Evening Star Newspaper, April 14, 1929, Page 5

" of more than 90 per cent of his prod- TARRFISDISCUSSED BY OUSE LEADERS H‘awlei{and Garner Tell Pur- poses‘in Radio Forum Addresses. (Sontinued From First Page.) pressed the belief that agriculture is peculiarly affected by tariff rates. { “I think it is agreed by all,” he said, “that the present tariff law in its in- cipiency greatly discriminates against agriculture, and that one of the eco- nomic causes for the condition of agri- culture during the past eight years has been the want of protection for certain | of its products. and the high prices the | farmers have had to pay for the overly protected manufactured products.” Chairman Hawley’s speech in full follows: The committee on ways and means of the Housg of Representatives, of which I am chairman, is nearing the comple- tion of its preparation of the readjusted tarifl of 1929." We have considered that the existing tariff has served the country well in protecting the greater proportion of the products of the country which need protection. There are, however, a number of products new in industry and a minor proportion of products for which protection is pro- vided in the existing law that need a readjustment of duties on imported competing commodities, in industry as well as in agriculture. »« i not the intention -of the committee to disturb duties which are working well. Testimony Carefully Studied. In the preparation of the forthcoming bill the testimony of the 1,100 witnesses appearing at the hearings has been carefully studied by the members of the committee and by the Tariff Com- mission and its experts, who have analyzed and bri-fed the 13,000 pages of evidence submitted during the hear- ings and are daily assisting the ‘sub- committees and the committee by verifying evidence already obtained and by securing new or more detailed in- formation. The Departments of the ‘Treasury, Justice, Agriculture and Com- merce have contributed valuable assist- | ance and informaticn. However, the 15 Republican members of the com- mittee, who must and will assume the responsibility, are working days and evenings to produce a bill worthy of | this country and adapted to its needs at this time. It may be said in passing that the preparation of a tariff bill never before has caused so little disturbance in the business and industrial world. Since the passage of the tariff act of 1922 there have been material changes | in economic conditions in our own country and in the world. The past seven years have been years of more remarkable developments In production, trade and commerce than any similar period in history. We have here further developed existing industry, have cre- ated new industries with new and val- uable products and have been met with foreign competition from an increased number of countries, two of the latest additions being Italy and Czecho- | slovakia. ‘There were presented for our consid- eration at the hearings a number of products on which duties were asked that have not been mentioned in pre- ceding tariff acts, for the reason that they have arisen since the last act. Several of these are of first importance. It was noted during the hearings that there is an increasing efficiency in for- eign labor. Industries abroad are adopting the latest types of machinery | and employ in the management of their plants their own nationals trained in our own factories or Americans so trained. This {ncrease in the efficiency of foreign labor is especially important to the millions of American workers. The standards of living abroad are not keeping pace with the increased ef- ficiency of the foreign worker, and their increased output, improved in quality, constitutes an increasing menace to the American working people. The American Market. The principal part of the business of this country is done by Americans with Americans. We produce new commodi- ties or commodities in new and usable forms to the approximate value of 90 billion dollars—16 billion dollars for agriculture, 6 billions for mines, 63 bil- lions for industry, with smaller amounts for other items. The American manufacturer disposes ucts here, making the American market nine times more important to him than the foreign market. When he sells here the profits accruing remain here for the benefit of the stockholders who own the industry and to increase the public wealth: the wages paid to American wage earners inure to their benefit and comfort, and the expenditures made of wages, profits and the investment of capital have led to our unprecedented development. The American market is similarly important to argriculture, whose best market is in this country. In the pending bill we propose that, while we have always said it was Amer- jca for the Americans politically, it shall be America for the Americans economically. It has been the custom for the nationa’ of one country to trade with the nationals of others, but no free country has ever acknowledged the right of another country to trade withiln its borders except upon permis- slon given, usually in the form of a treaty: that is to say, the nationals of other countries have no inherent right to sell in our markets and