Evening Star Newspaper, July 10, 1929, Page 8

8 E EVENING With Sunday Morning E WASHINGTON, D. C. STAR tion. good ground for suspecting that certain things were lacking and other things left undone. Deplorable as the loss of the British EDNESDAY. .....July 10, 1920 | H-47 is, these “casualties of service” EODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor e Evening Star Newspaper Company ‘Business Office: 11th St. and Pennsyivania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd Bt. icago Office: Lake Michigan Bullding. opean Ofice:, 14 Regent 8t., London, Enslan r month .60c per month T 5¢ per month 2 5c per copy e each month. by mall or {elephone ithin the City. 5¢ per ! a (when 4 Sunda. he Evening and Sunda un y3) - Sunday Sta! y3). at ih rs mav be sent in tional 5000. Rate by Mall—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Pally lfl‘l Sund: 1 vr.. $10.00: 1 Binday onty R All Other States and Canada. fly and Sunday..l yr.$12.00; 1 me it 1yr., $8.00; 1 o 1 S0c 1 mo.. 40c $1.00 b Member of the Associated Press. The Assoclated Press is exclusively er.titled o the use for republication of all ) ews dis- atches credited to It or not otherwise cred- fled in this paper and also the local news ublished herein. All rights of publication of pecial dispatches herein are also reserved. Real Meaning of Farm Relief. Charles C. Teague of California, the ific Coast representative on the new deral Farm Board, utters a timely ord on the eve of starting for Wash- ngton. He reminds the country that he agricultural marketing act should be considered simply as emergency leg- Jation. Its design is to “help agricul- ure temporarily over the rough spots.” n other words, the law under which e Farm Board is about to function s not devised to be “a panacea or cure- 1l for the ills of agriculture.” Undoubtedly that was not the pur- bose of Congress in making generous brovision, on President Hoover’s recom- ndation, for the distressed American arming community. Congress and the INation at large recognized the pro- priety and desirability of affording the erican farmer that aid for which Jhe has stood in sore need since the onclusion of the war. But there was Ino intention to stabilize the farmer’s dependence upon the Treasury. The tablishment of a revolving fund of 00,000,000, of which $150,000,000 is o be made immediately available for he benefit of this year's crops, is & Jproperly determined attempt upon the jpart of the Government to rescue a ic industry which has languished ver since its post-war deflation set in. But the farm relief law is not a perma- hent Christmas tree. It is the Nation's hope and its xpectation that the marketing act will nable agriculture, in Mr. Teague’s lan- ge, “to work out its fundamental Joroblems on a basis not requiring con- inued financial assistance from the Government.” Anything else would be system tantamount to pauperization of jculture. The problems which the |American farmer has to solve if his Ineed for Treasury aid on impending lines is not to become chronic are Inumerous and serious, but not insur- mountable. He must go in for diversification of erops. He must abandon his age-old [habit of buying more land than he can Jprofitably till. He must avoid surplus g, as well as ownership of superfiu- ous acrea; He must identify himself jin increasing degree with the co-oper- ative marketing movemerft. He must mulate the merchant and the manu- facturer in scientific study of market conditions. He must adjust himself |systematically to them and to their fluctuations, as other business men do. A wise and prosperous Uncle Sam has stepped into the breach with his great financial resources and said to the horny-handed sons of the sofl that as| Rome was not built in a day, agricul- ture cannot normalize itself overnight. It will take time. While the recon- struction process is under way the Gov- ernment stands by with material aid in the shape of money and with aux- {liary machinery in the form of the Federal Farm Board. That much having been provided, the rest is up to agriculture itself. It is not an infant industry and it must not expect in- definitely governmental assistance. God helps him who helps himself (runs a homespun proverb), including the farmer. cm———_ Aviation tempts intrepid genius. Lindbergh continues to set the mark of simple and conscientious endeavor. - ! The Perilous Submarine. | American memory of the S-4 disaster off the coast of Provincetown in Decem- ber, 1927, with a loss of forty men, is "mu fresh enough to impel people in this country to sympathize keenly with | the British in the catastrophe that has just overtaken one of their own sub- marine fleet. Apparently all hope has been abandoned of saving any of the twenty-one men aboard the H-47, which sank west of Fishguard yesterday morning. ‘There is & curious resemblance be- tween the latest American and British submarine tragedies. Our S-4 came in collision, when rising fo the surface, with the United States Coast Guard destroyer, Paulding, and _sank in 101 feet of water. The British submarine was sent to the bottom after have one undoubted value: They tend to incite professional sallors to bend their efforts unceasingly in the direc- tion of reducing the perils of the sub- marine to the lowest minimum which scientific ingenuity can devise. More IB-l and H-47 incidents are bound to whet the demand for a world agreement to banish from the seas altogether a weapon that earned such detestation in the World War. R A Vast Difference. Aviation accomplishment takes a prominent place in the day's news. Roger Q. Williams and Capt. Lewis Yancey spanned the Atlantic in their single-motored land plane and L. W. Mendell and R. B. Reinhart created a new endurance record for refueled ships by passing the one-hundred-and-seven- ty-fourth-hour mark set up & short time ago by Roy L. Mitchell and Byron K. Newcomb and at lalest reports are still aloft with a goal of three hundred hours. Williams and Yancey started out from Old Orchard, Me, with the announced intention of completing a non-stop fight to Rome. They were forced to descend far short of their des- tination because their gasoline supply was exhausted. Mendell and Reinhart, commercial aviators, were ambitious to break the endurance record. They suc- ceeded and are going on to still greater laurels. ‘The vast difference in scientific knowl- edge accruing from these two flights is obvious. The