Evening Star Newspaper, October 14, 1928, Page 80

THE SUNDAY STAR., WASHINGTON, D. C. OCTOBER 14, 1928—PART 4.° In the Motor World BY G. ADAMS HOWARD. AST week compulsory au- tomobile insurance was stressed in these columns. This week compulsory con- trol of pedestrians at intersections operated by traffic signal lights or policemen is urged. This is urged by thinkers inter- ested in traffic problems, not to allow motorists more freedom, but tn - safeguard the pedestrians. Many believe all cities to be di- vided and pedestrians. But all motor- ists are sometimes pedestrians, and most all ‘pedestrians are sometimes motorists. Urge Pedestrian Control. Traffic Director William H. Har- land and his assistant are in full support of pedestrian control Last week a man was killed at Connecticut avenue and S street. It is said that he was walking on the red signal into the flow of | traffic. If he had waited for the | green light this tragedy would not | have happened. Minor acciden‘.s“ happen daily from the same cause. The fraffic office has recom- | mended suitable regulations gov- erning pedestrian control to the | Commissioners. So far. they have | not acted. Until such a regula- | tion is enacted, making it a police violation to walk against the red light or stop semaphore, the pe- destrians themselves should voi- untarily use their own common zense. Another death has resulted | from a machine plunging over the sea wall into the Potomac River. The verdict of the coroner was “accidental death by drowning.” Traffic officials are loath to call deaths of this sort traffic fatali- ties. Sea Wall Deaths. During the last 12 months five persons have met their end in such a manner. It has been sug- gested that the sea wall around Potomac Park be raised a few feet. This safeguard, while expensive, would also protect Potomac Park from the waters of the river when at high levels. Five deaths of this sort are five too many. Some- thing should be done. This mat- Yer, however, is not in the hands of the Traffic Department. It comes under the Office of Public Buildings and Grounds. Complaints have come into the Traffic Bureau regarding the practice of trucks darting into the flow of traffic on M street in Georgetown. Coming into the heavily traveled thoroughfare from side streets, many of these trucks pause at the stop signs, but fail to wait until their way is clear, and plunge out without the regard for the rights of others. ‘This practice is very dangerous and police should be stationed at those intersections to arrest driv- ers of this kind. Automobile Shows. Coming events cast their shad- ows before them. The date of the ‘Washington automobile show has been set for Saturday, January 26, and will continue through until Saturday, February 2. This will be the week following the Balti- more show, which, in turn, follows the Philadelphia show, which fol- lows the New York show. News of the automobile show i New York already has started to come in. A report states: “Signing up every square foot of floor space as the automobile industry approaches a ‘new pro- duction record for all time, more than 250 motor vehicle, parts and equipment makers reserved their sitions for the New York and hicago automobile shows at the annual drawing, held in the of- fices of the National Automobile Chamber of Commerce, October 4. ‘The New York event will be Jan- wary 5-12 and the Chicago show January 26-February 2. Forty- two makers of motor vehicles will exhibit over 200 models. Parts and equipment makers, the bulk of whose space is reserved by the Motor & Equipment Association, will include 225 exhibtors. Five foreign cars will be exhibited in New York. September production, based on whipping reports submitted by thc factories, is estimated at 460,000, including the entire industry and the output of Canadian factories making cars of American design. 'This brings the nine months’ total to 3,693.563, or within less than into two parts—motorists | coming December session. The bill was reported to the Senate by the committee on post offices and post roads in the closing month of the last session (Senate repori No. 999, Seventieth Congress) . The record of the hearing on | the bill before the committee, held | toward the close of the last session | (April 23), has just become avail- able. The bill is entitled “A bill to provide for the construction of a post road and military highway from a point on or near the At- lantic Coast to a point on or near the Pacific Coast, and for other purposes.” The record gives the text of the Warren Martin on behalf of Sen- ator du Pont (Republican) of Del- aware, who introduced the bill, |and