Evening Star Newspaper, March 4, 1929, Page 4

ISRECARD OF LAW HELD AS MENACE Correction Steps Will Be Taken—Promotion of World Peace Pledged. (Continued From First Page.) involved in the settlements of contro- versies between other countries.” His recent visit to the countries of Central and South America and his reception in those countries, he said, have demonstrated the friendliness which exists between this country and the Latin American republics. His statement that “we wish only for maintenance of their independence, the growth of their stability and their pros- perity sounds a note which will be well received in the southern republics. ‘The President regards the general election as a mandate to carry out the pledges made by himself and his party during the campaign. He announced that he will call a special session of Congress to deal with farm relief and tariff pevision—which has been known for some time, but is now officially stated. Of particular significance, however, was the President’s reference to tariff revision. He asserted that “limited changes” in the tariff should be made, which gives a clear indication that he does not intend to permit a runaway race to raise the tariff duties to in- ordinate heights. Refrains from Farm or Tariff Discussion. ‘The President refrained from any de- talled discussion either of the farm problema or the tariff, however, for he will deal with those subjects in his message to the special session of the new Congress, which he plans to con- vene in April. He listed the other “mandates” of the election as follows: The maintenance of the integrity of the Constitution, vigorous enforcement of the laws, the continuance of economy in public ex- iture, the continued regulation of ess to prevent domination in the community, the denial of ownership or operation of business by the Govern- ment in competition with its citizens, the avoidance of policies which would involve the Tnited States in the contro- versies of foreign nations, the more effective reorganization of the depart- ments of the Federal Government, the expansion of public works and the pro- motion of welfare activities affecting education and the home. ‘This is an impressive list of subjects to be tackled by the incoming admin- istration. The President’s stressing of the need for continuatice of the policy of economy in Government expenditure laid down by the Coolidge administra- tion is considered particularly signifi- cant. President Hoover in this inaugural address, which is comparatively brief, demonstrated his ability to say much in a few words, and a talent for put- ting his ;;“lumenu into epigrammatic progress to higher standards; they are not prob- lems of neration. They demand thought, they serve to quicken the conscience and enlist our sense of re- ibility for their settlement. And responsibility rests upon you, my 1 as much as upon those of us who have been selected for office.” The President’s final note was one of lfl%l:lg’:nd belief in God. He said: presence of my countrymen, mindful of the solemnity of this ecca- aion, knot what the task means and the responsibility which it involves, I beg your tolerance, your aid and your R e e 4 A service to my coun- try to which you have called me.” My Countrymen: This occasion is not alone the ad- ministration of the most sacred oath which can be assumed by an Amer- ican citizen. It is a dedication and consecration under God to the high- est office in service of our peodfle. I assume this trust in the humility of knowledge that only through the guidance of Almighty Providence can I hope to discharge its ever- increasing burdens. It is in keeping with tradition throughout our history that I should express simply and directly the opin- ions which I hold concerning some of the matters of present impor- ey the situation of our Nation both at home and abroad, we find many satisfactions; we find some causes for concern. We have emerged from the losses of the great war and the reconstruction follow- ing it with increased virility and strength. From this strength we have contributed to the recovery and rrosrul of the world. What Amer- ica has done has given renewed hope and courage to all who have faith in government by the people. In the large view, we have reached a higher degree of comfort and se- curity than ever existed before in the history of the world. Through liberation from widespread poverty we have reached a her degree of individual freedom than ever before. The devotion to and con- cern for our institutions are deep and sincere. We are steadily build- ing a new race—a new civilization great in its own attainments. The influence and high purposes of our Nation are respected among the peo- ples of the world. We aspire to dis- tinction in the world, but to a dis- tinction based upon confidence in our sense of justice as well as our accomplishments within our own borders and in our own lives. For wise guidance in this great period of recovery the Nation is deeply indebted to Calvin Coolidge. But all this majestic advance should not obscure the constant dangers from which self-government must be safeguarded. The strong man must at all times be alert to the attack of insidious disease. The Failure of Our System Of Criminal Justice. The most malign of all these dan- gers today is disregard and disobe- dience of law. Crime is increasing. Confidence in rigid and speedy jus- tice is decreasing. I am not pre- pared to belleve that this indicates any decay in the moral fiber of the American people. I am not pre- pared to believe that it indicates an impotence of the Federal Gov- ernment to enforce its laws. It is only in part due to the addi- tional burdens imposed upon our judicial system by the Eighteenth The problem is much mumctm&;lh ln'il:e\we; ly comp) an Taniiation Song before the acoption ore adoption of the eighteenth amendment. ‘To re-establish the vigor and ef- fectiveness of law enforcement we must_critically consider the entire Federal machinery of justice, the redistribution of its functions, the simplification of its ure, the provision of additional special tribu- nals, the better selection of juries, and the more effective organization of our agencies of investigation and prosecution that justice may be sure and that it may be swift. While the authority of the Federal Govern- ment extends to but of our vast