Evening Star Newspaper, October 8, 1929, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR With Sundsy Morning Edition. WASBHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY. +October 8, 1939 THEODORE W. NOYEE....Editor The lnnlng!stn Newspaper Company Jusiness 4 1 Feogioivanie Ave. '3-'.:?" %, ’n{n&"mfig}figfllfiu urol f 14 RQ&IH' Bta Rate by Carrler Within the City. 8 Erening sy i e o s .65¢ per month a; ais Sc per copy Collection made at each month. Grders yiax be sent in by mail of telepbons NAtional 5000, Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Mai d and Virginia. 1 yr.,310.00; 1 mo.,, 88c 00 1 mo., 0.0 40C 1 $1.00 'mos, $1. 1mo., iS¢ mo. 60c Daily and Sunday..1 yr., $12.00; Qaily onty - ay only Member of the Associated Press. ‘The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all rews patches cradited to it or Rot otherwise cred- n this paper and also the local rew: published herein. All rights of publication of epecial dispatches herein are also Fireside Diplomacy. In the Senate yesterday Mr. Mac- donald struck a note not directly re- lated to the naval or peace business which brings him to Washington, but which impinges vitally on international affairs in general. The prime minister stressed the incomparable value of con- tact. He depicted it as being of the bone and sinew of friendship between peoples which are geographically widely separated. Roundly asserting, in words carefully chosen, that a “result” of his visit is “that we have come to understand each other,” Mr. Macdonald said: Ah, Senators, as long as you conduct your negotiations by correspondence over thousands of miles of sea you will never understand each other at all! In these democratic days, when speaks to heart as deep speaks to deep and silence talks to silence, personality, personal contact, exchange of views by the lip, sitting at two sides of a fire- place, as it was my great privilege to do this week end with your President— these things are to be as important as anything else in laying the foundation of an enduring peace all over the world. Visits like that with which the prime minister of Great Britain is now honor- ing the United States are part and par- cel of the new order of things, to which Mr. Macdonald has so often referred since he came here. The old order was the system of alllances and diplomatic clrcumlocution, the whole heavily tinc- tured with secrecy and intrigue. Herbert Hoover and Ramsay Macdon~ ald in Washington and in the Virginia uplands have substituted for all this what might well be christened fireside diplomacy. Before the soul-inviting and caressing calm of blazing wood grates in the White House and while the log fires purred at the Rapidan camp, the chosen leaders of the Eng- lish-speaking nations have lct “heart speak to heart.” Out of their “ex- change of views by the lip” is coming, h unless a confident America and a hope- ful Britain sorely deceive themselves, common understanding worth all the archives of diplomatic exchanges which ‘Washington and London have piled up for a century. Senators applauded on Monday when Mr. Macdonald quaintlv expressed won- der “why I have been so long in com- ing over.” They seemed to sense that the day of fireside diplomacy has come and the era of long-range diplomacy has gone. ] Base Ball’s Blue Ribbon Series. ‘Today is the day for base L:all fans, for in Chicago is being waged the first battle of the annual blue ribbon series of the national game. “Murderers’ row” of the Cubs is meeting for the first time in nineteen years the slug- ging Philadelphia Athletics, and with each team on edge the fur is bound to fly. Connie Mack, the sixty-seven-year- old leader of the American League's representatives, has waited a long time to pllot his team again in a world serles. Back in 1914 “Sleepy City” fans became bored with the winning habits of the Mackmen, and after bringing his club home in first place, Manager Mack deliberately wrecked it by selling or trading the majority of his best players. Philadelphia fans in the past fifteen years have nobly recovered from their ennui and strenuous efforts have been made by Mack to rebuild a winner. ‘This year witnesses the fruition of his dreams after crushing disappointments in the previous two years. The Phila- delphia team blasted its way early to the head of the pennant scramble and after midseason there was no doubt as o the winner. ‘The Cubs have tasted world series conflict at a later date than the Ath- letics. It was in 1918 that the team, now owned by William Wrigley, jr., last finished ahead of the procession. Since their pennant-winning days both teams have, of course, changed in personnel. Philadelphia has gathered a fast, ag- gressive team, while Chicago, with the acquisition of new players, presents & club well seasoned with youth and age. There is little to choose between the two outfits, and well played games should be witnessed by the lucky thou- sands who have secured the coveted admission tickets. May the best team winl — et It appears that Calvin Coolidge has ‘been happier since he broke away from every sort of political machine and set- tled down to his privately owned type- writer. et Great Britain’s Real Ruler. For the first time in history a prime minister of England is visiting America. Men who have been prime ministers in the past have come and gone. The 1atest of these was Arthur Balfour, who ‘headed the British delegation to the arms limitation conference of ‘1921. Now comes Ramsay MacDonald, who is the prime minister of today, virtually the reigning monarch of Great Britain. The office of prime minister in Eng- 1and has existed for a long period. Its | origin is not altogether distinct. There 18 no law for the position. It is an in- stitution rather than a statutory office. When & change in “government” is necessitated by the failure of a majority in the House of Commons to sustain the ministry, or when a general election returns the “opposition” party to power, the King summons the recognized leader of the opposition and asks him 0 Jorm & government, g%, 85 We SAY, X in this country, an administration. He does 80, having prepared his combina- tion in advance, in anticipation of this summons, In the eye of the law in England the prime minister has no