Rome-bound plane proved nothing except that continued smiles from Lady Luck, skiliful navigation and a functioning motor will keep an over- loaded ship in the air long enough to cross the ocean wastes. Two planes within the past month have flown the Atlantic. Neither of them has reached its destination. Lack of fuel brought them both to earth, despite the fact i that when they left the American coast they were loaded almost to the break- ing point with gasoline. That they ar- rived safely on the European continent is & matter of congratulation for per- sonal courage, but from a scientiic standpoint nothing has been gained. Lindbergh made the only perfect fiight across the Atlantic. He left New York for Paris and reached there on sched- uled time. He proved it could be done and at the same time proved that noth- ing could be gained by doing it again. How different are the attempts to break the endurance record! Safe, sane and practical and of enormous scien- tific value, each attempt, whether a success or & failure, adds to man’s knowledge of the art of flying. What better way can there be of testing the life of & motor than under actual flying conditions? Starting at five days with the Army plane, the Question Mark, the record has been successfully jumped to eight days at the present time. The Question Mark was forced to earth be- cause of motor trouble. The record- holders since then have proved that | this particular breakage can be over- come. A distinct gain! If the present holders of the record come down be- cause of engine trouble it will be easy to determine just what caused the failure and to guard against it in the future. The beauty of the endurance test is that heretofore obscure flyers are win- ning their way to national fame, even if only for a moment. While no credit can be taken from the men who pass weary hours in the air to establish a new record, it is the plane and the motor that are being put through the acid test even more than the human beings. This fact increases confidence in aviation a hundredfold. That engine builders have succeeded in constructing motors that will run continuously for seven, eight, nine or ten days, that plane-builders have succeeded in con- structing ships that will withstand the elements and the stresses and strains of vibration for that length of time, are facts that the public wants to know about before it adopts airplane travel completely as its own. More power to the endurance fiyers! . Railroad travel is linking up with airship transportation. In & little while the plane pilot will probably be telling the locomotive engineer where he gets off. ————sa—s 1t might be easier for Trotsky to find a comfortable refuge if he would consent to throw his typewriter away. ———ree— ‘The Japanese beetle is a gorgeous bug. There are times when beauty is not appreciated. o Traffic “Arrests.” In Monday’s intense heat nearly 250 men and women were subjected to the inconvenience of appearing in court for violations of the traffic code. ‘Throughout the morning the small courtroom where these cases are tried was crowded with luckless motorists and witnesses—so crowded, in fact, that there was actual physical suffering. Meanwhile policemen made 334 traffic arrests in the streets outside, establish- ing & record for a single day in their present campaign to enforce the code and reduce the number of accidents. ' colliding with a sister ship during ma- inwvers with eighteen other undersea eraft. Sailormen call these recurring sub- marine mishaps “casualties of service.” '*They are the price that apparently must be paid for naval efficiency, es- pecially in the submarine branch. It is & branch that calls for brave and ' skillful men. Its perils are incessant 1and incalculable. A wealth of precau- tionary measures seems incapable of |'wholly obviating them. Experience is teaching the world’s navies every day how better to combat the dangers of | “U-boat” practice, but yesterday's sad " affair off the British-coast is here to | tell us that it is always the unexpected and the uncontrollable that must be reckoned with. " Pollowing the S-4 disaster two- years ago, there was a merited outcry in the : country and in Congress for the maxi- mum of safety appliances in the sub- | marine service of the United States Navy. There was a particular call for fwflnq salvage apparatus. Crews 4mprisoned in a sunken submarine Have | been saved on occasion by the prompt application of rescuing measures under- | taken with adequate equipment. In connection with the S-4, there seemed » These two developments of the Sum- mer’s hottest day bring to the fore a problem which sooner or later must be solved—that of the administration of justice in traffic cases. A partially sat- isfactory solution might be reached by providing more adequate Traffic Court quarters. This doubtless will be neces- sary. The conditions under which traf- fic violators are herded into court like a pre-prohibition week-end's harvest of drunks is hardly tolerable. Whether an improvement in the’ physical dition of TraMic Court would afford a permanent solution may be questioned. The problem is more fundamental, possibly involving far- reaching sociological effects on the pop- ulace at large which cannot be ignored. The administration of the traffic code under the present system may be break- ing down the line which separates the “criminal” class from the great mass of decent and law-abiding citizens. ‘The final solution of the problem, it seems likely, must be reached on a broader basis than that involved in actual traf- fic conditions themselves. Offhand suggestions as to the proper THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., WEDNESDAY, JULY -10, 1929, be taken into consideration as well as the physical problems of traffic control. Eventually, it is possible, the problem may solve itself as the public mind be- comes “disciplined” in traffic behavior as the mind of the soldier becomes ‘disciplined” to the various regulations of the service. But it is not impossible that such “disciplining” will require at | least a generation. ' The traffic code itself is far from per- fect anywhere. It is in a state of flux, requiring continual adjustments to changing physical conditions. But serious and difficult as are the purely physical problems of trafic control, it is essential not to overlook the comple- mentary problems of dealing with great numbers of human