Evening Star Newspaper, January 13, 1929, Page 34

" THE EVENING STAR ‘With Sunday Morning Edition. e et . WASHINGTON, D. C.. SUNDAY.......January 13, 1828 THEODORZ W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: L8 A A !;::é‘.‘:‘ig%’. e L e o (Wl The Sundey Star ... S¢ per ccpy tion made st the end of each month. OFiers Fay b6 sent 1n b3 MALl of telepRonE Main 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Marvland and Virginia. nd Sunday....1 yr..$1 nly 1 yr. iR Daily & I 1y o a3 Da i l Member of the Associnted Press. Associatad Press is exclusively entitled DR S T = ndad ol 5 st o ted in this paper . All 1 f publication of Soatchos 2o resorved. Shecial dispatones herein —_—— Dallying With the Dale Bill. House leaders have been dilly-dallying fvith the Dale bill which passed the Senate in the last session and which provides for liberalization of the eivil| seryice retirement law. Even after a special rule had been ordered by the yules cammittee in the last Congress to ¢ive vais legislation privileged status, the rs was held up by Chairman Snell pecaudy President Coolidge did not want "the Ml to come up, it being evident that it could be passed even over his Neto. k- The House leaders promised that fnembers would be granted an oppor- tunity to vote upon it early in the pres- ent session. It was considered by the Republican steering committee and put gver until after the Christmas recess. ’. In the meantime every member of the Mouse has receivedl a series of statistical statements, prepared by reliable actu- aries and conservative officials, who have studied first hand the operation -of -the retirement act, showing the strength of the retirement fund built @ap almost-gntirely by contributions from he pay envelopes of the employes them- selves and o forecast of how it will continue @ pile up. They have been furnished also statements from the best possible authorities, some of them Gov- ernment officials in charge of admin- istration of the law, showing that the Government would actually save many millions of dollars annually through a more liberal system. The members of the House have been ‘supplied ’ also - with comparative data showing what other governments are _doing in & more liberal way for their superannuated employes and how pri- “vate industry as an economy-efficiency _business proposition, as well as for ‘ humanitarian reasons, is doing for those workers who have grown old in service. Now certain House leaders are trying - o arrange » substitute schedule, under “which the employes themselves, who have already amassed a retirement fund far in gxcess of all demands upon it for inahy, many years to come, would be required to make a larger contribution 10 the retirement fund under more lLib- eral retirement provisions. The ployes, after repeated meetings and con- ferences, are prepared to reject such & proposal. It is eaid that this increased “eontribution by the employes is.sug- gested as & way to “get around” the ‘objections of the President to the Dale bill. The passed this measure as is. Practically the entire mambership of the House has indorsed it a3 is and urged its early passage at puhilic hearings and in pube P qomely th Howse lendership Ts 0 walid excuse for refusing the members -an opportunity to vote on & measure of 80 much public concern. Probably no measure now pending before the House has drawn 80 many letters to so many embérs as the Dale bill. flnn? men are being. besieged to let down the bars: House Leader Tilson, - @ipeaker Longworth eand Chairman Snell . "There is no reason why the employes should be kept longer in suspense. Promises made to them should be kept. ——e 04— Aviation experts who insist that fly- _ing is comparatively safe have a difcult task before them in view of the dally news reports, Flying is still business that calls for courageous men ready to face danger for the sake of the ultimate - good to be attained. But the study to avold needless risk is still one of the important considerations in present-day peronautics. ——ree—t A high-priced theater makes life a " gittle harder for everybody—those con- nected with the stage as well as the public, When the average citizen can afford to attend the theater only two or three times a season, much of the old-time “regular patronage” must nat- urally be sacrificed and a dependable element, of revenue prove no longer re- lisble. — ettt Cold Weather Sense. The desirability of fresh air in the sleeping apartments may be admitted without feeling at the same time that " one must be half-frozen to be either ‘hesithy or happy. There are many martyrs to health ‘who would profit from & plain common sense consideration of this matter. Oftentimes general doctrines, in health 2s in other matters, utterly fail in in- jglividual application. + Hence it comes about in the Summer- Jtme that spectators at sea shores dis- ‘eever innumerable persons, both male and female, plunging back and forth in and out of cold water, in the fond bellef that they are enjoying them- selves as well as benefiting their health. Their blue, chattering lips, however, and their general look of discomfort should tell them that they are the per- eons for whom not more than ten min- the way without disaster, in fact with real benefit to many sleepers. Every sleeper must be his own ther- mometer. He knows better than any one else whether he is comfortable, and if there is one place in the world where every one has a right to be comfortable it is in his own bed. Let no man, therefore, continue to shiver through the Winter at hand just because athletic young gentlemen who might sleep with profit and aplomb on an iceberg shout that it is the thing to do. Far better is it to have a slight lack of fresh air than to have cold extrem- ities and chills running down the back in a heroic endeaver to do what some one else says i8 good for one. Few catch cold when warm, but many do when cold. —oot Comntunity Chest Essays. ‘The Star invites the attention of its readers to prizes which it is offering to Washingtonians for the best essays on the advantages of the Community Chest in the National Capital. |three hours off the running time of heavily laden freights, and shortens the crossing of the rgnge by nine miles. The original cro: of the Great Northern over the cades in the early nineties was an engineering feat, but because of the heavy snowfall, which frequently exceeds one hundred feet on the Jevel for a season, it left much to be desired as a through line of com- munication. In 1900 the Cascade tun- hel was bored, and élfminated