Evening Star Newspaper, January 12, 1930, Page 30

THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D.. O, JANUARY 12, 1930—PART TWO. THE EVENINg STAR With Sunda; Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SUNDAY.......January 12, 1930 THEODORE W. NOYES. ., .Editor | his in have undiscovered serious injuries. Un- fortunately, there appears to be a tend- ency in cases of this kind to “let it &0 at that” if there is the appearance of liquor in an automobile accident. While this man may have died from ~nyway, it is assuredly no creditable performance on the part of The Evening Star Newspaper Company | the jail authorities to let him lie in the Busi ety B opean IR 8t.. Londol Rate by Carrier Within the City. Star. .48¢ Ler month and Suni when 4 D+, .80 per mon! The Evening and Sunday Siar et (when n¢ per month .5¢ per copy n month. St Collection ma nd of eac! Qfcire a3 Be semt tn b3 mell of Telehoce RAtional 5000. " Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. land and Virginia, Baily and Sunday. . aily o . $10. i A AR Al Other States and Canada. E:y and 8 177.. 812 00: 1 mo., $1.00 iy only %0 s’ only 8¢ | Member of the Associated Press. ‘The Associated Press i3 exclusively entitled to the use for nrubllul.wn of ail news dis rnau credited to it or not mnuwu’ cre DubMahed Netor: ALl FI&nts of sublication af special dispatchés herein are also reserved. How We Spend Our Money. Auditor Donovan's table showing how the District spends its money is int-r- esting in several respects, one of th'm being the consistent growth in the pro- portion of municipal expenditures de- voted to schools and highways in the last five years. ‘The contention of the school authori- ties has been that one-third of the total budget is not too much to spend on schools. While Mr. Donovan does not conceive of this total as including water revenues and special funds—as the school authorities have done with some justification—he shows that, in- cluding the gasoline tax fund as a part of the total considered, the amount spent on schools in the last five years has risen from 31.9 per cent in 1925 to 34.2 in 1929, or an average expendi- ture over the last five years of 33.3— exactly one-third. In the same period the expenditure for highways has in- * [the minimum cruiser strength for Great cell for a day and a half without med- {cal attention. This is not the first case of its kind, but it assuredly should be the last. ————————— British Cruiser Offer. As the delegations to the London Conference on Naval Limitation are gathering, A. V. Alexander, first lord of the admiralty and a member of the British delegation to the conference, will seek to maintain fifty cruisers. This i= & reduction of twenty cruisers from the demand made by Britain in earlier naval conferences. It bears out the predictions that Britain is ready to make concessions in the matter of naval strength in order to bring about a real limitation and reduction of naval armament. In some quarters there is still a disposition to regard as excessive Britain now advocated by the first lord of the admiralty, speaking apparently in his official capacity and as a dele- gate to the coming conference. But a drop of twenty cruisers certainly must be concidered as a reduction from the standpoint of the British. ‘The President of the United States has been anxious to bring about not only & limitation in the auxiliary naval tonnage of the maritime powers, but also & very real reduction. The Brit- ing bodies of tennis and golf in the United States and an entire sympathy with their aims and ideals in attempt- ing to remove the stain of commercial- ism from amateur athletics they have, in their dealings with “Big Bill” Til- den and Mary Browne, shown an aston- ishing lack of consistency and percep- tion as to what the great majority of persons believe constitutes the differ- ence between amateurism and profes- sionalism. Why, because Tilden wrote newspaper articles dealing with tennis, should he have been declared ineli- gible to participate in the Davis Cup matches in France, only to have the Tennis Association reverse itself a short time later and declare him eligible? Are those the tactics that contribute to the morale of our players when they makes the announcement that Britain |are on foreign sofl? Why, because Mary Browne played professional tennis, should she be declared a professional golf player and be barred from com- peting with the Simon-pure linkswom- en, and now again be declared an ama- teur golfer? Unless the athletic bodies would nar- row the field of amateur tennis and golf competitors to men and women of wealth and leisure and keep out all those who may be just as proficlent and Jjust as free from taints of commercial- ism their conception of amateurism should be subjected to revision. Neither the Tilden nor the Browne case can be cited as especially creditable per- formances on the part of the govern- ing bodies. o There have not been quite so many air crashes as usual during the New Year. The gangsters and law enforce- ment agents, however, have succeeded ish, through Premier Macdonald, have also indicated such a desire. It has been reported that the British hosts plan to make very generous proposals in the matter of naval reduction at the London conference. Indeed, if the conference is to be a success, such pro- posals must come and must be the basis of an agreement. Great Britain today outstrips the United States in cruiser power. There is not the slight- est doubt about that fact. And Britain, through her spokesmen, has already creased from 11.2 in 1925 to 141 in 1920, or an average for the five years considered of 12.4. The large increase In proportionate highway - expenditure is, of course, due to the gasoline tax fund. ‘The figures become more interesting, however, when compared with the Census Buresu's similar classification of expenditures by functions for the citles of the United States of more than thirty thousand inhabitants. ‘The latest figures are for 1927, two years behind the District auditor's figures. But Washington's average percentage distribution for the last five years, compared with the 1927 census figures, indicates at least a general trend. " Washington's 33.3 per cent for edu- eation, therefore, is found to compare with the cities' 38.3 for education in 1927, including as educational expendi- tures in both cases the money spent on