beings who, wittingly or unwittingly, violate the rules. s o The Postal Deficit. ‘The world’s biggest business—the United States Postal Service—shows a deficit of somewhere between 100,000,000 and 200,000,000, the biggest loss in its history. This news is so important in the business program of the administration that Postmaster General Brown has been called to the White House for an accounting by President Hoover. The Post Office Department is continually operating at a loss, as is well known, and this loss has been gradually mount- ing as additional postal service has been instituted. The really alarming feature is that the peak deficit of $32,121,005 during the fiscal year 1928 has been dwarfed into insignificance by the pros- pective deficit of $100,000,000 to $200,- 1000,000 for the fiscal year ended June 30. President Hoover is determined to| know just how matters stand and to safeguard against any more such alarm- ing surprises by appointing an expert accountant as assistant to the Post- master General to straighten out the postal accounts and bring the books strictly up to date. The postal deficit seems to veto his expressed hope only a day or two ago “that the situation may work out on the side of a safe surplus for material relief,” by which he eased the dictum of Secretary Mel- lon and Senate finance leaders last Friday that further tax reduction is impossible. This amazing news from the Postal Service brings the matter of Govern- ment finances directly home to every individual citizen, for it is through this service that each person comes into di- rect touch with the Federal Govern- ment and from it receives personal service. For these people there is most positive assurance that no matter what the deficit may be it will mean no cur- tailment in the service of communica- tlon for the pedple. ‘The postal service has always “fol- lowed the flag,” and with means of communication becoming much wmore convenient and expeditious it will con- tinue to give most up-to-date service. It has been shown that one cause of the deficit is the back pay of $51,000,- 000 to rail lines, and that the estab- lishment of new air lines, including those to Latin American countries, has also added to the financial burden. ‘While a three-month intensive study of the fiscal affairs of the Government is being made by direction of the Presi- dent, the usual June meeting of the business organization of the Govern- ment has beem postponed until Sep- \ tember. The new budget director, Col. James C. Roop, who has been in Santo Domingo with the Dawes commission establisHing the finances there on a stable footing, will have a real job ahead of him when he assumes office to find an easy way for the Federal fiscal program to absorb the postal deficit without added burden to the tax; payers. P — Golf is & good game. Anybody who doubts the benefits of open air and sun- shine need only turn his attention to John D. Rockefeller. —et————— Dollar bills will be smaller. Interest centers on the question of whether their En-ch.sln: power can be rendered rger. e Even the rnost eminent public Omtlll. may have & bad day's fishing. Fish cannot be tamed. B SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Convivialities. Oh, who would hesitate to aid An alcoholic friend! By sawed-off shotguns he's betrayed To an untimely end! Convivial songs of long ago Are “canned” with no release, Where once we sang “Hi Lee, Hi Lo,” ‘We call for the police! Literary Aspiration. “You have printed a great deal in the Congressional Record.” “Yes,” answered Senator Sorghum. “'m thinking maybe Il manage to break out of politics and get to be what they call & ‘colyumist.’ " Jud Tunkins says he wishes he could quit farmin’. Gambling is wrong. and he is tired of betting his stack on next month’s weather. Gathering the Sweets. The honey bee will tabulate Each bloom upon his list And say, “While service is so great, I am a Communist.” Seeing Red. “You said you were seeing red?” “Yes,” sald Mr. Chuggins. “But the sensation was soothing. I was going out of gas and what I sighted was a fllling station in the near distance.” “We talk of old times,” sald Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “but those who talk of new times always command the audience.” . Homes for the Drama, The theater! The theater! We say its influence is great— Still to some one it might defer ‘Who isn't licked by “Real Estate!” “I wishes,” sald Uncle Eben, “dat 1 could pertect my chickens by crossin’ ‘em wif parrots, uo's dey could turn state’s evidence,” ; solutiont would be absurd. The problem |, is one that calls for intensive study and thought in which human relations must celebrate the THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. “I do not pretend to set people right, but I do see that they are often wrong.” —Mary Crawford, “There is a disposition in this country on the part of the majority of people to feel that criticism is somehow wrong. ‘This is usually coupled with the ide: that one has no right at all to criticize unless a remedy of some sort is offered. He who would meet the approbation of all these persons is, therefore, faced with the twofold necessity of criti- cizing gently, if at all, and invariably with a cure attached. Yet it would seem that no apology ought to be offered for fault-finding, and especially that no remedy is needed. ‘There is no more interesting occu- pation than criticism, no matter how ugly or unnecessary it may be, and often it is neither. That it is universal is proved by the fact that all people, good, bad or in- different. think critically, even if they do not speak so. Many a kindly person, who by mno means would say aloud what he thinks, sees the errors in the conduct and speech,of others; and if some sort of magic recording machine could spy on his brain, every one would be surprised at_the record. Perhaps the only sort of person who is really honest is one, like Miss Craw- ford, who does not pretend to set peo- ple right, but does see that they are often wrong. * ok ok ok Of course, they are wrong. i Is it possible for any one, no matter how optimistic, to believe that as many people can live together as in modern communities withoup many of them doing and saying foolish things? Is it humanly possible for every one to be right all the time, or even part of the time? Human society is so complex that even great men err upon occasion, es- | pecially when they step