Evening Star Newspaper, April 7, 1929, Page 1

WEATHER. (U. 8, Weather Buresu Forecast.) Fair and -continued warm' today; to- ‘morTow increasing at t, 92, at 4 p.m. 6 am. yes- ' report on Page 4. No. 1,255—No. 31,022 MITCHELL, CAPPER | ‘SEE ENFORCEMENT ASCITIZENSHIPTEST Two Speakers Bare Condi- tions and Problems in Ad- dresses in Radio Forum. U.S. IS MOST LAWLESS NATION, SAYS KANSAN Hoover's Imaugural Declaration and Plans Are Made Basis for Plea to Americans. Declaring that “nothing has a greater tendency to beget lawlessness than lawless methods of law enforcement,” Attorney General William D. Mitchell last night told the Amberican péople over the National Radio Forum that under the Hoover administration and policy of law enforcement, the “statu- tory and oonstitutional rights of all persons must be regarded.” Coupled with this, was the promise of a dogged fight on lawbreakers, with all dramatics eliminated. Senator Arthur Capper of Kansas, speaking over the forum on the same program with the Attorney General, characterized the United States as “the most lawless nation in the world,” and declared that “law enforcement at this time summons citizenship to the test.” Both speakers in addressing a huge audience of radio listeners over the countrywide hook-up, arranged by The ‘Washington Star, and sponsored by the Columbia Broadcasting System, based their remarks on President Hoover's inaugural declaration for law enforce- ment. The Department of Justice, Attorney General Mitchell announced, was pre- paring a bill for the transfer of the Prohibition Bureau from the Treas- ury Department to the Department of Justice. But he stated that it was not the intention to merge the present Bureau of Investigation with the Bu- reau of Prohibition as they had distinct tasks to perform. Attorneys Are on Firing Line. Reporting to the American people what the Department of Justice is do- ing to carry forward the program for more effective organization of agencies for the investigation and prosecution of crime laid down by President Hoover, thé Attorney General emphasized that there would be no “dramatic marshaling of the agencies of justice.” Such dramatic methods, he declared, would be “like a flash in the pan. results would be only temporary.” “The improvement we seek,” he said, “must be gained by steady, earnest, and persistent effort over weeks, months and even years, so that the improvement may be fundamental and lasting.” Describing the United States attor- neys as the “men on the firing line,” the Attorney General announced prog- ress in the program of reviewing the field organization “with the purpose of improving the personnel and weeding out. inefficiency and ineffectiveness.” | The matter of improvement of pro- cedure in the Federal courts, the At- torney General said, would be. taken up by the national, commission ap- pointed by the President to consider methods of law enforcement, and he expressed the hope that “its sugges- tions will result in simplifying pro- cedure, preventing delay, removing con- gestion in the-courts and otherwise ex- pediting the tonduct of cases.” The Attorney General's pronounce- ment against “lawless methods of law enforcement” was considered especially significant. “Rights Must Be Regarded.” “Detection_and punishment of crime must be effected by strictly lawful ADVISORY COUNGI be | mittee composed of Fram) , Edwin methods,” he declared. “Nothing has a greater tendency to beget lawlessness than lawless methods of enforcement. The greater the difficulties of detecting and punishing crime, the greater the {emptation to place a strained con- struction on statutes to supply what may be thought to be more efficient means of enforcing law. The statutory and constitutional rights of all persons must be regarded, and their violation, inadvertent or otherwise, is avoided.” In his discussion of prohibition, the Attorney General alluded directly to President Hoover's criticism of the buyer of liquor. “T believe,” he said, “there lately has been a distinct improvement in this re- spect, and that the law-abit people of this country have res| and will respond to the req: ents of good citizenship so emphasized by the President.” § Capper Comments on Chicago. Senator Capper, in asserting the law- breaking elements, of the Nation cited the city of Chicago “where graft, boot- leg and politics are partners” where there were 527 killings last year as com- pared with 337 in New York City. The Senator scored the “group of wet Jawyers” who have notified “this large criminal element that