have that privilege only through the comity of nations. ‘The bill. is, therefore, being prepared from the American stand- point, with, however, attention being given to the value and importance of exchange of materials with foreign countries. This policy of economic America for Americans has increased the wealth -of the country and made our market the best of them all. Designed to Protect All Producers. *The protective tariff policy is designed #to -protect the American producers of commodities of all kinds, and all per- sons interested in such production, from unfair competition from abroad. It deals solely with the sales made within the * United States or its possessions. It has no purpose to deal with sales of Amer- ican-made goods when they are ex- ported to other countries. There is no way by which we can extend the ad- vantages of a protective tariff to cover sales made in foreign lands. Neither .does the protective tariff propose to deal with conditions in the markets of this country when the question at issue does not a.r;u from unfair competition from abroad. 2 All industries from time to time find that their production exceeds in some degree the domestic demand and must cur, as it 1o of ‘several agri _provision for ‘necessary to relieve a ind relief ‘should be sought th throug] le izations legislation committee, who last night spoke in the Representative Garner, Democrat, of Texas, ranking minority member, and Representative Hawley, Republican, of Oregon, chairman of the ways and means National Radio Forum. does three things: first, disturbs our markets by introducing into them goods manufactured on a different and lower basls of costs of produciion and wage scales; second, removes capital from the country, and, third, deprives labor of an opportunity to earn wages. Wages paid sbroad average less than 40 per cent of those paid in this country. Explanation Is Given. T do not say that there may not be compensating factors. I am simply stating the operations of a protective tariff. It is not, however, the inten- tion that a protective tariff should ex- clude all foreign goods, wares and com- modities, but only that that introduc- tion should be regulated and that in re- turn for the opportunity to trade in our markets imports should contribute a material sum to the maintainance of the Government, whose people have es- tablished our extraordinary markets, and that they should not come in to the detriment of Americen producers and labor. We have a right to the en- joyment of that which our fathers and capital and lebor, so gradually and suc- cessfully developed, It is ours—we made it! And, in my thinking, we have no right to impair this great heri- tage for future generations. We ex- pect the coming generations in this country to carry on that which our fathers began and which we are carry- ing on—the greatest political, social and economic adventure of all ages. Mr. Garner’s Speech. ‘Mr. Garner stressed three outstanding features of the pending bill in which he sald the public generally will be interested. He described these fea- tures as the rates to be levied in the various schedules and to each of the paragraphs, the basis of valuation upon which the rates will be levied and the future administration of the flexible clause. “We believe that many of the rates carried n the present law are pro- hibitory,” he said, “and that the same should be lowered. We also believe that many of the rates carried in the present law, especially those applicable to agri- cultural products, should be materially increased and some of the items upon the free list under the provisions of the present law should be transferred to the dutiable list. “That brings me to say that the Democratic position on the tariff ques- tion is not one of free trade, neither are we in favor of an embargo, Chinese wall or prohibitory tariff.” Sharp opposition was voiced by Mr. Garner to the proposal that the Treas- the Customs Court in determining the basis of valuation for fixing rate: “This policy of giving a bureau all power and discretion to determine mat- ters of interest between citizens is wrong,” he said, “and especially should not be applied to tariff taxes.” He also expressed the belief that the Tariff Commission is not workable and is ,unsatisfactory. As a substitute, he proposed that a fact-finding commis- sion be created to furnish the House with needed information so that the body could, on short notice, report a bill adjusting any paragraph in the schedule that circumstances might warrant. Text of Speech. The full text of his speech follows: “The proposed tariff bill which will be reporied to Congress next week will have three outstanding features in which the public generally will be in- terested. “First: The rates to be levied in the various sthedules and to each of the paragraphs, _covering thousands of aifferent productions. “Second: The basis of valuation upon which these rates will be levied. “Third: The future administration of the so-called flexible clause which is identified with the Tariff. Commission. “The Republican members of the com- mittee on ways and means have been in labor for the past month or more preparing rates to