more power than any other head of & governmental de- partment. He has no legal precedence over his colleagues of the ministry. But as the creator of the ministry, its as- sembler, the leader of his party which it represents, he is, of course, the domi- nant figure. He presides at the meet- ings of the “cabinet.” He proposes the policies to be pursued and supported. He takes the initiative steps, nominates to the King those who are to be chosen to vacancies in the ministry, names also persons to fill many administra- tive posts. In fact, no name for prefer- ment or honor or position is laid before the King for his approval without the knowledge and concurrence of the prime minister. Though often, indeed usually, the prime minister holds the portfolio of foreign minister he does not correspond to the Secretary of State in this coun- try. For he is at the same time the chief executive of the government in all other matters, while here the Secretary of State has no other duty than that of supervision over the foreign relations. The holding of the foreign office port- follo by the prime minister is in Eng- land a tradition as well as the logical concomitant of the role of premier. In this country there is no statutory authority for or recognition of the in- stitution which has come to be known as the cabinet. It does not exist in law. Congress has from time to time provided by legislation for certain administrative departments of government, at the head of each 6f which is an officer who is to be named by the President @nd con- firmed by the Senate. From the begin- ning these department heads have formed the President’s council. Their only recognition as & “ministry” is in- ferential, in the enactment of laws pro- viding for their assumption of the du- eart | ties of the President in the case of the death or incapacity both of President and Vice President, this succession to be in the order of the creation of the positions. There is no British statute for the succession of the prime minister in the case of his death. His party then selects that successor and proposes him to the King. In such an event, however, & general election would soon follow in natural course and the recognized or designated leader of the successful party would be prime minister of the new gov- ernment. : P Mr. Mellon to Stay. Andrew W. Mellon will remain as head of the Treasury Department throughout the remainder of President Hoover’s four-year term. Announcement of the fact that Mr. Mellon had prom- ised to continue in office until 1933 was made at the White House yester- day. The country generally is to be congratulated. The fact that it is to continue to have the services of Mr. Mellon is a matter of great importance and interest. When Mr. Mellon com- pletes his' next three-and-a-half years as Secretary of the Treasury, he will have served twelve consecutive years in that office, under three Presidents of the United States, Harding, Coolidge and Hoover. No greater tribute to his ability could be paid than a mere recitation of the accomplishments of those years—ac- complishments which have seen Gov- ernment retrenchment, reduction of Federal taxes, a very considerable re- duction in the public debt, swollen to huge proportions during the World War, and the funding of the debts of for- eign nations to the United States. Mr. Mellon has been the adviser of the Presidents under whose administrations these changes have taken place, and he has been the executive head of the department of the Government charged with the collection and payment of the Government moneys. His advice has invariably been sound. When others would perhaps have hurried the coun- try into greater slashes in Federal tax rates, Mr, Mellon has warned against too precipitate action. He has stood for & consistent reduction of the war debts. It was his advice that led to the cuts in the heavy surtaxes on big incomes, on the theory that such a policy would bring hundreds of millions of dollars into productive business instead of keep- ing it tled up in tax-free securities of the Government, States and munici- palities. The business interests of the country have come to rely upon his Jjudgment in fiscal affairs, Ever since the campaign days of last year the rumor has been recurrent that Mr. Mellon would retire from the Treas- ury Department to private life. Some of the reports had it that Mr. Mellon himself desired to go back to private life and be relieved of the burdens he has been carrying. Other reports as- serted slyly that President Hoover was at outs with his Becretary of the Treas- ury and wished him out of the cabinet. Frequently these reports have become 50 widespread in the press that both Mr. Mellon and President Hoover have denied that the former planned to re- tire. During the last few days the re- ports have been even more persistent than usual. A successor to Mr. Mellon has frequently been “picked” in these reports. The statement which emanated from the White House may have the effect of laying permanently the ghost of the Mellon retirement story. It is to be hoped. 0 e ‘Many Wall Street speculators know little about the actual values behind the stocks they are playing. They depend on luck to take the place of sclentific financial study—a study vhich would probably prevent them from playing the market at all, except possibly along with large and authoritative capital, The Cars of Yesteryear. Conferences are being held between Queensborough officials and motor eagents to the end of devising & tem of effectively disposing doned cars, to prevent them coming & public nuisance. It that through co-operation a be provided at which may be “treated” metal parts, the salt the worthless remainder This is & definite tackling of & prob- lem that has bothered municipal su- thorities all over this country. The American landscape is cluttered and de- faced with wrecked and abandoned cars. Almost every small town is marked in the outskirts by a “dump,” where the ruins of once S f3y i ¥ : q,f " ks aegzi H H THE flivvers and better types of motor trans- port have been thrown, to rust slowly away. Enduring in active service as they have been, the abandoned cars are positively perennial in their desertion. There is no end to them. Seasons pass without causing