the law will be made to protect it in its lawlessness.” Declaring law enforcement summoned citizenship to the test, the Senator said “challenge to public offi~ from one Entered as second class post office. Washington, Auth, Smothered b); Woman Delegations, Gives Up Abattoir He Tells Them, at Least, Not to Worry Over Arlington Project. Besieged in his office for three days by an almost continuous stream of women protesting against erection of an abattoir in Arlington County, Va., Nicholas Auth, local provision merchant, threw up his hands yesterday and ad- mitted defeat. “There won't be any abattoir over there,” Mr. Auth announced yesterday afternoon, after receiving a group of determined protesters of the weaker sex, led by Judge Mary O'Toole. “There's going to be a meeting of the board of directors Monday, and the whole matter will be settled then. I don't like to speak for the board as to what action.it will take, but I might say that a majority of the directors, including myself, are against locating the plant in Arhngton County.” Mr. Auth’'s statement was in ampli- fication of the one he had made to Judge O'Toole and her committee earlier in the day to the effect that the women should calm themselves, because he felt sure the controversy would reach an ending satisfactory to them ‘very shortly.” “You ladies needn’t worry about it any more,” Mr. Auth expostulated to the com when it called on him. | " (Continued on Page 5, Column 1.) ADDS 3 NENBERS W. A. Roberts Is Defeated. Consumers’ Guild Head Comes Under Fire. ‘The Federation ‘of Citizens’ Associa- tions last night changed materially the | proposed composition of the Citizens’ Advisory Council. It elected three new mem- bers; re-elected for a second term three who served last year, one candidate for re-election, William A. Roberts. The new council, as a result of the election, will be composed of the fol- lowing: F. Tracy Campbell of the Anacostis Citizens’ Association, Hugh M. Framp- ton of the Cathedral Heights Citizens" Association, Andrew F. E. Scheer of the Dahlgren Terrace Citizens' Asso- rles I, Stengle of the Pet- ‘Thomas E. b worth Citizens’ Association, 2 Lodge of the American University Park Citizens’ Association and Dr. Edward E. Richardson of the Congress Heights’ Citizens’ Association. Scheer. Richardson and Frampion are the new members. They will re- place George R. Wales, Joseph L. Gam- mell and Mr. A. Roberts. Wales and Gammell were not candidates for re- election, and Mr. Roberts remained in the race throughout the.election. Election Spirited. The election was the most spirited { in the history of the council. It re- quired eight ballots to select the en- tire membership. Four of the councilmen were elected on the first ballot—Campbell, Frampton, Scheer and Stengle. Lodge was chosen on the fourth ballot, and then a con- test developed between Dr. Richardson and Roberts, the former winning on the | eighth ballot. The prelude to the election was marked by an attack on E. C. Riegel, director of the Consumers' Guild, which just conducted a poll for a nom- inee to fill the vacancy on the Public Utilities' Commissiop created by failure of the Senate to confirm the nomfhation of Col. Harrison Brand, jr. Riegel, who attended the meeting, was nearly drawn into fisticuffs by Louis Gelbman, delegate from the Congress Helghts’ Citizens’ Association, who as- safled him and his associate, Tench T. Marye. . Special Committee Named. As a result of the crticism of Riegel the federation appointed a com- S. Hege and Edgar B. Henderson to investigate and report on his attack against the federation and its president, Dr. George C. Havenner, for failure to support the poll. The committee was instructed to inquire into the history of Mr. Riegel's ',mmm before he came | lege. to Washi . Appointment of . the investigating committee was authorized in a resolu- tion introduced by James G.' Yaden, former president of the federation, and adopted with but few dissenting votes. The resolution declared that Riegel had not. only “severely” criticized Dr. Hav- enner, but had “indicted” the entire federation. Hissing Enlivens Debate. | « | Special Dispatch to The Star. [CHESTER, 1and 19, it was announced today by J. Victor Arthur, (Continued on Page 3, Column 2.) (Continued on Page 2, Column 2.) 31-Hour Coast-to-Coast Air Route Fixed: Mail Service Startit}g and defeated | & | as a crime by act 100 the | sought to 'WASHINGTON, D. C, —— INPEACHED, LONG | AWAITS TRIAL BY LOUISIANA SENATE House Votes Indictment, Charging Attempted Suppres- sion of Press Freedom, —_— STORMY SCENE MARKS PERIOD BEFORE VOTE 18 Other Charges Remain to Be Considered Against Accused Governor. By the Associated Press. BATON ROUGE, La., April 6.