Evening Star Newspaper, December 9, 1928, Page 85

HONOR 0 WREAT " PAD NEXT WEE World Aeronautical Leaders to Dedicate Two Monuments in North Carolina. ‘The world will celebrate the twenty- fifth anniversary of the first airplane flight a week from tomorrow. Headed by Orville Wright, the first man to pilot a_power-driven airplane on a successful flight, the world’s aero- nautical leaders, including more than 200 delegates from 50 nations, will make a pilgrimage to the Kill Devil Hills, near Kitty Hawk, N. C., where on December 17, 1903, Orville Wright, at the controls of the ancestor of all air- planes, flew for 12 seconds, opening a hew era for the human race. Two monuments will be dedicated on the North Carolina sand dunes a week from tomorrow, one marking the spot from which the first flight in history was started, and the other, on Kiil Devil Hill, & memorial to the Wright brothers and to the other air pioneers of all lands. The pilgrimage will be made from |a compass course. this city, following the Civil Aeronau- tics Conference, and will bring to an official close one of the most important weeks in the history of commercial aviation. The delegaies to the confer- ence will be the official guests of the United States Government on the trip to Kitty Hawk. | Visit Langley Field. | The party will leave this city by steamer Saturday evening and will go | ashore at Old Point Comfort Sunday morning. Sunday afternoon the party will visit the laboratory of the National Advisory_Committee for Aeronautics at Langley Field, Hampton, Va., where the largest wind-tunnel in the world is lo- cated. . On Monday morning, December 17, the party will go by steamer to Nor- folk and then by bus to Kitty Hawk, where an oyster roast and barbecue will be held at noon. The party will be the guests of the Kill Devil Hills Memorial Association. Following the meal the party will go by automobile to Kill Devil Hill, the scene of the early experiments of the Wright brothers, and at 1:15 p.m. the corner stone of the national memorial being erected by the United States Government will be laid on the top of Kill Devil Hill. Scene of First Flight. ‘Then the National Aeronautic Asso- ciation memorial, on the scene of the * first flight, will be unveiled by Senator Hiram Bingham of Connecticut, presi- dent of the association, with appro- priate ceremonies. ‘The return to Washington will be made by automobile and steamer, the gael":ty arriving here at 7 am. Tuesday, ember 18. In addition to the conference dele- Only General Knowledge of Finer Points Declared Required. ILLUSTRATION IS GIVEN Hypothetical Flight From New York to St. Louis Is Described. BY COL. CHAS. A. LINDBERGH. Aerial navigation, or avigation, is a | subject to which unlimited study can be | devoted. Ordinary cross-country flying, however, requires only a general knowl- edge of many of the finer points, com- bined with a thorough understanding of map readinig and the ability to keep on The professional pilot can well afford to devote his time to a detailed study of this subject, but the future of the aircraft industry is dependent on our ability to make flying safe and uncomplicated for the individ- ual owner. Let us leave, therefore, instrument, long distance and night flying for the time being and consider only the sim- necessary equipment consists of a watch, a compass and a map covering the territory to be flown over. Strip maps are available for the developed airways, but ordinary State commercial maps are entirely satisfactory and can be ob- tained anywhere in the country at a cost of 35 cents per State. Suppose it is desired to fly from New York City to St. Louis. The plane has a gasoline capacity for six hours at a cruising speed of 100 miles an hour. Since this is a problem in navigation we will not consider the advisability of following the mail route over the Pennsylvania mountains, but only an air-line course, allowing for the fact that the plane has a cruising range of 600 miles and that a reserve must be allowed for possible head winds. St. Louis is a little more than 900 miles from New York, consequently it will be necessary to refuel at some midway point. Laying a Course by Map. By drawing a line between the two cities on a map of the United States it will be seen that Columbus, Ohio, lies nearly midway and only a few miles north of the line. Through inquiry or by looking up Columbus in a Depart- ment of Commerce airport directory, an airport will be found to lie on the east side of the city. Lambert Field is near Auglum, Mo., and about 12 miles north- gates, it is expected that a number of unofficial representatives of the for- eign commercial aeronautics industry and private aeronautical organizations and a number of leaders of aeronautics in this country will make the trip. £p- plications for the trip are being re- ceived by J. F. Victory, cheirman of the Kitty Hawk committee of the In- ternational Civil Aeronautics Confer- ence, at the conference headquarters in the building of the United States Chamber of Commerce. FORM 37 PLANE CLUBS. A total of 37 light airplane clubs have been organized in Canada in the past 12 months, or are in the process of formation, according to a report re- celved here by the Department of Com- merce. Canadian government has allotted 15 planes for the use of these clubs. The first of these clubs