system of National, State and local _justice, yet the standards which the Federal Government es- tablishes have the most profound influence upon the whole structure. ‘We are fortunate in the ability and integrity of our Federal judges and attorneys. But the system which these officers are called upon to administer is in many respects ill- adapted to present-day conditions. DETECTIVES ON J0B T0 GUARD VISITORS Suspected Pickpockets Are Watched—Five Arrested on Suspicion. the inauguration - crowds ag! pickpockets, detectives are ar- Testing all suspicious characters and mmmmy recognize as having police Two were arrested by Detective P. Ilurrhy. of the Baltimore force, who told local_authorities they were from the Maryland city and ‘that each has a criminal record. Another, from Ken- tucky, was taken into custody several later by Headquarters Detective Cole. and later in the day two New Yorkers weer brought to headquar- .ters and booked for investigation by R. Detastve. Prank 5, Helarihg of o Le ank J. al of Buf- dolo. N. Y. % . The officers say they saw the New Yotk pair first at Fourteenth street and Pennsylvania avenue and followed them 10 a spot in front of the White House. ‘They did not see the suspects steal anything, they say, but noticed that ‘they always sought a path through thickest crowds. Unless police find such persons picked up are wanted for some offense, they ¢ will be released following the inaugural ceremonies. LOS ANGELES ON WAY | T0 LEAD AIR DISPLAY . Dirigible to Be Met Over Marlboro, Md., by Navy Blimps J-3 and J-4 and Army Craft TC-5 and TC-10. By the Associated Press NAVAL AIR STATION. LAKE- + HURST, N. J, March 4—The Navy dirigible Los Angeles, which is to lead the display of lighter-than-air craft over the inaugural pa lay, cast Joose from the mooring mast here this morning and headed toward Washing- ton. Lieut. Comdr. Charles E. Rosendahl, in command of the ship, planned to meet the Navy blimps J-3 and J-4 and the Army craft TC-5 and TC-10 in the air over Marlboro, Md. Forty-nine officers and men, three hewspaper men and & cameraman were ®board the airship. ARRIVE FOR PROXY CLASH. CHICAGO, March 4 () —Winthrop ‘W. Aldrich and party arrived in Chicago today to establish headquarters for their fight to oust Col. Robert W. Stewart as chairman of the board of directors of the Standard Ofl Co. of Indiana. ' _With Mr. Winthrop, who represents Wohn D. Rockefeller, jr., in the scramble g:; proxies, were John D. Debevoise and lliam Roberts. The party remained 4n a private car for some time after the Wain pulled into the station. Its intricate and involved rules of procedure have become the refuge of both big and little criminals. ‘There is a belief abroad that by in- voking technicalities, subterfuge and _Aelay the ends of justice may be t-hnm‘. d by those who can pay the cos Reform, reorganization and ning of our whole judicial and enforcement system both in civil and criminal have been advo- cated for years by statesmen, judges and bar associations. First steps to- ward that end should not longer be delayed. Rigid and expeditious Justice is the first safeguard of free- dom, the basis of all ordered liberty, the vital force of progress. It must not come to be in our Republic that it can be defeated by-the indifference of the citizen, by exploitation of the delays and entangiements of the law, or by combinations of criminals. Justice must not fail because the agencies of enforcement are either delinquent or inefficiently organized. To consider these evils, to find their Temedy, is the most sore necessity of our times. Enforcement of the Eighteenth Amendment. Of the undoubted abuses which have grown up under the eighteenth amendment, part are due to the causes I have just mentioned; but part are due to the failure of some States to accept their share of re- y State and local officials to accept the obligation under their oath of office zealously to enforce the laws. With the failures from these many causes has come a dangerous expansion in the criminal elements who have found enlarged opportunities in dealing in illegal liquor. But a large responsibility rests directly upon our citizens. There would be little trafic in illegal liquor if only criminals patronized it. We must awake to the fact that this patronage from large numbers of law-abiding citizens 1s supplying the rewards and stimulating crime. 1 pave been selected by you to execute and enforce :uhedhm g :ge country. I propose o 80 e :xun{yof my own abilities, but the measure of success that the Govern- ment shall attain will depend upon the moral support which you, as citizens, extend. The duty of citizens to support the laws of the land is co-equal with the duty of their gov- ernment to enforce the laws which exist. No greater national service can be given by men and women of good will—who, I know, are not un- mindful of the responsibilities of citizenship—than that they should, by their example, assist in stamping out crime and outlawry by retunnq participation in and condemning all transactions with illegal liquor. Our whole system of self-government will crumble either if officials elect what laws they will enforce or citizens elect what laws they will support. ‘The worst evil of disregard for some law is that it destroys respect for all law. For our citizens to patronize the violation of & particular law on the ground that they are opposed to it is destructive of the very basis of all that protection of life, of homes and property which they rightly claim under other laws. If * citizens do nob-like a law, their duty 28 honest, mn..lng'lo/ en is to die- courage its violation; * right is openly to work for its repeal. p"l’\) yxhou of criminal mind there can be no appeal but vigorous en- forcement of the law. Fortunately they are but & small percentage of our people. Their activities must be stopped. A National Investigation. 