by Gutzon Borglum of San Antonio, Tex. Summarizing the purposes of the measure, Mr. Martin, for Sen- ator du Pont, said that title 1 of the bill sets forth all that the bill would accomplish. “It establishes,” he said, “a na- tional survey commission, consist- ing of five members of the Cab- inet, whose departments would be directly interested, and six indi- viduals of outstanding qualifica- tions and experience appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. The commission would ve in- structed to make a preliminary examination and survey for a central highway as direct as prac- ticable from the Atlantic to the Pacific Coast, and to study the practicability of a highway along the Pacific seaboard, along the southern boundary, along the At- lantic seaboard, a highway from a point on the central highway as near longitude 95 degrees as may be practicable south to connect with the southern boundary high- way. The commission is to report to Congress.” New Motor Fuels. A story of interest to the motor world comes from Great Britain. Continued British efforts toward developing alcohol as a motor fuel have resulted in the development of a dry alcohol claimed by the producing company to form with gasoline an ideal anti-knock mix- ture, according to English trade reports forwarded to the Depart- ment of Commerce by the Ameri- can trade commissioner at Lon- don, Homer S. Fox. A trial for motor vehicles run on fuels other than gasoline and benzol has been organized for next Spring by the Royal Automobile Club of Great Britain, the advices state. There is no restriction on the nationality of entrants. The report follows in full text: One of the principal British companies interested in this mat- ter is the Distillers Co., Ltd., the largest group of alcohol distilling companies in the United King- dom. It is now claimed that ex- periments made by this company or affiliated companies have shown that alcohol is twice as ef- ficient as benzol in preventing knocking in an internal combus- tion engine. One of the principal results in this connection has been the pro- duction of a dry alcohol, and it is now stated that the Distillers Co. has put down a large unit at their Liverpool factory for the drying of alcohol by a French process, and they find that the 7 per cent by weight of water con- tained in alcohol, as ordinarily produced, can be removed at a very small cost, so that over 99 per cent absolute alcohol can be ob- tained, which can be mixed with gasoline in any proportion. A large unit, capable of handling about 4,000 gallons a day on the same principle, has been sent to the Distillers Co.s Australian branch and is expected to be in full operation shortly. It is expect- ed to use the output of this plant mixed with gasoline in the propor- tion of about 15 to 20 per cent of anhydrous alcohol. It is claimed that this mixture is one of the most nearly ideal fuels yet de- veloped as an anti-knock fuel, and that it prevents, to a very large extent, the deposit of carbon %n the cylinders and prevents damage to the lubricating oil. HONDURAS BUILDS NATIONAL HIGHWAY 21,000 of the previous high record. ‘This, taken in conjunction with resent retail sales, indicates that he year’s fizures will be consid- erablly ahead of any previous total.” German Club Here. Officers of the Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil Club, Ger- many’s largest motoring organiza- tion, called at the White House Friday to pay their respects to President Coolidge. They are at the head of a party of 129 German motorists who are | touring the Eastern part of the United States under the auspices; of the American Automobile Asso- ciation as the first of a series of tours to promote international; motoring through the 23 foreign affiliations of the national motor- ing body. Members of the party, who are traveling in eight special parlor car busses, arrived in Washington | ‘Thursday afternoon and remained | ‘ere until Saturday morning. Thomas P. Henry, president of the A. A. A, welcomed the visitors | upon their arrival in New York fast Sunday and accompanied | them to Washington. Mr. Henry | characterizes the tour as one of the most important moves ever made in motoring circles to pro- mote international touring and says that it will have a far-reach- ing effect on the friendly rela- tions of the United States and Germany. During the visit to New York the German motorists were welcomed by Mayor James J. Walker in an official reception at the City Hall and wele also tendered the use of the city steamer Macomb for a trip around the harbor. Four-Lane Highway. Construction of a transconti- nental highway, permitting