Evening Star Newspaper, May 31, 1929, Page 24

TAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. FRIDAY, MAY 31, 1929. = T 1 the recent influx of population from |the State of New York has placed a | AIMTOBAR ALIENS IN APPORTIONMENT Foreigners Would Be Exclud- ed in Count for House Membership. Proposal for an amendment to the Constitution, as & result of which aliens, or unnaturalized foreigners, who are not entitled to & vote, would be excluded in computing the number of seats in the House to which each State is entitled on its numerical popu- Iation, is made by Representative Hall, Republican, of Indiana, an educator | and member of the House District | committee. Just when the Senate has passed the reapporti bill, on which the House will act in a day or two, this suggestion by Representative Hi is considered of timely importance, and the change would be made by simply further defining the word “per- son” as used n the Constitution in the provision for apportionment, which | Mr. Hall points out is used in the sense | of “citizens” and was not intended to include “aliens.” | this way, Mr. Hall emphasited, seemingly insurmountable dif8~ v_confronting Congress—of findhg A way to retain the present member- =hip of 435, giving each State the in- creased membership demanded by its gain in population, yet not decreasing the delegation from any of the 48 States—could be solved. 3 Quotes Statistics. He quotes s s to show that In certain districts only one out of 10 of the population votes, as an indi- cation that the large precentage are dliens and not entitled to a vote. Representative Hall's explanstion of the problem of reapportionment and his_proposal is, in part, as follows: Congress is now confronted with a most perplexing problem and _one which has many ramifications which, no doubt, will ultimately lead to a changed policy of government toward the great number of aliens who live in the great centers of population. The problem arises from the con- | stitutional necessity of apportioning the number of members of the House of Representatives among the differ- ent States. This is done with regard to population, as determined by each | decennial census. In the first place there is a well| grounded belief that the present nu- merical membership of the House is as large as it should ever be and if in- creased beyond 435, which is the pres- ent number, there will be a decrease in efficiency of the legislative machinery of the Government. Based on the thir- teenth census (1910) each State was given as many Represetives as the sum of 211,877 was contained in its total population. If a‘ major fraction re- mained after an_equal division, the| State was accorded an additional mem- ber. In the past some like scheme has been used to make sure that no State, or practically so, would lose in the number of its representation in the House of Representatives and likewise | in the electoral college, which elects the President of the United States. The Constitutional Convention estab- lished the number of the first Hbuse of Representatives as 65. This was only an arbitrary apportionment, as no census had been taken. Three Suffer Decreases. Since the census of 1860 there have been but three instances in which the membership of a State delegation has been decreased, viz.: Maine in 1870, from five to four: New Hampshire in 1880 from three to two, and Vermont in 1880 from three to two. If an apportionment had been made on the basis of the 1920 census re- taining the present number of mem- bers in the House of Representatives, 11 States ~would have suffered de- creases in the number of its members. ‘The States and their losses in member- =hip are as follows: Indiana, 1; Towa, 1; Kansas, 1; Kentucky, 1; Louisiana, 1; Maine, 1; Mississippi, 1; Missouri, 2; Nebraska, 1. Rhode Island, 1; Ver- mont, 1. Total, 12. The gains would go largely to the States of California, Michigan, New Jersey. Ohio and Texas. . In looking at the above list of States one is struck with the fact that 8 of the 11 States belong to the heart of the nation and each of the eight is populated, very largely, with pioneer American stock; likewise Maine and Vermont are comparatively free from “CADITOL FUD~ HO Cold ® Storage for Protection Insure abroad. | The difficult problem confronting | Congress is to find a way to retain the present membership of 435, giving each | State the increased membership de- | manded by its gain in population, yet | not decreasing the delegation from any of the 48 States. Aliens Not Citizens. At first thought the solution of the problem is impossible but there has | come forth from the discussion a new line of thought regarding Article XIV, Section 2 of the Constitution, which reads as follows: “Repre- sentatives shail be apportioned among the several States according to their | respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, ex- cluding Indians not taxed.” | The first proposal is to amend the Constitution by inserting after the words “Indians not taxed” the words | “and allens” Some idea of the effect | of this amendment to the Constitu- | tion may be gained from the following | table, which shows a few of the States | and their alien population as given | by the census of 1920. | Foreign Born. Alien New York. . 