Evening Star Newspaper, November 12, 1928, Page 7

THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. MOXNDAY. PRESIDENT PLEADS FOR WORLD PEACE Speaks at Celebration of| Armistice Day—U. S. Aid Since War Reviewed. President Coolidge's address last night at the Armistice day celebration in the ‘Washington Auditorium follows: Fellow Countrymen: We meet to give thanks for 10 more years of peace. Amid the multitude of bounties which have been bestowed | upon us, we count that our supreme blessing. In all our domestic and for- eign relations our chief concern is that it should be permanent. It is our be- lef that it is coming to be more and more realized as the natural state of mankind. Yet, while we are placing our faith in more complete understandings which shall harmonize with the universal con- science, we ought not to forget that all the rights we now possess, the peace we now enjoy, have been secured for us by a long series of sacrifices and of | conflicts. We are able to participate in this celebration because our coun- try had the resources, the character and the spirit to raise, eouip and sup- port with adequate supplies an Army and a Navy. which, by placing more than 2.000,000 men on the battle fields of Europe, contributed to the making of the armistice on the 1lth day of November, 1918. Our first thought, then, is to acknowl- edge the obligation which the Nation owes to those who served in our forces afloat and ashore, which contributed the indispensable factor to the final victory. Although all our people be- came engaged in this great conflict, some in furnishing money, some in producing food and clothing, some in making munitions, some in administer- ing our Government. the place of honor will always be accorded to the men and women who wore the uniform of our country—the living and the dead. Lauds Sims and Pershing. ‘When the great conflict finally broke upon us we were unorepared to meet its military responsibilities. What Navy we possessed at that time, as is always the case with our Navy, was ready. Admiral Sims at once carried new cout age and new energy to the contest on the sea. So complete was the defense of our transports that the loss by enemy attack in sending our land forces to Europe was surprisingly small. As we study the record of our Army in France, we become more and more impressed by three outstanding fea- tures. The unity of the American forces and the integrity of the Ameri- can command were always preserved. ‘They were trained with a thorough- ness becoming the tradition of Mec- Clellan, they were fought with a tenacity and skill worthy of the mem- ory of Grant. And finally, they were undefeated. For these outstanding ac- complishments, which were the chief sources of the glory of our arms, we are indebted to the genius of Gen. Pershing. It is unnecessary to recount with any detail our experience in the war. It ‘was & new revelation, not only of the strength, but of the unity of our people. No country ever exhibited a more mag- nificent spirit or demonstrated a higher degree of patriotic devotion. The great organizing ability of our industrial lead- ers, the unexpected strength of our financial resources, the dedication of our entire man power under the uni- versal-service law, the farm and the factory, the railroad and the bank, 4,000,000 men under arms and 6.000,000 men in reserve, all became one mighty e for the prosecution of the war. All together it was the greatest power that any Nation on earth had ever as- sembled. Had Reserve Power. When it was all over, in spite of the great strain, we were the only country that had much reserve power left. Our foodstuffs were necessary to supply urgent needs; our money was required to save from financial disaster. Our resources delivered Europe from star- vation and ruin. In the final treaty of peace, not only was the map of Europe remade, but the enormous colonial possessions of Germany were divided up among cer- tain allied nations. Such private prop- erty of her nationals as they held was applied to the claim for reparations. We neither sought nor took any of the former German possessions. We have provided by law for returning the pri- vate property of her nationals. Yet our own outlay had been and was to continue to be a perfectly enor- mous sum. It is sometimes represented that this country made a profit out of the war. Nothing could be further from the truth. Up to the present time our own net war costs, after allowing for our foreign-debt expectations, are about $36,500,000,000. To retire the balance of our public debt will require about $7,000,000,000 in interest. High Cest of War. Our Veterans' Bureau and allied ex- penses are already running at over $500,000,000 a year in meeting the sol- emn duty to the diszbled and dependent. With what has been paid out and what is already apparent it is probable that our final cost will run well toward $100,000,000,000, or half the entire wealth of the country when we entered the conflict. Viewed from its economic results, war is the most destructive agency that ever afflicts the earth. Yet it is thz dead here and abroad who are gone forever. While our own losses were thus very large, the losses of others Tequired a somewhat greater propor- tionate outlay. but they are to be re- duced by territorial acquisitions and by reparations. While we shall receive some further credits on the accounts I have stated as our costs, ovr outlay will be much greater than that of any other country. Whatever may be thought or said of us, we know and every informed per- son should know that we reaped no selfish benefit from