libraries. For the library item alone ‘Washington’s ayerage is eight-tenths of 1 per cent, while the cities’ is 1.3. ‘Washington's ‘highway " ekpenditures, on the other hand, average 12.4 for the last five years, while the expenditure for this item by the citles in 1927 is 8.8. Further interesting comparisons lie In the percentage of funds devoted to recreation in Washington and in the Census Bureau list of cities. The per- centage in Washington over the last five years is 6.4, that for the cities in 1927, 3.4. Under the heading of recrea- tion are grouped expenditures for parks and playgrounds. ‘Washington's five-year average for protection of life and property is 16.7. ‘The proportionate expenditure is shown to have been declining steadily since 1025, when it was 17 per cent, to 1929, When it was 15.5. The five-year aver- age compares with a figure of 20 per cent spent by the cities for police and fire protection in 1927T. _The Capital's five-year average for health and sanitation is slightly below the expenditure by cities shown by the Census Bureau. For public welfare, which includes charities and corre tlons, Washington's average is 11.9, while for the cities as & whole it is shown to be 6.1. These comparisons point to fact that in devoting one-third gen- eral government expenditures £ schools, ‘Washington has nothing to boast about in laying its figures alongside similar expenditures by the cities of the coun- try. While parks and playgrounds should, of course, be considered the nat- ural embellishments of the Capital City, Washington as & municipality is spending & disproportionately large amount on these features, as compared to expenditures by the cities as & whole. And though it is desirable that the Cap- ital have fine highways, the parents of the city would rather see Washington excel in its expenditures for education than for its expenditures on streets. ‘We are devoting a proportionately small amount to public safety, This would on its face justify the plea of the heads of the Fire and Police Depart- ments for increased salaries, as well as for more men. As far as personnel is concerned, the firemen are working twelve hours a day in an age that has universally accepted the eight-hour day as standard. The police are numeri- cally inadequate properly to patrol the city, and increased duties are being prepared for them against the time that they will all become prohibition agents. ‘Washington's annual income is being stretched to the limit now, with addi- tional needs demanding attention. Phese additional needs should properly be financed by increasing the' Federal lump sum to a proportion that bears some logical resemblance to the 40 per cent promised by & law that has never been repealed. ———e———me Questions of precedence assert them- @elves at the committee table as well @s around the banquet board. Casual Examinations. ‘The case of & man who was injured in an sutomobile accident on Long Island, arrested for “driving while in- toxicated,” casually examined by the prison physician and told to “sleep it off,” was held for thirty-six hours and died the next day from s fractured agreed to naval parity with the United States. It doubtless will be necessary .ur this country to build up to the min- imum British cruiser strength which is set at the coming conference. The United States hss already adopted a cruiser building program, looking to the needs of the country from the point of view of national defense. ‘There is one point upen which the peo- ple of the United States may be ex- pected to insist. That is naval parity with Great Britain. It is a principle set, down at the Washington Conference on Naval Limitation in 1922. This coun. try has not kept pace with Great Brit- ain in cruiser construction, although it has been free to do so. Today it seems certain that despite heavy slashes made by the British in cruiser ton- nage at the naval conference, this country will have to continue with its present cruiser program. But even if that be the fact, it need not be dis- couraging. Without an agreement at London, the cruiser program in the end wouwld in all probability have to be increased. For a number of years that program was allowed to lag. The Gov- ernment of the United States was econ- omizing. Now that the cruiser program has been developed, it comes as some- thing of a shock to the people. But after all it has been commensurate only with the minimum needs of defense of this country. . The London conference has, like the Washington conference in 1922, & spe- cial problem. At Washington, the prob- lems of the Pacific had to be consid- ered. At London the problems of the Mediterranean are pressing for settle- ment. Indeed, it is upon the success- ful handling of these problems that really constructive work in the limita- tion of cruisers, destroyers and sub- marines depends. The problems of the Pacific were worked out through a four- power treaty, involving the United States, Great Britain, Prance and Japan, which in & measure superseded the Anglo-Japanese alllance. That al- liance in any event was brought to an end. At London, it is now proposed, a treaty similar to the four-power Pacific treaty, but involving the powers inter- ested particularly in the waters of the Mediterranean, should be negotiated. Great Britain, France, Italy and Spain are mentioned as the principal powers involved. The negotiation of a Medi- terranean treaty, if it is accomplished, may well be & triumph of the London conference. ——— et Even if Calvin Coolidge were in- clined to consider a possibility of again undertaking the duties of President, he might want to think it over before un- dertaking to regulate renewed responsi- bilities on the part of & White House spokesman. ———————————— Amateurism and Professionalism. One of the strange anomalies of the United States Golf Association’s con- ception of amateurism has been righted | to the satisfaction of the public and the unfortunate victim. Three years ago Mary K. Browne was known as one of the outstanding woman athletes in the world. In amateur tennis and in amateur golf she was one of the top- notchers, winning the national tennis crown in 1912, 1913 and 1914; and in 1924 reached the finals in the national women's golf championship. There had never arisen & question as to her ama- teur status. In 1927 when C. C. Pyle brought the great Suzanne Lenglen to this country after the