a two- way fast traffic for tourist and non-truck traffic, and a two-way traffic for trucks and other heavy traffic, with an initial appropyia- Road Permits Trafic, From At lantic to Pacific Oceans, Honduras is the first Central Ameri- can Republic to have an ocean-to- ocean highw: At least we may take the automobile at the end of a four- hour rail trip on the coast and then motor across the country. Puerto Cortez, it will be recalled, stands on the north coast of Honduras. A railroad extends inland 60 miles to Potrerillos. Here the traveler disem- barks from the train and boards a motor car for Tegucigalpa. The first lap of this trip places one at Lake | Yojoa, a placid body of water domina- ted by towering mountains. A gaso- line launch transports the traveler across the lake—two hours’ pleasant transit. On the southern end of the lake another motor car is available and the journey is resumed; half a day later the car drives into Tegucigalpa, the only capital city of all the American nations that depends not upon railroads but upon its high- ways for outlets to the two oceans. From Tegucigalpa there is a high- way to San Lorenzo, on Fonseca Bay, an_indentation of the Pacific. The transhonduran motor _trip made in two stages. Potrerillos to Lake Yojoa and from there to Tegucigalpa—time about one day. The second stage is from the capital -to San Lorenzo, 80 miles, which requires five or six hours. How is the road, does the stranger ask? It is not a smooth-surfaced high- way; in places some mud may be en- countered; some miles are firm and excellent, ‘others have gravel, and still along the route the plain dirt road is | found. In places dust is disagreeable. | But the point of the story is that | the road across Honduras is usable; it follows a trail that for 400 years has been used by mule and horse caravans |of trade. Passenger cars and trucks jare covering the distance in hours in- stead of wecks. Moving southward from the end of the railroad at Potrerillos, there is a gradual rise; we ascend the grades to 5.000 feet amid mountains and pictur- esque landscapes. Southward from Tegucigalpa there is a gradual descent to sea Jevel. The route leads through San Pedro Sula, famous banana region; is tion therefor of $5,000,000, is pro- \ ed in -a bill (8. 1900) awaiting tion of the Seaats ab the forth- we pass Comayagua, the ancient capi- tal, and seo many ql;mt vumggé The cost of the trip, Car Pa- elfic, s about §35, ek, bill and presents the testimony of | AND STATUES- SO ERECTED To THE FIRST MAM WHO facgmofl Fisuer + BRG. LAYS AUTO DEATHS ON CARELESSNESS Road Builders’ Body Blames 11,367 Fatalities on Pedestrians. Carelessness on the part of pedes- trians was largely the reason for 11,367 highway accident fatalities in 1927, the American Road Builders’ Association reported today. Pedestrian control has become one of the most difficult prob- lems of city traffic officials, the or- ganization pointed out. Already nearly one-half of the total number of per- sons killed each year are pedestrians, Last year 11,765 deaths in highway acidents are charged to the carelessness or discourtesy of motorists, while 11,367 were the result of acts on the part of padestrians. Some 3,486 persons lost their lives as a result of physical con- ditions affecting traffic. “The percentage of pedestrians killed in highway accidents is increasing each year,” the American Road Builders' Association declared. “This is a result of the rapidly increasing population of the country and the climb in registra- tion of :automobiles, particularly in al- ready congested sections of the United States. “The problem has become exiremely perplexing in many of the Nations’ largest cities. Various methods of pe- destrian control have been attempted and a few of them have proven more or less successful. The establishment of pedestrian control systems is a maf ter which must be worked out in in- dividual municipalities to suit local conditions. “Generally, however, the pedestran himself is et fault in highway accidents in which he is involved. Failure to use reasonable courtesy and caution while crossing an intersection has resulted in an inexcusable number of deaths. The greatest single cause of pedestrian fa- talities is jaywalking. During the vear 1927 a total of 3.069 adults were killed while in the act of crossing a street between legal intersections. This is a ractice which should be discouraged, not legally I)rnhlhhed by the adoption and rigid enforcement of pedestrian regulations. “A study of statistical information re- lating to pedestrian fatalities during 1927 shows an amazing number of children killed while