the least discernible difference in their aspect. Children play with them without hastening their final col- lapse. The anows of Winter cover them and they emerge in the Spring with no appreciable change of con- tour. In earlier times the bones of horses and cattle marked the trails across the prairies and mountain ranges of the West, grim relics of the hardships and THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL, Does the individual taste for fiction change with the years? Short stories, we belleve, are young mh'l fiction; novels are more likely the entertainment of middle age. ‘Time brings most readers from senti- ment to reality and works a somewhat similar revolution in regard to short story and novel. i ese revolutions of taste have no exact boundaries. A reader may never outgrow his liking for a sho story; & young man or woman may have a decided preference for longer tragedies of the great American trek. | fiction. Today the “bones” of old motor cars mark the same area and other sections as well, souvenirs of the progression of family circumstances, the irreducible minimum of remainder of adventures in rapid transit, ‘Whether or not there is any value in the old wreck, it should be disposed of as & measure of good housekeeping. The thoughtful housewife does not allow her old griddles and dishpans to clutter up the back yard, though some fail in this matter of orderly conduct. To haul an old machine out to the “dump” and there abandon it is an act of heartless indifference. There should be some regard for the faithful service rendered in the days when the machine would “go” if only given fuel. Honor- able interment should be possible. Let there be some system about this matter, & definite obligation on the part of the last owner of the machine to haul it to a place of cremation, without regard for the possibility of monetary return. Even though there may linger some faint hope of getting the old car into action once more or of finding & buyer for the junk, a time limit should be put upon its retention in idleness, and its final abandonment without regard for public appearances should be rated by the law as an offense agalnst community morals, —_————— ‘Turkeys from Argentina will be carved in state at banquets where Mac- donald sits. It might be wished that the premier could, for the sake of variety, reserve a place for a plain U. 8. Thanksgiving dinner, with oyster stufing and a section of mince ple for dessert. —_———— Clemenceau, still sturdy and aggres- sive, confides to print his bellef that he is not long for this world. As a man accustomed to candor in facing human probabilities, he has doubtless been thinking something like that for years. — . Every conference that gives promise of another conference later on is re- garded as & hopeful and praiseworthy attainment. ——ee e British satirist points out that the U. 8. reception committees here went further than necessary in ordering the bands to play “Rule Britannia.” Mr. Charles Dawes is the highly accredited musician in American public life. He is engaged in service abroad which pre- vents him from exercising what might be & valuable critical supervision. —_— e A fishing trip is a genuine executive session. Nobody ventures to talk about how many fish were actually caught. —_—————————— There are still lobbyists. Thanks to prohibition they do not enjoy, as in the old days, the co-operation of the wicked wine agent. ———ree—————— ‘Washington, D. C., has a fine climate. But it is no health resort for Albert Fall. ——t— A “stunt” fiyer is not a good publicity man for the manufacturer who hopes that every citizen will want to own his own plane. He suggests the perils of a new kind of rodeo. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. The Ziguag Way. Sometimes the road we choose is right— Sometimes the road is wrong. We strike & curve at & hilltop height As we keep zigzagging along. We know some hastening ambulance For us will sound the gong. But we have to travel and take a chance As we keep zigzagging along. Old Satan views mankind with wrath And his laughter will grow strong When we lose the stralt and narrow path And go zigzagging along. Survival. . “Many people regard you as an au- thority?” “It's a mistake,” answered Senator Sorghum. “I attribute my survival to & willingness to take instructions from each political boss, so long as he lasts.” Jud Tunkins says he admires an avia- tor, but hates to see him cutting up, same a5 & boy used to do on a bicycle. Melancholy Days. The melancholy days are here ‘When Congress says in tone severe, “Vacation time at last is o'er— We must Investigate Some More.” Premeditated Prominence. “Who 1s going to occupy the place of honor at the banquet?” “1 ghall,” answered Miss Cayenne. “At least I shall start enough social contro- versy to make my position the center of fame.” “No man,” sald Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “can attain enough wealth to compensate him for the wearisome fate of being idle.” Food for Statesmen. In spite of all the banquet rare, Pit for an emperor’s wishing, They donned their roughest togs with care And said, “We're going fishing!” “Don't look for sympathy,” said Unole Personal taste changes merely in re- lation to what may be termed the larger liking. Perhaps a better way to put it would be to say that the para- mount enthusiasm changes for better or_worse. The reader who finds most excellent diversion in his reading necessarily has individual preferences, which are marked by intense enthusiasms. As a boy he preferred history to any other reading, or it may have been poetry. The essay form attracts another. For the time being all other writings are minor, in so far as the particular reader is concerned. He cannot get too much poetry, history, essay. He revels in what he likes. * ok ok % ‘Time, which is nothing more than rience, looked at one way, does sly gs to the human spirit. Its effect may be recognized by the killing of one enthusiasm and the sub- stitution of another therefor. In no sphere of life does this show more than in the artistic. Here the amateur vies with the professional. We have always wondered why such a hue and cry was made about the profes- sional in sports, when in artistic mat- ters he is regarded Without