—The | Louisiana Senate organized itself into a | court of impeachment this evening for trial of Gov. Huey P. Long, who earlier in the day was indicted by the House on one of the 19 charges of an | impeachment resolutfon. Chief Justice Charles A. O'Neill of the State Supreme Court was sworn in as judge of the Senate court at| 5:30 pm. Lieut. Gov. Cyr retired from the; chair and Justice O'Neill swore in the Senators as jurors and announced the formation of a court. After reading of the resolution carrying the impeach- ment indictment the court recessed until next Thursday. The House ad- journed until Tuesday. Leaving consideration of the other 18 charges against the governor until next week, the House, by vote of 58 to 40, today handed down an indictment charging the governor with attempting to suppress the freedom of the press, specifically threatening Charles P. Manship, Baton Rouge publisher, with public exposure of the fact that the publisher’s brother was an inmate in the insane asylum unless he stopped an editorial attack upon the governor's tax on oil. ‘The count read: “That the said Huey P. Long did while Governor of the State of Louisi- | ang his jocular letter yesterday to the State Secretary injected a light touch in the perplexing situation confronting Capital society over whether Mrs. Gann is | to be accorded the recognition demanded by her brother. ana, and in the City of Baton Rouge, d in a public place, on or about the 20th day of March, 1929, intrude him- threaten and attempt to in- upon, timidate Charles P. Manship, owner and | his problem.. Mr. Curtis has declared | impossible for many socially minded | publisher of the Daily State Times, a newspaper published in the City of Baton Rouge, and did threaten to make | pelow the wives of foreign diplomats at|and financial ambitions. Many known and to cause to make pul kniown the ties of & said Manship’s family as & and intimidation,.of :the in the exercise of his rig] of the State of :mm?t press in lawfully ing wfl':;' legislation in Legislal m special of 1929, all of which in contempt of the laws of the State of Loulsiana, and particularly denounced the Legis- lature of 1908.” Foes Victorious in Stormy Scene. The vote was taken during a storm on the floor, where the governor’s sup- porters 'sought to push back the in- evitable impeachment. They yelled and ushed about, resorted to all forms of feflshtivn maneuvers to prevent the vote, but advocates of impeachment had the mfimkfin in hand and forced over the roll call. During the riotous session of the House Gov. Long sat with a few close friends in his office directly under the House chamber, and to an inquiry sent back the message: % “1 have nothing to say. He had directed the battle from the office and his cohorts went down to de- feat fighting to the very last. After the vote, one of the floor leaders, Rep- resentative McClanahan of Caldwell, do his fighting with his fists, and turned on Representative Woods of New Orleans. Members rushed in between them. A few moments before the vote was ordered, Representative Delesdernier of Plaquemines ran to the loud speaker microphone in front of the chamber and in a voice trembling with passion began an address in which he sought to compare the drive against Gov. Long with .that of the crucifixion upon the cross. Long Supporter Collapses. A meniber sought to stop him on the point of sacrilegious utterances, and during the excitement, the Plaguemines Representative exclaimed: “’l:,n my life, but spare me my privi- He collapsed in a heap at the foot of the microphone and members rushed to his aid, throwing a glass of water in his face and lifting to a chair, where he was fanned. APPLE BLOOM FESTIVAL WILL OPEN ON APRIL 18| Dates Set After Committee of Hor-| sectiol . ticultural Experts Makes Report. WIN , Va, April 6.—The sixth annual Shenandoah Apple Blos~ som Festival will be held here April 18 director general, fol- district, would blossom during the of April. Under favorable blossoms will remein May 1 Cuts12 Hours| ;-;% for_the on trees i PRESZT Ho ARESENTED i :,:g'( J PASS TeALL Byl G‘"‘lfs / .. 