crossing between intersections or playing in the streets. A total of 3,638 children of school age were killed as a result of this form of carelessness alone. “As a whole the pedestrian problem is one of the most perplexing which now exists in the entire field of accl~ «dent prevention. The remedy is the practice of courtesy and caution by every individual, It has already been proven that a complex series of traffic rules and safety regulations are inef- fective unless rigidly and constantly en- forced. In lieu of such regulations, local campaigns should be waged de- signed to influence the general public into the adoption of the simple prin- ciples of courtesy and caution.” The organization urged all cities of the United States to adopt programs of safety education of children through tl medium of churches, schools and juvenile orgenizatipns. Adults should be informed as to the legal requirements of pedestrian traffic and these legal re- quirements should be made uniform for all cities in so far as this may be pos- sible., “A thorough study of the movement of both pedestrian and_vehicle traffic will indicate to city officials the best possible plans they may make in behalf of public safety. In the meantime the general ‘public must co-operate in the task of reducing the annual highway accident toll by the practice of cour- tesy end caution at all times.” WEEK END MOTORISTS BLAMED FOR ACCIDENTS Occasional Dri Maryland State Policeman Says. Special Dispatch to The Star. BALTIMORE, October 13.—The week end drivers—the motorists who keep away from their cars all during the week, then pile out on the road on Sunday, when traffic is heavy—cause more accidents than any other class, according to a State policeman who patrols one of the busiest highways. “They all get nervous and do all sorts of things, and first thing you know theyre in an accident. If they drove more that wouldn't happen. They must keep in trim. If all the motorists were courteous, accidents would decrease. The trouble is the drivers just think of themselves and do not give the other fellow any consideration. And the result is many accidents that could be avoided. The officer sald he has taught sev- eral people to drive, He addpd: “I tell them: ‘If you are puzzled ¢ the ofher. fellow, stopi" A e o gl i e er Becomes Nerv: ous, That's | anything, SAIOUEH Bash, WASHINGTON (S NOTABLE FOR (T'S MONUMENTS MEMORIALS WHY NOT USE AVAILABLE PARK SPACE HE AINT SUCH & "ERECTED TO THE MEMORN OF THE To THE WOMAN WHO, WHEN SHE MOTIONED . FOR A LEFT TURN— ACTUALLY TURNED Stable, Unemotional BY RUTH MILLARD. Only one man in 5000 is tempera- mentally and physically fitted to direct metropolitan traffic in this motor age. He must be unemotional, unimagi- native and 100 per cent stable. He must be immune to monotony and in- sensitive to_the ever-present danger of the post. He requires the patience of Job to answer courteously the questions that are constantly hurled at him. ‘To meet the mechanical requirements of the job for 10 hours a day ne needs a perfect physique. He must be at least 5 feet 11 inches; his hearing and vision must be superior. He needs agile feet to dodge the ceaseless stream of cars and strong lungs to bear the diet of carbon monoxide. These attributes of the successful traffic policeman were agreed upon by neurologists, Police Department execu- tives and veteran traffic men who were questioned following the suicide of Patrolman George O'Dey, 48, whose nerves were shattered last week by the endless procession of autos that streamed by his Brooklyn: traffic tower. Dangerous, But Popular. Although the man-in-the-street's idea of a police hero includes hair-raising chases and smoking pistols, the patrol- man who directs the lines of traffic is in more danger of injury than the officer on beat, according to Dr. Daniel J. Donovan, chief surgeon of the New York Police Department. Each year more men in the trafic department are killed or Eeflou.;lthoundexd than in any r branch of the service. Ofl;l‘: spite of these hazards and hard- ships, the traffic posts are popular among members of the police force be- cause of the regular hours and exemp- tion from night work. Although no official figures were available, members of the traffic squad estimated that nearly half of the policemen assigned to duty are unable to stand the strain and are transferred to other branches of the service. “All of these menln:de T:e“lyl hysiclnl- 1 rfect, as requir y police rules. b}:np:hey lack complete stability; they are not sufficlently emotionless: they have too much imagination,” said Dr. R. Sylvester Leahy, eminent neurologist, who, as consulting member