be applied to the various schedules and items, and noth- ing will probably be known as to what those rates will be until the report is made the latter part of the week. “The President has advocated a “limited” revision. Chairman Hawley has stated that he expelted a ‘“read- justment” of the tand, and Speaker Longworth has joined them in sug- gesung that as “lew changes be maac as possible.” “All of these statements mean nothing until they are translated intw the van- our ‘provisions of the bill. They can mean anything, as they are general in general revision of the tand. “The Democratic members of the House have had no conference on the subject of the tariif, theretore, 1 can- nov speak for them as an organization, but speaking for myself, ana £ think a goodly portion of tne Dmocratic mem- pership of the House, we would be pleased indeed to have an opportunity 10 examine each schedule and each ph, with a view of applying such protection to American labor and to the various industries of the country, Wants Farm Rates Raised. “We believe that many of ths rates carried In the present law are prohib- itory and thai the same should be lowered. We x‘l:: hellem ‘}; that m:ny of the rates carri present 1aw, those rates applicable to showd be ma- of the items r the provisions of the present law should be'transferred to the dutiable list. j "mtbrhnmet&euymlmmn- We have, by the expenditure of energy | ury Department take over the duties of | term, buc it indicates opposiuion o & ! rates that would give fair and adequate | sections and industries, but would treat them all with as near exact fairness as it is humanly possible to do. No in- dustry should be discriminated against in applying the econdmic principles of the tariff. Every section of the country end its products should be treated with | |the same consideration. This is but simple justice, as well as a sound eco- nomic policy. Says Law Needs Changing. The very fact that Congress is now considering the revision of the. tariff is confirmation of the fact that the | present law does not meet conditions of today. I think it is agreed by all that the present law in its incipiency greatly discriminates against agriculture, and that one of the economic causes for the condition of agriculture during the past eight years has been the want of sui- ficlent protection of certain of its products, and the high prices the far- mers have had to pay for the overly protected manufactured products. Both parties in the last election promised to 1 remedy this situation and the Democrats stand ready to fulfiill that promise. Now the second problem can be dis- cussed in a few sentences; that is to say, what basis of valuation you should apply to the rates to the proposed bill. Snall it be the invoice price as at present, or shall we change it to “American,” United States,” domestic valuation?” All-of .these terms are more or less the same, and mean in effect that the present rates if appiied to such values, would become prohibi- tory. You might as well enact an em- bargo against importations, except those things Jeft on the free list. Be- sides it is quite impossible to administer such a law, even if the rates were fixed to apply to such valuations because no three men will arrive at the same con- clusion as to what are America: United States, or domestic values, as the caes may be. It is very much like the war excess profits tax, where in theory it was just and equitable, but Er |srncuce it could not be adminis- e As usual, the Treasury comes forward with a comprom:se remedy by which it is proposed to take away from the Cus- toms Court its jurisdiction of the law and facts and to bestow that discretion in the Secretary of the Treasury. In other words a complete bureaucracy of the administration of the valuation pro- vision of the law. No such provisija should be placed in any law. This policy of giving a bureau all power and dis- cretion to determine matters of interest between citizens is wrong, and especially should not be applied to tariff taxes, Future Is Third Problem. ‘The third problem is how to deal with the tariff in the future, Shall we tain the present Tariff Commission extended powers, as suggested by we adopt some system by which Con- gress may function quickly and ef- fectively without materially disturbing the general business of the country? I think it has been demonstrated that the present Tariff Commission is not workable and is unsatisfactory. Its long delays, its bickerings of a political nature, has been demonstrated over and over again since its creation, and while the present commission is prcceeding with greater efficiency and more satis- faction than heretofore, there is no as- surance that it could, or would, -con- tinue, because the personnel largely con- trols that matter, and that can and probably will be changed in the future, 1 propose, and I feel that many of my colleagues are in accord, that we change the present commission to a fact-find- ing commission for the benefit of the House of Representatives, where the Constitution requires all revenue legis- lation to originate, and by having the facts before them the House couid at any moment report a bill adjusting