the war. No citizen of the United States needs to make any apology to anybody anywhere for not having done our duty in defense of the cause of world liberty. Such benefits as came to our coun- try from our war experience were not Tepresented by material values, but by spiritual values. The whole standard of our existence was raised; the con- sclence and the faith of the Nation were quickened with new life. The people awoke to the drumbeats of a new destiny. Still Paying the Cost. In common with most of the great powers we are paying th> cost of that terrible tragedy. On the whole, the war has made possible a great advance in self-government in Europe, yet in some quarters sociely was so near dis- integration that it submitted to new forms of absolutism to prevent anarchy. ‘The whole essence of war is destruc- tion. It is the negation and the anti- thesis of human progress. No good thing ever came out of war that could not better have been secured by reason and conscience. Every dictate of humanity constantly cries aloud that we do not want any more war. We ought to take every precaution and make every honorable sacrifice, however great, to prevent it. Btill, the first law of progress reauires the world to face facts, and it is equally plain that reason and conscience are as yet by no means supreme in human affairs. The inherited instinct of fishness is very far from being elimi- nated; the forces of evil are exceedingly powerful ‘The eternal questions before the na- tions are how to prevent war and how to defend themselves if it comes. There are those who see no answer, except military preparation. But this remedy has never proved sufficient. We do not know of any nation which has ever been able to provide arms enough so as always to be at peace. Examples in Europe. Fifteen years ago the most thoroughly equipped people of Europe were Ger- many and Prance. We saw what hap- pened. While Rome maintained a gen- was not_without a running conflict on the borders which finally engulfed the empire. But there is a wide distinction between absoiute prevention and fre- quent recurrence, and peace is of little IValue if it is constantly accompanied by the threatened or the actual viola- tion of national rights. If the European countries had neg- lected their defenses, it is probable that war would have come much sooner. All human _experience scems (o demon- sonable preparation for defense is less likely to be subject to a hostile attack and less likely to suffer a violation of its rights which might lead to war. This is the prevailing attitude of the United States and one which I believe should constantly determine its actions. To be ready for defense is not to be guilty of aggression, We can have mili- tary preparation without assuming a spirit. It is our duty to our- selves and to the cause of civilization, to the preservation of domestic tran- quillity. to our orderly and Jawful rela- an adequate Army and Navy Position of Army. We do not need a large land force. The present size of our Reguiar Army tiau to be supplemented by a National | Gua 1 ond Reserves, and especially with il ecuipment and organization in our - s 4o- for furnishing supplies. Y o'n we turn to the sca the situa- tion i different, We have not only a long ¢ -astline, distant outlying pcsses- sions. a foreign commerce unsurpassed in importance, and foreign investments unsurpassed in_amount, the number of our people and value of our treasure to be protected, but we are also bound by international treaty to defend the | Panama Canal. N Having few fueling stations, we re- quire ships of large tonnage, and hav- ing scarcely any merchant vessels ca- pable of mounting five or six inch guns, it is obvious that, based on needs, we are entitled to a larger number of war- ships than a nation having these ad- vantages. Important, however, as we have be- lieved adequate national defense to be for preserving order and peace in the world, we have not considered it to be the only element. We have most urgently and to some degree success- fully advocated the principle of the limitation of armaments. We think this should apply both to land and sea but the limitation of armies is very largely 2 European question we | have wished the countries most in- terested to take the lead in deciding | this ameng themselves. Called Arms Conference. For the purpose of naval limitation | we called the Washington conference and secured an agreement as to capital ships and airplane carriers, and also as to the maximum unit tonnage and maximum caliber of guns of cruisers. But the number of cruisers, lesser craft and submarines have no limit. It no doubt has some significance that foreign governments made agree- ments limiting that class of combat vessels in which we were superior, but refused limitation in the class in which they were superior. We made alto- gether the heaviest sacrifice in scrap- ping work which was already in ex- istence. That should forever remain not only a satisfaction to ourselves, but a demonstration to others of our good faith in advocating the principle of limitations. At that time we had 23 cruisers and. 10 more nearly completed. One of these has since been lost, and 22 are nearly obsolete. To replace these, we have started building 8. The British have since begun and completed 7, are building 8, and have 5 more authorized. | When their present legislation is car- | ried out, they would have 68 cruisers. When ours is carried out, we would have 40. It is obvious that, eliminat- ing all competitior, world standards of defense require us to have more cruisers. Second Parley on Ships. This