of the medi- cal staft of the Police Department for the past seven years, has made a de- tailed study of ‘members of the force who suffer from neurosis. “Traffic duty entails a tremendous strain that would shatter the nerves of the ordinary man. The man who takes the job must stand in one place for 10 hours and repeat ceaselessly certain arbitrary motions. ‘The monotony of this, quite aside from the physical fatigue, would be sufficient to send most of us into nervous hysteria. Young Men Preferred. “But in addition to the mechanical requirements, the patrolman must be constantly alert for emergency. He jfaces death constantly; one careless moment, a second of relaxation, and he possible to bear. “To stand up under the nervous ten- slon of a traffic post day after day and | nervous system insensitive to shock and must be completely stable. He cannot cold, collected, detached.” Dr. Leahy sald that he had not ex- amined Patrolman O'Dey, who com- mitted suicide. In mamy cases of nerv- ous trouble the subject does not display symptoms apparent to the casual eye, he pointed out. Although the police au-~ thorities keep a careful eye on the traf- fic men, no one had suspected the strain that the veteran patrolman suffered from. “Young men are better able to adapt themselves to traffic jobs,” he added. “If O'Dey did not take up traffic work until nearly 40, as I have heard unof- ficially, that might account for his later maladjustment. - Many other things, such as home difficulty or financial troubles, might have contributed.” “It's a dog's life being a traffic cop,” declared James A. O'Keefe, who retired last week after 25 years of service in the police department—most of them spent in traffic. “Watching those cars keep going by and going by day after day is enough to drive A man nuts. I was in it for nearly 15 years and I ought to know, Haunted by Night Cars. “A man who stands on his feet all day and waves his arms and answers foolish questions politely is too ex- hausted at night to do anything but soak his feet and turn into bed. Then there's always a jolly good chance of getting bumped off by one of these reckless drivers and being brought home to dinner a ‘corpse. I began to get so I'd see the autos rushing at me when I was asleep. Although you'd - think after 15 years a man would get used to _nm ahout QR & ONLY ONE IN 5.000 HELD FIT - TO DIRECT TRAFFIC IN CITY Physique Needed to Withstand Strain, New York Doctor Finds. may be maimed for life, perhaps killed. | & - Toynn imaginative manpcthe peonxt-m]sulc‘de of Patrolman O'Dey. At police | presence of such danger would be im- | headquarters officials refused to give year after year, a man needs an iron | branches of the service. afford emotional expression; he must be | Officer With Perfect used to work with him. Half of the fellows who try the job break under the strain. His trouble was he didn’t know when to quit.” Patrolman Daly, who has supervised trafic at Chambers street and Broad- way for the past 31 years is hale and hearty and looks 15 years younger than his 52 years. “I haven't had a sick day,” declared this veteran of the traffic department. “It’s all in getting used to if; I started young, when there wasn't any traffic to speak of by modern ideas. When the autos began to come in floods I* was ready for them. Sure. I've seen hun- dreds of men that had to be trans- ferred because the job got them. But nothing bothers me, so I keep right on and feel too good to retire.” “Some folks have nerves and some haven't,” sald Patrolman Angus Beaty, who has stood at the intersection of Wall and Broad streets for:the past 20 years, in summing up the situation. “This_job has agreed with me all right. Now hurry over to the pavement, be- cause I'm not going to have my record spolled by any accidents on this here corner.” Shifted If Nervous. The Police Department has a series of iron-bound rules to promote the safety of the traffic policeman. He must stand in the center of the inter- section of the streets, with his shoul- ders parallel to the line of moving traffic. For example—to stop traffic, he rai his right hand at an angle of 45 | turned toward traffic. Then he faces left, raises his right arm on the level | of the shoulder and brings it across his chest to indicate where the halted traffic should move. If the traffic gfl]iccmnn stands in the prescribed way, is chances of being hit are lessened, although they by no means disappear, said Inspector McCartney, who was once a traffic cop himself. “Then 10-hour day of the traffic cop is a terrible hardship,” declared Joseph J. O'Rellly, secretary of the Patrol- man’s Benevolent Society, explaining why only one man in 5,000 can stand up under the job. “The three-platoon law, supposedly & humanitarian meas- ure. limited the hours of the ordinary policeman to eight, but exempted the trafic men. Because of this he is kept on duty over the regular time. At night he is usually so fatigued he can't enjoy recreation. The nervous strain of the long day has sapped his energy. It is not surprising that many trafic_ men suffer from nervous trou- bles, It's a tough job even for a super- man.’ Chief Surgeon Donovan explained that a careful watch was kept over all traffic men. In the case of apparent nervousness or other ailments, they are promptly examined, he said, and if they are feeling the strain of the job they are promptly transferred to other branches of the service. He sald there were no figures available to show the number of men who were transferred and would not comment on the mani- ] hysteria said to have caused the any figures on the frequency of nerv- ous maladies among traffic policemen | and the number transferred to other Consume Much Gasoline. Sufficient gasoline to form a lake 10 feet deep and more than 29 acres in extent was purchased by State of Washington motorists during the first six months of the present year, it is shown in figures compiled under the direction of Charles W. Hinton, assist- ant State treasurer. On the gas used for motor vehicles the State collected a net tax of $1,915,495 for highway pur- poses. Avoid Repair Bills Automotive Engineers Will Tell You. That the most important part of an automobile or truck is the transmission and rear axle gears. Because they carry the whole drive ing load. . These parts are unseen, and dif- | ficult to get at, hence are often | neglected. i To avoid repair bills, pro- : tect these important gears with | | Ebonite-T for transmissions, and | Ebonite-R for rear axles. | EBONITE (Combination of Pure OQil) 20 Cents a.Shot T'm. -glad Fm, - 3 im At Filling Stations and Garages. "BAYERSON OIL WORKS . Golumbis.5228/ . IS — SST0 THE PEDESTRIAN WHO ONCE HURRIED WHEN A CAR HORN BLEW. WHY NoT ERECT (N THE HALL OF FAME A STATUE OF THE WoMAN WHO NEVER DROVE FROM THE REAR SEAT—¢ MOTORFUELLAS HELD INADEQUATE A. A. A. Points Out That Only Eight States anq D. C. Protect Buyers. On the heels of its recent declaration that motorists lose a minimum $20,000,- 000 a year through “short sales” of motor fuel, the American Association pointed out today that only eight States and the District of Colum- bia provide adequate enforcement ma- chinery for protecting the motorists. “Considering that the car owners spent $2,350,000,000 for fuel in 1927, it is nothing short of deplorable that so few States have made provision to check the sales of 317,000 retail gas stations and 604,000 pumps that were in operation last year,” Thomas P. Henry, president of the A. A. A, de- clared. He continued: “Our survey of conditions throughout the country and the analysis by our research department discloses that no commodity of such widespread use has been as loosely handled as motor fuel from the standpoint of laws and regu- lations to protect the car owners. In at least a quarter of the States the weights and measures laws now in effect are highly inadequate.” . Urges Check on Losses. Mr. Henry announced that a bulle- tin had been dispatched to 1,065 motor clubs affiliated with the A. A. A, urg- ing on them the importance of the im- mediate launching of a program to check the large losses suffered by the motorists over a long period of years. Following are the principal recom- mendations of the mational motoring | degrees, with the palm of the hand |bod y: First, immediate adoption of new legislation on weights and measures by those States where the existing law is inadequate. Second, the setting up of State and local enforcement organizations with a personnel able to administer the law. Third, sufficient appropriations by the legislatures to enable these organizations to operate efficiently for 365 days a year. The eight States in which gasoline stations are subjected to a periodic check of gas sales are: California, In- diana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missis- sippi, New Jersey, New York and Ohio. States having adequate laws, but which are without sufficient appropria- tions are: Alabama, Arizona, Connecti- cut, Illinois, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Minnesota, New Hampshire, North Caro- line, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South! Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Ver- mont, Virginia, Washington, West Vir- ginia, Wisconsin and Wyoming. States in nced of both adequate laws and enforcement organizations are: Arkansas, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisi- ana, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Ne- R ‘The Aviator Absolute dependability is aviation’s first law and that is why I use dependable Champion Spark Plugs. Champion isthe better spark pluy because it has an exclusive lflfl- manite insulator cially treated to with- stand the much higher !enreumre- of the lern high-compres- sion engine. Alsoa new patented solid copper -seal that remains| absolutely gas-tight under high com, sion. ial lnry;h doouvdusp“whl:hlnuu a fixed -gap under all drlv'm* conditions. m-;. Qctober 4tk and every Sparkers will broade ¥ =55 “.’.h{:na-)fll 9100 -l"l:l-“ ‘ompany e Tfi; CHAMPPIONi Automobile | MODERN, IMPROVED HIGHWAY | NOW IN USE FROM EAST TO WEST Route 30. Available From Ocean to Ocean, Traverses 3.347 Miles of Territory. Notable in History. When the New Jersey legislators passed a law in 1891 providing for a certain measure of State participation in road building (the first State to so act), little did they dream that 30 years later the Federal Government would be | co-operating with the States in the con- struction of a Federal-aid highway sys- tem. And farthest from their dream: perhaps, was the fact that in the short span of 37 years a connected and traversable highway of 3,347 miles would be constructed and in operation from Atlantic City, on the Atlantic, to As-| toria, on the Columbia River 10 or 15 into the | miles from where it flows ific. This highway is United States Route 30. In the East it follows the old In- dian trails and traders’ paths and co- lonial roads and passes through his toric Philadelphia and Gettysburg and busy Pittsburgh. In the Middle West it passes through the birthplaces, homes and final resting places of some of our noted staiesmen and political leaders. It 4lso passes through rich agricultural sections and through important grain centers. West of the Missouri it follows generally the historic Old Oregon Trail, called the Great Medicine Road of the Whites by the Indians, into Oregon and follows the beautiful Columbia River | practically to the sea. 1,467 Miles Well Paved. Of the total of 3,347 miles, 1,467 railes, | or 44 per cent, is surfaced with brick, concrete and bituminous macadam, ac- cording to figures of the Bureau of Pub- lic Roads of the Department of Agri- culture. Three hundred and sixty-five miles, or slightly over 10 per cent, is surfaced with oiled gravel or macadam; 965 miles, or almost 29 per cent, with gravel, sand-c and selected material; 529 niiles, or almost 16 per cent, is of graded and drained earth. Of unim- proved road there are only 21 miles. That Route 30 is traversable today from one end of the continent to the other is due in great measure to Fed- eral aid. Of the total of 3,347 miles, 1,623 miles were improved with Federal aid. The total cost of the 1,623 miles was $31,065.421, to which over 44 per cent, or $13,820,086, of Federal funds was applied. 5 From Atlantic City to the Missiseippi, a distance of 819 miles through New Jersey, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Chio, Indiana and Illinois, Route 30 is a paved highway of high and medium- type surfaces for the entire distance, according to figures of the Bureau of Public Roads. Classified as high-type surfaces are pavements of concrete, bituminous concrete and brick. Bridges also come under this classification. I termediate types are water-bound ma adam and bituminous macadam. Low- type construction is a graded and drained road, a sand-clay or a gravel road. Many Superior Roads Listed. ‘Through Iowa Route 30 is a concrete 20ad for 201 miles, a gravel road for 91 miles and is graded and drained for 89 | ¢ miles. In Nebraska® it is brick or con- crete for 57 miles, gravel for 274 miles, graded and drained for 155 miles and | between the two cities. In 1926, when |1t was constructed, it was the longest | suspension span in the world. While there are several toll bridges on Route 30, it is the policy of the State high- ways departments and of the Burean of Public Roads to eliminate toll bridges on the Federal-ald system wherever possible. Philadelphi otable History. Philadelphia was founded and laid out by Willlam Penn in 1682. The first Continental Congress met in Car- penters’ Hall in this Quaker City May 10, 1775. The first American flag was | made by Betsy Ross in her home, known today as the American Flag House. The Liberty bell is housed in Independ= ence Hall. For almost a year, Septem= ber 27, 1777, to June 18, 1778, the city was held by the British while the army was at Valley Forge. Philacelphia