French woman had announced her entry into professional tennis ranks he sought to find an opponent for her. Miss Browne, because of her prowess, was one of the first approached, and inasmuch as she was far from being of independent means the offer proved tempting enough to cause her to abandon her amateur standing in the tennis world. Little did she realize, though, that her action in becoming & professional ten- nis player would infringe on the Golf Association’s idea of an amateur golf player and that with elaborate cere- mony it would bar her from the links. lacking & few days, Mary K. Browne has been reinstated by the U. 8. G. A, but only after a petition containing the names of fifty feminine golfers, headed skull, ‘stresses the necessity of more (zareful examination of those who ap- parently have imbibed .too freely but ‘Who, like this unfortunate vietim, may by Glenna Collett, had been presented in a manner that’ showed unmistakably the wishes of her fellow sportswomen. With all due respect to the govern- And now, after thres years of exile | Shances are in keeping the mortality records up to & customary high average. ——oe—s. One of the reasons why a story-book sleuth is so satisfying is that he works accurately by deduction and does not have to offer any immunities that might disturb the populer sense of retribu- tion. —— e One of the cabinet members, James J. Davis, 18 a man who has studied labor conditions so closely as to enable him to enjoy hard work on his own account and be well worth keeping on the job. e Crime investigation can at least re. port progress to the extent of having located an immense amount of raw material with which the machinery of justice can operate. ——— If any statesman in Washington finds himself misled by a lobbyist, it will not be because of deficlent warn- ing that such insidious influences lie abundantly in wait, —_—————— One or two natfons interested in naval questions are so impatient that they can scarcely wait for the confer- ence in order to disagree. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Mother Knows Best (?). In fashion's attire, Such as méthers admire, A lass very small you In raimeént quifs warm 7 Fit to shield her. from storm, Except for & chill at each knee, She is comely and neat In a costume so sweet, ‘Though her stockings in brevity furl. But her Mother knows best! She seems half way undressed— “Poor little bare-legged girl!” ‘The lassie is brave. She knows how to behave And tries not to shiver or cough. She will merrily run And pretend it is fun ‘To have the long stockings left off. In spite of the face, ‘With its juvenile grace, And the fetching effect of a curl, ‘When the frost hovers nigh, You exclaim with a sigh— “Poor little bare-legged girl!” Increasing Cost. “Best seats in a theater cost more and more.” “The cost of seats is going up,” re- joined Senator Sorghum. “Seats on the Stock Exchange become more expensive and it s reported from Pennsylvania that the same thing applies to some of the best seats in the Senate.” Jud Tunkins says there is no such thing as freedom from care. A person who has nothing to worry about will hunt up a cross-word puzzle. Mysterious Package. A package very handsome seems! Just one point puszles me: Perhaps it holds some chocolate creams— Or, maybe, TNT. Unromantic Thought. “If you were being married, would you promise to love, honor and obey?” “Why mnot?” asked Miss Cayenne. “Promises made under emotional stress aren't actuslly any more binding than New Year resolution.” “There are conditions,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “that render compliments compulsory. Only a most credulous person believes everything he reads in epitaphs.” Sounds of Winter. The snow may glisten fair to see— The sleigh bells sound no more in glee. You only hear at early morn A backfire and & motor horn. “I reads my Bible,” said Uncle Eben, “an’ I's glad to say it don' need no fancy magazine cover to keep me interested.” Misplaced Sympathy. From the Worcester Telegram. Strangel m&l:!hin President afl'elll mu&mmr:(mhflmnfn which Yale d.ldn't”buwhet Harvard to make a Roman holiday. Lifted Ban May Help Some. Prom the Dayton Dally News. An Ohio coll has lifted a five- year ban “:mm.,lmme students will keep on She Should Write the Criminals. From the Topeka Datly C A Wichita woman writes the home in her opinion news. papers print too much crime news. However that may be, people certain- ly commit too many crimes, | Bishop of Oil is indispensable to smooth-run- nln&memmm machinery. The oil in the motor is more essential than the gasoline in the tank. Lack of line means lack of motion; lack of oll means no engine. This is a gasoline age, be- cause it is an of accelerated move- ment; but we do not get far unless we save our motors by a plentiful supply of oil. This has its It application to but sooner or later some part of the highly organized human machine shows wear, and then a long halt is made, or life goes on with an impairment that cannot be remedied. “Why do your tired, seriously worn-out men and wom- en come to Europe seeking renewal at some cure when the damage is beyond cure?” was the query of a great sur- geon concerning one who was dying of a grave heart malady in & Naples hotel. The search for something that is lost beyond recovery discloses a tragic sit- uation. One sometimes wonders, as he observes the excesses of modern living, whether we are not overstraining the old adage, “The race is to the swift,” and whether too great speed may not result in untimely disaster! Some one recently wrote: “Living is costly, too costly, and the money cost is simply an index to the human cost. Most men live through their working years with a meager margin of reserve strength.” A recommendation was made by the writer when he said, “He is & wise man who has the moral cour- age to make a place in his life for a certain number of interests which are not in themselves useful and of which the various practical gospels can give no valid account.” An avocation frequently saves a vocation. A period of sys- tematic relaxation sometimes saves & life. Every one of us needs a lubricant to keep the wheels from friction. great Master of men ized all this and attempted to provide for it, not only by giving men a better philoso, of life, but by instituting methods and “LIFE’S LUBRICANTS”. BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D, LL. D, d | into & desert place and rest a while. Washington. ractices that are resh, buoyant and strong. designed to keep life nj Christianity is not simply a cult, & system of doctrines and dogmas, dealing largely with the life hereafter; it is a sane, finely conceived set of life princi- ples designed to enrich, stimulate and benefit all those who consistently prac- tice them. On one occasion Jesus said to His disciples, “Come ye yourselves apart It was the recognition of the need of that kind of refreshment that proceeds from detachment and reflection. In the course of His brief life, intense as was its ac- tion, he consistently withdrew Himself to a place of seclusion and retirement in order that He might the better fit Him- self for the supreme tasks He had in hand. “As He prayed, the fashion of His countenance was altered.” This was the effect produced. even in Him, whose life is the unapproachable example of supreme excellence, The sheer econ- omy of a consistently and well lived Christian life is demonstrable. Entirely apart from what it may represent of belief or faith, it has a determining ef- fect upon our physical and mental well- being. Take prayer as an illustration of what we have in mind. Prayer is more than an act of reverent recognition of God, although it is essentially that. It is more than a set of petitions largely designed for the self-interests of the petitioner. Prayer involves relaxation, reflection, a period of quiet contempla- Waldo Trine's suggestive phrase, it is utting ourselves “in tune with the In- nite.” Definite periods set apart for prayer —not cold, perfunctory prayer, but real prayer—tend to ease the strain of life and serve as a lubricant to lessen its friction. To get away from the hur- ried, intense action of the day and to gain a respite by a few moments of seri- ‘The | our contemplation, and communion with the Eternal Father, lubricates the tired and overstrained machinery, saves it phy | from wear and lends to it increasing efmciency. U. S. Delegates to London Conference Are On the Sea, but Not at All At Sea| BY WILLIAM HARD. ABOARD THE 8. 8. GEORGE WASHINGTON AT SEA, January 11.— The American delegates to the London Naval Conferenc: have not been dis- turbed by the announcement that France refuses to grant naval equality to Italy. The delegates of the United States ars convinced that a treaty can be signed without fixing any absolute mathematical relations or ratios be- tween the Mediterranean powers. Secretary of State Stimson, Secre- tary of the Navy Ambassador Morrow and Senators Reed and Rob- inson are also convinced that Mediter- ranean rivalries will not in any case pre- vent the full protection of American naval interests relative to the British. There is on this boat the usual cargo of jokes about the willingness of European diplomacy and the sad fate ::l dAmerie-n negotiators :ht;, it is tion or accusation ton Arms Conference in 1921 we lost our pants and that at the London Naval Conference this year we may expect to lose our shirt. * ok k% mied by the History ot Americkn ‘and ran e of erican and British dlplomwuunm. which of decade after decade have shown the United States not be- coming & weaker factor, but bescoming always a stronger and stronger factor in the international diplomatic world situation. In any case, however, there is little in the character of the present American delegaflon to justify the be- lief or suspicion that its members are likely to be blindfolded and hornswog- &l by any European diplomatic strong-arm men or sleight-of-hand artists. The head of the delegation, Secretary Stimson, is looked at askanc: in some quarters in the United States because of his long attachment to Elthu Root and thus, it is claimed, to interna- tionalistic ideas such as joining the League of Nations. The fact of the matter is that Mr. Stimson's former favorable attitude toward American membership in the League of Nations is no longer evident in him. On the con! , there is excellent reason for beliefing that he has entirely shifted and reversed his views of this problem under the influence of the very different phutaophy of the Kellogg-Briand peace pact. * x ok x ‘The author of the “outlawry of war” idea, which is enshrined in the peace pact, Mr. 8. Q. Levinson of Chicago, was a college c!~*- of Mr. Stimson and it is possible to say with approxi. mate accuracy that Mr. Levinson's hos- tility to the “sanctions” threats of force and of war in the League of Nations covenant is now fully shared by Mr. Stimson. Mr. Stimson can no longer be regare as & person pining to enter into the political com- Pplications of Europe or into its philoso- phy of using the threat of war to deter nations from starting wars. So far as the head of this present American dele- gation is concerned, it is extremely likely that we shall see any move to- | Con ward committing the United States to use its armed forces to preserve peace on any theory that such a commitment would facilitate an agreement for naval reduction. All the other members of the delega- tion are thought at this time to be equally firm against any such policy. Moreover, when it comes down to nego- tiations about navies it is thought that the delegates represent a very high level of hard-headed trading capacity. * K ok Kk traded diplomatically with Europeans and have never given away a point to them, Mr. John Adams, Mr. John Quincy Adams and Mr. Charles Francis Adams, in the period from 1782 to 1865, were among the most resolute and in- sistent negotiators that ln'z me country has ever had; and the present Charles Francis Adams, Secretary of the Navy, is made in their mold. Mr. Dwight Morrow, lawyer, banker, diplomat, is admittedly one of the astutest traders in the world, fully ex- perienced in legal subtleties and in business exchange and deals and in diplomatic maneuvers. These three different sort of experiences, combined in one man, will not be excelled in the personality of any negotiator whom any foreign power at London may try to bring forward to match Mr. Morrow. * kK ¥ two Senators in the American _ delegation, Mr. of Pennsylvania and Mr. Robinson of Arkansas, it would be minimizing them to call them merely hard-headed. They are hard-boiled. They are of the con- sistency and chemical composition of nails. “They are extremely strong for national defense and it would be quite beyond the possibilities of their mental