Evening Star Newspaper, October 14, 1928, Page 19

THE. . SUNDAY STAR. WASHINGTON. The Hlston of Presidential Elections XIV—The anr-f OI‘I’N’I‘I‘(' ighl of 1860, BY FRFDFRI(‘ X H.\QKI\' Auther of Lincoln in his debates with Stephen A. Douglas in 1858 had foreseen the split in the Democratic party over slavery, and had steadily forced Doug- 12% on record in favor of letting Terri- tories determine their own slave or free status. The Scuth insisted that slaves be taken anvwhere. and no de- cision made about Territories until they became States. The attitude of Doug- Jas had won nim the Illinois senator- ship from Lincoln. -but lost him the presidency two years later. In 1858 Lincoln had said: “It's bigger game than a senatorship I'm stalking. battle of 1860 is going to be worth a hundred of this one.” By 1860 prudent men were convine- ed the election of a Northerfi Republi- can would be the signal for secession by the South. and civil war. Alexander Stephens, afterward Confederate Vice President, declared he left Washinztor never to return unless as a prisoner of war. Douglas Loses in Convention. The Democratic convention met Charleston. Douglas in the lead, but never able to get two-thirds. The Southern forces, aided by California and Oregon delegates. won the platform plank for deciaring slaves as propert that could be taken anywhere. Dead- Jocked over a candidate, the conven- tion adjourned to meet later in Balti- more. There the Douglas forces con- trolled. and nominated their champion. | but -fifty delegates had bolted at| Charleston and another group walked | out at Baltimore. Both scts of bolters nominated John C. Breckinbridge. A group of conservatives, mostly former Whigs. formed the Constitution- | al Union party. declared for peace | and the Constitution, and named John Bell of Tennessee. Republicans Meet in Chicago. The Republicans met in Chicago. in Wigwam, a temporary frame hall built for the event, ing candidate, while a Western group favored Lincoln, of Missouri had the support of Greeley and other leaders. Thurlow Weed managed the Seward forces, and was accused by Greeley and others of making illicit deals for delegates and | financial help. David Davis Lincoln’s manager, proved a better trader than the great Eastern boss. Although ex- plicitly toid in_ writing by Lincoln to make no deals or promises, Davis The | in| Steward was the lead- | “The American Government." | Of slavery he said: “Wrong as we think slavery is, we can yet afford to let it alone where it is, because that much is due to the necessity arising from its actual presence in the Nation.” He hoped to preserve peace and the Union, The opposing forces sought means of consolidation. Bell - authorized Jeffer- son Davis, future President of the Con- | federacy, ‘to offer withdrawal of the Constitutional Union ticket if Breck- | inridge and- Douglas would withdraw | and permit selection of one Democratic ticket. Breckinridge is said to have agreed. but Douglas certainly refused to | deal with the bolters. He declared that | even if he did withdraw, Lincoln, and | | not._the Democrats, would get much of his Northern support Democratic Fusion Hopflp« In a number of States the electoral | tickets were made up on a fusion basis, with agreements to support whichever Democrat might have a chance. Fusion would not serve to win New York or | Pennsylvania. and accomplished only a division of the New Jersey electoral vote, The Democrats also had hopes that there would be no electoral ma- jority, and_the choice would go to the House of Representatives, That body might also be deadlocked. but the Sen- ate would at least have chosen a Vice Presidenf. and Lane. on the Breckin- ridge ticket, would probably have been named and taken the presidency on March 4 All of these hopes were dashed, as the North went almost solidly for Lin- | coln, and he won a clear majority of | electors, although far short of a popu- lar majority. as he had few votes in the South.” The Bell ticket carried Ten- | nessee. Kentucky and Virginia. Doug- las, although second in popular votes. | carried only Missouri and three votes | from New Jersey. Breckenridge won | Delaware, Maryland and the South. The rest. including four votes in New Jersey, were for the Republican ticket. ’Thr popular vote was: Lincoln, 1,863,- and Edward Bates{ T = S Lower Rents Three rooms, reception hall, bath, porch. Large lobby. Elevator. High-class building. $55.00. Four rooms (two bedrooms), $80.00. 