any paragraph that circumstances might warrant, and it could become, and prob- ably would become law, if it had merit to justify it, within two or three weeks from the time it is reported. The Constitution, in my judgment, will not permit Congress to empower the President to remove an article from +the free list to the dutiable list, and con- versely from the dutiable list to the free list because that would be virtually lewying taxes and repealing taxes, which gress, and such legislation must origi- nate in the House of Representatives, and therefore that body should equip it- self to meet emergencies at any time they may arise. “Such a fact-finding commission could and would .meet the situation and thereby permit each paragraph to be considered upon its own merits, and | ultimately take the tariff out of politics. ‘Why should the tariff remain in poli- tics? There is no free party in this jcountry, and the only question to be some of our Republican friends, or shall | the Constitution places solely in Con- | LIMITED PROGRAM EXTRA SESSION AIM Watson and Tilson Favor Few Subjects Other Than Farm Aid and Tariff. ! (Continyed From First Page.) { subjects which ma, be made exee&t:ons to the general policy were considered and acted ‘upon by the House during the last session. All except the new members are fully acquainted with them and committees of the last House, after full hearing and study, submitted reports upon them. If the Senate acts \upon thera during the extraordinary session, it is my ho{ze that we can take them up immediately in the House and promptly dispose of both questions. Message to Be Read Tuesday. “The session of Monday will prob- ably be devoted exclusively to organ- ization of the House, adoption of rules and adopting routine resolutions. On Tuesday the President’s message will be read and the committees on agricul- ture,' ways and means and rules elected. It is expected that the committee on agriculture will be prepared to report the agriculture rellef bill on Wednes- day, consideration of which may be started immediately. During the con- sideration of the farm relief bill the ways and means committee will un- doubtedly report a bill revising the tariff, so that it may be taken up for consideration in the House the moment the farm bill is disposed of. “If the finance committee of the Senate desires time to study the tariff bill after it has passed the House and the Senate indicates a desire for a recess while this is being done, I can see no objection to a recess of both houses for that purpose. It would be unwise, in my opinion, to attempt to utilize this interim for the considera- tion of subjects which ‘might result in prolonged controversy and thus de- feat or delay the veal purpose for.which we have been called into extraordinary session. If in the meantime the Se: should have acted upon either reap- portionment or national origins, or both, the House would be able to dis- pose of eithér or both before going into recess or ‘while the Senate is working on farm relief and the tarifl. “These plans are tentative, or, in fact, a little more than sugzestive. Cir- cumstances may make changes neces- sary and the House and Senate will, of course, determine for themsalves the program to be followed as ‘circum- :u:nces may from time to time indi- cate. Time Mere Guesswork. “Guesses as to the time required for completing the work of the extra ses- sion are guesses only and will be made in accordance with the mood or temp- erament of the guesser. If there be a will to do the work promptly as well as wisely is no good reason why it should not be finished before Midsummer. There is no relation whatever between the ouality of the work and the time necessary to do it. It is my opinion in this instance that the more quickly it is done the better will be the result. Both the Senate and House commit- tees on. agriculture have about ecom- pleted their bills. The senate committee is serously considering the advisability of including in its bill the so-called “debenture plan” of aiding in the handling of the exportable crop sur- pluses. This is the plan which has been strongly urged by the National Grange. The committee is now await- ing a report from the Department of Agriculture on this plan. That report is expeeted to give the administration’s views with regard to the plan, ‘The House committee has drafted a farm bill which is understood to be regarded with favor by the President, although he has given no formal aj proval of any measure, It provides for Board, with wide powers, for stabili- zation corporations to help in orderly marketing of crops and a revolving fund of $500,000,000 put up by the Federal Government to help in bringing about orderly marketing. In general it is similar to the McNary bill, the Sen- ate bill, without the debcature plan. It is believed that the farm bills will be ready for introduction in both houses by Wednesday, though the Senate committee may take a little longer. It is possible, however, that actual con- sideration of the farm measures in the Senate may not begin until the first of next week. As indicated in Mr. Tilson’s statement, the House may begin work on the farm bill almost