1 propose to appoint a national tonu:lsnon for a searching investi- gation of the whole structure of our Federal system of jurisprudence, to include the method of enforcement of the eighteenth amendment and the causes of abuse under it. Its purpose will be to make such recommenda- tions for reorganization of the ad- ministration of. Federal laws and court procedure as may be found desirable. In the meantime it is es- sential that a large part of the en- forcement activities be transferred from the Treasury Department to i\ e Department of Justice as a be- ginning of more effective organiza- tion. The Relation of Government to Business. The election has again confirmed the determination of the American people that regulation of private en- terprise and not Government owner- ship or operation is the course rightly to be pursued in our relation to business. In recent years we have established a differentiation in the whole method of business regu- lation between the industries which produce and distribute commodities on the one hand, and public utilities on the other.- In the former, our laws insist upon effective competi- tion: in the latter, because we sub- stantially confer a monoply by Jimit- ing competition, we must regulate their services and rates. The rigid enforcement of the laws applicable to both groups is the very base of equal opportunity and freedom from domination for all our people, and it is just as essential for the stabil- ity and prosperity of business itself as for the protection of the public at large. Such regulation should be extended by the Federal Government within the limitations of the Con- stitution and only when the indi- vidual States are without power to protect their citizens through their own authority. On the other hand, we should be fearless when the au- thority rests only in the Federal Government. . Co-Operation by the Government. ‘The larger purpose of our economic thought should be to establish more firmly stability and security of busi- ness and employment and thereby remove poverty still further from our borders. Our people have in recent years developed a new-found capacity for co-operation - among themselves to effect high purposes in public welfare. It is an advance toward the highest conception of self-government. _ Self-government does not and should not imply the use of political agencies alone. Progress is born of co-operation in the community—not from govern- mental restraints. The Government should assist and encourage these movements of collective self-help by itself co-operating with them. Busi- ness has by co-operation niade great progress in the advancement of serv- ice, in stability, in regularity of em- ployment and in the correction of its own abuses. Such progress, how- ever, can continue only so long as business manifests its respect for law. There is an equally important field of co-operation by the Federal Gov- ernment with the multitude -of agencies, State, municipal and pri- vate, in the systematic development of those which directly affect public health, recreation, edu- cation and the home. We have need further to perfect the means by which Government can be adapted to human service. Education. Although education is primarily a responsibility of the States and local communities, and rightly so, yet the Nation as & whole is vitally con- cerned in its development every- where to the highest standards and to complete universality. Self-gov- ernment can succeed only through an instructed electorate. Our ob- jective is not simply to overcome illiteracy. The Nation has marched far beyond that. The more complex the problems of the Nation become, the greater is the need for more and more advanced instruction. More- over, as our numbers increase and as our life expands with science and invention, we must discover more and more leaders for every walk of life. We cannot hope to succeed in directing this increasingly complex civilization unless we can draw all the talent of leadership from the whole people. One civilization after another has been wrecked upon the attempt to secure sufficient leader- ship from a single group or class. It we would prevent the growth of class distinctions and would con- stantly refresh our -leadership with the ideals of our people, we must draw constantly from the general mass. The full opportunity for every boy and girl to rise through the se- lective processes of education can alone secure to us this leadership. Public Health. In public health the discoveries of sclence have opened a new era. Many sections of our country and many groups of our citizens suffer from diseases, the eradication of which are mere matters of admin- istration and moderate expenditure. Public health service should be as fully organized and as universally incorporated into our governmental system as is public education. The returns are a thousand fold in eco- nomic benefits, and infinitely more in reduction of suffering and pro- motion of human happiness. World Peace. ‘The United States fully accepts the profound truth that our own progress, prosperity and peace are interlocked with the progress, pros- perity and peace of all humanity. The whole world is at peace. The dangers to a continuation of this ppace today are largely the fear and suspicion which still haunt the world. No suspicion or fear can be rightly directed toward our country. Those who have a true under- standing of America know that we have no desire for territorial ex- pansion, for economic or other dom- ination of other peoples. Such pur- poses are repugnant to our ideals of human freedom. Our form of government is ill adapted to the responsibilities which incvitably fol- low permanent limitation of the independence of other peoples. Su- perficial observers seem to find no destiny for our abounding increase in population, in wealth and power except that of imperialism. They fail to see that the American people are engrossed in the building for themselves of a new economic sys- tem, a new soclal system, a new political system—all of which are « characterized by aspirations ¢f free- dom of opportunity and theréby are the negation of imperialism. They fall to realize that because of our abounding prosperity our youth are pressing more and more into our Institutions of learning: that our people are seeking a larger vision through art, literature, science and travel; that they are moving toward stronger moral and spiritual life— that from these things our sympa- thies are broadening beyond the bounds of our Nation and race to- ward their true expression in a real brotherhood of man. They fail to see that the idealism of America will lead it to no narrow or selfish channel, but inspire it to do its full share as a Nation toward the ad- vancement of civilization. It will do that not by mere declaration but by taking a