spleen. The taking of money for art does not vitiate a man's standing, whereas in physical fields, where brawn combines well with lucre, the acceptance is regurded as somehow wrong. FPerhaps in matters of competition the world cannot free itself from the belief that pay may be made—and accepted—for & variety of purposes, whereas in art it will surely be for the best that the professor can do. ‘The killing of one enthusiasm in reading, and the acquisition of another, brought about through the action of time, which slides along upon silent feet, comes not in a day or an hour or a year, but occurs so imperceptibly that the victim, if such he is, is scarcely aware of it. ‘Tell a former lover of poetry that he does not care for it any more, he most likely will dispute heatedly with you about the matter. The change has come so subtly that he i1s not aware of it. Go to his bookcases, however, and look for new volumes of poetry. Point out to him—if you dare—that he has not purchased one since he left college. He venerates poetry, would die in its defense, but both the veneration and the willingness to defend it are theo- retical. The actuality of verse has ceased to exist for him. So we find thousands of men who praise Longfellow, but do not read him, Just as there are perhaps hundreds of thousands of Americans, brought up on the tradition of Dickens, who loyally believe they like his books, but who have turned away to the actual reading of the master French fictionists. This is what it means to change one's read- ing enthusiasm, to become enamored of new ways in books, to attempt to hold fast to the old when all the time whole shelves of books have sunk away from | beneath one's literary feet. * ok ok % ‘There is nothing to be sorry for in this. It is life, and the world of men knows nothing greater, as witness the hopes of humanity, which place the crown of achievement in life eternal. Life does strange things to men, and ex rt | We are not lakes, EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. O, TUESDAY, OCTOBER: 8, 1929. A PREFACE TO MORALS. Wal- ter Lippmann. The Macmillan Co. And is it all “preface,” the entire Vie | volume? Every bit of it. Where, then, ish, Change in reading preferences comes about because no one can stand still, any more than a stream of water can. without outlet, but rivers which flow along. We are springs of water, clear or turbid, depending on ourselves and factors outside ourselves, some of which we can control and some m they represer. the ti spring remains something the same, but the scenery changes more. As one grows older he finds more sat- isfaction in the long story than in the short one, because the latter more nearly presents a pattern of the life which he has led. The trouble with the short story is that it is too short. How- ever perfect it may be, the reader is no sooner than he is ended. He has got but & gasp of air, when the ;.;I%fler 1s clapped down ruthlessly—The ‘The marvel has always been that lit- erary art has 'been able to create reality with the short story. He who recalls his first acquaintance with the master- pleces of , or Hawthorne, or O. Henry, or who has read the best work of such modern story tellers as Ring Lardner, Edna Ferber or Scott Fitz- gerald, knows that their work was all the more marvelous because it was so condensed. A determined man may write a novel, and a good one, through sheer determination, but no man yet wrote & masterplece in the short story line by simply resolving to do so. * k% % ‘The novel gives a closer approxima- tion of life than the short story, not being so dependent upon genius for its proper presentation. This, too, is like life. ‘There are few geniuses in the world at any one time, but many men who can live righteous, decent lives, filled with hongst effort. These people too often are sneered at, when all the time they furnish the solid background for the spectacular twistings and turn- ings of tite wisecrackers and thelir ilk. ‘The very.length of the long fiction form makes it the preferred reading of the older man. Youth wants quick re- sults, sees the finish before the begin- ni has been reached, but maturity knows that there is nothing more sure the necessity for continued effort, and even then success may not be sure. ‘The short story wears on its brow the imprint of youth; it is read mostly by those who are young and those who cling desperately to their youth. The wise man or woman lets youth go as E:celull as possible, since go it will, pite most earnest pleadings. He takes to longer fiction, in his reading, sure that this carries the insignia of life, experience and growth. It better satisfles the little growth and experi- ence which he may claim for his own life. It is truer to the facts of life, as he has met them, too often at his cost. It gives, in many l:gs, & sense of du- rability which no { effort can_pro- duce. It creates & mood for & brain which no longer “snaps into it.” America represents the youth of the race, Europe the maturity and old age. Perhaps this is why the longer fiction masterpleces of foreigners, as we call them, seem more suffused with life than the best work of our compatriots. It may explain, too, why the short lwg hunutg:ayednlun-mtm reading habits, They are descend- ants of Helen of Troy, and have gone through, as peoples, the telling of tales from poetry of the Illad to the latest work of their mnovelists. It is & point of view ¢ ‘understood any individual no longer young. Farm Board Head Receives Much Public “I don’t believe the American farmer wants charity or a handout. * * * We are trying to handle this money with a reasonable measure of safety. As long as I am a member of the board that will be my purpose. I do not want to be confirmed under any impression that any other policy will be followed.” These words, spoken by Mr. Alexander Legge, chairman of the Federal Farm Board, before the Senate agriculture committee, questioning him as to Farm Board accomplishments and procedure, prior to confirming his appointment as head of that body, have aroused couxn- try-wide approval and some impatience is‘expressed with the senatorial quizzing of Mr. Lelge. Of this frank statement, the Newark Evening News says: “This is & policy that will appeal to the country. It is