temperaments to trade off & ship for a soft word. If there is anything that would seem psychologically sure, it is that Mr. Reed and Mr. Robinson will never come back with any treaty w] would in the slightest de impair the power of the United States to de- fend itself inst any foe. “The delegates who will be picked up in London, Mr. Charles Gates Dawes and Mr. Hugh Gibson, are also - terized by a notable lack of softness and simplicity in their dispositions. As for the Mr. Dawes has known his way around in the intricacies of practical politics American man who was almost truculent and overbear- ing, and certainly not at all complacent and ylelding, when he spoke for the ference of 1927. * ook ok capabilities of the seven American dele- gates are all put together, it becomes almost silly to think that any foreign delegation will outweigh them or out- wit them. The true chances are that the exact opposite may happen, as it has happened before. ‘When the conference at Ghent was concluded in 1814 for bringing to an end the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain—a conference attended for us by Mr. John Quincy Adams, Mr. Henry Clay and Mr. Albert Gallatin—the Duke of Well- ington in the British House of Lords made a famous speech deploring the complete diplomatic superiority which the American negotiators had display- ed over the representatives at Ghent of Great Britain. The American ne- gotiators have in fact been the best at international conferences, and they may be this time. (Copyright, 1930.) ———— | Hearings on Trade Marks and Patterns BY HARDEN COLFAX. | Interests of the hundred million or | more people of the United States as well | as thcse of the hundreds of thousands of manufacturers and merchants are bound together in two bills which are | scheduled for early hearing before the House committee on patents. ‘The committee has announced & hear- |ing on a bill to amend and consolidate | the trade mark laws to be held next | Friday and Saturday. A few weeks, therefore—the exact dates to be fixed | later—a hearing will be held on design copyright bills. to the legislative hopper, it must be ad- mitted, but the concern over the form the proposed law is to take in each case more keen than- heretofore, committee. No one need be astounded if the present Congress enacted meas- ures on both subjects. * k% % The usual toast “to the ladies” will lk in order when the committee opens its hearings on the bill to permit copy- | right registration of designs, for wom- en's clubs and consumers’ leagues are evidencing a lively interest in this pro- posal. And with just cause, for the es- i color arrangement, in plece goods or ready-to-wear garments, may be pro- tected quickly by copyright and hence have its exclusiveness assured. Of course, there need to be no fear that style or fashion will be influenced to the disadvantage of masses of the consumers to any alarming extent, should such legislation be enacted by . _Fundamentally, fashion and style can be established only by adop- tion and use, and too rigid control by a fashion creator would take his title away from him via the bankruptcy court with none to mourn his passing; | secondarily, but importantly, there *is little chance that the committee would recommend & bill which would give too weat powers. Merchants of the country, through their organizations, are wide awake to the implications of this design copy- right bill. As a matter of fact, hear- ings were to have been held the latter part of this month, but have been post- poned, probably until late February or early March, until the department store and specialty shop owners have at- tended the convention of the National Retail Drygoods Association, to be held in New York City, beginning February 3. Of even greater importance, although it will attract a smaller number of wit- nesses because of the concentrated form of its visible effects, is the bill to amend and consolidate the trade mark laws, of which there now are seven on the Federal statute books, each with some imperfection and with loopholes between them. Because an identical bill was reported favorably two years ago and was passed in the House, only to die because of failure of the Senate to act in the closing days of the Congress, it is expected the hearings February 17 and 18 will re- sult in speedy final consideration by | the patents committee. * k% % Just as a patent is a gracious grant !hy Government, to genius, so a_ trade mark is de d to be a legal pro- tection to good will, that prize beyond price which is the ambition of every manufacturer, wholesaler and retailer. Good will to a producer or distributor has as its foundation sound value, with service as an attribute and advertising as a herald. An essential to well founded good will is identification, a name or a sym- bol. Hence trade marks, branded goods, hich | and_advertising of corporations, part- nerships, individuals and commercial wares. The trade mark is as old as known history. ‘This bill, in brief, seeks to write as a statute the common law of trade marks to be applied to commerce over which the leral Government has Jurisdiction. * ok ok One of the innovations posed in this measure is easy registration of marks which have acquired a sec- .| ondary meaning ., distingu! the §00ds of the applidnt. tration of geographical or purely d ve terms tion of life's realities, or, to use Ralph | United States at the Geneva Naval Con- | k™ In truth, when the characters and | Neither of these subjects is a stranger | appears judging from the inquiries made of the | pe Capital Sidelights BY WILL P. KENNEDY. Just now when work is being rushed on the erection of & new home for the Supreme Court as a memorial to the services of Willlam Howard Taft, the only man in the history of the Nation who occupied the position of head of two of the three great branches of Government, and while Mr. Taft him- self has been forced to retire from his duties as Chief Justice, the attention of Congress has been called to_the Nation's outstanding legal talent, Rep- resentative James M. Beck, himself one of the greatest authorities on the Con- stitution and law, formerly solicitor general of the United States, Assistant Attorney General and Acting Attorney General, who has been a lecturer before the most famous legal organizations in the world, a fellow of the Royal His- torical Society, London; an honorary