'WORLD COURT ACTION URGED | BY NORRIS IN GANN DISPUTE| lSenator Deals Sarca.sticilly With Social Precedence Issue Here in Lettg",r By the Associated Press. Secretary of State Stimson was asked in a letter yesterday by Senafor | Norris, Republican, of Nebraska, either to announce a decision on where Mrs. | Edward Everett Gann, sister and hostess of Vice President Curtis, shall sit at official dinners or refer the problem to the World Court. Senator Norris is recognized fn the Mr. Stimson remains closeted with of former He does not regard the ruli nn ranks Secretary Kellogg that Mrs, My Dear Mr. Secretary: “1 most earfestly urge you to hurry your decision on the extremely im- important social activities. Until it is | "N known definitely where the Vice Presi- to Stimson. Sendte as a master of wit-and humor dent's sister is going to sit, it will be | Washingtonians to properly shine in soclety, in accordance with their social social and HODVER PLEASED “GRUDGE FIAT' WITH FISHING SITE President and Party Select Three Places for Location of Camp. By the Associated Press. President Hoover returned to Wash- ington last night from his first inspec- tion of his Virginia fishing preserve well satisfled with the preparations that have been made for indulging in his favorite sport. To reach the spot he made a journey of approximately 100 miles over roads and trails of such a variegated nature that it was necessary to abandon the White House limousines for smaller cars, then proceed.by horseback and finally to complete the trip on foot, Does No Fishing on Trip. we! Mr. Hoover had planned to do & lif- | thal tle fishing, but the major purpose of his visit was to look the preserve over with a view to selecting a site where Army tents may be pitched when he visits the preserve for an overnight stay. But time was limited, and after h:, Arl glpe wm«-o:' zlchun‘h 5 = ! Mdmlhumdnmnw geant burst ENDS IN SLAYING Sergeant at Fort Humphreys - Fatally Wounds Private, - Turns Gun on Self. Special Dispatch to The Star. FORT HUMPHREYS, Va., April 6. —A grudge fight between two soldiers here yesterday was climaxed today when Sergt. John Doherty, 40 stalked into the squad room where some 40 men were polishing equipment for an in- spection and fired five bullets into Private Duane Morrison, fatally wound- ing_him. ' Holding bystanders at bay with his pistol he then sent a bullet into his own head. ~ He died instantly. wounded private was taken io ital in Wi | Xur-mlew.cheur-‘ h' the door of the| .mmrclmltluumthol’ until he came face to face here's where you 5" e Sada, drawing meet your t you come in. MNARY SAYS FARM BILL WILL BE READY Measure Can Be Put Before Senate as Soon‘as Hoover’s Message Is Given, He Says. BY G. GOULD LINCOLN., The Senate committee on agriculture will have a farm relief bill ready to toss into the Senate as soon as President Hoover's message to the special session of Congress has been delivered, Senator McNary of Oregon said last night. As chairman of the Senate committee, Senator MeNary will call the committee together by Wednesday for the purpose of drafting a bill, he sald. The hear- ings before the committee, which be- gan two weeks ago, were concluded yes- terday. 3t is Senator McNary’s intention to press for consideration of the farm bill without delay. In this he is backed up by Senator Watson, the new Republican leader of the Senate. If their plans are carried out, the bill will be kept be- fore the Senate continuously until it is voted upon. House Members Draft Bill. The House committee completed its .he-nnn 1ast week, too, and & subcom- mittee of five members is at present working on a draft of the measure. The impression grows ‘stronger that the bill when finally put into shape for report to the Senate and to the House will resemble, in general outline, the measure which already has been pre- pared by Senator McNary, providing for the creation of the Federal Farm Board with wide powers and creating a revolving !lmdh:& b'f muufl in the more orderly mar g O m?l There wllI’l be no equalization iee in either the Senate or House committee bill, nor any other -fixing or di- rect price. raising device, it is said. The bill which is put through will fol- jow the lines which President Hoover recommends, and it is belleved it will be much the same as the McNary bill Just after the Senate hearing closed yesterday, Senator McNary received a joint letter from the heads of Amer- jca’s three most ent farm or- ganizations, the National Grange, the American Farm Bureau Federation and the Farmers' Union, setting forth four “requisites” which they insisted should be 11_:(:[\;::‘2‘ h:.fily‘ hm;‘ relief program. e in part: “There are, in sour opinion, four requisites which must be met by any (Continued on Page 2, Column 6.) FIVE CENTS IN WASHINGTON AND SUBURBS MIDWEST