the policy that will make Federal farm relief effective. It is the policy all sound farming interests will approve.” The Rockford Morning Star considers the stand taken by Mr. e “Is sen- sible and logical, and probably will point the way to real and sufficiently prompt rellef for agriculture without the ex- penditure of thousands of dollars in a needless way.” In the opinion of the Muncie Morning Star, “this refusal of the Farm Board to engage in a feverish activity of ill-considered loans out of funds raised from the taxpayers of th country will win wides; a val.” Although recognizing the merit of the system by which presidential appointees must be confirmed by the Senate, the Sioux City Tribune believes that “in the absence of formal charges against appointees, or the absence of serious implications against their fitness, per- sons under consideration should be treated with ordinary courtesy.” This paper contends that “no sound reasons existed, whatever, for subjectis the Farm Board members to & school by the Senate agricultural com- mittee.” The San Francisco Chronicle says: open for & dignified inquiry into the mmas or the possible disqualifications of nominees to posts of honor and im- portance. But it is outrageous to turn such inquirles into inquisitions,” to put the appointee “under a barrage of viclous cross-examination and innuendo and generally make a Roman holiday of the proceedings,” declares this paper, as it points out the serious injury done the Nation, since “the men who shrink from such a needless ordeal are the very type of men the public service needs. In similar vein speaks the Saginaw Daily News, which regrets that reports would seem to indicate the committee lged in “nagging tactics™ in its questioning of Mr. Legge, rather than making “a fair and reasonable lmmp‘t ”y the statement of the Green Bay Press-Gazette, while the Grand Rapids Press asserts that “be- tween th: ::jecu of this m\;p &;l:n’; ators and the purposes of A all the difference between politics and ogress.” The Sioux Falls Daily Argus- ler thinks that “if these Senators liberations, they would co-opera th the board instead of fighting it,” and Commendation Board to date is voiced by the New York Sun in its comment that “the distinguishing characteristics of the work the board has done, so far, are its freedom from false pretense and its conformity to a consistent policy in which politics has had no part. Mr. Legge and his colleagues have so far lived up to their advance notices as business men,” claims the Si From its , the t Dally Journal concludes that “agriculture is not to be coddled; it is to pe placed on a sound businessifke basi$ so that it can take care of itself.” The Provi- dence Journal believes that “within the range of free action permitted by the farm statute, Chairman Legge intends to be as rigorous in the exercise of his business judgment and common sense as )‘x;'ould be if the farm relief or- this paper considers that “the farmers of the Nation will be wise it take view t they are ex- tremely fortunate to have a man with this attitude direct the relief program.” ‘The New York Evening Post finds cause for satisfaction in the independ- tc the Middie Ages, th ence shown by Mr. Legge, seeing in him “a spirit which is highly desirable in a man upon whom a heavy pressure will be brought in favor of unsound m?ll:tum in the sacred reliet.” ‘That the Farm Board wants to make “better conditions permanent, thus giv- ing the farmer a chance to get back on his feet and into an economic state that is comparable with his brothers in essential industry,” is the opinion of the Lancaster Daily Intelligencer. ‘The Buffalo Evening News says that “self-dependence means for the cultural population stable prosperity resting on its own efforts,” while “subsi- name of farm m | dies mean a continual need for the who . board should be permitted to ceed slowly but surely by the Ame: public, with the confidence that this careful building of & foundation for future activities is the method best calculated to bring about a permanent improvement in the farmer's fortunes.” $4,750,000,000 Spent On World War Veterans From the Portland Oregon Journal. To date, the people of the United States have spent $4,750,000,000 in the care of veterans of the World War. In- surance for veterans now in force totals more than $83,000,000,000. During one month of this year more than 71,000 veterans were receiving treatment in hospitals. Approximately 180,000 more were in vocational train- ing work. It is highly proper that the people of this country should have spent the nearly $5,000,000,000 that has already been expended in.care of the veterans. kind of politicians them.” ‘The ro- s the book upon which this long fore- word fronts? Why, I myself make the book. You yourself make it. That is, 1f, after keeping steadfast and attentive company with Walter Lippmann in the preparatory investigation which “A Preface to Morals” projects, I find my- self identified with its lines of fact and ] mu“m way. For also to do Just & word. Outside the pulpit he who approaches questions of morality becomes frequently an object of suspi- clon, often of curt dismissal. A skeptic, more than likely; an agnostic, maybe; just possibly & clear athelst or other of the dangerous tribe, trouble-makers all, in the domain of spiritual sanctities and securities. Just & word. “A Preface to Morals"” is throughout of deeply reverent spirit. It is entirely and stanchly orthodox in :Ig:uude. But not dogmatic. Never A safe book, therefore, as well as an awakening one for those included within its sphere of research and dis- cussion. And what is this sphere? It is the immense fleld of modern inde- cision and confusion pressing upon human ideals and behaviors. Not so much of spiritual rebellion as it is often declared to be. Rather is it daze and bewilderment. So many loyalties. So many moralities. What am I doing? Where am I going? I've missed the road, lost my chart. I'm a leaf hustled by wanton and heedless winds. I'm a shred of flotsam tossed by driven tides. To be lost is not to rush recklessly ahead into even deeper obscurities. Rather is it to turn backward in an anxious search for the highway so care- lessly deserted for paths of increasing impasse, for the faint