the ‘old twelve-mile climb through “Stevens Pass.” The new tunnel goes under the mountains five hundred feet below the older one, and the hazards of snow- slides are eliminated. The method of its construction is interesting. Two bores were started on opposite sides of the mountain. But in addition, a 622- foot shaft was sunk from directly above the projected route of the tunnel, thus providing two more faces for attack. | A “ploneer tunnel,” eight feet high and | nine feet wide, was begun near the east and west Portals of the main hore, and this plbneér. tunuel. extended in ad- vance;of the alii bore. Cross cuts were Washington's Community Chest drive is near. This plan, a great success in many other citles of the country, is expected to be no less a success here, ‘where citizens have always been gener- ous in support of charity. The co-ordination of the city's giving to charitable projects through means of the Community Chest will be a trémen- dous gain, not only to the 57 organized charities, members of the chest, but also to every one who has a sense of | responsibility in such matters. ‘The city is united in favor of this great funderaising effort, in which Washington will be asked to contribute $1,343,348.93. 'To further the interest in the coming campaign, this paper has oftered three prizes, totaling $175, for the best essays writtén by Washing- tonians on the advantages of the Com- munity Chest in the National Capital. A board of editors of The Star will judge the essays, each essay to be under 300. words in length, and to be sub- mitted to the Community Chest Essays Contest Editor of The Star before Wed- nesday, January 23. ‘That essay deemed best will be awarded a prize of $100, second best, $50, and third best, $25. Here is an opportunity for every one interested in philanthropy, in writing, and in the city in which he lives, to participate in & worth-while endeavor. ‘The gathering together of facts and the incorporation of them into brief, intelli- gent form is not only an interesting pursuit, but the printed essays have great power for good, and enable the writers to take an active part in a great work. ‘Those - seeking information for essays should read the chest news in this paper every day. Additional in- formation may be secured from Elwood Street, director, - Community Chest Headquarters, 1418 T street, or from the Community Chest Essa; Contest Editor of The Star. —_— ot A Sensible Warning. A speaker at the national influenza conference advised women to Wear less clothing, in order to be more healthy constructed from the pioneer tunnel to the main bore at intervals, thus per- mitting access to the route of the main tunnel at several places and to keep work going at a number of faces con- tinuously and simultaneously. The work Tequired three years to complete and cost about fourteen mil- lion dollars. ‘The tunnel now takes from the Moffat tunnel in Colorado, which is about six and a half miles long, the honor of being the longest in ‘America. But though it i& eight miles long, it falls short by several miles of competing with other famous tunnels of the world. The Simplon tunnel be- tween Switzerland and Italy in the Alps i$ nearly twelve and a half miles long, the longest in the world, and the St. Gothard and’ Loetschberg, in the same vicinity, are each about nine miles long. Next to the Moffat tunnel, in America, ‘1s the Connaught tunnel at Rogers Pass, British Columbla, which is something over five miles in length, .t At the present rate of withdrawal, Commissioner Doran estimates, the amount of medicinal liquor will last about five years. There are no statis- ties to show whether it will endure even that long, in view of charges that avail- ability of medicinal liquor tends to cAuse an increasing amount of chronic invalidism. e oo ‘The stock market cannot stop reck- less gambling by making call money expensive. A man of financial pru- dence would not be a reckless gambler in the first place. e e Government salaries are notoriously inadequate. Yet there are always patri- ots ready to fill all vacant positions, great or small, S-S Early aspirations to make a leisurely trip through Europe have not yet been realized by Lindbergh, who feels called upon to se¢ Latin America first. e Habits are hard to break. - There are still men and women who spend many and thus to be able to resist the dis- ease better: More women than men are catehing the “fiu,” he said. ‘This intelligence will come as a sur- prise to people who thought that.the women of America were wearing about as little clothing as the law allows. The speaker pointed out that more and heavier furs are the vogue, and that many Young girls are wearing socks over their stockings. The trouble seems to come, sccord- ing to the experts, when women insist on wearing both their furs and their extra socks indoors. They mean to take them off, but continue to wear :the socks in offices and the coats While shopping. The warning may well apply to both sexes, however. Men are perhaps more guilty then women of wearing over- ocoats in superheated office buildings, although they may plead inmocens to the charge of wearing more than one pair of socks at & time. The slight perspiration caused by- too much clothing indoors is responsibie for more people taking cold than may be realized. One comes in from the out- doors and begins to discuss & matter with some one. Both think it will take but a few minutes, 80 the newcomer does not remove his ceat. Many overcoats are so heavy that it 18 actually easier to keep them on than to take them off. Their very warmth, however, is their bad point when worn indoors, When the wearer finally does g0 out into the air he finds that he has defeated the very purpose for which he Wears an_overcoat. Especielly if & good wind is blowing, the overcoat wearer is likely to become chilled, particularly if he stands for some time waiting for & public vehicle. ‘This is the time of the year when every one, irrespective of sex, shouid be cau- tious, and one of the easiest precautions to take is to wear overcoats only while outdoors. And extra socks, too, if you are a woman. ————————— A great many persons believe in witcheraft or some equivalent supersti- tions. Few have the boldness in declar- ing the belief that caused proceedings in York, Pa. to astonish the world. It might be wise to find some system which will enable psychoanalysis to de- termine mental tendencles before they lead to actual damage. vt America’s Longest Tunnel. It requires no great strain upon the imagination to picture the day when our descendants will point out, as relics of a not-too-distant past, the great precious hours a day working out cross word puzzles. r——— A certain amount of the terror in every so-called epidemic results from the familiar, though rather elasive, ail ment called hypochondria. s Price quotations show that the mar- ket for street-car tokens will remain steady for at least two years. SHOOTING STARS. 