Evening Star Newspaper, July 10, 1929, Page 25

§ of Carnegie Endowment Mr. Lyon. ON THE WAY FROM KEIJO TO MUKDEN, By the South Manchurian Railway, June 13. T about 8 o'clock this morning we crossed the Yalu River and 1eft Chosen behind after a brief stay at the capital. We are now on the way to Mukden, which we will reach at 2 o'clock, The transition from Japanese to Chinese territory has been somewhat marked. ‘This country is plainly more fertile, the hills are somewhat better wooded, the fields are larger and live stock ap- pears, cattle and pigs in smalil droves, and don- keys occasionally. The familiar rice paddies appear, but there are also rather large fiel of corn, the Amer- ican kind, sprout- ing up a fout or more from the well tended soil. These differences are characteristic of Manchuria, which is a land of great potential riches. It may be ths objective of contests in the future, It is even now a pawn in a subtle gamc that is being played between China and Japan, with Russia on the side lines watching for a chance. We had the oddity of the political situation in Manchuria expressed to L8 this morning rather distinctly in & statement made to us in the observation car of the train by Mr. Quong, a rep- resentative of the Chinese foreign office, who has been sent by the minister for foreign affairs to accompany our party throughout the journey in China. He read a most courteous letter addressce@ to our group by the minister, and then sald that it would be his pleasure to arrange for all our sightseeing and con- tacts in China and that meanwhile he asked permission to accompany us through Manchuria, for although we are for this stage of the journey the guests of the South Manchurian way Co., which is directly the repre- sentative of the Japanese government, he asked us to bear in mind the fact that Manchuria is, after all, Chinese territory, administered by the govern- ment at Nanking, and he hoped to bc able to bring us in touch in Manchuria with representatives of that government. Leave for Peiping. ‘We are to remain in Manchuria until June 26, when we leave Mukden ior Peiping, better known by the Westcrr World as Peking. That will give us 13 days here, altogether too short a time in ‘which to see all that it is important to see and to hear all that it is essen- tial to hear to explain this complicated situation. But we hope for enlighten- ment nevertheless. our stay in Chosen likewise was too short for a_satisfactory study of that country. There is much to see that is interesting and much to learn that is important to know in order to under- stand things. Indeed, almost our first greeting came from a Korean news- paper in terms that gave us to under- stand that the truth regarding Korean conditions was not to be had from gov- ernment sources, This was in the form Of"an editorial in the Dong-A Tibo. of the Oriental Daily News, of Keijo. I Oxfords and $1.79 Smart patent strap pumps and calfskin ox- fords in two-color combi- nations—tan with blonde and black, tan and blonde. Sizes 515 to 2. GLIMPSING THE FAR EAST By GIDEON A. LYON, Member of American Journalists’ Party Now Tourin, ail- | Bring the Children Here Tomorrow Calfskin Play Shoes Orfent as Guests for International Pcace. will quote it literally, in part, it being printed in English, surrounded by Ko- rean text: “The Korean public extend a hearty welcome to the group of prominent American journalists who are visiting this Jend of ours just now. Moreover, thelr visit is considered more importart than any other such occasion, because we believe, as expert and wide-eyed ot~ servers, they will surely see ngs as they are, and even see through the things to the bare reality. And this will result in a better and sympathetic understanding between the two unations, *American and Korean, about what is really going on in this land of suffering. Want Them to See Truth. “We do not ask them to see our land and people under any other light than the real. If there has been change and progress on any line, we want them to look at it and value it. If there has been retrogression and poverly, we want them to observe it, too, and ponder lor the cause. “We regret that we have no freedom even to print here some statistics show- ing the real conditions of this country. But we are sure that it is not difficult to obtain such material if our honored vis- itors wanted to do so. And. after all, we may safely say that under the pres- ent regime what Korea has accom- plished and what is done for Korea may not always be what Koreans have accomplished and is done for Koreans. Such distinction may or may not have been observed by travelers before.” The real meaning of this is that the so-called Korean press, the native press, is working for national indcpendence as strongly as it can. It claims that the Japanese administration ¢f Korea has been solely for exploitation, and *hat t is the purpose of Japan to crusi out all national spirit by eliminating the lan- guug‘e and by denying Koreans any yart in the government of the countiry. This is not & militant nationalism, but is rather an intellectual movemen®. Nationalist Spirit Deep. I was told yesterday oy one wh) has been in Korea for a gsod many years in evangelical work that the rationalist among the common people, {he Lliterate as well as the literate. I was given serve to show that the Korean agricul- tural situation, despite the nnprove- ments_inaugurated by Japan, is pretty bad. Here they are: The average income of the average Korea is $75 a year, with $40 as the minimum and $800 as the maximum in the richest parts of the peninsula. The average family consists of 5 1-5 persons. About 80 per cent of the Koreans are farmers, and of these 75 per cent are either wholly or partly tenants. It is asserted by an investigator, an Ameri- can, that during the past 10 years ten- ancy has increased by 20 per cent. The majority of the farmers cannot meet and must borrow money at exorbitant rates of interest, 60 mon, despite the law against usury, with much higher rates paid in many cases. and the usurer demand payments. The farmer cannot make his payments, and finally cannot borrow money to make ‘thsm. and foreclosure follows. The “middleman” hovers around at this sea. som and By e B farm of . 