out of their specialties. | There is arising a disposition to speak against specialization, on the ground that it tends to drive away the benefits | of civilization, to withhold the human | mind from the contemplation of the human scene as a whole. | ‘Those who grub away too steadily at | their specialties, no matter how impos- | ing their contributions to humanity, run a great danger of losing those humane sentiments which civilization alone brings to mankind. | It must be confessed, however, that for the present there is much more | sentiment in favor of specialization than l its opposfte, and that this belief is based, in the last analysis, upon a reali- zation that such specialization reduces human error. Those who survey the entire scene of man, as Pope called it, are in danger of making errors or arriving at faise judgments. | When they do, it is mecessary for some one, or perhaps many some ones, to set them right, if by no more than | the initial work of pointing out that they are wrong. * % X %X The realization of the error is all that is necessary. Neither he who is| in error, or he who sees the error, needs be worried by the necessity of setting the thing right. | WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. It President Hoover has a personal | spokesman on the Federal Farm Board | —apart from Secretary Hyde—it is| likely to be Charles C. Teague, Pacific | Coast and fruit-industry repruenuuve| on the new agriculturai body. Teague | is a Californian and_ has long been identified with Mr. Hoover's political | fortunes and ambitions. That is a circumstance which lends high signifi- | cance to Teague's definition of the | true functions of the Farm Board. He warns agriculture not to look upon the | board as a cure-all for the farmer's| flls, but merely as a temporary help | “over the rough spots.” That is well| known to be Herbert Hoover's concep- tion of farm relief. Once upon a time it was understood that Teague was slated to be Secretary of Agriculture | in the present administration. The President is a considerable fruit ranch- er himself, farming profitably several | thousand acres in California, so Teague personifies the special branch of agricul- | ture with which Mr. Hoover is person- ally most familiar. He is an outstand- ing exponent of the co-operative mar- | Kketing idea which the President looks upon as the farmers’ best bet, * ok ok K illiam P. Schilling of Minnesota, | the sixth man named for the Federal | Farm Board, is about the first Roman | Catholic to be appointed to high office by President Hoover. He was on the stump and on the radio for the Repub- lican ticket day and night during the 1928 campaign from one end of Lhe\ Goghel‘ State to the other. Schilling “I a broad-shouldered dairy farmer, of | German extraction, who operates his | own 400-acre establishment outside of | Northfield, Minn. Dairying has for years been Minnesota’s leading agricultural industry, and few men are so well known to it as “Bill” Schilling. Four or five years ago he was a candidate for the Republican gubernatorial nomina- tion. Like nearly all the other Farm Board appointees, Schilling is one of the veterans of the co-operative movement. * x x ¥ President Hoover cuts the figure of being about the coolest man in Wash- ington. Unlike some of his cabinet of- ficers and other high dignitaries of state, he scorns to work in shirt sleeves, and thus far has not even descended to pnln; belfis. "Lhnflt‘ }:;rt flnnggl s;;lm As proof positive that hot weather is power- less .to disconcert him, the President even sticks to stiff, laundered white turn-down collars—the same brand he wears 365 days a year. The White House' office staff confesses, somewhat sadly, that no slowing down whatever in Hoover’s working pace is noticeable amid the encircling humidity. He remains as dynamic, imperturbable and industrious a8 when the thermometer registers re- spectable temperatures. * K ok k Speaking of the weather—as nearly everybody in Washington is, though (as Mark Twain observed) “nobody does anything about it”—the pastor of a church, not far from the Capitol, peeled off his coat at the opening of service one night during the current tropical season and asked all the men in his congregation to do likewise if they thought #hey'd feel more com- fortable. Most of them accepted the Later the clergym: ined that he was simply practicing ‘shirt-sleeve Christianity.” * ok Kk Col. Guy V. Henry, commanding the 34 Cavalry, S. A, at Fort Myer, across the river from the Capital, is advising 250 C. M. T. C. trainees on duty there this month not to fail to visit the National Museum any time they're in Washington. The particular exhibit Col. Henry wants the youthful citizen-cavalrymen to look at is “Win- chester,” Gen. Phil Sheridan’s famous horse, which is mounted and installed at_the Museum as one of its most treasured troj . It is & splendid n of taxidermis! . The tage. Formerly the stuffed “Winches- was in the Military Service Insti- |¢ | The pamphlets of yesterday are the the O 1. ights Aod privilegee w an be national. This latter duty may belong to the one in error, or to him who points out the failing, or it may rightly fall to humanity at large to make the change. 1t is asking too much of any one to expect him to both see and to do in such matiers. No doubt an occasional individual may combine both, but for the generality of mankind it is not pos- sible. Christ founded the Christian re~ ligion, but St. Paul carried it on. Evil and the correction of evil are not simple things. Neither is the de- tection of evil a simple thing. Often vice presents a flowery face, tending to blind the eyes of the pure. Those clear-seeing persons who do not pretend to set people right, but do see that they are often wrong, are a necessary ingredient in the body politic of any nation. The more hustling, the more success- ful a people is, the greater need there is for them, for the very success and hustle upon which every one prides himself is the very point of failure. Success tends to breed intolerance, and & man who becomes intolerant of criticlsm is on the first step of the downward ladder. He has a right, undoubtedly, to want to know if the criticism is honest, but once convinced of that rather important point, he must by no means be offended at him who criticizes. * ok k% Some men are able to criticize with- out giving much offense, whereas others are not so lucky. Emerson