trails of many vagrant feet, * ok k% It is that immemorial highway of :Plrlmll experience reflected progres- vely in the common life to which Mr. Lippmann gives deep attention. Rocky and difficult of passage as the long road 8o often is, nevertheless it marks the course of man’s highest endeavor in the ast, of his clearest promise for the uture. To simplify the seemingly com- rlex, to clarify confusions and obscur- ities—such is the purpose in bringing together here that past and the present. To demonstrate through such union that the old spiritual needs still exist, that the tried ways of serving these needs are, in the main, the very ways upon which a more intelligible future must depend, a broader future & more useful one. * ok ok X i A word about the author of this book | as the study itself presents him. A student, patient and indefatigable. A reader of sources, many and diverse. A waywise logician. A practical scholar who makes use of history to light up the present, to forecast a believable future. A vigorous man, in his way with words, making these pay their way abundantly at every point. From his own stand- mgfl;mund. & convincing man. Cer- tal a most readable writer. * ok ok % In substance, the study summarizes the spiritual inheritance of Christianity, chief agency of western civilization, to- gether with such changes in the spirit- ual outlook as the progress of events from time to time appears to have pro- duced. Standing a little away I:-um the discussion, one sees clearly the st of its advance—the church of e protest of Luther and its sequences, the advent of science and its immediate effects, the expansion of the economic life in new directions and in novel applications. Such, it seems to me, are the stepping stones by way of which modern man has reached his present perplexities, his present outlook upon what to many ap- | pears to be a future strangely, dangerously, unmindful of the sanctities and securities of the spiritual bequeath- ment of the past. Immediately we are reminded by this writer that, stupendous as the chan have been, man = self has rei ed much the same. Man without God is inconceivable. It is from this world-wide imperative that Mr. Lippmann views the present, not as an a}e of irreligion. Rather as an age of spiritual pioneering born of the sud- den expansions and vast liberations of modern life, an honest and earnest seek- ing for the true way. Comparable, in & sense, is this age of questing souls, ardent and outfaring, to the great periods of material discovery—the Elizabethan age, the days of our own settlement of America, the present of Arctic and Antarctic explorations, of laying hold upon the sky itself as man’s proper domain, to be mapped for use- fulness, to be traversed as a common highway. Astounding age! No wonder, as this writer makes clear, that even spiritual values - are tried by way of these amazing achievements. For, to be sure, these marvels of material prog- ress affect the thinkings of man, modify his ideals, reconstruct his philosophy of travel from eternity to eternity— no, not irreligion, according to Walter Lippmann. Instead, it is the invincible urge of the human to prove to all, and Values of the Bast, SoHing from & eoiee s e past, m & source that is inexhaustible mg“‘ fficacy to meet any age, any day. To be sure, upon the surface there are many seeming contradictions and confusions. These are in the churches, in education, in industry, in the social whole of whatever pattern and purpose. Yet, in a plain way and with the ac- tualities of existence in hand, this writer emphasizes the superficial char- acter of these multiform disagreements. Underneath all, the human is un- ?uenchlble in his ardor for spiritual foundations and support. Among the multitudinous divergences of the ex- ternal life there must be—there is—the common ideal of rightness by way of Wwhich civilizations endure and advance. The ways to this ideal are many. No longer does it serve to say, “Well, but you must go my way.” Each individual chooses his own right way to fulfill himself in the scheme of which he is 80 clearly a part. And finally toward the end of this deeply considerable study—Ilet us have Mr. Lip n hi self speak: “The choice is at last & personal one. ‘The decision is rendered not by argument, but by feeling. * ¢ * If the argument in these papers is sound,” then denied prescribed ac- ceptances by the circumstances of his own life, then one may turn to the ideals.of human personality as a guide upon which to shape his own life. “The ideal way of life for men who must make their own terms with ex- and again. is that only the regenerate, the dis- interested, the mature, can make use of freedom. This is the central insight of the teachers of wisdom. We can see now, I think, that it is also the mark at which the modern study of human nature ts. We can see, too, that it s the pattern of successful ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. mAny reader can the answer to y by writing to our Infor- mation Bureau in Wi , D, C. This offer applies strictly to informa- tion. The bureau cannot give advice on legal, medical and financial matters. It does not attempt to settle domestic troubles ,nor undertake exhaustive re- search on any subject. Write your question plainly and briefly. Give full name and address and inclose 2 cents in coin or stamps for return postage. ‘The reply is sent direct to the inquirer. Address The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, director, Washington, D. C. Q. Is wrestling permitted in box- ing?—E. C. C. A. Tt is not permitted. As late as the eighteenth and first half of the nineteenth centuries, wrestling formed an important part of boxing contests. Q. How does the meat packing in- dustry of Europe compare with that of the United States?—C. 8. A. The meat packing industry in Europe is not comparable with that in this country. ‘There is no big .cen- ters—that is, the industry is decentral- d. The number of cattle killed in the United States in 1928 was estimated to be 21,000,000 head. The number in Europe was: Germany, 8,000,000 head; Prance, 5,600,000 head; Great Britain, 3,500,000; Netherlands, 1,000,000. The number of hogs killed in 1928 was: United States, 176,500,000; Germany, 23,700,000; Great Britain, 6,700,000; France, 6,500,000; Denmark, 5,300,000. ‘The industry in Denmark is the near- est approach in centralized slaughtering to that of America due to its large export business in bacon. Gej How old is Arthur Brisbane?