practical part in sup- porting all useful international un- dertakings. We not only desire peace with the world, but to see peace maintained throaghout the world. We wish to advance the reign of justice and reason toward the extinction of force. The recent treaty for the re- nunciation of war as an instrument of national policy sets an advanced standard in our conception of the relations of nations. Its acceptance should puve the way to greater lim- itation of armament, the offer of which we sincerely extend to the world. But its full realization also implies a greater and grcater per- fection in the instrumentalities for pacific settlement of controversies between nations. In the creation and use of these instrumentalities we should support every sound method of conciliation, arbitration and judicial settlement. ~American statesmen were among the first to propose and they have constantly urged upon the world the establish- ment of a tribunal for the sett] ment of controversies of a justici ble character. The Permanent Court of International Justice in its major purpose is thus peculiarly identified with American ideals and with American statesmanship. No more potent instrumentality for this pur- pose has ever been conceived and no other is practicable of establish- ment. The reservations placed upon our adherence should not be misin- terpreted. The United States seeks by these reservations no special privilege or advantage but only to clarify our relation to advisory opin- fons and other matters which are subsidiary to the major purpose of the court. The way should, and I believe will, be found by which we may take our proper place in a movement so fundamental to the progress of peace. Our people have determined that ‘we should make no political engage- ments such as membership in the League of Nations, which may com- mit us in advance as a Nation to be- come involved in the settlements of controversies between other coun- . They adhere to the belief that the independence of America from such obligations increases its ability and availability for service in all flelds of human progress. \ I have lately returned from a jour- neys among our sister republics of the Western Hemisphere. I have re- ceived unbounded hospitality and courtesy as their expression of friendliness to our country. We are held by particular bonds of sym- pathy and common interest with them. They are each of them build- ing a racial character and a cul- ture which is an impressive contri- bution to human progress. We wish only for the maintenance of their lnderendence, the growth of their stability and their prosperity. While we have had wars in the Western Hemisphere yet on the whole the record is in encouraging contrast ‘with that of other parts of the world. Fortunately the New World is largely free from the inheritances of fear and distrust which have so troubled the Old Wordl. We should keep it so, It is imj ble my countrymen, to speak of peace without profound emotion. In thousands of homes in America, in millions of homes around the world, there are vacant chairs. It would be a shameful confession of our unworthiness if it should de- velop that we abandoned the hopes for which all these men died. Surely civilization is old enough, surely mankind is mature enough so that we ought in our own lifetime to find & way to permanent peace. Amroad to west and east, are na- tions whose sons mingléd their blood with the blood of our sons on the battlefields. Most of these nations have contributed to our race, to our culture, our knowledge and our progress. From one of them we de- rive our very language and from many of them much of the genius of our institutions. Their desire for peace is as deep and sincere as our own. Peace can be contributed to by re- spect for our abllity in defense. Peace can be promoted by the limita- tion of arms and by the creation of the instrumentalities for peaceful settlement of controversies. But it will become a reality only through self-restraint and active effort in friendliness and helpfulness. I covet for this administration a record of having further contributed to ad- vance the cause of peace. Party Responsibilities. In our form of democracy the ex- pression of the popular will can be effected only through the instru- mentality of political parties. We maintain party government not to promote intolerant partisanship, but because opportunity must be given for expression of the popular will, and organization provided for the execution of its mandates and for accountability of government to the people. It follows that the Gov- ernment, both in the executive and the legislative branches, must carry out in good faith the platforms upon which the party was intrusted with power. But the Government is that of the whole people; the party is the instrument through which policies are determined and men chosen to bring them into being. The ani- mosities of elections should have no place in our Government, for govern- ment must concern itself alone with the common weal. President Hoover’s Inaugural Address Revision of Criminal Procedure Urged to Close Loopholes of Escape on Legal Points. Disregard and Disobedience of Laws Held Danger to U. S.—Asks Citizens to Help. Special Session of the Congress. Action upon some of the - posals upon which the Republican party was returned to power, par- ticularly further sgricultural relfef and limited changes in the tariff, cannot in justice to our farmers, our labdr and our manufacturers be postponed. I shall therefore request a special session of Congress for the consideration of these two questions. 