinson maintains that the League no longer considers itself em- decisions of the World Court. This is disputed by some others. It is clear, nevertheless, that the tendency is in the direction of Mr. Levinson's view. The question is whether the tendency toward the American ition in the matter of advisory opinions and in the herence to the court. Some here say- that the tendency must further before the United United States join before American ideas have completely triumphed? Some argue that if the United States will hold off for some time longer, then, in order to obtain American participa- tion, the League and the court will be really totally revised to suit American WS, (Copyright, 1030.) | the Capital development program f{t | ‘They cannot understand the The American attitude toward the vise the League covenant so as to take | powered to use sanctions to enforce | Scarcely a year ago there was no little dismay in the various branches of | the motion picture industry and many { pers involved were fearful that the change from silent to sound pictures would prove so great a strain on the machiney of the business that there would be a crash. The end of the year, however, saw the industry coming through with flying colors. To be sure, a great many failures marked the year |and much money was lost. Moreover, ione of the largest producers was forced {into a receivership and the Attorney eneral of the United States moved | against certain groups as being combi~ ations in restraint of trade in violation of the Sherman anti-trust law, yet the | industry as a whole can regard 1929 as | banner year, not only from the point of view of achievement, but of profits, It is difficult for those not closely | connected with the industry to realize what a drastic change the transition from the silent to the sound film meant. Every department of the business was affected. The producers were under the necessity of installing the equip- ment necessary to record voices and music properly. This required the hasty training of a whole corps of new oper- atives, and the earlier pictures some- times were clumsy, with many screeches and a frequent lack of synchronization between sound and the action depicted, which the sound was intended to ac- company. Then, too, stars of the screen who formerly could be regarded as certain hits with the public could no longer be used, as they possessed speakimg voices which did not record well. Quite a number were foreigners. Many of them hastily learned English, but this was a delay and a handicap. Many others merely gave it up and went home to Europe. The actors, too, had to be trained in speaking to the microphone in a manner calculated to produce the best results. The scenarios had to be rewritten to a large extent. The whole scheme of picture plays must needs be materially changed. The sound devices confined action perforce to studios for the most part and therefore the whole type of play presented had to undergo alter- ation. It looked for a while as though the day of the great outdoor motion plcture spectacle was past. Saving the Outdoor Pictures. ‘That situation, incidentally, has been corrected. A tiny microphone has been invented which will record the voice anywhere—from the top of the Hima- layas to Death Valley. It is worn like & button decoration in the lapel but- tonhole of a man or similarly- placed on the garment of a woman. It is in- visible to an audience save on the clos- est scrutiny. The speaking actor can go anywhere and what he says will be transmitted by this little device. Eman- cipation from the studio is the result. Finally, the exhibitors, owners of the motion Elclure houses, were required to install the devices necessary to the dis- play of sound pictures. The cheapest Of these installations cost some $1,500. This meant that large numbers of the smaller houses went preclrluuly out of business. For a time 1 independent houses were being closed at the rate of course, meant diminished business for the producers. was being drastically cut into. In spite of all these handicaps the industry has won through in excellent shape. The closing of so many small independents resulted in the extension of the chains of picture houses having & central ownership. The largest chain now has more than 700 theaters scat- tered from coast to coast. These are, to some extent, owned by the film pro- ducers. themselves, and it is this gTOW= ing combination and concentration of The Year’s Change in Motion Pictures BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. | approximately 100 a week. This, of propert; ownership in a few hands which has top. made the lll"tdun:r'zn!hu recent target of anti-trust litigal . Many short cuts were made possible by this produce-exhibitor ownership with the result that there was for the year an average Increase in earn of 25 per cent over 1928. Ow one of the rroducln‘ companies falled to make & large