1 EVERYDAY RELIGION BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D, LL. D, Bishop of “I will be to them as a little sanc- tuary” (Ezekiel, 71.16), “A Place of Refuge.” The above word spoken through the prophet was addressed to a people en- slaved. It was a promise given them that during the period of thelr exile God would be to them a little sanctu- ary. No matter what conditions might environ them, no matter how repellent or distasteful these might be to them. they should find their stay and comfort in the consciousness that God would | continue to be to them as a place of refuge and repose. with a deep significance. There is no time where a place of refuge is more demanded or more in- dispensable than when we find our- selves in an environment or situation that is unappealing to us and that runs counter to our deeper convictions. To be compelled to live in fellowship with those whose Interests and sympathies are foreign” to us, whose ideals are wholly apart from those we hold, com- pels us to seek for our satisfaction within the restricted area of some little sanctuary that still-represents to us our most sacred interests and our highest ideals. There is much in our modern life, fascinating and compelling as it is, that runs counter to our loftiest con- ceptions and truest ideals, yes, even our finer religious convictions, and we find ourselves embarrassed unless we have secured to ourselves some place of re- pose, reflection and refuge to which from time to time we may resort to strengthen and stabilize us for the con- flict of life. That “spending and being spent we lay waste our powers,” is more than a poetic expression, it is the com- mon experience of most of us. The cur- rents of life today run strong and swift, and it takes fortitude and courage to resist them. Habits of quiet reflection or, indeed, periods when we withdraw ourselves from the noise and glitter of the world for the consideration of the deeper values of life, these are experi- ences that are growing rarer and rarer. This accounts in large part for the poverty of much of our literature. We are consumed with the, things of busi- ness; our’ leisure hours are given over more largely to pastimes and recreation; we find even the sanctuary of the home It is a fine promise | W ashington invaded to such an extent that .its sacred intimfacies are hindered, if not checked, and its finer practices greatly superseded by those that contribute nothing to the enrichment of moral worth. The victims of these conditions are the growing youth. How many fathers or mothers take the time to talk in an intimate way with their chil- dren concerning the decper moral val- ues of life, to say nothing of the spirit- ual? In our more serious and reflec- tive moments we recognize the fine value of these things, but when we seek to practice them we find oursclves the victims of circumstances and condi« tions that seem uterly beyond our con- trol. The large question that we have to face is, Can life be lived, lived with satisfaction, apart from the recognition of some sanctuary wherein we may find periods for the consideration of the deeper and more abiding values of life? What is there ahead for our chilaren unless we, their parents, disclose some evidence that we are concerned about those things that have to do with the building of character? Well defined pe- riods for soul culture, for indulgence in prayer and reading the Bible, together with those other refining influences that proceed from reflection and mediation, we must have if we are to continue normal. Yes, not only normal, but happy and contented. While we are laying plans for a new vear of life let us make provision for hours of detachment, when, away from the world, its noises and confusions, we shall resort to our sanctuary and in its sacred silences find that refreshment for body, mind and spirit that refresh, rejuvenate and inspire life and give it freshened impulse to carry on, ‘The poet Wordsworth, in his “Ode to Immortality,” thus expresses yearn- ing for the refreshing influence of life's purest and holiest ideals: “For those first affections, Those shadowy recollections, ‘Which, be they what they may, Are yet the fountain-light of all our day, Are yet & master-light of all our seeing, ‘Uphold us, cherish and have power to make Our naisy years seem moments in the being Of the eternal silence.” Hoover Listens to Politicians, But Delays Decision on Cabinet BY WILLIAM HARD. Mr. Hoover has spent all his time in Washington double-crossing the blue- sky speculators and side-stepping the deep-stuff plotters. He has not asked one man to be a member of his cabinet. He has not filled one cabinet place. This is not surmise. It is rock-bound fact. ‘There is a good reason. Mr. Hoover has not yet made up his own mind as to his cabinet. He has not yet made up his own mind as to any one single place in his cabinet. His mind is open to further facts and further thoughts as to each and every post in his cabinet from Secretary of State down. This, again, is not a surmise, a certainty. Mr. Hoover has no intention of naming his cabinet now and of set- ting up his nominees before the country to be shot at for two months before they could be sent to the Senate for confirmation. Frustrating Prophets. He has no intention.of making up his mind now about his nominees when he has so much time ahead of him for dditional reflection and additional ad- vice and presumably increased infor- mation and wisdom. He is engaged in frustrating all the prophet§ who saw immediate head-on cdllisions between Hoover, the ‘“engi- neer” and the “politiclans” in Con- gress and in the Republican party. Mr. Hoover has done nothing in ‘Washington but sit and listen patiently It is BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. . Seagulls. The seagull sits upon & spar; He is admired both near and far. His sénse of safety is complete; He knows he isn't good to eat. The duck will either dive or fiy From sportsmen who are drawing nigh. ‘The gull serene will perch or swim— ‘There is nobody after him. In this great world of joy and care, " Advantage seems a bit unfair, And many & bird appears