1 shall deal with esch of them upon the assembly of the Congress. Other Mandates From The Election. It appears to me that the more important further mandates from the recent election were the main- tendnce of the integrity of the Con- stitution, the vigorous enforcement of the laws, the continuance of economy in public expenditure, the continued regulation of business to prevent domination in the com- munity, the denial of ownership or operation of business by the Gov- ernment in competition with its citizens, the advoidance of policies ‘which would involve us in the con- troversies of foreign nations, the more effective reorganization of the departments of the Federal Govern- ment, the expansion of public works and the promotion of welfare activi- ties affecting education and the home. These were the more tangible de- terminations of the election, but beyond them was the confidence and belief of the people that we would not neglect the support of the em- bedded ideals and aspirations of America. These ideals and aspira- tions are the touchstones upon which the day-to-day administration and legislative acts of government must be tested. More than this, the Government must, so far as lles within its proper powers, give leadership to the realization of these ideals and to the fruition of these aspirations. No one can adequately reduce these things to the spirit of phrases or to a catalogue of defini- tions. We do know what the at- tainments of these ideals should be: The preservation of self-government and its full foundations in local gov- ernment; the perfection of justice whether in economic or in soclal flelds; the maintenance of ordered liberty; the denial of domination by any group or class; the building up and preservation of equality of op- portunity; the stimulation of initia- tive and individuality: absolute in- tegrity in public affairs; the choice of officials for fitness to office; the direction of economic progress to- ward prosperity and the further les- sening of poverty: the freedom of public opinion; the sustaining of education and of the advancement of knowledge; the growth of religious spirit and the tolerance of all faiths; the strengthening of the home; the advancement of peace. There is no short road to the reali- zation of these aspirations. Ours is a progressive people, but with a determination that progress must be based upon the foundation of ex- perience. Ill-considered remedies for our faults bring only penaltles after them. But if we hold the faith of the men in our mighty past who created these ideals, we shall leave them heightened and strength- ened for our children. Conclusion. ‘This is not the time and place for extended discussion. The questions before our country are problems of progress to higher standards; they are not the problems of degenera- tion. They demand thought and they serve to quicken the conscience and enlist our sense of responsibility for their settlement. And that re- sponsibility rests upon you, countrymen, as much as upon of us who have been selected for office. Ours is a land rich in resources; stimulating in its glorious beauty; filled with millions of happy homes: blessed with comfort and og;:rtu- nity. In no nation are the institu- . tlons of progress more advanced. In no nation are the fruits of accom- plishment more secure. In no na- tion is the government more worthy of respect. No country is more loved by its people. I have an abid- ing faith in their capacity, integrity and high purpose. I have no fears for the future of our country. It is bright with hope. In the presence of my country- men, mindful of the solemnity of this occasion, knowing what the task means and_the responsibility which it involves, I beg your tolerance, your aid and your co-operation. I ask the help of Almighty God in this service to my country to which you have called me. STIMSON GUEST TODAY OF JAPANESE PREMIER Governor General of Philippines on ‘Way Here to Be Secretary of State Reaches Kobe. By the Associated Press. ‘TOKIO, March 4—Henry L. Stimson, Governor General of the Philippines, who is en route to Washington to assume the post of Secretary of State, arrived at Kobe late last night. He will proceed to Tokio today, where he will be guest of honor at a dinner given by Premier Tanaka. The entire Japanese ‘cabinet, forelgn diplomats and many distinguished Japanese leaders will be present. While the dinner is announced as strictly private, official circles and the press places much sig- nificance upon the personal contact be- tween the future Secretary of State and Japanese leaders, especially, recalling that Mr. Stimson recently met C. T. Wang, foreign minister of the Chinese Nationalist government at Shanghai. Mr. Stimson will sail from Yokohama on Tuesday. my Highlights of Hoover Address By the Assocliated Press. President Hoover's inaugural address | desi) bristled with epigrammatic statemente. Here are some of them: “We .are steadily building a new race—a new civilization great in its own attainments.” “Rigid and expeditious justice is the first safeguard of fredom, the basis of all ordered liberty, the vital force of progress.” “There would be little traffic in illegal liquor if orly criminals patronized it.” “The duty of citizens to support the laws is co-equal with the duty of their Go‘;"emmen! to enforce the laws which exist.” “Our whole system of self-govern- ment will crumble either if officials elect what laws they will enforce or clthtcnl elect what laws they will sup- port.” “Those who bave a true understand: chpVGi, ALEGHIS And. DIFD PuTpOse: ing of America know that we have no ire for territorial expansion for economic or other domination of other peoples.” “We not only desire peace with the world, but to see peace maintained throughout the world.” “Peace can be contributed to by re- spect for our ability in defense.” “The animosities of elections should have no place in our Government, for government must concern itself alone with the common weal.” “Tll-considered remedies for our faults bring only penalties after them.” “Ours is a land rich in resources; stimulating in its glorious beauty; filled with millions of )y homes; blessed with comfort and"§pportunity.” “No country is more loved by its CURTIS PROMISES T0 SPEED UP WORK Imposing Assemblage Wit- nesses Swearing In of Vice President. (copcinued From First Page.) statement that with the time of part- ing “between friends there is no place for acrimony.” he said, he could not be true to his own conception of his duties to the office he had occupied without speaking again of the errors of the Senate, which alone of all great deliberative bodies of the world had parted with the power to allot its time to the subject before it according to its relative importance. ‘The sincerity and spirit of co-opera- tion which have marked the legislative career of the new Vice President stood out in his inaugural address, as he outlined what he regards to be the duties and responsibilities of the office upon which he is entering. “He is not one of the makers of the law, nor is he consulted about the rules adopted to