STORM DEATHS PUT AT 20; MILLION DAMAGE 14 Are Reported Dead in| Wisconsin, 5 in Minnesota and 1 in lowa. PHOTOGRAPHS REVEAL | MANY SCENES OF HAVOC | In Some Cases, Few Boards Mark | Spot Where Farm Homes Had Stood. By the Associated Press. MINNEAPOLIS, Minn,, April 6— Panciful Spring storms that blew up | from nowhere and skipped through | Minnesota and Wisconsin late yester. day, tonight had built up a total of 20 fatalities and more than 100 injuries. Besides Minnesota and Wisconsin, Towa also felt the wind's forge and list- | ed one dead, a farmer at Little Rock. | Several persons were reported injured in the Northern part of the State, just | across the Minnesota line. ‘Wisconsin was the chief sufferer, 14 se—— U. 5. SENDS PLANES 10 STOP BOMBINGS ON AMERICAN SOIL Four Are Wounded on Arizona Side of Border in Naco Attack. TOPETE, AFTER WARNING, PROMISES TO DESIST Considerable Losses Beli?ved Sus- tained by Insurgents in Futile Assault, By the Associated Press. Rebel attacks on Naco yesterday re- sulted in the wounding of four persons north of the international line. ‘Those on American soil wounded in- cluded a United States Cavalry troop- er, shot in the chest: a civilian, slightly injured by a bomb dropped by & rebel plane, and a Mexican woman and child hit by spent bullets, ‘The War Department ordered 18 air- planes to Naco to prevent further bomb- ings. ‘The State Department asked that the rebel commander be sharply persons losing their lives and scores of | others suffering injuries ranging from ! scratches and bruises to fractured bones | and internal hurts. Pive of the total | number of dead were reported in Minnesota, two near Minneapolis and one each near Forest Lake, Lindstrom and Taylors Falls. Near Exeland, Wis., four deaths were | reported. Three were listed at Reeve | when three children were killed on the | farm of Mr. and Mrs. Richard Pittman; ! two were killed near Rice Lake and one | each at Clayton, Barron, Glenwood City and Wausau. The death near Wausau was that of Edwin Erdman, 32, | struck by lightning. Early reports from Rice Lake today | sald that three persons were mlmm[ | after the storm had passed near that | city, but a later check disclosed that | every one had been accounted for, of | the five reported dead. A 10-year-old son of Mrs. Ida Mover | died in Barron, Wis., hospital from in- | juries suffered when the farm home of L. Voll, near Barron, collapsed. Losses Estimated Over Million. ‘While accurate figures as to the | monetary loss must necessarily await a closer survey, ary ites ex- | ceeds the million-dollar mark, {*The'lndbe-tdownorbqunn western section of Wisconsin. Barron, 1 Rush and Sawyers Counties were hard- | est hit and parts of five other counties fln‘tdhlt district felt the wrath of the wind. One estimate from Barron the damage in that vicinity at $750,000, but it was impossible to check the accuracy of the report, Prom Glenwood City came an estimate that damage in. that dis- trict would reach $100,000 and might exceed that figure. Two Sterms Believed Joined. In Minnesots destruction wrought |in a 10-mile stretch through Chicago | County, particularly near Lindstrom, Iwu placed at $500,000, while in North Minneapolis the loss was placed at $100,000. Indications tonight were that two or ‘Minnesota. near fell on North Minneapolis. A third area of high winds wkich swept Northward from Southern Min- nesots did little damage. It, too, was belleved to have joined with the others north of the Twin Cities before the three descended on Chicago County and ‘Wisconsin as one. { Of the five dead reported in Minne- sota four were farmers whose homes were demolished by the wind and the fifth was that of & motorist, whose car was wrecked on a highway by timbers blown onto the road by the storm. Reports trickled in slowly from the stormswept * sections, adding to the death list hourly as new fafalities were made known. , It was feared -that when wire communications are fully _re- TODAY’S STAR PART ONE—28 PAGES. General News—Local, National Foreign. Schools and Colleges—] 12. ‘M Community CEnters—Fage 6. PART TWO—14 PAfll!n- a D. A R. es—Page 8 Financial News—Pages 9, 10 and 11. PART THREE—I12 PAGES. Society. PART FOUR~—20 PAGES. Amusement Section—Theater, and Music. News of the Motor World—Pages 5, and 8. Aviation Activities—Pages 9 and 10. Ragged Princess"— Serial Story, “The Page 11. News of the Clubs—Pages 11 and 20./8 Fratern: vmrm:lo’:mrrlm%f' ‘e ar—] 3 W. C. T, U. Activities—RPage 14. his sutomatic. | Cross=! and | d Edi- (Continued on Page 14, Column 