immediately. The ways and meahs committee of the House is expected to report a tariff bill before the House shall have com- pleted its considération of the farm bill, Probes Are Indicated. The Senate is likely to have a crop of investigations on its hands before the new session has progressed far. Several Senators, including King of Utah and Fess of Ohio, have indicated there should be some investigation of the policy of the Federal Reserve Board toward speculative loans in Wall Street, and the Democratic leader, Senator rgntl;lnson, has now taken a similar po- sition. ‘The Senate judiciary committee has before it the McKellar resolution for an investigation to determine whether Secretary Mellon can properly serve as Secretary of the Treasury because of business connections and whether cab- inet officers can hold over after the Presidents. by whom they were ap- pointed have completed their terms of office. It is likely that a demand will be made for an inquiry into these mat- ters, though it is not believed that the opponents of Mr. Mellon, a holdover from the Coolidge administration whose nomination has not been submitted to the Senate for its approval as a mem- ber of the Hoover cabinet, will be dis- turbed in any way as a result of such an_inquiry. The case of Senator-elect William S. Vare of Pennsylvania may engage the attention of the Senate before long, too. The subcommittee of the privileges and | elections committee of the Senate, which has handled the election contest considered at any time is the rates to be applied at the custom house on the various articles that may be offered for sale in this country. All are agreed that these rates should be the differ- ence in cost of production here and abroad as near as possible. Now, why not ascertain the facts 8s to what those rates should be and apply them without reference to party organization. Let me say in conclusion that I sin- cerely hope that the Republican organi- zation will give the House an oppor- tunity to present its views on this ques- tion in the form of amendments to the proposed bill. No “gag” rule should be adopted. It cannot be defended under jordinary ecircumstances and surely {should not be applied to:a great piece (of economic legislation such as the proposed tariff bill, especially in view of the fact that the Republican or- ganization has more than a hundred majority, and should not be afraid to trust its own membership to defend the merits of their bill f brought by Vare’s Democratic L}P ent, former Secretary of Labor Willlam B. ‘Wilson, is likely to be ready with a re- port before a month is passed, it was said Jast night. If this case is settled favorably to Mr. Vare, then he must run the gauntlet of the Senate on the charges brought by the Reed slush fund committee, whose report, adverse to Vare, is already before the Senate. “CAP’N” STREETER HEIRS FILE $5,000,000 CLAIM By the Assoclated Pre CHICAGO, April 13.—Hcirs of “Cap'n” 'George Wellington Streeter, ‘who for years waged a fight for posses- sion of a portion of the Chicago lake front, valued at $800,000,000, have taken :gmthe picturesque old squatter’s legal Ai'mmmmu.ormmm property. P eeter guarded m claimed. ~ | Movement from Fort D. A. Russell of the establishment of a Federal Farm | Burro Water Line For Arid Nevada. Urged as Utility By the Assoclated Press. RENO, Nev., April 13.—Rain falls so rarely in the arid Wassuk Mountains of Western Nevada that the residents want a burro water-carrying system established as a public utility, service com- The State gz: missior. has . asked to au- thorize pack animal water vend- ing between the town of W thorne and Squaw_Creek, a tiny stream near the California line. A price of 4% cents a gallon for water, f.0.b, burro, is proposed. INSURGENT ‘LEADER WISHES TO GIVE UP IF MEN ARE SPARED (Continued From Pirst Page.) tle news from either Chihuahua or Sinaloa, where the federals are pre- paring drives on Sonora. Federal scouting planes today flew over Pulpito Pass, to the east, trying unsuccessfully to locate the rebels who fled from Juarez, Three hundred have arrived at Agua Prieta. X More U. S, Troops fo Naco. Gen. Gonzalez, who reported that Gens. Fausto Topete, Ricardo Topete, Manuel Aguirre and Escobar had left Cananea for Nogales or Hermosillo, declared he expected the revoluticnary situation in Sonora to clear up in 10 days. On the American side of the border plans still went forward for the pro- tection of American lives and interests in_the event of a battle. Brig. Gen. Frank S. Cocheu ordered a third troop of the 10th United States Cavalry and another company of the Zi'vllh Infantry to Naco from Fort Hua- chua. An altercation between United States and Mexican troops, the detafls of which have not been learned, was re- ported today at Crook Tunmel, on the Southern Pacific Railway line seven miles east of Naco, Ariz. Extradition Unlikely. It was stated today in diplomatic | circles that any hcpe of extraditing | rebel leaders who crossed the border | into the United States, as several already have, is most unlikely to be | realized since under international law they have the status of belligerents and are entitled to asylum. It had been suggested that such in- surgents might be extradited on charges | of looting banks or destroying railroad property, but it was pointed out that: even though the United Siates con- demns such actions it would be un- precedented to permit extradition of belligerents on such grounds. It was explained, however, that if any American citizen is robbed in Mexico by a rebel he has the right to institute action in the United States courts for recovery of his property if the rebel he accuses has crossed into the United States. TROOPS ARRIVE IN GUAYMAS, Between 1,200 and 2,000 Federal Soldiers Disembark. NOGALES, Ariz., April 13 (#).