govern your actions,” Mr, Curtis declared, as he unfolded his view of the vice presidency. “His ob- ligations to the people of the country to whom he owes his high position and his duty to you, Senators, call for a fair and impartial construction of the rules which you, yourselves, have adopted and which you alone may change.” He told his former associates that without their co-operation “little can be done,” that he hoped to sense their | desires “and to expedite the bu.slness‘ of the Senate in an orderly and speedy manner.” He voiced confidence that “with a whole-hearted spirit of co-op- eration between us, I am certain your achievements in the Congress before us will redound to the immediate and ultimate good of all.” New Senate Called Into Session. Following the administering of the oath and the addresses of the retiring and incoming Vice Presidents, proclamation was read receive nominations or any other com- munications the new President may have to . The program in the Senate chamber then came to an end with the swearing in of 32 Senators, 23 of whom were re- elected, and 9 new arrivals. The inaugural address of Vice Presi- dent Curtis follows in full: “Senators: The United States Senate is today one of the most distinguished legislative bodies in the world—one of the greatest actual and potential pow- ers for the promotion and advancement of civilization. Its personnel is of a caliber equal to if not the superior of any previous body heretofore assembled. Any individual, no matter how out- standing in the realms of leadership, political or otherwise, might well be proud to preside over its deliberations. I may, therefore, be pardoned in de- claring here the feeling of pride which I experience that through my election | as Vice President of the United States ;\;chltnlmllmm rhn:mywmelwm. pe I may prove wor of the - ple’s choice, and of you. No eflnmpegt mine will be spared to aid and assist you in the successtul solution of the| numerous intricate and important prob- lems which will come to you. “During the course of my 20 years' service among you as Senator from the State of Kansas, I have profited much from the wisdom, tact and ex- perience of the members of this august body as displayed by its most modest and unassuming members as well as by {:umalt outstanding and brilliant TS, Praises Gen. Dawes. “My relations with the Senators dur- ing all these years have been pleasant. My memories of persons and events in this chamber constitute some of the most delightful in a long public life by no means devoid of warming memories. “At this point I may with propriety, I think, be permitted to offer to the honorable gentleman who is retiring as presiding officer of this body, Mr. Dawes, an expression of appreciation, admiration anrd esteem. We will all agree that he has filled his arduous and frequently onerous duties with credit and distinction, not only to him- self but to the Senate and to the peo- ple of the United States. “It would seem fitting also at this point to offer a word of welcome and g:eun; to our new Senators. They will d their fellow Senators, as I have found them, most human and kindly gentlemen, willing and anxious to help | newcomers where they may. “My service among you has impressed me with the responsibilities of every Senator, and at the same time it has given me a clear understanding of the duties and obligations of the Vice President. “He is not one of the makers of the law, nor is he consulted about the rules adopted to govern your actions. His obligations to the people of the country to whom he owes his high position and his duty to you Senators call for a fair and impartial construction of the rules which you, yourselves, have adopted and which you alone may change. His obligations and duties require a recog- nition and application of the precedents which have brought the United States Senate to its present recognized position m;rlmount importance as a legislative His Task Not Easy. “With the familiarity gained from long years of close observation, assisted by your full co-operation, without which little can be done, I hope to be able to sense your desires certainly and surely; to obey your will, which is the will of the people; to give it effect with the utmost dispatch; and to expedite the business of the Senate in an orderly and speedy manner, for this, I take it, is not only your desire, but also the wish of our people. In effect, to be an integral part of this body, not a being mr’i to or remote and detached “To do these things within the limits of my abilitles I conceive to be the whole scope and sphere of the Vice President. The task is not easy. I ask your help and indulgence. ‘With & whole-hearted spirit of co- operation between us, I am certain your achievements in the Congress before us will redound to the immediate and David A. Reed of Pennsylvania, Frank L. Greene of Vermont. Democrats—Henry F. Ashurst of Arizona, Park Trammell of Florida, David I. Walsh of Massachusetts, Hubert D. Stephens of Mississippi, Bur- man of Nevada, Royal S. Copeland of New York, Kenneth D. McKellar of Tennessee, Willlam H. King of Utah, Claude A. Swanson of Virginia, C. C. Dill of Washington and John B. Ken- drick of Wyoming. Mr. Curtis Is Well Equipped. Seldom has a man entered upon the office of Vice President better equipped for the duty of presiding over the upper branch of Congress than Vice President Curtis, who has taken so active a part in the proceedings of the Senate con- tinuously since 1915, and who had pre- viously served for several years begin- ning in 1907. Before entering the Sen- ate, the Kansan had also enjoyed a long period of service in the House. In recent years he has been Repub- lican floor leader, in which capacity it has been his difficult task to guide the legislative m of the majority. In this role the new Vice President acquired an intimate knowledge of all the rules and precedents of Senate pro- cedure, which will be invaluable to him when parliamentary tangles develop during his service in the chair. ‘The doors of the Senate chamber were opened at 11 o'clock in preparation for the arrival of the various dis hed groups that were to assemble for the Vice Presidential ceremonies. ‘The Senators and Senators-elect were grouped on the east side, and Vice President Dawes was in the chair, for his final appearance as presiding