said things which in the mouths or from the pens of other men would have left a sting. Yet it is not on record that any one ever rankled much over any of Emerson’s criticisms, so filled were they with a certain spirit of kindliness and knowl- dge. ‘Those who resent oppositions of all kinds ought to take stock of themselves and see whether their resentment is niot | the result of prejudice. ‘They have a right, of course, to expect the one who criticizes to be correct in his criticism, just as they have a right | to ask that the other be honest in the matter. Convinced of his honesty, their next thought is to be as to his correctness of opinion. If such criticisms prove to be unfounded time and time again, to be| opinions fickle and changing with every | wind, those who oppose his views have | the plain duty of criticizing in their | turn. Thus the whole matter, it would | seem, resolves itself, as so many do, into | a question of correctness. The popular cry against the critic, whether of life, | morals, manner or what-not, is wrong | to the extent that it is based on a falsc optimism which blindly pushes aside | facts. Certainly one may not like facts, but they often have an unpleasant way of | making themselves felt. Spleen for| their retailer, therefore, should be| spleen against facts. If one does not like criticism, let him realize that what he really does not like are facts.(granting always, of course, that they really are facts). If he re- sents the one who does the criticizing, let him know that such a one is only a mouthplece. The real fauit, the true offender, lies farther back. Often, alas, | the fault lies in one’s self, the real of-| fender! in the Senate Office Building at 3 o'clock every- afternoon. There “Big | Bill” discourses gayly and freely upon | every subject under the political sun. The newspaper men have his full con- fidence and he addresses them without | restraint. The press gallery long ago | voted the Idahoan one of its prime favorites and delights to spread his | fame. He seldom speaks without say- | ing something. and whatever he says is | almost invariably front-page stuff. * kXK ‘The White House pronouncement on | the growing size of postal deficits re- vives the discussion as to whether the | Post Office ought ever to be anything | but a money-lgsing branch of the Gov- ernment. There are those who argue that it is as essentially a “service” de- partment as the Army and Navy, which are also operated at a heavy “deficit.” When the founding fathers established the Post Office system a century and a haif ago, its basic purpose (as Thomas | Jefferson was fond of pointing out) Was to serve as a means of dissem- | inating public knowledge. Those were the days of the powerful pamphleteers. newspapers and magazines of today. Prank H. Hitchcock, Postmaster Gen- eral in the Taft administration, was about the last head of the postal serv- jce to turn in an annual profit. (Copyright, 1929.) Situations Regarding Amendments Different| Prom the Des Moines Tribune-Caplital. The Tribune would naturally be last to put a question mark behind the gen- eral purpose of the fourteenth and fif- teenth amendments. But nothing but muddled thinking will follow an attempt to treat these amendments and the eighteenth amendment as the same. - The fourteenth and fifteenth amend- ments are merely negative orders to the States concerning suffrage. The State may not deprive anybody of suffrage because of race or color. And the State that “denies” suffrage to any body of its citizens shall not be represented in Congress. The States have evaded both amendments by setting up other condi- tions of suffrage that keep most of the colored voters from the polls. ‘We need go no further than the Michigan decision of the Supreme Court that the primary election, even where United States Senators are to be named, is not under national control, to recog- nize how futile it will be to try to regulate State-controlled suffrage by national authority. If the State can confine the primary to the white voter, how is the general purpose of the four- teenth and fifteenth amendments to be worked out? The eighteenth amendment takes the liquor problem over and makes it na- tional. If every State in the Union should refuse to use State authority in enforcement, the national obligation would be the same, and under an en- forcing administration the failure or refusal of the State would amount to nothing. The trouble with the situation is that the States were not enough weaned from State sovereignty at the close of the Civil War to permit suffrage to be made national, as unquestionably it should be. The fourteenth amendment did not/even propose Negro suffrage, and the fifteenth did not propose it in a national way. The framers of each went as far as they dared, with the States still regarded as supreme. ‘The danger is, if the debate is forced on the fourteenth and fifteenth amend- ments and support for the eighteenth amendment is refused unless it is given to the others in equal measure, that the people at large, and even , will { others floors I found the same fault- get into & muddle. The war and liquor amendments stand on a totally different footing and create a wholly different ob- ligation for Congress. The suffrage debate, when it comes, should be on wholly different lines from enforcing the war amendments. It should be, and that not solely on ac- count of the colored man, to make suf- rage national. If anything should be in this new era, hi ‘We shall never get where trying to force the States to something do not want to do. If some of our States were really hostile to woman we should find this out with .the amendment, which is also a negative order to the sovereign State. Reserve Major Says Walter Reed Is O.K. To the Editor of The Sta Apropos of the report in your issue recently of the criticism and investiga- tion of Walter Reed Hospital, permit me to state my observations and experi- ences as a patient there three times in the R‘" four years, covering 15 weeks in rnd where I am now recovering from two major operations. 1. The hospital is fortunate in hav- ing the services of Col. Keller, whom I believe to be one of the greatest sur- eons in this country. He is assisted y & corps of surgeons and physicians who are the equal of those in any hos- pital in the United States. 2. There is no hospital in the country where a patient Tecelves more care and attention, or that has a better corps of nurses. 