— ‘A. He was born December 12, 1864, 50 will be 65 upon his next birthday. Q. How much does & liver weigh when ths Strasbourg geese are killed?—H. F. C. A. In Strasbourg where this industry is most important the geese are con- fined in small dark cages so that they can move only & few inches. They are fed two or three times a day common- ly with all the ground maize or wheat flour paste they can be made to eat. At the end of about three weeks when they are very fat they are killed. The liver usually weighs from 2% to 3 pounds. Q. Was Henry VIII married when he ascended the throne?—N. T. A. He married Catherine of Aragon after his father’s death, but before he was crowned. Catherine was the widow of Henry's older brother, Arthur. Q. In Longfellow’s day, what was the {Raahlonnble dinner hour in Boston?— . A. D. A. Tt was served about 2 o'clock. Q. Who discovered sex differences in plants?—D. E. A. Camerarjus is credited with the discovery of sexuality in plants in the last years of the seventeenth century. Q. How wide is the Bosporus?—G. L. A. Its width varies from about 1,800 feet at its middle section to about 2 miles near its northern end. It is 18 miles long and over 100 feet deep, The currents are swift and dangerous. Q. When does a midshipman get his first leave of absence?—R. M. G. A. A midshipmen is entitled to a leave of absence after hé has been in the service for one year and completed his first cruise. Q. What is the average depreciation for frame dwellings as compared with brick?—M. A. A. A survey shows an average depre- ciation for frame dwellings of 1.73 com- pared with 1.26 for brick. In dollars and cents the agtual amount of money loss is about the same, due to higher cost of the brick dwelling. Q. Where should blackboards be placed in a schoolroom?—D. R. A. They should be on the front wall and the wall to the right. The rear of the room should be free from black- boards and they should never be placed between windows. Q. Has a skilled agriculturist a bet- ter chance of being admitted to this country than the average immigrant? —S. H. H. A. He may be classed as a preferred quota immigrant. He should present his credentials to the American consul to whom he applies for his vise. Q. How many handkerchiefs are manufactured yearly in the United | States?>—T. S. A. About 40,000,000 dozen are manu- factured in this country. Q. What country holds the honor of having the ship that has made the speed Er:c}?rd from Europe to America? A Germany has just taken the honor. The Bremen on her malden voyage broke all records. Q. Where was the first parquet floor lald in America?—W. T. A. The first parquet floor in America was laid in Monticello, the home of ‘Thomas Jefferson at Charlottesville, Va. Q. How long has American Educae tion week been observed?—F. T. A. American Education week will be observed November 11-17 and will be the ninth annual period devoted to this purpose. Health, citizenship, the home and various phases of education will be stressed. Q. How long have cars been in use with front-wheel drive?—J. M. D. A. While front drive is & most radi- cal departure from the conventional design of automobiles built for general use, racing automobiles which secure their traction through the front and not the rear wheels have been in use on race tracks for the past five years. Sev= eral world speed records were made by drivers of front-wheel-drive racing cars. Q. Who founded the Eastern Star?— P.W. ‘A Rob Morris founded the organi- zation known as the Eastern Star. P | BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS. There has been no such significant event in Congress since the declaration | of the United States’ entry into the ‘Warld War as that of yesterday, when the prime minister of the only nation with which we have ever fought two wars stood, the House of Rep- resentatives and then before the Senate, and spoke words of peace and mutual understanding. In the face of the deep meaning of the occasion, and what it may bring forth in influence upon the future ac- cord of the two nations, it was unfor- tunate that only about half of the members of the House were in the city, owing to the peculiar situation in which q | the House is merely marking time while the Senate is catching up in considera- tion of the tariff bill. ‘There was speculation, too, over the | absence of the Speaker and wonder- ment as to whether it had anythin to do with the formidable question of social precedence of the ladies in the official cast at White House functions, in which the sister of one official claims to outrank the wife of another. Em- pires have been swayed before by the tilt of a nose or the winking of mi- lady’s off eye, but in this age of pure democracy, when even England con- cedes that “all men are created equal 0's & woman “for Crest rire! * ok ok x Prime Minister Macdonald was re- ceived with utmost cordiality in both branches of Congress. In the House Temarks were most informal, ex- pressing nothing of a political nature, but acknowledging courteously the kind reception he had received on alf of his country. But when he s before the Senate, where every seat was oc- cupied by & member of that august body which ratifies or rejects all treaties with foreign nations, he touched eloquently and earnestly upon the de- sire for a better understanding than had ever existed between the two na- tions there represented. ‘Thre were no oratorical bursts of elo- quence to appeal to popular applause, but & serious appeal to the mutual:de- sire for heart-to-heart comprehension, possible only through personal contact. He brushed aside the old idea of di- plomacy, that when two nations talked together it must mean unfriendliness toward other nations, and averred that, on the contrary, when two strong na- tions talked together and sought to wipe out all differences of opinion or judg- ment it meant much toward the peace of the world anl was a blessing, in- stead of a menace, to all other nations. The world peace is growing more and more secure, and the possibility of ever again a clash of war between the United States and Gre:t Erl:.