was the situation when I re- quested another conference, which the British_and Japanese attended, but to which Italy and France did not come. K embodiment grace a n ful lines—its warmth and of old mahogany. And with lines and gleaming wood the second oldest piano i Come and see how much t delighted with it—and wit e o (& I THE HOMER Masox & Hamuin. .. . Knass.. eral peace for many generations, it strate that a country which makes rea- | tions with foreign people, to maintain | is eniirely adequate, but it should con- | to the charm of music —an« == ‘1Thfl United States there proposed a limitation of cruiser tonnage of 250,000 to 300,000 tons. As near as we could figure out their proposal, the British asked for fromn 425,000 to 600,000 tons. As it appeared to us that to agree to so large a tonnage. constituted not a | limitation, but an extension of war | fleets, no agreement was made. Since that time no pProgress seems to have been made. In fact, the move- men's have been discouraging. Dug- ing last Summer France and England made a tentative offer which would limit the kind of cruisers and sub- marines adapted to the use of the | United States, but left without limit the | kind adapted to their use. The United | States of course refused to accept this | offer. | Had we not done so, the French | Army and the English Navy would be 50 near unlimited that the principle of limitations would be virtually aban- The nations have already ac- shed much in the way of limi- and we hope may accomplish more when the preliminary conference called by the League of Nations is reconvened. Meantime, the United States and other nations have been successfully cngaged in undertaking to establish additional safeguards and securities to the peace of the world by another method. Throughout all history war has been occurring until it has come to be recognized by custom and practice as having a certain legal standing. It | has been’ regarded as the last resort, and has too frequently been the first. Pact Signed in Paris. _When it was proposed that this tra- ditional attitude should be modified between the United States and France, | we replied that it should be modified |among all nations. As a result, Tep- resentatives of 15 powers have met in | Paris and signed a trcaty which con- demus recourse to war, renounces it selves not to seek to resolve their dif- ferences except by peaceful action. While this leaves the questions of national defense and limitation of armaments practically where they were, as the negative supports of peace, it discards all threat of force and ap- proaches the subject on its positive 3ide. For the first time in the world the leading powers bind themselves to adjust disputes without recourse to force. While recognizing to the fullest extent the duty of self-defense, and not undertaking, as no human inge- nuity could undertake, an absolute guarantee against war, it is the most complete and will be the most effective instrument for peace that was ever devised. So long as promises can be broken and treaties can bz violated we can have no positive assurances, yet every guards. We can only say that this is the best that mortal man can do. It is beside the mark to argue that we should not put faith in it. The whole scheme of human society, the whole progress of civilization, requires that we should have faith in men and in nations. Sees Faith Justified. ‘There is no positive power on which we could rely. All the values that have ever been created, all the progress that has been made, declare that our faith is justified. For the cause of peace the United States is adopting the only practical principles that have ever been pro- posed, of preparation, limitation, and renunciation. The progress that the world has made in this direction in the last 10 years surpasses all the progress ever before made. Recent developments have brought to us not only a new economic, but a new political relationship to the rest of the world. We have been constantly debating what our attitude ought to be toward the European nations. Much of our position is already revealed by the record. It can truthfully be char- acterized as one of patience, considera- tion, restraint, and assistance. We have accepted settlement of ob- ligations, not in accordance with what was due, but in accordance with the merciful principle of what our debtors could pay. We have given of our counsel when asked, and of our re- sources for constructive purposes, but we have carefully refrained from all intervention which was unsought or which we believed would be ineffective, and we have not wished to contribute to the support of armaments. What- ever assistance we may have given to finishing the war, we feel free from " “VENETIAN”... of old-world d charm Sex the new Marshall & Wendell “Venetian™ and you will realize as never before that a piano can be not only a musical instrument but the crowning decorative touch in the well-planned room. In the “Venetian” the Ttalian style finds expression of its airy beauty in grace- richness in the dull brown in this symphony of lovely is the Marshall & Wendell, n America, the instrument whase golden voice has thrilled music lovers since 1836. he new “Venetian” can add 1 of your home. You will be h its remarkably low price. L. I (CO. Washiigton's Complete Music House 1330 G Street .. Curckerin . . .. Tur Aurice as a national policy and’ pledges them- | one knows they are additional safe- | any responsibility for beginning it. do not wish: to finance preparation for a future war. Our Duty to Europe. We have heard an impressive amount of discussion concerning