3. Personally, I have never received anytking but the most efficient atten- tion and kindly and courteous consid- eration from the highest official to the lowliest subordinate. 4. Never have I heard from any one in the hospital a word of disrespect or disparagement of the veterans, and it is my observation that they get, if any- thing, more attention than the regular officers. 5. The food served to me is all any one could desire. For quality, quantity and preparation it is far superior to| the food served in the average eating places in the City of Washington, and is particularly adapted to the needs of the individual patient. 6. I regard Walter Reed as one of the best hospitals in the country, and am confident there is no other hospital where a patient gets as much capable, thoughtful and kindly attention and consideration. 7. No other country in the world does s0 much for its disabled veterans and fighting men as dear old Uncle Sam, | and, for one, I am truly grateful. 8. There are some peonle who would criticize and find fault with Heaven if they ever get there. ALEXANDER SIDNEY LANIER, Major, O. R. C,, U. 8. A. Praises Reed Hospital For Efficient Service To the Editor of The Star: As a patient at Walter Reed Hospital, I write to express my appreciation of the kind and efficient treatment re- celved while an inmate of that institu- | tion. On arriving at the hospital, June | 6 last, I was assigned to room 4, ward 8. After preliminary examination, treat- ment was prescribed and applied until June 22. During my stay at the hos- pital I was very much impressed by | the untiring attention and solicitude shown by orderlies and nurses toward the inmates. Night and day they were on duty, responding to calls cheerfully | and promptly. The meals could not be | improved upon. The food served was according to the requirements of pa- | tents. | Convalescing patients and those wait- | ing for operations would lounge in the large Teception room and discuss hos- pital features. Not a word of criticism was spoken. Some had their meals brought to their rooms and others ate | in the dining hall, but all agreed that the food served could not in any re- spect be improved upon. General in- spections were held monthly. It was wy privilege to witness one. On the | morning of inspection corridors and rooms, as usual, presented an immacu- late appearance. Nurses and orderlies were lined up in the corridors. and | then came Gen. Kennedy, accompanied by his staff, all in full uniform, closely gbserving the conditions of Tooms and alls. The ward to which I was assigned fs | on the third floor, but on visiting the less system prevailed throughout the building. In every department order- lies and nurses seemed to respond to the calls of patients, their manner im- porting sympathetic solicitude. Complaints have been made. accord- ing to a morning paper, but those few | disgruntled unfortunates evidently ex- | press the sentiments of that class re- | sponsible for the claim t “an old | soldier is an old growler.” | F. S. HODGSON. e — | Lumbermen Blamed | For Loss of Trout To the Editor of The Star: ! The article in The Star on July 4, | 1929, under the title “Pillory Suggested for the ‘Fish Hog.’'"” by Paul Moore, is | hing | fraternity, and the constructive Sug- | gestion in reference to the conservation of fish will be heartily indorsed by every fisherman. In connection with the above, there | is a trout stream on Meadow Mountain, | Madison County, Va., that three years| ago was stocked with 10,000 native fin- | gerling trout. These trout were ar- ranged for delivery to June Weakley, who resides on top of this mountain, by | Paul E. McKinney and the writer. A short time ago, on a visit to this stream, it was noted that trout were! not_as glemiful as would be expected | under the heavy stocking, and on in-| vestigation it was found that a great | many trees were being cut for lumber, ! and the limbs of the trees, chips and barks, etc., were deposited in the strea creating a condition which is destruc- tive to trout, or, in fact, any fish. It is suggested that the fish commission- ers’ of Virginia attention be invited to| this condition, and that the lumbermen be required to clean this stream, remov- ing limbs, chips, etc., to provide fish- ing grounds wherein the fishing fra- ternity may enjoy the pleasure of fish- ing and obtain some results from the stocking of this stream. . LE LAURIN. Says “Cyclone Cellar” Saves Lives of Many BY E. E. FREE, PH. D. ‘The old-fashioned ‘“cyclone cellar” is still the best device that science can suggest to save lives during the in- tensely dangerous tornadoes of the Middle West. In discussing Kansas tornzdoes in the Government's official publioation, s ¢he . Monthip Weather Review, Mr. S. D. Flora credits this once-familiar outdoor cave, sod-todféd'ahd dug Tow énduglf sb that' its top projected only a_ few inches above the ground, with, pyobaply ng, been “the means of saving more lives from tornadoes than anything else” and: with ‘being- “still -one of the :best places of refuge ever contrived.” In the e:rl{ days of Western settlement, the Sight of #hy blacR, “funhel-shaped" cloud heading toward the farmhouse was_the, Jor adulis. to pick vp, young children and run ihe cyclone cellar, Many a pioneer housewife veached that shelter just in time see _her home vanish into fragments. With the growth of towns | cyclong ‘cel Rate’ tecorhe 1bs’ fash. ionable, but so has the death toll of tornadpes jncreaged. The Weather Bu- reau recognizes a certain variety of close, sultry weather as typical “tornado weather,” Mr. - Fiora- says, -but no one can predict the actual occurrence or paths of these most violent of all known storms, Escape from death in such a storm usually depends, he concludes, either upon blind luck or upon ex- tremely quick thinking when the storm If no cyclone cellar is avail- the safest place’ Mr. Flora be- is in the southwest corner of the basement of a frame house, crouched close to the wall e A Sweet Victory. From the Sioux Falls Daily Argus-Leader. A candy manufacturer is elected pres- ident of & church association. The it is likely, was Sunday 3 deciding factor. — s ————— Year Without Summer. | ang A. T | ries instantly for |, the | Federal Go ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. ‘This is & mflll department devoted solely to the dling -of queries. This paper puts at your the services of an extensive o tion in Wash- lnflun to serve you in any capacity that relates to information. This service is free. Failure to make use of it deprives you of benefits to which you are enti- tled. Your obligation is only 2 cents in coin or stamps inclosed with your in- quiry for direct reply. Address The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, director, Washing- ton, D, C. ?'