to be Well oft—because he is n. g. Oftering Value. “Some of ‘our friends’ arguments are very long.” . “Yes,” -amswered Senator Sorghum, “an orator should seek to offer yalue. If you cari't give quality you must pro- vide quantity.”, Jud "Tunkins says the theory of evo- Jution strikes him as fine, if we can go shead and improve as much as our alleged ancestors did. Joy-riding. A witch remarked, “Why should I sweep The. corners filled with shadows deep? My broomstick takes me through the air ‘Without the payment, of a fare.” Psychic Self-Determination. *“Have you studied psychoanalysis?"” “Yes,” answered Miss Cayenne. “But I don't like it. ‘I prefer the privilege of expressing my own thoughts instead of | having. them" accidentally disclosed.” “An idle hout passed in dancing, said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, better than one spent in reading philos~ ophies which confuse the mind.” In the Heavens as On Earth, With lenses larger than before ‘We shall inspect creation. ‘There always will be something more ‘That needs investigation. “Hopin’ foh de best,” said Uncle Eben, “is to be incouraged, excep’ in de case of a bad singer or a tiresome talker.” ooy holes that men bored through moun- tains to surmount sweh barriers instead of fiying over them. One of these relics will be the eight-mile tunnel through the Cascade range, one hundred miles east of Seattle, on the Great Northern Railroad, which was opened yesterday and proclaimed, over a radio hook-up that extended throughout the Nation, as the longest tunnel in America. But until the airplane and dirigible actually replace the faithful train on a track as carriers of commerce, and even after that time, the long tunnels of today will remain as sources of ad- miration for the skill that went into their construction. The new tunnel is utes at a time of salt water bathing s beneficial. Similarly, in Winter, the spectator " going along the streets at night, and - gazing up at open windows, may know ‘with surety fuight be closed pastly or almost all the second used by the Great Northern 1o mount the barrier of the Cascades that lies between the Pacific slope and the great plains and Eastern manufac- that half of the windows |turing centers, It will cut an hour oft | convicted.” the schedule of passenger Walns and “Light” Comment, From the Seattle Daily Times. A scientist has invented a light so small that it can be seen only with a microscope. Off-hand, one might say that the inventor would have no diffi- culty in hiding his light under a bushel. —————— | T¢’s Far More Sporting. From the Des Moines Tribune-Capital. 1t is announced that a British driver of racing cars proposes to guide his car by rifie sights. If that practice becomes general the poor- pedestrian’s chances will be slimmer than ever. e Innoeent Until Proved Guilty. Prom the Fort Wasne News-Sentinel. A district attorney in Massachusetts declares that “innocent men are never ‘That many of the guilty ickg for-a. good | Re el and politely and painstakingly to “politicians.” He seems to be studying “politicians” the way an engineer would study his materials before making a bridge. That 18 not what the prophets meant by “an engineer in politics,” but it seems to be what Hoover means. Admitted to the august gresence of the great man for the humble purpose of propounding to him an automatic flmflmlc inquiry about his plans in rida, this gently and energetically scratching names off a list. The list seemed to be of Republican Senators. The names scratched off seemed to be those of Re- publican Senators already seen and heard. A little detection revealed the fact that a count at the door of Hoo- ver's headquarters in the Mayflower Hotel would; show that he has already seen and heard some thirty Republican Senators.out of a total of forty-nine. He seems to be on his way toward seeing and hearing most of the rest be- fore he startsfor Florida and the sail- fish. ‘That will be probably along about the middie of this next week. By that time there will be hardly a man in Wash- ington with any slightest right to see him who has not seen him and poured enlightenment into his ears. Donovan Question. ‘The biggest storm around him has raged over the name of William J. Donovan. Donovan is opposed for Attorney Gen- eral by numerous dry Protestant ele- ments. They are against him for rea- sons which are not directly religious but are indirectly associated with reli- glon. They note that most Catholics are “wet” and they cannot be brought to believe that a Catholic would be an enthusiastic supporter of the Volstead law. Donovan is a Catholic. As a prosecutor, he has visited the law's ter- rors and punishments upon numerous Catholics, including two priests. He is nevertheless a Catholic. Just the same, he has strong Protes- tant. approval and backing even in the | bosom of the Ku Klux Klan. The local Klan in his home town of Buffalo in- dorsed him for his present post in the Department of Justice because of his vigorous enforcement of the Volstead law in the Buffalo district. The nation- al Klan, after observation of his be- havior in Washington, contains influen- tial admirers of his who regard him as absolutely trustworthy from the prohi- bition standpoint. In such institutions as the Methodist Board of Temperance, Prohibition and Public Morals, which maintains large and active headquarters in' Washington, there is nat the slightest inclination to influence Hoover against Donovan. Nor is there any such inclination in Dr. E. C. Dinwiddie, the secretary of the new National Conference of Organizations Supporting the Eighteenth Amendment, which is & compendium of all our dry forces. u J Free to Make Decisions. ‘This conflict of opinion for and against Donovan among the drys leaves Mr. Hoover absolutely free to make his own decision based on Donovan’s merits and on the place which Hoover would like Donovan té fill in the accomplishment of the next administration’s policies. 1t remains without doubt that there is 10 one in public life toward whom the President-elect has warmer personal feelings than Donovan. 