bencher of Gray's Inn, & fellow of the American Philosophical Society and the author of the standard work on the Constitution of the United States, has emphasized to his colleagues the out- standing place that Chief Justice John | Marshall holds in our history. Representative Beck referred to the Marshall statue dedicated last week in Philadelphia, which is a replica of the statue by Story on the west front of the Capitol. He emphasized that “dif- ficult as is the of the sculptor, who attempts to make an effigy of a modern man, Willlam W. Story, the son of Joseph Story, the great associate of John Marshall and himself a sclent- ist, musician, poet, orator and sculptor, {gave the world in his Marshall statue one of the finest portrait statues of modern art. “No one can look at the statue of John Marshall,” he said, “without being deeply impressed with the benignant character of the face and the eloquence of that upraised hand, by which the sculptor meant to signify the authority of the law, of which, at least in our own country, John Marshall was the greatest ex- ponent.” Representative Beck narrated an incident “of epic beauty.” When John Marshall died in the city of Philadel- phia and a committee of the bar es- corted his body to Richmond, the Lib- erty Bell was tolled for the last time, for the crack in Liberty Bell then developed and the iron tongue, Wi had noted the birth of ous Nation, was silenced forever. ‘“How could it end more fittingly,” he said, by noting the passing of the greatest Chief Justice that the United States has ever own. Mr. Beck praised a speech at the dedication by Joseph Buffington, the senior circul judge of the Third Circuit of the United States. “Webster once said that the three at- tributes of a great oration were the man, the subject and the on,” Mr. Beck recalled. “Well, the occasion, the dedication of this statue, was in itself eloquent. The subject, John Mgrshall, was of such eloquence that one ht say as Lincoln said of Washington, that one need only name him and in its naked, deathless splendor, leave the great name of Marshall to shine on; and in this case there was the man, Joseph Buffington. Buffington was ap- pointed to the United States district bench in 1893, and has therefore served nearly 38 years on the Federal bench. This is not only the longest period of any Federal judge now living, but also the longest period of any Federal judge, living or dead. Marsh: or 34 years. “There may have been a judge of the past who served longer than Marshall, served public, unquestionably, is that of Joseph Buffington, who still presides in the third circult with great distinction to himself and great value to the public. In his incorruptible integrity and fine, unwearying_devotion to the duties of his great office, Joseph Buffington, as & Jurist, is of the breed of John Marshall. “There 'was peculiar beauty in this | tribute of the oldest circuit judge of the United States to the great Chiet Justice,” concluded Mr. Beck in- ask- ing to have printed in the Congres- slonal Record, so all the people of the country may have an opportunity to read it, “the noble tribute of Joseph Buffington to the memory of John | Marshall and to express the pleasure | that it gives me to have made today | this modest tribute to a distnguished | living judge, a worthy follower of Mar- i:l:lllhln all the great traditions of the nch. i “Remembering his years and his long | service, I voice the prayer of Horace, that ‘he may get late to Heaven,’ and in the meantime enjoy that which on the authority of Shakespeare is said to the just rewards of an honored age, namely, ‘love, honor, obedience and troops of friends.’ " R ‘The official history of the World War, which is being prepared at the Army War College as a comprehensive ac- count of all the activities of the Ameri- can troops who participated will not be published for probably 10 years. The | first chapter of this history, which was | made public more than a year ago, has and to the sence of the proposal is a provision | be | ence of the proposal s 8 Drovision | been found to be full of errors and will have to be rewritten. This is the testi- mony of Col. 8. C. Vestal, chief of the historical section of the Army War Col- lege, who is in charge of this work. Co- operating with him are 22 officers. They are now engaged in carding and re- pairing the records, and have sus- pended for the present writing of the history until the records have been carefully arranged. It is expected that eventually the history will comprise a set of seven to nine volumes, each con- taining 600 to 700 pages. Col. Vestal described the work as “mountainous.” and said ‘“no book should be published until the records are completed. To write chapters and issue them from time to time, and then unearth new information and find you were wrong puts the historical section in a very embarrassing situation.” In regard to the chapter already made public he said “it should not have been published.” | _The history will deal with the part | that the American Army played in the World War. It does not attempt to discuss the economic situation. or the causes of the war, but is handled strictly from the military point of view. * Ok kX Senator James J. Blaine, Republican, of Wisconsin, has just received an inter- | esting momento, an Indian flag made 1 personally by Mahatma M. K. Gandhi, the famous poet. philosopher and po- litical leader. The flog is white, red and green, the new ®national colors" of India. proclaimed by the Indian Na- tional Congress which at Lahore last week adopted the resolution declaring the independence of India. The flag is four feet by two and of Indian cotton. It was made by Gandhi by hand. Its } centerplece is a ing wheel, em- blematic of India's attempt to revive its native industries. Gandhi himself made three such fla; The one given to Senator Blaine is duplicate of the one raised to the mast- head at Lahore by Jawaharlal Nehru, president of the Indian National Con- ence was adopted. “It shall never be lowered so long as one man lives in India,” Nehru then declared. ‘The presentation was made to Senator Blaine by Sailendra N. Ghose, presi- dent of the American branch of the Indian National Congress, after Mr. Blaine had introduced a resolution ex- pressing the sense of the Senate that India should be free and counseling President Hoover to “early recognition” of the