3.) MID-JULY WEATHER IN CAPITAL FOR DAY Mercury Climbs to 92 at 4 P.M., | Marking One of Warmest April I. mMemperatures on Record. A foretaste of sizzling days of mid- | July is the Weather Bureau's proi to Washingtonians for today. And behind the anmouncement of “fgir and continued warm” is the entry in the books for yesterday recording that the thermometer climbed to 92 de- grees at 4 pm. to mark one of the warmest April days on record. That LA it mnl:dr 10 ~ the year April, however, a mark of 95 degrees ha ‘been reached one year. of records, the Weather activity today. Increasing cloudiness is predicted for ! tomorrow. j farm homes and buildings in an area | roughly 100 miles square in the north- | T rebuked. The Navy sent a destroyer from San Diego to protect Americans in Sinaloa. For three hours Arizonan Naco heard the whine of tifle and machine- gun bullets. Calls Halt on Naco Raids. NACO, Ariz. April 6—Capt. T. M. Rundel, courier for Brig. Gen. Prank S. Cocheu, commanding United States troops along the border, returned to the American Army camp here this after- noon with' assurances from rebel Gen. Fausto Topete that no more bombs would be dropped on the Mexican fed- eral garrison at Naco, Sonora. Eight bombs were dropped on fed- eral entrenchments here this afternoon in & renewal of hostilities by rebel air- men. Gen. Topete had his troops con- centrated just out of federal gun range. Whether he was preparing to assault Naco again was not learned. Following dropping of the bomb on the American side, Capt. T. M. Rundel was detailed to carry a message of warning to the rebels for Gen. Cocheu. Maj. Charles Hazeltine of the United States troops asked Gen. Gonzalez to allow himself or Rundel to pass through the federal trenches with a white flag. but Gonzalez refused, saying that such action might be interpreted as 3 sign f surrender. the border seyeral reached Gen. p] bullets falling into Naco, Ariz., during the morning’s battle. ‘Topete said that he would instruct his pilots to attack the federal town hereafter only with machine guns. A squadron of 18 United States pur- suit and observation planes was ex- pected at Fort Huachuca. Ariz. late today to guard against further crossing of the international line by either rebel or federal planes. It was expected that some of the pursuit planes would" be sent to Naco, Ariz. Attacl in force today the rebel troops of . Topete failed to defeat the defending forces of Gen. Lucas Gonzalez and were driven back with apparently considerable losses. Al- though the casualties on neither side could be definitely determined, the fed- erals were reported to have suffered the Preceding the opening of the battle early in the day an American trooper, Prvt. John Finezee, colored, 10th Cav- alry, was shot in the chest in a brief encounter between a United States patrol and Mexicans believed o have been rebels at the border eight miles east of here, Other ties on the American side of the line during the battle were listed as two Mexicans, & girl and a woman, who were slightly wounded by rifie bullets. 4 Bomb Dropped on U. S. Side. A rebel plane attacking the federal trenches dropped a bomb on the Ari- zona side of the line. It 50 feet from the Western Union Telegraph office where rewspaper corresponden! and telegraphers were working, shat- tering windows and starting a fire in a trash pile. Charles Newton was slight- ly wounded in the leg by a fragment 6f the bomb which fell in the back yard of his home. Brig. Gen. Prank S. Gocheu, in charge of the American border forces here, reported this inei- dent to Washington and sent a pro- test to Gen. Topete. “rAyerlA;les.'htann. inlhntr,v and cav- of the revolut: forces launched the 1m-thrumm:x?d attack upon Naco. The city was defended by 800 federal troops augmented to nearly 1,100 during progress of the battle by arrival of a train of Mexican soldiers mise | Who had been interned at Fort Bliss, Tex. The rebel attackers numbered upward of 1,500. Two airplanes, two tanks, about cavalrymen and columns of mtlnm Joined in the rebel onslaught shortly after dawn. These forces by noon suc- the h;mt line trenches, despite a with- .. Rifle and machine firg from the federal trenches wum by a single plece of artillery, a 1-pounder. Improvised Tanks Used. Rebel tanks, converted from tractors, pushed their armor-) snouts up to the federal en out. streaks of bullets farm its from c machine guns while federal (Continued on Page 4, Column 6.) Sour “Lullabies” to Be Tried to Drive Starlings From Springfield Roosts T. W. Pearson,