4 ‘The next severest storm is over Mrs. Alvin T. Hert of Kentucky, vice chair- man of the Republican national com- mittee and the candidate of many states- men for Secretary of the Interior. In this writer's judgment the storm over Mrs. Hert will be quickly blown away 2y resentments and hostilities among the ‘The Gen- publican women themselves. ezl Fedetation of Women's Clubs has writer observed him dili- | ge! passed a resolution deprecating and de- ploring any and all pressure upon Hoo- ver for a woman in his cabinet. In the background this resolution was a deliberate anti-Hert move. It is going to be followed by an anti-Hert roar from wild women on the prairies of the West. When that happens, there will be little left of the Hert movement. The_inside reason for this is that most Republican official women regard Mrs. Hert as a “man-made” personage. She was not chosen for vice chairman of the Republican national committee by the women. She was put there by the men. Irrespective of her merits, the women will not now favor her. She will be sunk by her own sex. In the meantime Mr. Hoover is listen- ing with a rapt attentiveness to every- thing for and against Donovan and to everything for and against Mrs. Hert and to everything for and against every- body and everything else. “Veni, vidi, vici,” said Caesar. “I have come, I have seen, I have conquered.” Qur new Caesar is subtler. “Veni, vidi, audivi,” he is—in effect—saying. “I have come, I have seen, I have listened.” And nothing else. One Problem Settled. ‘This silence, in this writer's judgment, has settled just one thing. No cabinet post is settled, but there is one general problem that seems indeed absolutely determined. Mr. Hoover’s silence has left his friends in Congress entirely free to have or not to have a farm bill in this session and therefore entirely free to have or not to have an extra session next Spring—probably along about April 15, ‘The resuit is that they are all set to have the extra session. They want it 50 that they can have Hoover's informa- tion and inventiveness while they are drafting the farm bill which he must administer. They want it so they can revise the tariff under his well known sympathy for making the United States agriculturally as independent as possible of the rest of the world. They want it, -n&:c this moment they seem sure to ‘The most _important fact remains to be stated. It is psychological. Every- body who has seen the President-elect for any length of time notes it. (Copyright, 1929.) e Duty on Philippines’ Products Is Problem BY HARDEN COLFAX. Demands by ;grlculcurnl organizations for a customs duty on products of the Philippine Islands threaten to hurl into the reluctant hands of the new adminis- tration the whole question of relation- ship between the United States and the archipelago, for economics and state- craft must meet on this problem. A scurrying about began this week when representatives of the American Farm Bureau Federaticn, the National Grange, the National Co-operative Milk Producers’ Federation and various cot- ton, live stock and other farm organiza- tions appeared before the ways and means committee of the House in hear- ings looking toward tariff revision and asked that vegetable oils and oil mate- rials from the Philippines be made dutiable. Sugar producers are scheduled to appear January 21 and ask that sugar in excess of 500,000 tons brought from the Philippines be made dutiable. Hem| mgereats are to appear for their product, Situation Serious. Agricultural interests appear to be a unit in aiming at the Philippines in this tariff matter. As the American farmer is sailing on a high tide of deference jto his wishes, the situation thus pro- duced is one to be viewed seriously. Gen, Frank McIntyre, new trade commis- sioner for the Philippines, is opposing these moves. ‘The point which makes this immedi- ate Philippine question one of universal domestic concern is that if a customs duty is to be imposed on merchandise i from the islands it is certain that cor- responding duties will be imposed on goods from the United States to the Philippines. And such treatment of the islands naturally might be expected to bring renewed and stronger agitation for independence by the Filipinoes. Ameri- can goods shipped to the Philippines in 1927 were valued at $72,000,000; receipts ‘r’x;’%n(:m olhe islands aggregated $118,- Would Not Be Unique. A tariff duty on commodities from the Philippines would not be unique in the history of the relations of the United States and its ward. In the first Philip- pines tariff law passed by Congress, in 1902, it was provided that 75 per cent of the rates in the regular tariff act { be charged against shipments from the islands, the money thus collected to be | segregated in a special fund and re- turned to the Government in the Philippines. This special tariff was not fully effective because the treaty of Paris gave Spain special F;ivneau in the islands for 10 years. the tariff act of 1909, the Philippines duty was removed, éxcept on rice, but a maximum of 300,000 tons was placed on sugar and maxima were named for tobacco and s as to_the guiount to be entered utysfree, + The DAXLDWN Was NOL-LXe Capital Sidelights BY WILL P. KENNEDY. Chairman Zihlman of the House Dis- trict committee pald a very gracious and well deserved compliment in the House late Friday, following the pas- sage of the reapportionment bill, to another member of the District com- mittee, Representative Clarence J. Mc- Leod of Michigan. Mr. Zihlman said: “I realize that many members have given generously of their time to bring the reapportionment issue to a success- ful termination, and I am sure we are all grateful to them. However, there [15 one member whom I know particu- { larly well, and I know that he had con- tributéd more than any one else by his untiring efforts, his indomitable spirit in the face of continuous and successive | setbacks, his uniform courtesy, his bull- | dog tenacity to carry through what is Errhnps the most delicate and difficult ill to handle in a legislative body, and I therefore think that the gentleman from Michigan (Mr. McLeod) is en- titled to the thanks of the House and the country.” IR ‘Through the mediation of Chairman Luce of the House committee on the Library, the State of Virginia is to get back an historical document, ‘“The Original Ordinance Secession of March 17, 1861,” which was taken from the walls of the Capitol in Richmond by a Yankee soldier as a souvenir at the time the city was abandoned. Gov. Byrd is to receive this relic and prom- ises that it will be hung in the State Library. The G. A. R. Post in Natick, Mass., is giving up its quarters and disposing of its property. This original act of secession, bearing the autographs of many prominent leaders of the seces- sion, was presented to the post by one of its members, Edward L. Greenwood, who during the rout in Richmond took it from the wall as a relic. The Mas- sachusetts t is ready to return it to_the people of Virginia. Representative Luce wrote to Gov. Byrd asking if the State would welcome its return. 