—Fed- eral troops numbering between 1,200 to 2,000 disembarked at Guaymas, Sonora, | today_from the Mexican Federal gun- | boat Progreso and the steamship Mon- | tezuma, it was reported here. Simul- taneously reports arrived telling of the movement of four rebel troop trains southward with Guaymas as the des- ‘| which opens tomorrow, but indications tination with Gen. Faustic Topete in command. THIRD TROOP TRAIN LEAVES. U. S. Infantry Movement From Fort| . Russell Completed. CHEYENNE, Wyo., April 13 (P)— |the 20th Infantry, assigned to duty on the Mexican border near Bisbee, Ariz. was completed with the departure of the third troop train today. The regi- | ment comprises 790 men and 35 officers. sy E. L. HARVEY DIES ON BROOKLYN VISIT! Prominent Methodist Here, Retired Treasury Employe, Had Lived in District 40 Years. E. L. Harvey of 1626 Monroe street.! prominent in Methodist Church circles for many years and a resident of Wash- ington for more than 40 years, died Friday at the home of his son, George Harvey, in Brooklyn, N. Y. He had been in ill health for upward of a year, suffering from asthma, and at the time of his death was on a visit to his son. Mr. Harvey came to Washington about 1887 with a group of young men from the Casanovia Seminary. He studied at Columbian University, now George ‘Washington University, and took a law dzgreel at the National University Law School. He was a member of the District of Columbia bar and for many years superintendent of the Sunday. school of the Metropolitan Methodist Church. He was a_member of the official board of that church during the year that President McKinley attended services there. For the last five years, Mr. Harvey had been a prominent member of the Calvary Methodist Church, where the funeral services will be held tomorrow afternoon. For & number of years, Mr. Harvey had been in the department of accounts at the Treasury Department until his retirement a short while ago. He is survived by his widow, Mrs. Maud C. Harvey, and a second son, Walling Harvey of New York City. Arrangements for the funeral have not been completed. MRS. 0. B. ZANTZINGER, WIDOW OF REALTOR, DIES Funeral Services for Hyattsville Resident Will Be Held at Upper Marlboro. Mrs. Shelley Chew Zantzinger, 58- year-old widow of O. B. Zantzinger, local realtor, died yesterday afternoon after a long illness at her home, 3307 R street. Funeral services will be to- mgomlxrnwt piix% g‘clo;k :Jt. the Hol y 0) urch, Upper Marlboro, Md., with burial in the family lot in the church cemetery. Mrs. Zantzinger was the daughter of the late Judge R. B. B. Chew cf Upper Marlboro. Before coming to ‘Washington two years ago she had lived in_Hyattsville for 15 years. She is survived by three sons, Richard Chew, Otway Berryman and Franklin Davenport Zantzinger, and one daugh- Marie Louis Zantzinger, all tzinger died Butler May Avoid Knife. NEW_ YORK, April 13 (#).—Officials of the Presbyterian Hospital announced ‘When that Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler, t of the Columbia University, [ACTION DOUBTFUL ON DISTRICT BILL Local Measures May Bé Re- introduced, but Vote Is Con- sidered Improbable. Some ‘of the local bills which failed of action in the last Congress may be reintroduced in the Senate and referred to committee during the special session are that enactment of District measures will have to await the regular session in December. It has been the announced intention of leaders to adhere closely during the special session to the main purposes for which the session was called and if this program is followed it is likely that final action on District matters would be deferred, along with less urgent national legislation. Among the more important local measures to be reintroduced are: The street railway merger resolution, the free textbook bill for the high schools, the program for expansion of the Free Public Library system, and the bill for the comprehensive extension of the park system of the National Capital and its environs. e Radio license fees collected by the | British government last year totaled nearly $6,175,000. Barber & Ross, Inc. Cor. 11th & G Sts. For Impaired Vision —consut . E'ye Physician Statistics show that nine out of every ten persons over 21 years have defective vision to some degree. EDMONDS. =—= O'PTIC IAN—= 915w}zflemm Street SHINGTON = o Established 1899 ° Trip-O-Lator The Better Coffee Maker Guaranteed Pure Aluminum 4-Cup size ., 8-Cup size ... Wear-Ever Junior Steam - Seal || Cooker, 4-qt. capacity. 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