officer. ‘The members of the House, headed by Speaker Longworth, entered the south door, were announced and seated on the west side. Next came the diplomatic corps, the ‘members of which entered by the south door and were seated in a place re- served for them on the west side of the chamber. President’s Cabinet Arrives. Then followed the President’s Cabi- net, the General of the Armies, the Chief of Staff of the Army, the Chief of Naval Operations and the Com- mandant of the Marine Corps, accom- panied by their aides. The members of the United States Supreme Court then arrived and were seated on the east side. Vice President-elect Curtis was es- corted into the Senate by the commit- left of Vice President Dawes. President Coolidge and President- elect Hoover also were escorted to the Senate floor by the committee on ar- rangements and seated in front of tHe gl:rk'l desk in the center of the cham- T, Mr. Dawes administered the oath to Vice President Curtis, and the retiring Vice President then delivered dress, adjourning the Senate sine die. Vice President Curtis took the chair, and prayer was offered by the Senate chaplain, Rev. Z. B. Phillips, D. D. This was followed by the inaugural address of Vice President Curtis. Coolidge and Hoover Escorted Out. chamber were Coolidge and President-elect Hoover were escorted by the committee on ar- rangements to the President’s room in the Senate wing of the Capitol, where they remained while the assemblage in the Senate chamber moved in proces- sion to the platform on the east front of the Capitol. ‘The members of the Supreme Court ‘waited in the robing room of the court, while the diplomatic representatives and the military chiefs were escorted to the marble room. ‘The Senate, headed by Vice President Curtis, the Secretary of the Senate Edwin P. Thayer and former Vice President Dawes, proceeded to the out- side platform and took seats on the left of the main stand, followed by the President’s cabinet. Then followed the House of Representatives, seated on the ht of the presidential stand. Next followed the governors of States and other distinguished guests Senate chamber. ‘The guests in the Senate galleries at this point were directed to the seats assigned them in front of the Capitol. ‘When the occupants of the floor and eries had all been escorted to the ront of the Capitol the committee on arrangements, headed by the sergeants- at-arms of the Senate and House, es- corted the President and the President- elect to the rotunda. When the Presi- dent’s party reached the south door of the Senate chamber the Supreme Court, accompanied by their marshal and clerk, formed in line and headed the procession. ‘The President’s party was followed by the diplomatic corps, the Army, Navy and Marine Corps officers. Honored by Senate. During the briet hour that the old Senate was in session tributes were paid to Vice President-elect Curtis by Sena- tor Smoot, Republican, of Utah, and by the minority leader, Senator Robinson of Arkansas. Senator Smoot said it was & privilege to pay honor to the in- coming Vice President, who has been a member of the Senate since 1907. “The promotion of Senator Curtis to the Vice Presidency is additional evi- dence that the American people do re- ward faithful service,” Senator Smoot declared. He went on to point out that the new Vice President is a descendant of English, French-Canadian and In- dian stock, and that this fusion has iven the United States a real American for this high office. Senator Smoot told his colleagues and the thousands who crowded the galleries that Vice President Curtis helped to make the Indians citizens of the United States, has supported all measures of interest to agriculture, was one of the first to stand for woman suffrage. Mr. Curtis, Senator Smoot declared, has always taken an interest in eliminating helped bring about the amendment to the Senate rules which makes possible the closing of debate on a question under certain conditions. Senator Smoot concluded by saying that few Senators have held the esteem, affection and high regard of his colleagues more than has Senator Curtis during the years in the Senate, particularly while he has been floor leader since 1924. Senator Robinson, Democrat, of Ar- kansas, made the following comment of tribute to the new Vice President: Tribute of Robinson. “On behalf of the Democratic mem- bers, not with enthusiasm, but in a ultimate good of all; your proceedings will be 50 much to your credit in the eyes of our people, and so much to the credit of our people in the eyes of the | world that they will stand for years in the future as the highest mark of legis- lative endeavors within, and perhaps without, the United States. It gives me pleasure, sir, to receive the gavel from you and to take over the duties of the Vice President.” Nine New Senators Take Oath. The eight new Senators whose terms befl'fl with the taking of the oath today are: Republicans—John G. Townsend of Delaware, Phillips Lee Goldsborough of Maryland, Hamilton F, Kean of New Jersey, Felix Hebert of Rhode Island, Frederic C. Walcott of Connecticut, Bl L A 4 3 of West Vi 3 Democrat—Tom Connally of Texas. ‘The 23 present members of the Senate who were sworn in today for another term are: Republicans—Hiram Johnson of Cali- fornia, Arthur R. Robinson of Indiana, | Senator Reed, Frederick % Hale of Maine, Arthur H. Beveral Senato! spirit of acquiescence, I arise to pay a tribute to the new Vice President. He is a worthy successor to the able pre- siding officer who is about to retire. He has a long record of useful service in Congress. His frankness, fairness and courage have earned the respect, confidence and admiration of his polit- ical antagonists. We feel that the best traditions of the Senate will be pre- served during his term of office.” ‘The final half hour of the session of the old Senate was taken up with a continuation of debate over the con- troversial question of whether the na- tional origins clause of the immigration law should be put into effect in April or postponed as provided for in a reso- am:‘n which the House passed yes- rday. Senator Bingham, Republican, of Connecticut, explained the purpose of the House resolution and made a mo- tion to concur in it, which would have postponed the naticnal origin provision. North Dakota, Simeon D. Fess of Ohio, | ton K. Wheeler