'The governor answered: “Virginia would be very glad to have this document. It would be placed in bhe1 State Library and every care taken of it.” Thus the wounds of the fratricidal strife threescore years ago are being healed. EREE ‘Take another good look at the dome oh the Library of Congress. Take & sky- line look at it that will include also the dome on the Capitol. Cass Gilbert, the great architect who is planning the new Supreme Court Building, sprung a big surprise in talk- ing with the Supreme Court Building Commission in Chief Justice Taft's home the other night by saying that the dome of the Library of Congress should be removed. It offends the ar- tistic sensibilities of good architects, he declared. It does not harmonize with the Capitol dome, but rather detracts from it. The Capitol dome should domi- nate the entire architectural group, Mr. Gilbert said, and there should no other dome in the same neighborhood. * K kX Representative-elect Louis Ludlow, veteran Washington correspondent, is already in demand as a public speaker and has invitations to address large gatherings in half the States of the Union. In oné of these speeches he pokes a little fun at some of the Gov- ernment publications from which he has in the past garnered not a little copy for the newspapers he represented, for example: “The Department of Agriculture has just completed hrn survey of fibers used in men's clothing and discloses the horrendous’ fact that many men are not wearing uniqn “suits, undershirts or drawers, and the equally stupendous fact that 57 per cent of the men reply- ing reported that they are wearing more silk and rayon socks than they had during the preceding five years. “While the: paternalistic Department of Agriculture is thus revealing a shock- ing absence of men’s nether garments, the Department of Commerce’s frog is jumping into prominence faster than Mark Twain’s ‘jumping frog.' Common sense would suggest that the Federal Government _should leave the task of propagating frogs to individuals who are frogistically inclined, but Uncle Sam, standing away up there in his supernal majesty, orders the steady, easy-going frog to muitiply and replenish the earth. ‘There is in this book a most romantic chapter on the love affairs of frogs which brings to mind the old nursery rhyme, “‘The frog he would a-wooing go, Whether his mother would let him, or no.’ “We learn from this chapter that the gentleman frog llm or rather croaks, when in love, and that he does not hes- itate to die in battle in an effort to win his lady. “It remains for the Cornell savant who wrote this bulletin for the depart- ment to furnish clear and specific di- readily be a frog culturist ma; rom the gflsp. P;nr instance, quoting ulle- tin: “‘“The aquatic salamander, like the newt, frequently pulls off eggs from a frog’s egg mass for food. The large forms, like the ‘mud puppy (Necturus) and hellbender (Cryptobranchus), may eat frogs' eggs or larvae if favorably sit-, uated. Among frogs there are several species whose adults do not stop at fratricide or cannibalism. In fact, it is one of the factors which have led some frog culturists to abandon bullfrogs, which will feed on anything from frogs to alligators, not even sparing their own progeny.’ " « ceeded in any case. The tariff of 1913 removed the limitations. The present tariff, enacted in 1922, carries provisos which exempt products from the Philip- pines from duty. The United States Supreme Court, in the “insular cases’ shortly after the war with Spain, held that it would be constitutional for Con- F‘ess to impose customs duties on goods rom the Philippines or Porto Rico. Farm organizations of the United States are aroused over vegetable oils, subject affecting ever‘ State of the Union. Because of the interchange- ability of these ofls for various industrial uses in jcular, they have asked the ways and means committee to make a uniform rate of 45 per cent ad valorem on all such oils, the present rates vary- ing on a specific basts, and to make the rate lp?ly to ofls from the Philippines. Coconut ofl is one of the principal tropical competitors of oils produced by American farmers and about half of the receipts come from the Philippines, duty free, shipments from the islands in the first nine months of 1928 having aggregated 192,987,000 pounds, with copra included as ofl on the basis of its oil content. Sugar Producers Undecided. American sugar producers have not decided whether they will join in the request for a duty on all receipts from the PhlllelneA. They will discuss this at & conference here next week. They will certainly ask a limitation on duty- free sugar, possibly seeking & limit of 500,000 tons & year, slightly less than the amount received from the Philip- pines during 1927 and 1928. Perhaps a sliding-scale increase above this quan- tity may be suggested in consideration of steadily increasing consumption of sugar. E“hu sugar hearing promises also to arouse the Cubans, who now supply more than half of the United States consumption, enjoying a duty 20 per cent below the general tariff rate on sugar because of the preferential treaty. The raw sugar duty now is 2.2 cents per pound, which means a duty of 1.76 on Cuban sugar. Domestic_producers will ask a general rate of 3 cents, which would be 2.6 on Cuban sugar, and they will ask a greater spread between the tion created by the estal of large refineries in Cuba in the ACopyzishts 1920.) T A rections which any boy who aspires toq t | volume of water furnished by a Immediately following the first of any new year there is a relaxation in the credit strain. The New Year is a period of large dividend distributions and also of liquidation of indebtedness. Moreover, the enormous volume of re- tail trade at the holiday season re- leases very large sums. January is a period of waiting in which business readjusts itself before embarking upon the real business of the new year. In consequence, banks have more money than usual to lend and interest rates have a tendency to decline. While this situation, in itself, constitutes an incen- tive to go into the market and speculate ‘with cheap money, the indicators for the entire year suggest caution and a | subsequent tightening of money, which would be more than likely to find per- sons attracted by the cheap January‘ funds overextended. The average volume of this Janu- | ary return of money to the banks for the last four years has been $271.000,- 000. In January, 1928, this figure