7 1 tsubo is 6 feet square—for a ' 95¢ Sturdily built for strenu- ons play—with heavy soles of a very hard rubber, which insures long wear. Good-looking styles of tan calfskin—sizes 51 to 2. Strap Punips $1.69 Cape collars and no sleeves, basque styles with pleated skirts, Eton jackets—just to mention three of the attrac- tive styles! Dimity, voile, organdy and lawn, and dainty . pastel shades; sizes 7 to 14. These are every one dresses that regularly sell for con- siderably more! spirit is deep seated ard fundamental | some figures by the same person that | | agricultural family of five persons in | The average family deficit is $2 a vear. ||| | expenses at the end of the harvest year | er cent being com- | At harvest time the tax collector | THE EVENING song. It is charged that these middle- men are all Japanese and that thus the lh.u';xddlu passing into Japanese 3 [ Migrates After a Time. ‘What hap, ? The farmer-owner becomes the farmer, and even at that cannot make both ends meet and incurs the deficit of $3 a jyear.on the After a time he o cour migrates to Manchuria or to Japan, there to sell his labor in & cheap market. In Manchuria, however, he has difficulties, owing to the fact that China does not care for Korean migrants, inasmuch as each Korean coming to Manchuria adds to Japan's interest in that country and, as one per- son expressed the matter, causes Japan to add to her already considerable army there, Here is another angle to the situs tion, as explained by my informant: Japan, it was stated, has acknowledged that her chief desire is to make Korea produce rice for her people at a ‘cheap rate. Therefore, the rice selling price is fixed low for the benefit of the Japa- nese and is not reckoned with regard to the needs of the Koreans. Then again, the rate for silk cocoons is fixed, STAR, WASHINGTON, D. fectly disinterested observer, wel ties re % ajiogether above sSuspicion: are ol above suspicion; that, indeed, frequently percentage col~ umns re up oonsiderably above or below 100, & situation that apparently not cause any concern whatever. 80 it is plain to see that the real con- ditlon here is hard to discover. The le are industrious, though their methods are crude. Some good work s being done by the Y. M. C. A. (the Ko- rean branch) in promoting the study of various problems of tillage and fer- tilization and stock ratsing and plant diseases and the distribution of pam- phlets on these and other subjects among villas €0-0] tive organiza- tions and the conduct of classes to teach the people how to read, so that they can get the benefit of this material. ‘This is a splendid work, and it deserves the heartiest and most liberal support of all, especially of American philanthro- pists who wish to do something practi- cal for the welfare of distant peoples. Hard to Learn Truth. ing the country and financial advantage, vous wrong to a helpless nation. If ‘present. canditions bad Note—Another of Mr, will appear in The Star Manless Play Coming. ! irt of le, sl ‘;“t“‘. fin 'h'z pa e, slowly reacting new elements in their life, then there is necessity of ‘some vigorous legislative | Becded than-the big. buldings.of gov- | neede: n the gs Of gov- nine cast. ernment and the broad streets in Keijo. | ——— I wish it were ible for me to find the truth of ti matter. de would take a long time. least I can say with assurance, that the nationalist movement in Korea is hope- less of success short of the complete collapse of Japan as a world power. In- dependence for the Land of the Morning Calm would have to bé guaranteed. By whom? When that question is put to an YORK, slated for Qpen a St bevsts S0¢ | anaens BAUIGRANS the Ssewee 1 nesaiy she is doing a | silence. NEW the manless m!h.ie“" | Beautiful Evening,” wlth"-n all MOHAIR SUT EISEMAN'S, 7th & F Lyon's letters 2 tomorrow. July 10 (). mlmw’ Haynes le in 518 charge account sald this person, by the Japanese gov- ernment at a point, in these days of silk depression, to give the fllature com- panies a small profit, while chusing the Korean silk grower to lose a little money, And, regarding the rice again, my informant charged that s a result of Japan's exploitation thé Koreans cannot eat their own rice, as they can- not afford to do so, but import the cheaper millet from Manchuria, and so get a poorer food as a matter of neces- sity. This 1s not a pretty pleture. I asked Frankly, I do not know just what to believe about this economic situation in Korea. If Japan is deliberately exploit- GINGER TlGE ALE! NONE BETTER A. G. HERRMANN 750 Tenth St. Southeast one of the Japanese officials about it, and he denied the statistics. He sald Phone Lincoln 1981-1983 T | | As a family doctor at Monticello, | Ilinots, the whole human body, not small part of it, was Dr. Cald- | an; | well's practice. More than half his | “calls” were on women, children and | bables. They are the ones most often | sick. But their illnesses were usually of a minor nature—colds, fevers, head- | aches, billousness—and all of them | required first a thorough evacuation. | They were constipated. | In the course of Dr. Caldwell's 47 years’ practice, he found a good deal |of success in such cases with a pre- | scription of his own containing simple | laxative herbs with p.erln. In 1892 | he decided to use this formula in the | manufaéture of Dr. Caldwell's Syrup Pepsin, and placed it on the market. ‘The preparation immeédiately had as great & public success as it pre- viously had in Dr. Caldwell's private practice. Now, the third generation is using it. Mothers are giving it to their children who were given it by their mothers. Every second of the day someone somewhere is to a drug store to buy ib. ere are thousands of homes in this country that are never without a bottle of Dr. Caldwell's Syrup Pepsin, and we have many hundreds of letters {from grateful people, telling us it helped when everything else failed. | While women, children and elderly people are especially benefited by Dr. its mila, Caldwells Syrup Pepsin, 'Doctor Founa Women and Children Sick | More Often than Men gentle action is promptly effective on | the most robust constitution and in | the most obstinate cases. Containing | neither opiates nor narcotics, it is safe for the tiniest baby. Children | like it and take it willingly. 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