of Montana, Key Pitt- | tee on arrangements and seated on the | of his ad- | that ‘When the ceremonies in the Senate concluded President unnecessary debate in the Senate and | CONTRAST SHOWN IN SPEED OF NEWS { Public Gets Inaugural Details From Radio and Press. Waited in Old Days. The inauguration of President Hoover today, with the Nation hearing his voice by radio, when he pledged himself to perform fafthfully the duties of Chief Executive, and the datly papers taking the details of the inaugural ceremonies into home even before the throngs viewing the inaugural paradz have dis- persed, emphasizes how distancs has been annihilated by modern means of communication since the first inaugural ceremony, 140 years ago. In the year preceding George Wash- ington's inauguration—that period dur- ing which the fate of the Constitution was being decided—Washington ex- pressed impatience at the slow trans- portation of the mails. In a letter to John Jay, who was Secretary of Foreign Affairs under the Confederation, and who was our first Secretary of State, uqfi‘evl'ha:te of July, 1788, he wrote: we are awaiting the resul with the greatest anxiety, our nnnte% are not so fortunate as to obtain any Fapers from the Eastward. Mine, which have been generally more regular, have, however, frequently been in for some time 1:»lsLy uyrupted It has often been understood by politicians and enlightened pamot}a. t"hlhen giving a facility to the means of travei- ing for strangers, and of intercourse Ifor citizens, was lnlobject‘or legislative a circul beneficial to any eoumr;".w T “In England, I sider the mail | { concern, and am told, they con- modern lmprovem:g:‘?“mu ‘t moflc: In e posf regulations. I trust we b a, are not too old, of cne to profit by the experience Reply of Mr. Jay. Mr. Jay in his llte{', L reply, three months “Your ideas relative to the diffusi intelligence and useful m(orm‘::ig: by means of the newspaper and the appear to be exceedingly just. or do I perceive any good objection to ‘mrer:‘i::"%;r amh:n coaches to the mpoet transportation of “printers” The use of the word Washington is interesting, for it bli shown in the ancient annals that t period and for several years ther:f four or six ly 1 umn:ut: a X per reac] a town, the printes print from it in hhownrsamm m ei:p:x’-t:g: new:. and in this way “’;: }3 (b great events went from ¢ was the newspa) - claimed throughout the l:;; t‘)?e“seg:: of the first inauguration. Going south- ward from New York, where Washing. was inai ted, nal and Political Inte) abethton, N. J., reprini xl;fl hhm issue of May 6; ne TS _in the issue the Maryland Journal and Advertiser May 8, the 3 te of N - lina, published at Edenton, Ho:tyhflm the A , Ga., Chronicle, May 30. North of New York City. the Con- necticut Courant of Hartford presented the om0 Mayt an (e ol Gazette, May 11. 8o that, in ted the story the' ;hl_hdex. kA Ll ng the | 18y _system, eventu: brndu:“’nr Pony Express Established. In 1833 Messrs. Hale and Hallock, en- terprising proprietors of the New York Journal of Commerce, having success- fully established a system for obtaining foreign news by boarding homeward- bound vessels at ses, tioniged transmission of news m“wm.fizfi to New York by the establishment of a “pony e: ,” with eight relays be- tween Philadelphia and New Yor{' This enabled them to publish the proceedings of Congress one day in advance of the other New York morning newspapers, Who first combined to establish an oppo- sition express between New York and Philadelphia, and then persuaded the Post Office Department to run it. Hale and Hallock then extended their relays to Washington, and often made the whole distance of 237 miles in 20 hours, :rnl;ume express mail was 44 hours on The introduction of the locomotive suggested possibilities of faster transpor- tation of news. What were eventually to become great systems were slow in grkmml. lohm ::er horse-drawn ve- cle was mal for many years this work. " - In 1841, President John Tyler's mes- sage left Washington at three minutes before 12 and arrived in New York at 9:15 pm. This was heralded as a re- markable piece of work, as it was one hour quicker than had ever before been lccfimfilfixefi. , in Baltimore, experiments were being conducted, the success of which meant that news transmission ‘wlu bohbedrevolu'.lnnlnd. Prof. 8. F. B. lorse had been granted a congressional appropriation for the purpose of per- fecting his magnetic telegraph. By the first part of May wires had been strung half the distance between Baltimore and Washington. The wire was protected 'by & covering of rope yarn and tar. It was placed on poles 20-feet high and 100 yards apart. Reporting on the ex- periments over the first part of the line, a Baltimore newspaper stated: “The fluid traversed the whole 22 miles and back again, making the 44 miles in no perceptible part of a second.” Line to Washington, | By May 25 the line to Washington imm-diately threatened abs'nce of a quorum, cpublican, of Pennsyl- or and said he would to suggest th: vania, had the Vandenberg of Michigan, Robert B. not yleld for the purpose of calling & quorum, _wamuua.mlnu was completed, the Washington term- inal being located in the Capitol Build- ing, very close to where President Hoo- ver stood in delivering his inaugural address, which was carried without wires into thousands of homes in all corners of the United States. During the convention that nominated James K. Polk, then in session in Balti- more, bulletins of the proceedings were successfully sent to the Capitol, and this caused a newspaper to record it “as the wonder of science in the p: t age.” Another newspaper stated: “It appears almost incredible, previous to witnessing the facility with which the communication is held by telegraph, that such annihilation of space could be accomplished by any human effort.” Here was truly the instrumentality that was to make a reality the boast of the fairy Puck in “A Midsummer Night’s Dream.” “I'll put a girdle round about the earth in forty minutes.” The spark that started that memorable mes- sage, “What hath God wrought,” was later to be the means of bringing to- gether all ends of the earth, . Thirty Bulgarians Die in Blast. SOFIA, Bulgaria, March 4 (®).— Thirty persons were killed and 20 seri- ously injured today in a terrific explo- sion at the Sofla Arsenal. Heavy ma- n