climbed to $326,000.000 and it is quite possible that figure may be exceeded this month. Those are bank funds alone. Corporation funds also are likely to show increases and as corporations have increasingly tended to go into competition with the banks in furnish- ing money for stock market speculatiop —there was an increase of $1,300,000,- 000 last year—the total supply avail- able is tempting. Big men in the banking and business world are decidedly optimistic concern- ing continued prosperity for the next year. No fundamental weakness is di cerned in our economic position. This large supply of January money coupled with glowing business prospects con- stitutes an attractive lure to the un- { wary investor. If there is one keystone supporting the arch of prosperity which can be identified with certainty it is the in- terest rate for money. There is a necessity for the American banks to maintain interest rates at a high level, 50 any relaxed rates in the early part of the year must not be expected to con- tinue. This necessity for high rates arises from the world gold situation. A spectacular struggle for gold now is go- ing on throughout the world. It has been reported in this column recently how all the principal governments of the world are conducting a survey of their potential gold resources. This in- formation is desired to the end that national treasuries may know what supplies to expect and whence they { will come. The information will be in hand next August. Credit Backed by Gold. Meantime every country is striving to of the world 18 spinning like a top and the number of revolutions per minure is steadily increasing. 'To keep the toc spinning, to keep business going at this fast pace, there must be ample credit— the lubricant of industry and trade— and to provide ample credit there must be gold back of currency issues and in- ternational exchanges. Gold is a wayward and fluid com- modity. It will go where it can earn the highest rate of interest as anuto- matically as water will flow down hill; that is, provided no national embargoes exist, and as such embargoes usually are war measures, none is likely to be laid in 1929. For this reason, money rates in the United States must remain on a fairly high level to give funds a return in in- terest which will prevent them from going abroad to find more lucrative employment. There is a substantial get all the gold it can. The business | WHY INTEREST RATES ARE HIGH BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. lesson in the fact that in 1928 Germany was the world's most spectacular gainer of gold. Her gold reserves in the Reichsbank rose no less than $120,000.- 000 during the year, and this in spite of the fact that her trade balance was adverse. Moreover, she had heavy reparation payments to make. The ex- planation is that in all German bank- ing centers interest rates have been high and the discount rate of the Relchsbank has stood at..the relatively high figure of 7 per cent ever since October of 1927. J This is a high rate.for a nation re- covering from defeat and laboring un- der reparation charges to pay, but the necessity to produce is so strong that it is paid, for German industry must Rave capital to regain its footing. So ro0T- eign gold is attracted. It is interesting | to note that during the last year $70,- 000,000 flowed into Germany from Rus- sia. ‘This was, however, not s7 much money sent in for ;‘n\-opémcm. as pay- ment for goods purchased. Tb to 185t Autumn the year 1928 had shown a gain of $130,000,000 in gold for the Bank of England, but with- drawals at the end of the year showed a net gain of only $10,000,000, and most of this loss was to Germany, although $35,000,000 came into this market. Situation Spells Caution. The Bank of France, the Bank of the Netherlands, the Bank of Italy, the National Bank of Belgium and the Aus- trian National Bank all show gold gaius for the year. Much of their gold gadts | have come from the United States. OR | December 28, 1927, the Federal Reservé | banks of the United States showed gold | holdings of $2.739.000.000. On Decem= | ber 26 of 1928 this figure had declined |to $2,584.000,000. Our stock still is | the largest in the world and there 18 | nothing to worry about on that score, but it is conceivable that if our inter- est rates sink to a low level hundreds of milllons would be added to our losses to foreign countries. Such_a situation spells caution, for it clearly suggests that American bank- ers will not permit rates to sink to & point which would endanger our gold holdings. In turn, that means that money will not continue cheap. But substantial interest rates by no means indicate bad business. Ameri- can earnings are at a high level and promise to continue there. Save for the textile and bituminous coal indus- {tries the whole Nation is prosperous. The extent to which the American pub- lic purchased new securities during 1928 reveals how much money they had to spare for investment, which, on the one hand, represents a saving on the part of purchaser, and on the other, provides industry with capital for expansion and increased business. In 1927 capital issues to the extent of $9,871,000,000 were purchased by the American people. In the first 11 months of 1928 sales of securitles amounted to $9,500,000,000. If the monthly . rate of purchase was maintained through December, as it undoubtedly was, it will be seen that 1928 will ex- ceed 1927, which, up to that time, was the record for all years. The greatest amount of such corporate securities was issued on the properties of public util- ities—$1,714,000,000. As there seems no likelihood of a diminution of the supply of surplus funds, it scems highly probable that 1929 (will see security issue sales go to new high levels. Only six years ago sales were but a third of what they are today. These figures relate to brand- | new issues and do not represent the sales and resales of stocks and bonds which had been on the market before, Fifty Years Ago In The Star “The matter of adulterations in food.” says The Star of January 10, 1879, “is Food Adulteration e Fheee! o terest, Disclosures. e hey seem in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred. But for all that presentation of the case made re- cently before the American Social Sclence Association at Boston is suffi- ciently startling. It is asserted that several mills in New England and prob- ably many elsewhere are now engaged in grinding white stone into a fine powder, graded so as to adulterate soda, sugar and flour, and sold at half a