our duty to Europe. Our own people have supplied considerable quantities of it. Europe itself has expressed very definite ideas on this subject. We do have such duties. ‘We have acknowledged them and tried to meet them. They are not all on one side, however. They are mutual. We have sometimes been re- proached for lecturing Europe, but probably ours are not the only people who sometimes engage in gratuitous icriticism and advice. We have also been charged with pursuing & policy of isolation. We are not the only people, either, who desirc to give their attention to their own affairs. It is quite evident that both of these claims cannot be true. I think no informed person at home or abroad would blame us for not inter- vening in affairs which are peculiarly the concerns of others to adjust, or | when we are asked for help for stating clearly the terms on which we are | willing to respond. Immediately following the war we went to the rescue of friend and foe alike in Europe on the grounds of humanity. with their experts in making a tem- porary adjustment of German repara- the Ruhr. Our people lent $110,000,000 to Germany to put that plan into im- mediate effect. Since 1924 Germany has paid on reparations about $1,300,- 000,000, and our people have lent to national, state and municipal govern- ments and to corporations in Germany a little over $1,100,000,000. money is the entire source from which reparations have been directly paid, in rendering Germany able to pay. ments and_corporations in other coun- tries to aid in their financial rehabili- tation. Sending Capital Abroad. I have several times stated that such ought to be our policy. But there is little reason for sending capital abroad while rates for money in London and Paris are at 4 or 5 per cent, while ours are much higher. England is placing very considerable loans abroad; France has had large credits abroad, some of which have been called home. Both are making very large outlays for mili- tary purposes. Europe on the whole has arrived at a state of financial stability and pros- perity where it cannot be said we are called on to help or act much beyond a. strict business basis. The needs of our own people require that any further advances by us must have most care- ful consideration. For the United States not to wish Europe to prosper would be not only a We‘ Later our experts joined | tions and securing the evacuation of | It could not be claimed that this | but it must have been a large factor | |in" exports, whichever side had won, We also lent large sums to the govern- | selfish, but an entirely unenlightened view. We want the investment of life and money which we have made there to be to their benefit. We should like to have our Government debts all settled, although it is probable that we could better afford to lose them than our debtors could afford not to pay them. Divergent standards of living among nations involve many difficult problems. We intend to preserve our high stan- dards of living and we should like 1o see all other countries on the same level. With a whole-hearted acceptance of republican institutions, with the opening of opportunity to individual initiative, they are certain to make much progress in that direction. Need of Understanding. It is always plain that Europe and the United States are lacking in mutual understanding. We are prone to think they can do as we can do. We are not interested in their age-old ani- mosities, we have not suflered from centuries of violent hostilities. We do not see how difficult it is for them to displace distrust in each other with faith in each other. On the other hand, they appear to think that we are going to do exactly what they would do if they had our chance. If they would give a little more attention to our history and judge us a little more closely by our own record, and especially find out in what directions we believe our real interests to lie, much which they now appear to find obscure would be quite apparent. We want peace not only for the same reason that every other nation wants it, because we believe it to be right, but because war would interfere with our progress. Our interests all over the earth are such that a conflict anywhere would be enormously to our disadvantage. If we had not been in the World War, in spite of some profit we made in the end our losses would have been very great. We are against aggression and imperialism not only because we believe in local self-government, but because we do not want more terri- tory inhabited by foreign people. Our exclusion of immigration should make that plain. Our out-lying possessions, with the exception of the Panama Canal Zone, are not a help to us, but a hindrance. We hold them, not as a profit, but as a duty. We want limitation of armaments foy the welfare of humanity. - We are not merely seeking our own advantage in this, as we do not need it, or attempt- ing to avoid expense, as we can bear it better than any one else. Reciprocity in Good Will. If we could secure a more complete reciprocity in good will, the final liqui- dation of the balance of our foreign debts, and such further limitation of armaments as would be commensurate with the treaty renouncing war, our confidence in the effectiveness of any ORIENTAL RUGS <an unusual grouping of choice room-size rugs ACH one of these selected rugs, unusually soft and deep-piled, is masterfully designed, and colored as only the rugs of the Far East are. 