was organized September 1, 1927, and it is predicted that next year there will be 50 clubs operating. The clubs have & flying membership of 175 and a large non-flying member- ship from which vacancies in the flying membership are filled. It is estimated that the average cost of learning to gz is a little more than $200 per mem- T, west of St. Louls. ‘We are to take off from either Curtiss or Roosevelt Field just east of Garden City, L. I, since the New York Munici- pal Alrport is not yet completed. By drawing a straight line on & map of the United States from our starting point to the Columbus Airport, and thence to the St. Louis Alrport, it will be found to pass through parts of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Missouri. ‘The point at which this line cuts the border of each State is noted in rela- tion to some city or landmark and the line transferred to the larger scale maps of the individual State. In some corner of each State map will be found a scale of miles or a straight line with marks at distances representing 10 miles on the map. This scale is trans- ferred to a sheet of paper and in turn to the line representing the route to be followed in that State. Adjustment of Map Scales. From our polnt of departure in Long Island marks ‘are placed at 10-mile in- tervals along the course and the total mileage noted at 50-mile intervals. The scales on the State maps vary, go that it is necessary to transfer them from each map to our course through that State. On some maps an inech on the map may represent 10 miles on the plest form of navigation by air. The | THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. ©C, THOROUGH UNDERSTANDING OF MAP READING AND ABILITY TO KEEP ON COMPASS COURSE ARE NECESSARY FOR FLYERS IN MAKING CROSS-COUNTRY it L DECEMBER 9. 1928—PART %.~ William P. MacCracken, jr., Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Aeronautics, and H. H. Blee, chief of the port section of the department, inspecting air markers on the Department of Commerce Building. =~ = - = [ToR '0 BAREC O (0€ RN e, air- WRIGHT FORESAW TRIPS, COL. LINDBEPGH SAYS POLAR FLIGHT ERAi iarly Interested in Present Aerial Adventures. By the Associated Press. DAYTON, Ohio, December 1.—Fired with enthusiasm for the adventurous life of a polar explorer as a boy, Or- ville Wright has taken a deep interest in the explorations of the Arctic and Antarctic by airplane, a means of transportation which he and his late rother, Wilbur, gave the world 25 years ago. “The real hero of my boyhood, who |= - has always held a cherished place in my memory, was De Long, an Arctic | explorer, who is perhaps little remem- | bered today,” Mr. Wright says. “I read his diary with feverish enthusiasm when I was a boy of 10, and I have not yet forgotten his kind, courageous, ad- venturous _personality, | Co-Inventor of Plane Pecul- | facing certain |11 COMMUNITIES VOTE | $8,500,000 FOR AIRPORTS Plane Landing Fields Take Place Among Standard Public Utilities. The airport has taken its place among the standard public utilitles as a result of the voting of nearly $8,500,- 000 for airports by 11 cities or counties at the national elections last month, ac- cording to a survey recently completed. During the past year appropriations or bond issues have made available more than $21,000,000 for creation of airport facilities in towns and cities throughout the country. Every rank of society has been involved in the airport movement. At Columbus, Ohio, organ- ized labor worked as hard for passage of the airport bond issue as any group of capitalists. The status of the airport as a public utility has been legally established by the Supreme Court of Missouri, ruling upon the validity of airport bon voted by St. Louis and Kansas City. he intends to rely u?on airplanes for dashes across the polar wastes. “Byrd is a fine commander and a splendid flyer as well. His ambitious program has been particularly inter- esting to me because the success of his expedition would mean the realization death, as the diary progressively relates, | of an achievement of which I have but facing death bravely. Foresaw Polar Flights. “After Wilbur and I were successful in our attempts to fly at Kitty Hawk, in 1903, I often allowed my imagina- tlon to' wander on the possibilities of | BuPES % HAVIEe 12, SReCk MONER ol delved into the records of other Arctic | eround and on ofhers it may repre- sent 20. ‘The maps are then folded in strips | about 6 inches in width with the route to be followed in the center. These strips are arranged in accordion folds 50 that it is only necessary to turn one of the folds in following the route. When finished we have a map of each State passed over, arranged in con- venient form with the route and dis- tances marked. As a matter of precaution we will mark the position of some airport be- | tween our stopping points, in case a strong head wind is encountered and the fuel reserve becomes insufficient. One is found just north of the route at McKeesport, Pa., and another a little north of Terre Haute, Ind. The most difficult part is to find the compass course to follow at the start. Compass and Landmarks. A compass is subject to a number of errors which can be compensated for, but which we will not take into con- sideration here. Consequently we will start with a compass which may be pointing & number