profit. A curious and interesting fact about the movies is the manner in which the stock market crash helped their patron. age. In almost every line of business some hints of depression have been felt because of the losses sustained by stock- traders. Luxury lines of business have fallen off notably and in many lines en- tirely unconnected with the market or the securities involved, business has been somewhat duller and collections hIVE‘ been notably slow. Not so with the movies. Composition of Movie Audiences. ‘The u{chnl of the situation has been studied with keen interest. It takes all kinds of people to make & world and representatives of every type were to be found speculating in stocks and los- ing. Some of them went into darkened movie houses to sit down and brood over their losses or plan coups to recover them. Others went there for solace, finding a measure of forgetfulness in the action and sound coming from the screen, Then, too, the matter of personal economy entered in. After all, the mo- tion picture is one of the cheapest amusements. Men who had held boxes at the opera or attended only the most expensive theater performances and who went to night clubs and cabarets found they no longer could afford the cost of these pastimes. They turned in great numbers to the less expensive movies. With these numbers added to the habitues, total box office receipts were swelled so that the last two months of 1929 were the best of the entire year. Those were the very two months in which stock market losses were the most keenly felt. In New York, at least, the last week of the year showed the greatest attendance at motion pictures of any week in the entire history of the industry. Two Billions Invested. ‘Total investment in the American mo- tion picture industry now amounts to approximately $2,000,000,000. This sum is represented by various proper= ties, but among them are to be found tangible properties, such as studios, of- fice buil , theaters and other per- manent buildings worth $1,250,000,000. Other property rights are vested in coryrl(hu and contracts and the good- will bullt up by advertising and by, ex- cellent past performance. This is & big business for one so new. ‘The American people pay $800,000,000 annually for admission to motion theaters and the sums received by the producers for the rental of their films amount to $200,000,000 a year. mh is seen that on the $2,000,000,000 in- vestment the industry receives a gross return of $1,000,000,000 every year, or 50 per cent. Out of this must come the heavy cost of ornunl theaters and the production of pictures. ‘The high salaries paid the stars drag down the net profits materially, but per- haps not ‘:wre than the ’de-tmcfim;’ of y process of making pic- tures. In the million-dollar spectacles erty is utterly l are turned into scrap iron to make wreck scenes and ships are sunk. Build- ings are burned. Animals are killed, automobiles destroyed. And any amount of clothing completely ruined. This all comes out of the gross. The day has passed when about all the dampge done in the making of a picture be ac- counted for by the loss of a few custard ies. But, in spite of this hard year, the dustry seems to have come out on Stock Market in 1928 Made Heavy Incomes BY HARDEN COLFAX. A glimpse into what happened in stock market operations in 1928, an active year of upward trends, is afford- ed for the first time by income tax statistics made public last week by the Treasury Department, whetting the mental appetite for what figures re- flecting the 1929 recession will disclose. Preliminary figures of the Internal Revenue Bureau, compiled from returns filed to August 31, show individual tax- yers -last year I increase of $2,052,000,000, or 9.09 cent, over the year immediately ceding. What is highly significant is that, of this aggregate income, $2,943,000,000, or 10.33 per cent of the total, was derived qrom profits from sale of real estate, stocks, bonds, etc., other than capital §ain from sale of assets held more than two years. This figure is an increase of $1,198,000,000, or per cent, over corresponding figures for returns filed in 1928, for 1927 incomes. Additional evidence of money-making in stocks is seen in the item of profits from sale of capital assets held more than two years, which for returns filed last year accounts for $1,843,000,000, or 6.47 per cent of the total net income re- ported by individuals, and is an increase of $777,000,000, or 73 per cent, over the preceding year. ‘The conclusion is | pointed that not only was there activity in real estate in 1928, but that many stockholders disposed of their old hold- ings in corporations at the attractive prices of a rising market. * K K% | _Taking the reasonable assumption that much of the large increases in these two items may be attributed to stock market profits, it is worth while examining the income received by in- dividuals