{d.g 1s unthinkable. While Prime Minister Macdonald made no reference to Monsleur Briand’s Ehmm of a United States of Europe, e idea is closely associated with the {emns ther of Great Britain and he Unil States. There is not pro- Kud any alliance between the two. glish-speaking nations, but their har- ‘monijous mutual understanding, it is ar- gued, will affect the action of a united Europe—stimulating it and tempering any udltclzl attitude antagonistic to other nations. Neither did he refer in the remotest degree to the alleged, and seemingly fantastic, notion that, as there is no British armament nor United States rarufl:nuon nogg the Clnldtlr:' bmmwhe rg- ary, there ma an “rwmen - b;y Great Br{uln would withdraw all defenses of her holdings in the Carib- bean Sea, and intrust to the United States a mandate to fortify and protect all British holdings in the Western Hemisphere. The alleged glorified Mon- roe Doctrine did not seem likely to take form, even with all the halo of hos- pitality toward the British prime min- sometimes, and a’ that. conduct in the most advanced phases | ister. of the develo] tion, e ideal, but its confirmation and its practical DS et To taks aesiousiy wEag its great- al e sel Wl est te: ldd’ d since all ent of modern civiliga- then, is an old one, | Mr. It appeared quite possible that both 3 mdunlldq and President Hoover would still keep their feet on solid ground, even in their campfire cogita- tions. There will' be no alliance pro- posed, nor any mandate over British possessions in the Western Hemisphere. EE RN It is always interesting to speculate about the dream of the French states- man, M. Briand, joint inventor of the Kellogg-] peace ?fl abolishing ¢ | and outlawing war, for M. Briand “looks into the future,” even as did Tennyson, in which the profit has to a d of e fitabl and he sees not merely nations warring above the clouds, but all nations of Eu- rope, like the 48 States of the Western Hemisphere, united in one great re- public. That does not include the British Empire, but only the nations of Conti- nental Europe—that hotbed of inter- national wars, sometimes designated as “the Balkans of the world.” There are so many elements of race, language and history, which must be first reconciled with each other, before Europe could unite, that the project seems at once impossible and inconceiv- able. Yet M. Briand belfeves in its prac- ticability, and he is no tyro nor vis- ionary. * ok % In some respects the Pan-Europe project resembles merely the Pan- American Union_rather “more closely g | than it does the United States Republic, although M. Briand has spoken of it as a proposed republic putting all Europe under one republican organization or government. Just how it will differ in aims and powers from the League of Nations is not apparent, except that its territory will be limited to Continental Europe and not include certain Ameri- can nations nor those of Asia or Africa. Thus writes Count Coudenhove- Kalergi: “This. development is clearly shown by the ever-increasing collaboration of the big powers and by the many pacts, conventions and treaties contracted and signed by the different European states.” That may be an optimistic exagger~ ation, for when has there not been diplomatic activity between the rival states of Europe inarranging the bal- ancing of powers and alliances? ‘The count continues: “The activity of the League of Na- tions is entirely European, and the meetings of the League of Nations be- come gatherings of a European parlia- ment, through the presence of all the foreign ministers and secretaries of the states of Europe.” That, on its face, seems no argument for & new Pan-European organization, if the League of Nations already has become just that, but the count adds: “At the same time the consclence for a united Europe grows, the feeling for European unification becomes & his- torical necessity, strengthened by the conviction of a close spiritual relation- ship between the European nations and their culture, which is threatened by the danger of Bolshevism on the one side and of Americanism on the other. The columns of all European papers are full of the Bolshevistic plague, as well as the slavehood into which Europe comes through the invasion of Ameri- can capital. * * * Thus the union of Europe in & political, cultural and economical unity becomes more and more evident.” If Europe is jealous of the invest- ment of American capital in developing her resources and employing her idle and suffering labor, why does she not raise tariff walls against American capital? Perhaps that capital would then find profitable investment at home. Does it aid American prosperity to build up a formidable competition abroad with American money? ‘The count further argues that Pan- Europe will not include the British Em- pire, but that the future world will be divided between Pan-Europe, Pan- America and the British Empire, with all the rival nations of the cantinen: forgetting their ancient mutual preju- dices and hatreds and uniting in com- petition with the other two units of the world. And now, if Prime Minister Macdonald and President Hoover suc- ceed in uniting the activities of Amer- ica and Great Britain, it is of para- mount importance that France and Germany, Italy and Soviet Russia, Hol- land, Belgium and the Balkans, like so many lions and lambs, lie down to- gether and rise up to call each other blessed. He even remembers that Japan should not be left out in the cold, but should be “forced to head a hegemony of the colored races against the whites”—which proposal will be taken by Japan as a direct insult, for she aims to rate with Occidental civiliza- tion rather than with the ‘“colored races of the Orient.” Her pride is that she is so progressive she is more Occi- dental than Oriental. It is even g with which some statesmen seize upon M. Briand's original idea of a Pan- Europe and enlarge it into a fantastic dividing up of all the worl h “security of peace through pow hrough the new globe-encircling Pax Romana, which eouid assure peace until the progress of technique would make war absurd and the progress of ethics would make war fmpossible.” "‘Ol such stuff as dreams are made of”