of degrees off true north. Twenty miles out our route passes over downtown New York, so after taking off the plane is headed in this direction and the course indicated by the compass is noted. This course is held until downtown New York Is passed. If we are approximately above, the compass course is correct and should be continued. If to one side, the course should be changed a few degrees in or- der to bring the plane back onto the route gradually. Unless the error is great a change of five or ten degrees will be sufficient. Five miles further on we should be over the north end of New York Bay and crossing two railroads. ‘We pass just south of Newark and over several railroads, each of which be checked on the map. Forty miles out our course strikes the Delaware, Lackawana & Western and parallels the roadbed for several miles. At 60 miles we cross the Central of New Jersey where it takes a sharp bend northward. At 67 the forks of a river. At 73 the Lehigh Valley and again at 78. At 82 miles the Delaware River is crossed, giving a perfect check on our ground speed and an indication of the time required to reach Columbus if weather conditions remain constant. 1If it has required an hour to reach the Delaware our ground speed is only 80 miles, and with six hours of gasoline we will not be able to reach Columbus. and will be n?uired to stop at Mc- Keesport to refuel. If, however, we passed the river in 50 minutes or less, we will probably arrive at Columbus with a safe reserve. Every object indicated on the map should be checked as it is passed and AERONAUTICS PARLEY LISTS FILM EXHIBIT One of the most mumunf features of the PFirst International Civil Aero- nautics Conference from the standpoint of the layman will be the night session ‘Thursday night in the Washington Au- ditorium, which is to be devoted to pioneering flights, Motion pictures brought here from a score of foreign nations by official delegates and others, from the American vernmental archives and the li- ies of the leading newsreel organi. wations, showing famous historical events in aeronautics, will be shown. Many of the men who actually took part in pioneer fiights will be present and a number of them will be asked to recount their experiences in opening up the sclence of flying. These famous air pioneers are to be grouped together on the stage. Among the unique motion picture records of early flights which will be shown is a film made during the first international aviation meet, held at Rheims, France, in 1909, where Glenn Curtis won the grand prize with his famous bamboo airplane and Paulhan, increased Bleriot’s distance record from 21 miles to 84. Only one in 10 planes entered in the meet were able to leave the ground at all and few were able to remain up more than a few minutes. Bleriot had just startled the world by OF NOTED HOPS flying across the English Channel, opening the eyes of the public to the potentialities of aviation, and the Rheims meet created world-wide interest. There were about 100 airplanes entered, that of Curtiss being the only one from the United States. The planes took off up a little slope about 1,500 feet long, and those that succeeded in getting into the air had to make a left turn about two miles farther on. There most of them came to grief. An ambulance cog: ‘was kept at the turning point and surgeons d nurses always were surprised, when plane succeeded in making the turn and flying on, with an ambulance in hot pursuit_below. All the planes flew slowly and were unable to attain an altitude of more than a few feet. They all were erratic and wabbled perilously. Paulhan, the most fortunate of them all, kept his plane in the air until he had run out of gasoline, after flying 84 miles. Many times his' plane almost fell, but he suc- ceeded in regaining control, often within a few feet of the ground. All the fiyers entered expected to fall some time during the meet and those who did not were probably more sur- prised than the spectators. The flyers waited on the wind and nobody would attempt a flight when the flags on the poles moved at all. RECORD FOR CHRISTMAS AIR MAIL IS EXPECTED Western End of Transcontinental Line Prepares to Handle 680,000 Pieces Daily. ‘The Nation's air mail lines are pre- aring to handle a record volume of ristmas air mail business. On many lines reserve planes are being made ready for emergency service. It is ex- pected that the Christmas air mail loads this month may exceed those of last year by as much as 300 per cent. On the Western half of the trans- continental line 11 Douglas mail planes, carrying 11,000 pounds each, and two tri-motored Fokkers, carrying 3,000 pounds each, are ready for daily service. They will have a daily capacity of 680,- 000 pleces of mail, though the peak load 1s not expected to exceed 200,000 pieces. ‘The Post Office Department expects to do a large business in handling Christmas greeting cards by air mal, the new 5-cent rate having gone into ef- fect on such mail last Christmas. Planes Link Milan and Berlin. Temporary airplane service from | Milan, Italy, to Berlin was maintained | by the Aero Club of Milan and the Avio | Linee Italiane during the recent inter- national aeronautic exposition in Ber- lin. ‘The planes used were a Fokker F- VII and a Caproni cabin piane. Service Is Speeded Up. Due to the increasing use by passen- JAPAN