. What is meant by grain alcchol?— ‘A In commerce ethyl aleohol, which is made from maize or other grain, is called grain alcohol. Q. How long has the Department of Agriculture been conducting farm dem- onstration work?—R. O'B. A. This work was inaugurated in 1904 in Texas. In February, 1929, the twen- ty-fifth anniversary of the inaugura- tion of this work was observed at Col- lege Station, Tex. Q. How long have there been adver- tising agencies?—B, C. E. A. In New York City, as early as| 1850, there were agencies which ar- ranged rates with newspapers, gathered information as to the extent and char- | acter of newspaper circulation, etc., for the guldance of clients. It was after the Civil War, however, with the devel- opment of the patent medicine indus- try, that the business took on a wider and more complicated form. Q. What do the letters “F” and “Y” stand for on the banners used by Co- lumbus when he landed at San Sal- vador>—N. D. A. A. The letters about which you in- quire evidently stand for the names of Ferdinand and Isabella. The latter n‘t( e is not infrequently spelled with Q. What is meant by & diamond edi- tion?—J. B. A. It is said of an edition in a small volume or volumes printed in small type. -Q. Was there a time when boxers used lead or iron while boxing?—G. F. A. Romans used the cestus, which was & covering for the hands of boxers made of leather bands and often loaded with lead or iron. Q. What kind of men were the Tar- tars in appearance at the time they conquered Russia?—D. M. M. A. In the thirteenth century the Tartars were & very much mixed race, but in general the type was swarthy with scant black facial hair. Q. When were cabinet photographs first made?—E. R. S. A. Cabinet portraits were introduced by F. R. Windon, a photographer of Baker street, London, in 1867, Q. travel on its trip to and from Amer- ica?—E. C. * A. The Graf Zeppelin traveled 6.000 miles in 111 hours on its trip to the United States. The trip back was com- pleted in 69 hours and a distance of 4,000 miles was traveled. The differ- ence between the trips was due to the 5 fact that the airship had to ecruise 2,000 miles out of its route due to bad weather. Q. Could & H‘-t-o;t_ Tattlesnake eat a | squirrel>—B. A. The Blological Survey says that it would be possible. Q. Is there a chance to get into the movies by going to Hollywood if one has not a position in sight>—D. 8. A. Hollywood organizations say that the number of people there applving for positions is far greater than the few vacancies avallable and for this reason they warn people not to anticipate a career in the movies unless they have money saved to keep them at least a vear in Hollywood. Q. Why is there a semi-circular sec- tion cut from the handle of almost all ail files>—E. L. D, he theory has been advanced that the handle thus provides a gauge to ascertain that the nails are ing filed evenly, but a concern manufac- turing the files says that, as far as it can determine, the cutout was origi- nally made solely for appearance. Q. Of what material are most of the buildings in London made?—G. D. A. All parts of London are alike in the fact that most of the buildings are made of brick. There are no quar- nearby, so the stone for the finer buildings must be brought from a dis- tance. The smoke-laden London fog blackens the entire city, although the West End suffers least in this respect. Q Why can an electric spark be produced by after strenuous exer: 5 . The Bureau of Standards says that this is merely static electricity produced by friction. Q. Did Phi Beta Kapps always ad- mit women?—W. A. M. not intended A. This was obviously by the founders, but fidelity to the test of scholarship required it. Women were first admitted by the Alpha of Vermont in 1875. lt?' BWhl! constitutes & munieipal- y?—B. N. A. A municipality is an incorporated city, town, village or borough possess- ing & charter of incorporation con- ferring privileges of local self-govern- ment. O o Q. How many chapters are there in “The Book of the dead"?—R. J. A. There are 106 chapters. It is the chief monument of the religious litera- ture of Egypt. Q._How many windows are there in the Bank of England?—T. 8. | "A. The building is windowless except for the openings above the entrance. Q. Does the soil in the forest retain moisture longer than that in open | country?>—D. C. C. | . A. The Department of Agriculture | says that investigations of the seepage of soil water on these sites showed that | this -was most rapid on the open slopes {following a rain, while the seepage was greater in quantity, steadier and | distributed throughout. = longer period of time in the area covered with timber. | By thus absorbing more water, by hold- ing it longer and by allowing it to seep cut more gradually, areas covered with Lorest, exert a considerable influence in the regulation of stream-flow, tending to prevent high water and flooding fol- lowing periods of heavy rainfall on the |one hand, and drying up of stream: during the dry season on the other. Q. What is meant by fishtatling ir an airplane>—L. H. . It is the term given to the move- ment of the tail of an airplane from side to side caused by a special manipu- lation of the rudder by the pilot. | i Q. Is Rio de Janeiro situated in a federal district as Washington, D. C i52—W. A, H. A. It is situated in & federal district, about eight times the size of the Dis- trict of Columbia. The municipal or- zanization is under the control of the Brazilian government, but the citizens have a voice in local affairs. being rep- resented in the National Congress by three Senators and ten Deputies. Q. What is the significance of the bees that appear as an emblem on Napo- leon’s personal possessions?—W. H. A. The significance of bees as em- blems on Napoleon's possessions goes back to the discovery of the tomb of Childeric at Tournai in Belgium in 1635. Among the relics wer: 300 small golden models of bees. These were re- moved to Paris, and when Napoleon was crowned Emperor a century and a half later, he chose these bees for the deco- ration of his coronation mantle, brated on June 19 in some States?