'The traditions of cen- tuties find their expression in these exceptional pieces, marked at "185 for the 9! x 12! size b d W. & J. SLOANE 709-711-713 TWELFTH STREET, N. W. WASHINGTON, D. C. «The House with the Green Shutters” RE OPEN FROM 9 A. M. TO $:30 P. M. oo DAILY INCLUDING SATURDAY Slosne Endorsed Merchandise Carries An Assurance of Satisfaction Charge Accounts Conveniontly Arvanged Other Retail Stores in NEW YORK=SAN FRANCISCO—LOS ANGELES NOVEMBER 12, 1928, additional efforts on our part to assist in the further progress of Europe would be greatly increased. As we contemplate the past ten years, there i3 every reason to be encouraged. It has been a period in which human freedom has been greatly extended, in which the right of self-government has come to be more widely recognized. Strong foundations have been laid for the support of these principles. We should by no means be dis- couraged because practice lags behind principle. We make progress slowly and over a course which can tolerate no open spaces. It is a long distance from a world that walks by force to a world that walks by faith. The United States has been so placed that it could advance with little interruption along the road of freedom and faith. 1t is befitting that we should pursue our course without exultation, with due humility, and with due gratitude for the important contributions of the more ancient nations which have help- ress and our future hope. The gravest responsibilities that can come to a people in this world have come to us. ‘We must not fail to meet them in ac- cordance with the requirements of con- science and righteousness. MAN FOUND UNCONSCIOUS. Leo Bates Taken to Hospital for Treatment of Cuts. Found unconscious at Third and K streets northeast last night, Leo Bates, 29, of the 900 block K street northeast, was taken to Casualty Hospital and treated for several cuts on the head and one under the eye. Bates was found by a taxicab driver, who took him to the hospital. After he was revived he was unable to tell what had happened to him. He re- fused to remain in the hospital after he was treated, leaving before physi- cians could determine the full extent of his injuries. MEMORIAL IS OPENED. OTTAWA, Ontario, November 12 (#). —The formal opening by Premier Mac- kenzie King of the memorial chamber in the Peace Tower of the Parliament Buildings marked Ottawa’s observance yesterday of the tenth anniversary of the signinz of the armistice in the World War. The memorial chamber will house the compiete record of Canadians who were killed in the war. WOMAN GIVES SELF UP | TO POLICE IN SLAYING| Quarrel Between Colored Pair Said to Have Precaded Shooting l Fatal to Man. ‘While police sought her for the kill- ing last night of Charles Riggs, colored, 46 years old, in their home at 85 Fen- ton place northeast, Mabel Butler, col- ored, 27 years old, walked into the| second precinct station house early this morning and gave herself up. She was charged with murder. An inquest will be held today. | _ According to the story the woman| is sald to have told police, she and Riggs recently moved into the city from | nearby Maryland. Last night they had | |a bitter argument and Riggs went to| t ed to make possible our present prog- | 88 nt to | he did not bed. At 11 o'clock the woman went up- | stairs and found kim asleep. She said | she then got a shotgun, pressed it against the back of his head and pulled the trigger. Following the shooting, it is claimed, the woman dressed and went down- | stairs. where she sat until nearly 1| o'clock. She then went out to & tele- phone and notifled the Detective Bureau of the shooting. She said that she gave herself up on _the advice of her mother, Bessie May Butler of the first block L street. MeCOY STATliE PROPOSED. MANAGUA, Nicaragua, November | 12 (#).—Funds are being raised by Nation-wide subscriptions for a monu- | ment to Brig. Gen. Frank R. McCoy | in appreciation of his successful super- vision of the presidential election last | Sunday. The movement is headed by Jose Zelaya, Liberal mayor of the City of Managua, and many leading Conserva- tives are equally enthusiastic over the | proposal. It is planned to erect the | monument in some plaza which would | be_called “Plaza McCoy." | Don't Endure Slipping . FALSE TEETH | _ Do your false teeth drop or slip when you talk, eat. laugh or sneeze? Don't !be annoyed and embarrassed a minute longer. ~ Fasteeth. a new powder to sprinkie on your plates, holds teeth firm. Gives fine feeling of security and com- fort; 0 Summy. socey. pasty, taste of feeling, Get Fasteeth today at Peoples Drug_Store.—Advertisement. | NOVEMEER IS (S JOLSON’S WIFE QUITS STAGE FOR HUSBAND Ruby Keeler Wires Ziegfeld Her Mate Is Sick in Los Angeles. PITTSBURGH, Pa., November 12— Ruby Keeler, member of the cast of Flo Ziegfeld's “Whoopee,” now showing here, and the recent bride of Al Jolson, stage comedian, quit the show after Saturday night's performa ice and wired Ziegfcld from Chicago yesterday that she “hopes he is not angry,” but that she “could not continue in the She also mide known that she was on her way to Los Angeles to join Jolson, who, she sat was ill. Ziegfeld s: A" last night that although like to lose the service of Miss Keeler, a tap dancer. “we can easily fill her place in the show.” He denied there. had been any trouble. CREERON 614 12th St. Clearance Sale Large to Small Head Size Large selection of best styles and colors to choose from. THE AVENUF- AT 7 And Extraordinary Value Is the Order of the Day! 539 340 %45 OVEMBER would be Overcoat Month anyhow. Nature takes care of that. But November is Overcoat Month at Saks, especial- ly in the sense that we have staged some extraordinary values for you. 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