was | the seat of the Federal Government | from 1790 to 1800, the ca 1 of the State from 1683 to 1799 and the monc- tary center of the country until 1836. Washington delivered his farewell ad- dréss here. Next to Williem Penn, Benjamin Franklin, who came to Phila- delphia in 1723, exerted the greatest | infiuence in its ‘early growth. Following Lancaster avenus out of | Philadelphia into Lancaster pike, Route 30 is a paved road for the 330 miles | across Pennsylvania. The stretch of more than 62 miles from Philadelphia | to Lancaster follows the old Lancaster turnpike, the first extensive turnpike in the country. It was the first ma- cadamized road in the United States and .the first turnpike to be pr ely financed. It was constructed by the Philadelphia & Lancaster Turnpike Co., incorporated by the Governor of Penn- sylvania in 1792. It 5 opened for travel in 1794 and completed in 1796, and formed the first link of the great Western communication from Philadel- phia. Lancaster was settled in 1718 and was called Hickory Town until 1729 Serves Great Agricultural Area. From Lancaster the highway crosses the Pennsylvania Railroad Bridge, a | toll bridge, over th Susquehanna River between Columbia and Wrightsville and passes through rolling farming country to York. It continues to historic Gettys- burg, about 52 miles from Lancaster, set amid picturesque hills in a fertile agri- cultural country. At Gettysburg the great battle of the Civil War was waged from July 1-3, 1863, between the Feder- al Army of the Potomac, under Gen, Mead, and the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, under Gen. Robert E. Lee. The entire battlefield is now a National park of more than 25,000 acres. More than 500 sites of particu- |lar action are marked by monuments. | On Cemetery Hill is the National Ceme- | tery of 17 acres, dedicated by President | Lincoln, November 19, 1863, in his im- | mortal Gettysburg speech. | From Gettysburg Route 30 begins to | traverse the picturesque Blue Ridge and | Allegheny Mountains. It passes through | Chambersburg, where Benjamin Cham- | bers, a mnoted pioncer, eracted Fort | Chambers in 1756, at Falling Spring, now Chambersburg. Here Gen. Lee massed his troops for his Gettysburg attack. From Chambersburg to Pittsburgh the route follows genorally the first great military road in the country, built in 1758, under Gen. Forbes, in his cam- paign a t the French at Fort Du- uesne, and named for {its builder. renite for 31 miles, of gravel and sand | Tholcnout the eighteenth centiry clay for 405 miles and is graded and | Forbes road was the only military road drained for 15 miles. Through Oregon | into the West and. was the maost o Route 30 is a bituminous concrete or portant on the continent. The road concrete road for 218 miles and an | followed the Indian and buffalo trails olled gravel or macadam road for 310 | and was fortified for its entire length. miles. | During the Revolutionary War it proved From Atlantic City the famous pleas- | invalugble and became known as the ure and health resort Route 30 for 58 | Pennsylvania road. In 1785-87 it was miles is a paved road westward through | improved and made a State road. the level fruit-growing section of New is unimproved for 21 miles, the only | unimproved stretch on the route. In | Wyoming it is surface-treated gravel | for 22 miles, is gravel for 99 miles, is | of selected material for 96 miles and | is graded and drained for 270 miles. | In Idaho it is of concrete and war- Jersey to Camden, on the Delaware River. Camden was originally settled by Quakers in 1679. Here Walt Whit- man lived and died and the house is now a museum. Connecting Camden with Philadel- phia is the new three-mile publicly owned and operated toll bridge. This suspension span has largely eliminated steam ferry transportation of railroad U. S. Highway Outlined. ‘The United States Highway pas:~: through Fort Loudon and McConne! burg to Bedford, in a beautiful fru growing valley noted for its apples an plums. Bedford was settled about 17- by an Indian trader named Ray, anc was known as Raystown until 1758, when Gen. Forbes erected Fort Bedford. Abo: two miles south of Bedford are ti Bedford mineral spri 1e road con- (Continued on Eighth Page.) trains, automobiles, trucks and other | classes of transportation and passengers | Won’t Hurt a Steelcote Finish Steelcote Rubber Auto Enamel finish helps prepare your car for winter driving. A steaming radiator on an icy day won't harm its bright elastic surface, nor will grease, acid, heat or sleet. For Steelcote is based on live Para Rubber. 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