2,825, 1 California Connecticut Massachusetts Texas Michigan Another proposal which will achieve the same end is to define “person” as used in the Constitution, as a citizen of the United States. A close study of ihe Constitution will lead one to the conclusion that the word “person” as used does not include aliens, naturalized foreigners. The word used 27 times in the text of the Con- stitution. In one case there is some doubt as to just who is included in the term; in two cases the application is to slaves: in five cases it means citi- zens and may include aliens, while in the remaining 19 cases there can be no doubt that citizens only are em- braced in the intent of the word. The seriousness of this question may be further realized when we consider that the estimated alien population in 1920 was 7,000,000. 1If we will divide this number by the sum of 211877, which was the basis for apportionment in 1910, we find it affects 33 seats in the House, and, consequently, the same number of votes in the electoral college. A close presidential election, such as that of 1916, might well turn on the results obtained by the alien numbers. That some of the States are alert to the danger is proved by the fact that arrived these 6 —All black T The name is stamped may be sure vou will Shoe Shop—. JELL | casts a ballot, the inference is a large We wired for these . . . and they’ve just Deauville Sandals And now not only is the Deauville stock com- plete but the 'wanted ¢ —AIll white one strap ! —Tan and brown ankle straps —All 1an oxfords fortable, light Deauville sandal that is so smart. Street Floor ¢ F STREET ¢ NS IS SIS N S e S NP N S Lo R o e e SR provision in "its State constitution | which excludes aliens from the count | in making the apportionment for | representation in the State Assembly. | This accounts for the usual practice in | that ‘State of the election of a governor | and a State Assembly of a different | political faith. | More light can be thrown on this subject by an analysis of the popula- | tion and vote of some congressional districts in the center of New York City, i Twelfth district—Population, 151,605; vote 1926, 15,277; 1928, 20.422. Thirteenth district—Population, 192, 720; vote 1926, 15374; 1928, 22,337 Twentieth_district—Population, 195, 814: vote 1926, 18.189; 1928, 25,153. When we see that only one out of ten of the population of the district per cent are aliens and have no vote. JEWISH FOSTER HOME CELEBRATION PLANNED Children Will Be Accompanied by Flders at Program Marking Renovation of Building. Children of the Jewish Foster Home, | in company with their elders, who have superintended the renovation of the | home, will, celebrate the event Sunday afternoon with exercises under direction of Isaac B. Nordlinger, president of the home. The institution provides tempo- rary shelter for children. The exercises will be open to the public between 2:30 |and 5 o'clock. To All Owners of Parker Fountain Pens Do you know that you already own half of a Parker Fountain Pen Desk Set? If you owned some other pocket fountain pen and wanted a Desk Set you would have to buy a Desk Pen togo with the basé. The Parker Pen, however, can be con- verted into a Desk Pen and back to a Pocket Pen at will. Bring vour pen to any of our stores and we will show how easily this is done. THE PARKER PEN DEALERS .50 olors are here... strap on every pair so you get the popular, com- EFF’S “F Street Your Furs Against Moths, Fire and Theft REMODELING & REPAIRING YOU SERVE TEA ICED choose the fin- est tea of most delicate flavor OLONG 0 'TEA DAINTIEST OF TEAS Tomorrow . . . Saturday Timely TarE Hecar Co. at Seventh” Sale of MEN'S SWEATERS the $5 to $8.50 grades 3.95 Many from our own stocks Pull-over and Coat styles | Plain colors . . Domestic and Imported yarns Round or V necks. Sizes 36 to 46 Most all sizes in every style . or jacquards (Matn Floor, Sports Shop) TarE Hecat Co. “F Street at Seventh” A Separate Entrance to the Men’s Shops at the South Door on Seventh Street A Complete Selection of Palm Beach Suits by Sheldon Other Hot Weather Suits Mohairs . . . Linens Nurotex . . . Poplins Tropical Worsteds Triple-Weave Worsteds Summer-tex Fabrics $16.50 to ' $40 Men’s Footmodel Sport Oxfords . .. in two-tone effects Black and white for evening wear . . . brown and white for day- time wear. Short wing tips and fancy foxing. Leather soles and rubber heels. All sizes . . . and B, C and D widths. (Second Floor, The Hecht Co.) $] 6.50 . . . the genuine fabric cor- rectly styled and tailored There’s style and comfort in our Palm Beach Suits. They’re light and airy. Graceful of drape and smartness of cut. And the porous weaves allow the air to circulate freely, cooling the body on days when the thermometer hits high. You’ll want two . . . maybe three of onr Palm Beach Suits. You’ll want them because of their well-bred air . . . their special shape retaining features . . . the splendid tailoring . .. and the equally splendid selection of patterns and shades. (Direct Elevators to the Men's Clothing Department, Second Floor.) Panamas, Leghorns and Milans 5 . « « fashioned by Croyden Soft, comfortable body hats. Optimo and alpin chapes. Panamas with side or back bows. Leghorns in natural and brown shades. Milans with plain or fancy bands. (Main Ploor, The Hecht Co.) This Saturday . . . Opportune Selling of Cool . . . Comfortable Colorful Shorts and Shirts Cool and comfortable this popular type of under- garment. 1,200 complete sets in all. Plain colors « « « plain whites . . . stripes . . . dots . . . fancy figures ++ . two-color combinations. Nothing better for Sum- mer wear. Athletic Shirts . White Rayon Snug fitting. W hite rayons . . « « . patterns. waist. 30 to 42. Plain-white Pull-over . . ... and Colored Rayons. Porous. Sizes 34 to 44 69¢ 3 for $2 Shorts . plain-colored rayons Cut comfortably at the Full around the bottoms. Sizes (Main Floor, Men's Purnishings) DOBBS HATS—HANAN SHOES—SOCIETY BRA