from dividends of domestic corporations to determine if distributed earnings increased to an extent to justi- y steadily advancing quotations on stocks. Dividends accounted for $4,403,- 000,000 of the net income of individuals in the returns filed last year, an in- crease of $247,000,000 over the preced- ing year, or 5.9 per cent. As a matter of fact, dividends constitute a smaller percentage of the total income of in- dividual taxpayers in 1928 than in 1927, the proportions being 1545 and 15.93 per pre- Fifty Years Ago In The Star h.':hnt'ths Grant !hnoom for Pre::fl::t not collapsed ears ago - dicated by tyhe following in Grant The Star of February 3, Boom. 1880: " “The Cincinnati Commer~ cial, which put afloat the rumor that Gen. Grant would be formally with- drawn from the presidential race, now double-leads its opinion that the gen- 's friends ‘are resolved to put him into the field as an unqualified candi- date for the presidency and run him for all he is worth.” The action of Senator Don Cameron (of Pennsylvania) in hav- ing the delegation from his county to the State convention instructed for Grant convinces the Commercial that the boom is being pushed in all earnest- ness. The action of the Republican State committee of New York in calling an early convention, despite the earnest protests of the anti-Grant element, is certainly not less significant than the instructions given by Senator Cameron. ‘The question of renominating Gen. Grant has been a very prominent one in New York politics for some months, and it had taken such shape as to make the date fixed for the State con- vention of considerable importance. The Grant Republicans have insisted upon an early convention, while the opponents of a third term have been united in protesting against that policy, They have demanded that the conven- tion be called not earlier than May, in order that ample time might be given for consideration of the questions relating to a presidential nomination. This plan, they held, would enable the rny to come together in support of its strongest men. The State commit- tee, in spite of protests and contrary to past e, named the 27th of this n}n?ht: as "dau for the of convention. Of the 19 members of the committee present 17 declared themselves for Senator Conkling for e & can- per cent, respectively. Salaries and wages made up $10,263,000,000, or 36.01 z‘:r cent ‘of total income reported by dividuals last year. This was an in- crease of $217,00 , or 2.1 per cent, over the preceding year, when salaries and wages accounted for 38.49 per cent gregate individual income. Greater justification for higher stock prices in 19: in earnings of corpor: in in- cre: dividends. Corporation income tax returns filed last year show net incomes in 1928 of $9.539,000,000, an increase of $1,469,000,000, or 18.20 per cent, over net incomes in 1927. How- ever, this is an increase of only $325, 000,000, or 3.51 per cent, over ir ne incomes in 1926. Deficits of those cor- porations which had no net incomes were smaller in the aggregate in the st year than in the year im- receding, $2,159,000,000 con. trasted with $2,311 ,000; smaller also than for 1926 operations. That all individuals did not succeed in making money from the activities of 1928 is evidenced, however, by the fact that the preliminary statistics disclose general dedu gross income of $3,874,000,000 in the reports of in- filed year, an increase of $349,000,000, or 'rhis S ‘mciudes year. 'm_ includes m‘.‘fiim in sale of stocks, bonds, real estate, ete. * ok ok o Complete figures of income tax col- lections, also made public by the Inter- nal Revenue Bureau last week, show that last year paid Uncle $ ,000,000, an increase of $30,- 000,000, or 2.43 per cent, over payments th ious. Individuals paid L tax, an increase .’ Of this number 15 unhesi- tatingly declared for Gen. Grln{enll Conkling positively announced that he ;:: :fin & candidate. ’;Inh‘.nlore‘ it ap- a large ma; of the mittee are for Gen. Ol‘lnl"" * * % Oharles Stewart Parnell, Irish was a visitor in Wi Parnell in at this time 50 years ago i W, ot o0 the * e of United Vashington. gL, %o the Dol of money for the relief of the famine sufferers in Ireland. The Star of Feb- N‘H 3, 1880, says: “Mr. Parnell's reception f; - ton was marked by at lel'l‘tw;:l:m;l:- tinction that is very unusual. He was recelved by the House of tives in its ofcial capacity, speech forms & part of the sional Record. How ta- and his Congres- s trie, but his [ov‘:m- ture. nell is a British subject, it he is not a favorite with ment just now. He is e) movement having for its overthrow of one of the tutions’—the feudal tenure. not yet an increase in consolidated returns duz to ration mergers, plus a lower rate of taxation, caused ‘32 States to O the other Band, i s Ements: e ol r rates identical in nn'.hthm e States gained and only ¢ ual payments. WO years, 43 lost in individ (Copyright, 1900.X