HAS AIR FIRM. First Plane Transport Company Aided by Subsidy. A Japanese air transport company, with a capitalization of $4,500,000, has been established and is the first firm in Japan to engage in the air trafic busi- ness on a large scale, according to ad- vices to the Department of Commerce ‘The company was established as a result of the approval by the Imperial Diet of an 1l-year subsidy totaling nearly $9,000,000. It is not likely that regular services will be in operation be- fore the close of the coming fiscal year. Establishment of & seaplane service between Queenstown and northern Eu- rope by way of Dublin, Liverpool, Hull and Hamburg is being planned, accord- ing to word received here by the Depart- ment_of Commerce. The service con- templated would require a fleet of three- motored flying boats, each with a capac- ity of 20 passengers, luggage and mail, each costing nearly $90,000. The dis- tance to be covered is approximately 390 miles. A 0 R Airway Work Progresses. Construction work on the various new airways throughout the country is continuing rapidly, according to fleld reports received by the airways section ers of the Madrid-Seville air service, ights have been increased from twice & week to every other day. The time of of the Department of Commerce. On | the Miami-Atlanta line, which will be an extension of the line from New York departure from Madrid has been ad-*south through this city, the towers and vanced so that passengers may arrive in Seville in time to do business before the ‘uk closing time, beacons have been ordered shipped for immediate installation on the Jackson- vilie-Atlanta section. U. S-WEST INDIES LINE TO OPEN S0ON Big Planes to Operate Be- tween Islands and Florida on Schedule. By the Associated Press. MIAMI, Fla., December 8.—The United States and the West Indles will be link- ed by regular air passenger service Jan- uary 9, when 10 giant air transports are put into operation between Miami, Havana, Nassau and San Juan. The first of the fleet of 10 Fokker planes, christened the Christopher Co- lumbus by Mrs. Calvin Coolidge in Washington, is scheduled to arrive here soon for a final survey trip over the new route. ‘The huge planes are equipped with de luxe passenger cabins designed to seat from 12 to 14 persons and are powered by three 425-horsepower mo- tors. Furnished as lounge cabins, the planes have full-vision windows, buffet service, complete lavatory facil- itles, running water and special com- partments for luggage and air mail. The Pan-American Airways, operator of the new line, is rushing work on a $100,000 air-passenger terminal here which has incorporated all the facilities of large rail stations in its plans. The new station has accommodations for passengers, offices for immigration and customs officials, post office, restaurant, lounge rooms and an observatory | balcony overlooking the flying field. | Passengers will board or alight from i the air liners on canopied runways lead- ing directly to the main waiting room of the terminal. According to_present plans, passengers bound for Havana, Nassau or the West Indies will be met at incoming trains from the North and West with private motor cars and trans- ported to waiting planes at the air- port. ‘The “Havana Air Limited,” the plane scheduled to leave at 8 o'clock each morning, will make direct connections with the “Palmetto Limited” and “Ha- vana Special” from New York, Phila- delphia and Washington. The next plane, to be known as the “Havana Air Express,” will leave at 9:15 o'clock each morning, carrying passengers coming in from St. Louls on the “Flamingo” and from Chicago on the “Dixie Limited” and “Floridian.” ‘The “West Indles Air Limited” will make three trips a week over a section of the route which Col. Charles A. Lind- berz mapped out after his Latin Ameri- can tour. The air route will make di- rect connections with all trains for through service to San Juan by way of Havana, Camaguey, Sentiago, Port au Prince and Santo Domingo City. The “Nassau Air Limited,” operating from Miami to Nassau, British resort in the Bahamas, will also make three trips each week. Amphibian planes will be used on this section of the route because of the longer over-water hop. ‘The Pan-American Airways' officials announce this service as the first link in a projected route that will encircle Central and South America, making possible a trip from Miami around the southern end of South America in three weeksy should map and ground fail to corre- secutive instances a definite sort. 1t is simple and inexpensive to spond in more than two or three con- | paint the name of a town on the top check | of some roof. and in the present day should be made even though it necessi-| of aeronautical development every vil- tates landing on some farm pasture. |lage in the United States should be Some of our more progressive cities and | plainly marked. towns have painted their names on the roofs of conspicuous buildings, thereby greatly assisting the air traveler. Department of Commerce regulations require a minimum "altitude of 1,000 feet in passing over densely populated areas. Consequently it is no longer permissible 40 seek the name of a town by flying low over the railroad station. Undoubtedly, however, a pilot who is lost in a territory without open fields would use this method as a last. re- Although a long professional training is unnecessary, the impression should | explorations, and felt certain, as the airplane continued to develop its poten- tialities, that the North and South Poles would be reached first by air- plane. . “It was really a considerable disap- pointment to me when the airplane failed to claim the honor of reaching the poles first. It was a worse blow not be gained from this article (hm.'