2902 Porter St. (Cor. Conn. Ave.) undoubtedly offered cabinet places fo | Caleb Smith of Indiana and Cameron of Pennsylvania in exchange for votes of those delegations. On the first day it seemed certain to be Seward. On the second. the Lincoln boosters packed the galleries with a shouting claque, while the Seward bands and marchers, after a grand parade. found the Wigwam packed and the doors locked. Davis had been busy through the night and had won over | many delegates. The Rail-splitter was nominated. His cousin, John Hanks, gave him that nickname in 1858 by carrying two rails into the State con- vention with a sign. “Made by Abraham Lincoln and John Hanks in the Sanga- mon bottom in 1830." Lincoln made a careful, front-porch campaign, declaring that his speeches of earlier years had expressed his views. There are thmc featur(w about Park Fifty Suits that appeal to those who which characterizes the interpretations of Fashion Park Note the new shoulder lines and the peaked lapels. Some have double- want tailors. STORAGE OR TRANSFER minute style, breasted vests and plaited trousers. [013; Douglas, 1,374,664; Breckenridge. | | 848.404; Bell, 591,900. The electoral vote was: Lincoln, 180: Douglas, 12; | Breckenridge, 72; Bell, 39, Voters Confront Grave Situation. ‘The campaign had not been so lively as some previous contests. Every one recognized the business as too grave for | light campaign methods. The element of a sporting event, which is strong in | our political contests, was missing. The election of a President had become a grim and serious business indeed. All but the most cxtreme partisans made some effort, as exemplified by Lincoln on the slavery question. to speak with judgment and moderation, and to avotd closing the door against a peaceful set- | tiement. Neverthrless in the strain of events | there was no little unconscious humor. |In the Republican convention, for ex- |ample, a plank was proposed for the | platform declaring that all men are born free and equal. Joshua Giddings | proposed it. It was solemnly voted | down as being a practical declaration against slavery. Giddings walked out of the convention, and George William Curtis later proposed reconsideration, as it seemed hardly wiss for the party | to refuse to accept the basic statement of the Declaration of Independence, | and the plank was adopted. We see similar episodes in the present day when agitators. barred from holding public meetings, get themselves ar- rested for reading the Constitution on a street corner as a demonstration of their right to free speech. Secession Movement Inaugurated, Immediately after the election the se- cession movement got under way in tite South, and by February the Confederacy —d INVISIBLE BIFOCAL 50 OtrER FasHIoN PARK Surrs $45 ro $75 r°=6=oflfll=flflb=°=fl SPECIAL Offer From the 15th to 20th GENUINE TORIC FAR AND NEAR KRYPTOK'’S BEST AND ONLY QUALITY MADE Formerly Sold for. 315 Each Exlmmnhon Made by Dr. Forlght FORIGHT OPTICAL C( CO 907 G Street N. W. Exclusive Optics o0 —C 0O ——— 13 0 ———— 3 1 was formed. Congress struggled to avoid the coming conflict and adopted a proposal by Douglas to amend the Constitution with a provision that slavery should never be abolished. War ‘lnurvened before this was submitted to the States. Like various other efforts | of Congress and of President Buchann, | this offering failed to appease the wrath of the Southern States, which felt that the election had amounted to reading them out of the Union. It was perfectly clear from the re- turns that if the Nation was to be po- litically divided etween North and South, the weight of population was in the North and the North would rule. Nothing short of a complete freedom to introduce slavery into the new areas of the West would restore the Southern| supremacy, and the best which any Northerner would offer on this que: tion was a renewal of the Missouri com- promise. or some other basis of geo- graphical arrangement which would leave the North in control. An interesting side light of the cam- paign from its political side had been the charges of corrupt spending of | money. Weed was accused of offering franchises to large New York utility | groups in return for half a million dol- | 1ars of campaign money if Seward were | named. William B. Astor was said to have raised a million or more among New York merchants to defeat Lincoln, because secession would cut the busi- ness of the great traders in half. Tomorrow: The Liberal Republican Schism. International telegraphers of Europe are arguing over a proposal to reduce code words from 10 to 5 letters. TO “C” RIGHT--- ,fl “C” FORIGHT fl Satisfaction or Money Back Glasses that grace the face [] Fr.7055 [ o 00 HY ] | fl o il ° AY MORE? |] o | o J LENSES ‘0 Modern Equipment = D. T. OCTOBER 14 1928—PART 1. SERRANANAAN AN NN SN AN AN A N ANRN AN AR On Sale Tuesday and Wednesday TINSISANANNRA NN AN AN A A S HARRY KAUFMAN 1316 -1326 Seventh StNW. No Mail, Phone or C. O. D. Orders SALE! 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Smart Felt Hats Of the Season’s Popular Felt and in the Wanted Colors include the vagabond, picture tan, brown and new blue style. 12 Ycuthful Styles for Large Head Sizes ‘UNUSUAL OFFERINGS IN THE INFANTS' DEPARTMENT Infants’ Flannelette Wear Gowns. Kimonos, Long and Short Gertrudes and Girls' new Plaid | Short Sacques. Cloth Dresses in e 2 beautiful as- Baby Buntings sortment of col- Well - made, full - cut 31.19 ofe and styles, 7 | baby buntings, just the Yo b veate: thing for cool days in the Second Floor. carriage, pink -and blue satin ribbon trimmed. Second Floor, Serviceable Satin Slips Baromer Satht Slips new Fall colors, of real Eood | auality: reguiar 39¢ Hemstitched PILLOWCASES Sianderd make, Stae 23 Pink and blue chell trimmsd. | _Darling Little Dresses Long and short dresses of fine white nainsook, lace and emb. trimmed, also c some tucked fronts. 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