proposed Indian republic. is difficult, sometimes impossible, under the present law on the subject, but sometimes a name such as “Mississj Valley butter” may havi ade by some firm for its uct and ad- vertised and used until it has acquired 2 definite meaning in the public mind. And it also is proposed to protect col- lective marks of associations, trades unions, service organizations and the like to permit their use on merchandise and prevent unauthorized use in that manner at the variation of secont (Copyrizht, 1930.) le h | Wealth. Profits can scarcely be counted gress, when the resolution of independ- | same time—another | fi; dary m AID FOR NEGRO FARMERS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. ‘The economic emancipation of the Southern N farmer may be one of the accomplishments of the, Federal Farm Board as an Incident to its pro- gram of general farm relief. The board has had occasion to look into the sit- uation of these Negroes and has indi- cated that, if they take the advice given, it may be able to do much to ameliorate their condition, the granting of substantial loans. It a that the Southern Negro never been able to obtain any sort of ald which has been available for white farmers because of the segrega- tion policy of the South. He has not been able to benefit from the various channels of financial assistance because of his position apart. He is not easily admitted to such bodies as the national farm loan assoclations which were set up under the Federal farm loan system more than 15 years ago. fes were organized by white men and, while by legal process a Negro might force his admission, still his applications for loans would be greatly prejudiced. ‘White appraisers would value his prop- erty and white officials administer his applications. Yet Negroes are responsible for 40 per cent of the South's agricultural produc- tion, They are predominatingly farmers, 70 per cent of the members of the race being found on the land. Some of them are tenant farmers, worki small acreages on shares. However, there are large numbers who own their own farms. Only in rare cases are the farms large as compared to the plantations of | the white man. The Southern Negro usually operates what is called mule farm. He may raise but bale of cofton in a season. Bu | strongly attached to the land and year | in and year out tolls away. There are 5o many of these that they are able to produce 40 per cent of the South’s agri- cultural out-turn in competition with the thousand-acre plantations of the whites. In some counties the propor- tion of Negro to white population runs as high as 30 to 1. Should Form Co-oneratives. Obviously farming on so small a scale for each individual brings them littl in money. Bare livelthood is about all that is vouchsafed most of them. This means that there is no surplus capital at their command to enable them to capitalize banks of their own. Their bank usually is the country store, where they borrow not money, but supplies advanced against their growing crops. ‘Under the agricultural marketing act, which the Federal Farm Board admin- isters, relief, too, is extended through Jocal unit organiza , which take form of co-operatives. This is & some- what different matter from a national farm loan association. ‘The Federal farm loan system is one which advances money on the security of land or other tangible assets. A man must have valuable property before any benefits may accrue to him. The co- operatives organized under the argricul- tural marketing act are chiefly mediums whereby crops be marketed to the best advantage of the growers. The man farming on shares or on a rent- paid farm, as well as the little fellow who scarcely owns enough to warrant Sithout the necessity of ‘having. large necessity of hav! initial security. e | the very purpose of nplmh:l!l ‘This, then, is tne channel through hich the Board w] Federal Farm to help the small Negro farmer of South. The board cannot deal directly with the individual farmers of the country. ‘There are too many of them. The administrative cost would be too large to bear. It, therefore, deals with co-operatives. Large vanced to these groups of farmers and the local units bear the burden of mmc the local sid, not so much ugh direct loans, but through pro- viding warehouse facilities which ecan store crops until the most advantageous time to market them. This the smaill individual could not afford to do alone. Inasmuch as the total value of the co- operative members’ crop is materially enhanced by this process, a collective equity is built up adequate to secure such advances as the Government makes through the board. Negro Initiative Needed. But the individuals must act. Negro leaders have been told by board repre- sentatives that if they will organize the individual farmers of their race in the South they can have as much assistance as the most powerful white organiza- tion. The Iinitiative, however, must come from them. There is one organization of Negro farmers in the South which probal will be instrumental in about this important reform. It is ed the Negro Farmers’ Conference and once & year holds a meeting of representatives. The conference was organized years ago by the late Booker T. Wash- ington, head of Tuskegee mu&n. of:r con- dition of the small Negro tiller of the soll. It is a looss organization and its activities are advisory rather than ?- erative. That is, it has no facilities for marketing Corts granting direct aid to_farmers of Tace. Dr. R. R. Moton, now head of Tus- kegee, who has been the chief factor in enlisting the ald of the Federal Farm Board, worked through the’confer- ence and at its recent annual session the delegates had exgmned to them the manner in which they must go about obtaining the ald in marketing which & board can give under proper condi- ns. They were frankly told not to attempt any means save organization of their own local units with officers and oper- ating men of their own race. will forestall any of the discrimination on the part of whites, which in the past has excluded the Negro. High Interest Rates: One of the great troubles of Negroes as well as vml_u e men hs: h's:\ Soul nfor rs has been the high prevailing rate of interest. Rates run as high as 8 and 10 per cent and with payments 6f renewal commissions actually ~exceed these figures. The Negro farmer can- not afford to borrow money on such terms. The white one cannot, for that matter. Under the new marketing plan that situation is greatly relieved. El"tve board has advanced money at rates as low as 3% per cent. If the Ne farm- er of the South will Stellar System Like A Swarm of Gnats PARIS.