\\hf-n the dirigible even preceded the even short_cross-country flights are to airplane. I had little faith in the abil- be undertaken by a pilot who has nntl ity of the dirigible to be an aid to polar had a reasonable amount of airport training. An article by Colonel Lindbergh on the present and future of aviation will appear | each _week, exclusively in Washington, in | The Sunday § (Copyright, 1928.) tar. exploration, and felt that the airplane held all the advantages for such an adventure.” Mr. Wright watched with unusual interest the extensive preparations of Comdr. Richard E. Byrd for his $500,- 000 expedition to the Antarctic, where held the airplane capable for years. Prophecy Fatility Seen. “It is easy to talk of flying across the North and South Poles with an airplane today, in this day when the public is trained to expect almost any- bur and I first discussed these ‘possibil- ities and cherished such hopes for the machine we perfected, it would have been folly to make such an utterance in public. “We were generally considered as some kind of lunatics, peaceful, but potentially dangerous, and were the brunt of many a jokester's fun. Even while we were making preparation for our first flight at Kitty Hawk, people would watch us put handkerchiefs in the wind for tests—and invariably thought us crazy if they were kind enough not to express themselves audi- bly. Youthful America today, intent upon _discussing feats of the air as casual happenings, cannot realize the laughs their fathers enjoyed during our early efforts. ir LUXURIOUS CHAIRS PLACED IN PLANES Aeronautic Exposition Reveals Auto Industry’s Influence on Air Lines’ Styles. By the Associated Press. CHICAGO, December 8—The in- fluence of the automobile industry upon styles for commercial airplanes was marked at the International Aeronautic Exposition here. The wide range in sizes and types of commercial airplanes on display at the show indicates a decided trend toward the satisfaction of the same tastes that designers in the motor industry have recognized as important in developing a popular model. Luxuriously upholstered chairs and lounges have replaced the plain, un- comfortable wooden seats which car- ried the commercial pilot and his pas- sengers in past years. The common brown and dark blue colors of yester- year’s planes have been supplanted by brilliant two or three tone color schemes of the present day automobile. Sterling silver and brightly polished nickel fittings fashioned after the fix- tures of a fine limousine have been in- cluded in the trappings of the 40 or more different cabin plane models pre- pared by manufacturers for exhibition at the show. Dome and side lights have taken their place in the cabins, and many of the planes are fitted for night flying with landing and running lights. NEW BEACON ERECTED. Revolving Airplane Signal Light Used at Langley Field. A new revolving lane beacon, which is visible at a ice of 60 miles, been erected at Langley Pleld, Hampton, Va., the War Department has announced. The beacon is designed to produce from 1,500,000 to 3,000,000 candlepower and is mounted on top of a 135-foot water tank. It revolves at a rate of six revolutions per minute. The light is so powerful it has become necessary to notify surface vesels on the Atlantic Ocean and Chesapeake Bay in order to prevent confusion. Of all gifts. a new motor car.. of all cars.a new BUICK .. the ‘Fullesi measure of " Christmas Cheer you could possibly give to your family..... Buick offers 18 Iuxurious body-types, ranging in price from $1195 to $2145, f. 0. b. factory—each an wn- rivaled value— each a magnificent gilt for the family Stanley H. Horner 1015-1017 14th St Bury Motor Co. Anacostia, D. C. Bowdoin Motor Co. Alexandria, Va. NS =% i Che A generous allowance for your extremely liberal G. M. A.C. Time Payment Plan —wiil make purchase of a new Buick extremely easy. Insure not only the keenest joy at Christmas, but also the most enduring joy for every member of the familyt Arrange with us foday for a surprise presentation on Christmas morning . . . of a new Silver Buick with Masterpiece Body by Fisher! appeal is this Silver Anniversary UICI Of all gifts, the one most certain to delight every mem- ber of the family is a fine motor car. And of all cars, the one which holds strongest new Buick with Masterpiece Bodies by Fisher! Buick’s alluring harmonies of line and color will theill your family with pride . . . its superlative luxury and comfort will impart lasting pleasure . . . and its amas- ingly brilliant performance will yield unrivaled motor- ing satisfaction for days, weeks and months to come! present car—and the WITH MASTERPIECE BODIES BY FISHER Buick will be host at the General Motors Radio Party tomorrow evening, December 10th, over Station WRC. Buick Motor._ Co. (Division General Motors Cotporation) 1#thaL ° Emerson & Orme 17th & M Sts. 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