cent per pound. Flour is also adulterated with plaster of paris, bone dust, sand. clay, chalk and other articles. It is suggested that large quahtities of dam- aged and unwholesome grain are ground in with flour to make the graham bread in which dyspeptics place confidénce. Certainly hundreds and probably thou- sands of barrels of ‘terra alba,’ or white earth, which produces kidney complaints and various diseases of the stomach when eaten, are sold in our. cities every vear to be mixed with sugars in con- fectionery and for use in cream of tartar and other white substances. “The proportion of this adulteration ranges from 33 to 75 per.cent. The coloring matter of confectionery fre- quently contains lead, mercury, arsenic and copper. Even the seasonings do not escape. Cayenne pepper is adulterated with red lead, mustard with chromate of lead, curry powder with red lead, and vinegar with sulphuric actd, arsenic and corrosive sublimate. The cheerful state- ment is made that probably half the vinegar now sold in our cities is rank poison. Many of the flavoring oils, | sirups, Jellies and preserved fruit are | open to the same objection. The out- look is not found to be more encouraging when what we drink is considered. The adulterations of tea are too numerous to mention. Coffee is not only adul- terated, but a patent has been taken out for molding chicory into the form of coffee berries, and it has been charged that clay also is molded and flavored with essence to represent coffce. Cocoa and chocolate are adulterated with various mineral_substances. Water is said to be the least dangerous adulteration of milk. Recipes for & mixture by means of which artificial milk is made are sold, and it is asserted that thousands of gallons of so-called milk have been sold in the single city of New York which do not contain one drop of the genuine article. - “A somewhat similar condition of affairs is shown to exist in regard to nearly everything else that we eat or drink, but enough has, perhaps, been given for all practical purposes. The condition of the phenomenal individuals in different parts of the country who are reported to live, speaking generally, without eating, is not popu'arly con- sidered an enviable one, but the Amer- ican Social Sclence Association is doubtless inclined to belleve that such a life is not without its advantages.” * * ‘Washington’s water supply and sewer problems were matters of lively discus- sion at this time 50 Water Supply years ago, and in sup. port of a letter printe and Sewers. \'rye star of January 11, 1879, signed by T. S. Verdl, M. D., the following editorial appears: “The suggestions advanced in the communication elsewhere in this issue upon our water supply seem to have weight. It is urged that instead of adopting a costly system of water meters, at an expense of a quarter of a million of dollars, for the purpose of | reducing the consumption of water, it | will be better to spend that sum or more | in increasing the water supply. The importance to the health of a city in having the sewers cleansed by an ample flow of water through them is set forth with force, and the fact that we have directly at our doors the I.mmens: grea river shows that it will be inexcusable, in a_sanitary point of view alone, not utilize -great cleansing agency,” the | way of shortening debates w] " work 1o 1he Atican Bensie This and That By Charles E. Tracewell. Blackie came up the back walk with his tail carried high and a look of determination in his eyes. He was hungry, and when a cat is hungry, food had batter look out. Blackie lived at a house where no- body paid much attention to him. He was -let in, if any one happened to think of him, but most of his days and nights he spent prowling around. In the course of his outings he had once chanced to walk up the path lead- ing to Jack Spratt's back door. om that day on old Blackie found himself a subsidiary home, as it were, a place where he was sure t0 get & hllr.lldout. is morning and evening meowing was a cat's version of the ho‘bo song: “Hallelujah, I'm & bum, Hallelujah, bum again; Hallelujah, give us a handout To refresh us again!” * X x X .. The fly in Blackie’s ointment wes, as it may be suspected, nothing les; than Jack Spratt himself—a rather large “fly,” too, one which was able to chase Blackie away. Several months’ acquaintance made Jack more tolerant, however; he seemed to feel, as well as one could determine, that Blackie was not such a bad fellow, after all Blackie's distinguishing features were his two large green eyes and his very loud voice. When he meowed imperi- ously from the windowsill there was no doubt in the world that he wanted in, and that, once he was inside, he wanted dinner. Beef, milk. or catnip—it made no difference which it was. He pre{rrr:‘d catnip at all times, choosing it first if the trio was offered him. He loved to | top off a good meal with a few sprigs of the catmint. * ok ok ok l’{h\\'z;s thl dusk when Blackie came up the back walk, carrying his tail Ah! what did he smell? b That sharp tang, that powerful scent which seemed to pervade the whole neighborhood, as from & gigantic mouse— What was it? g;'hen" was it? ackie snuffed the air eagerly, Z";’f tohlowler his body to the l{'o\l‘:dd. ending his legs until his bell; nm;;:hrd the walk. i was a wild smell—he knew it we although it had been a long, long th:le' since he had smelled it. Rabbit! * ok ok % Sure enough, what the big black cat smelled was a rabbit, which a m:nld had purchased for Jack Spratt. The rabbit, in a paper bag, had been placed on a high window out in the cold. . Blackie sniffed mightily, then, tread- ing softly, leaped into the window at a bound. Now the odor of rodent was un- escapable. The cat stuck his nose into the bag. ABI;‘ ‘I’:XHCIOUS! ackie put in a paw, £ ‘;":h". paw, and pulled out at Juck! Pulling the prey off window onto the floor of Ih’; go:ch ‘:: settled himself to the fdust. 3 n hour later, when they cams to get the rabbit for Jl{k 5;’!?:‘: dinner, the cupboard was bare. bu’rhsre‘ niasn'zdl thing left except the nny tail, and eve e Ty one knows that —————— Little Known About “Flu.” ' From the New Bedford Evening Standard. We do not quite see the object of a national conference on influenza, unless the health officers want to discuss How little they or anybody else knows about the disease. i ————— U. S. Might Follow Suit. From the Seattle Daily Times. Speeches a: not reported in the Hungarian Parliament except. by per- mission of the government. Perhaps backward Hungary. has hit upon a slick might