— W. T. H. A. The date of the proclamation setting free the slaves in the territories of the United States was June 19, 1862, while the general emancipation procla- mation which freed the slaves in all rebelijous States was dated January 1, 1863. Because of the fact that June is 2 better time to celebrate than Janu- ary, the former date is observed in sev- eral Southern States and cities. | Q. Which organized first, the railroad | conductors or engineers?>—A. B. A. The Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers was organized in 1863 and ;g;s Order of Railway Conductors in Q. What were the Diamond Classics and when were they popular?>—H. T. S. A. The Diamond Classics wers & Te- print in a very small type of some of {the earlier publications, such as Chaucer, Johnson and Shakespeare, and | came into existence between 1820 and 1830. Whitting such type. Q. How many students from abroad :!’cl‘}l‘;/re in the United Statest— A. From census returns compiled by the committee on friendly relations among forelgn students it is evident that the total number of students from abroad in the United States is in excess of 10.000. If returns from preparatory and high schools were included, the to- tal number would exceed 13,000. Q. From what country does the Unitea States import most wheat?— Canada. Ban on Prohibition Pam phlets Meets With General Approval General disapproval of any attempt to introduce propaganda into public schools of the country is reflected in favorable comment on President Hoo- ver's recent ban against a plan in the Federal Prohibition Bureau to distribute pamphlets among the schools. The press also motes with satisfaction the action of the National Education Asso- ciation in including a declaration against propaganda in its unanimously adopted code of ethics. “When the schools are turned ‘over to | the propagandists, religious, political or commercial,” the Columbus Ohio State Journal declares, “the ideals on which the American public school system are based will topple.” ‘The Akron Beacon Journal finds itself in agreement with the President. also, in “overruling his overzealous subordi- nate,” and thus saving “the cause of the schools.” “Keep the Schools Out of It” is the headline of an editorial in the New York Sun, one of the statements in which is, “Practically, it is one thing to point out to children the phy logical effects of abuse of alcohol and quite another to try to win their respect for a law which may be flouted by their elders at home.” This opinion is found | alsp in the Albany Evening News, that paper saying: “It is a controversial question and is best kept out of the schools. School pupils would be arrayed against one another, according to what they might have heard in their homes.” * K Kk The Youngstown Daily Vindicator is of the opinion that “the minute we give over the schools to propaganda of any sort whatever their usefulness is ended. Fanaticism enters where peace and quiet should reign”; the Vindicator con- tinues, “the people are divided against themselves and the children are made my\‘u of one cause and another, | Paign. d of being taught the fundamen- tals without which all further lea: is _useless.” . ‘Taking the position that “prohibition is a mooted political question of a highly inflammatory nature,” the Co- lumbus itch declares it can “think of no quest that would stir up more genuine trouble for educators if it were Introduced into the schools.” The Fort W:{ne News-Sentinel also sees the pro- hibition question as having become “so de‘e‘:lny m’;:eg mthoth litics and re- not a proper sub our public schools.” oS ‘In the opinion of the Nashville Ban- ! | catling atiention #Prohibition Amendment have to dis- se;l:lienr:(leAls':s v{'ein plrapagandn at the sembly of the Presby: | Chureh, U S, A Sl | “The _San Antonio Evening News | quotes 'Commissioner Doran of the | Prohibition . Enforcement Bureau as { having himself acknowledged that “the public schools are under State control™ and that it is “the State and local au- thorities’ duty to prescribe what shall be taught.” T e ‘The Louisville Courier-Journal is puz- | zled as to how the plan got such head- way, if the head of the bureau knew | nothing of it, and asks, “If Commis= sloner Doran, the head of the Bureau of Prohibition, knows nothing of. its work and designs until they are dis- closed in the newspapers, why is it con= | sidered necessary for the bureau to have a head?” Claiming that “an ob- scure and unimportant Government employe has been made the official ‘goat’ ” in the disclaimers issued by the bureau, the St. Louis Post Dispatch asks: “Is it reasonable to suppose that & minor employe would venture to es- tablish so radical a Government policy on her own initiative? Is it possible that her superior did not know of the ;xmmlgn she had so carefully plan- ‘The Bangor Daily Commercial ealls the bureau disclaimer an “afterthought rather than a forethought,” while the Springfield, Ohio, Sun frankly exclaims concerning the prohibition unit, “This unit, it has been found, is closely in touch with the Anti-Saloon League offi- cials, from whom it takes what are vir- tually orders,” and in its latest project “was in a fair way to hang itself with the rope allowed.” The Tulsa Daily World also suggests that “the so-called organization really undertook to force th? Government to take up its cam= In all these discussions, the necessity of teaching the children the duty of law observance is recognized. “Since schools are places where character and citizenship are supposed to be devel- oped, among other things, bil« ity for observance of law does not ap- pear to be a subject which school teachers should be required to shun,” says the Ann Arbor Daily News, an opinion shared by the Savannah Morn- ing News, which thinks that, while “no special law need be picked out for em- phasis, certainly the public schools could teach, with no idea of propa- ganda, that it is the duty of good citi~ zens to obey the laws, and that, if the citizens do not like a certain law, there tro- | 18 & legally constituted method of changing or Tepealing it.” News and Observer, to the many informa- tive pamphlets issued the Govern- ment, asks, “If this can be done, w] is the need for all this cause 1t is proposed Yo teach is injurious?” has merit and its