—The Abbe Th. Moreux, di- rector of the Observatory of Bourges, discussed in a recent article in Le Petit Journal the interesting problem of the movement of the stars in space. He said among other things: o “The ancient savants—those at least, whose names have come down 'in his- tory—who had at their disposition neither telescopes nor modern instru- ments of measurements, had classifled the stars in two cal . The first moved in the celest vault and were the wandering stars to which they gave the name of planets; all the others were called fixed and were named simply stars. “This distinction, born of & superficial examination of the long after the admission of the rota- tion of the earth. “All the world accepted these notions when in 1804 an astronomer of Paler- mo, Father Piazzi, upset received ideas by announcing that a feeble star in the constellation of the Swan, numbered 61 in the catalogue, moved in the sky like a vulgar planet, “It was a very great event for that epoch. If No. 61 of the Swan had & movement of its own, it was a good | to bet that it was not alone among the stars in this respect. stars moved, goodby to the fixed points used as a base of calculation by the astronomers. And then, on re- flection, one could not see why our sun was not going to imitate the brother stars and carry us in his train into regions unknown. “They realized all this when Piassi announced his discovery, but they were far from suspetcing the importance of the fact and the frightful M“Jllulm which it was going to introduce into the study of the universe. Each ob- servatory set to work, and since then we have discovered that the rule is general —that all the stars have motions, more or less important, and that our sun carries us along in s wild course toward the region in which shines the beautiful sun which we call Vega. “In a general way the a] ent mo- tions which are most erable ap- ply to the stars which are nearest. “Thus, one of our neighbors of the constellation of Ophinicus, whose light takes only 8 years to reach us, moves annually in the sky about 10 seconds of an arc. It is very little, you will say, and the motion is not perceptible the eye. But think that this star more than 73,000,000,000,000 of kilo- meters distant and that 10 seconds, cal- culated on a circle having that dis- tance as a radius, give a displacement of several hundreds of millions of kilometers. skies, persisted even | inj And if all the | tortionate fi next year to take his seat as a member. Fifty Years Ago In The Star Skepticism tloneopffln muemnc electrie lght Edison . . B0 bl i ‘Warned. g _syen, . * had K lblaty l’:d lnten’h]‘ “&wm motives in announcing success without producing results. The Star of January 6, 1880, says: “Unless Mr. Edison shall very - g{.mmmmm that there is more in electric . light than can be written upon paper, prestige as an inventor and his character as & man.will suffer 'rhere'les a vgy mmmmue uum:xhb-' s ‘,“fl‘ the Edison electric light is being used for the questionable of ‘bearing’ gas stocks, and Mpln'p&- clon is rapidly few Gorman of forces in- Maryland, SThHe 9, 1880: States aen-wnl:r. Mr. Gorman is & native of Howard County, Md., and is about 41 years of age. He offers s striking illustration of the opportunities afforded to ability and en to make their way in this country. was & in the Senate, where he is Mr. Gorman has occuj various ficial itions in lepyuhnfl. and of- “If one takes the average of all the | \qry, numbers obtained. one finds that the stars have a motion of their own of between 35 and 40 kilometers & second. Our sun is far from attaining that speed. It carries us along at a rate of 20 kilometers a second, according to the most recent measurements, which made Newcomb say that we were born in a ‘snail-like train.’ At this rate we | shall reach the region of where Vega gravitates in 436,000 years, but when we arrive there, the beautiful star of the Lyre will no longer be . It also will have fled that region and will not ofifupy the place in which we see it shine. “On the other hand, these studies have been pursued for so short a time that we do not know whether we d scribe in space a straight line or trajectory more or less incurved, and even aftq observations through several centuries dur descendants will have all the dificulty in the world to settle this question. “To fix the speed and direction of our sun in space we need to observe atten- tively the movements of a great number of stars. Herschel had solved the prob- lem with data relatively meager, and he had concluded that we were flying toward the constellation of Hercules. Modern measurements have somewhat changed our point of view, but precisely because we possess too many data it has now become almost impoesible to attain exactitude and we must be content for a long time with approximations. “To sum up, wWe can compare our uni- the present moment to s swarm of gnats in perpetual agitation, or, if we prefer, to & vsr¥ nnflog‘flm- ous mass in the bosom of which billions of molecules whirl. e interval from one star to another is so formidable that collisions are extremely rare. Oc- casionally we note some. Then the con- mnhl 'vhlm devours mlflnl‘ and planet lew hours. Does fate awalt us? None of us can say.” " e death June 4, 1906, bef full terms in 1886 and 1892, defeated in 1898, and elected in 1002. He thus served more than 20 in the Upper House of Congress. On ..‘ uary 7, 1680, the night of Jani K3 of thy most atrocious murders in =: The Hirth was committed, a - Muper. . FOR. Remed p Hirth being beaten to_death by ruffian mhm"hn.;‘ Ee s This crime caused intense Inuth;m D‘.ll:flel. and created er inst lighting of the streets, by gas lamps the inadequate then illuminated of the coroner’s inquest showing that there was no policeman anywhere near at hand when the assault was made or :h:n the body of the victim ‘wlu found )y some persons passing along th street, who called loudly for pougo !o: some time in vain. Four men were soon afterward and three of them were tried and com and unhnud‘ ';o n:t“'h' though X~ ecutions take years after the mm If One 1s Bad Two Are Worse, Prom the Loulsville Tires. s @