Evening Star Newspaper, September 11, 1927, Page 81

M A. WHITE, M. D. dent. American_Paychiatric Association: Director of St. Elizabeth’s Hospital The first of a series of *Why Men Fail written as a result o he conterence on ‘that subject called by officers of the American Medical Asso- eiation and the American Psye fssociation. The articies are ed; Dr. Witham A White. former president ©f ‘the American Psychiatric Association and_Dr. Morris Fiskbein editor of the Journal of the Medical Asso ciation, articles on American HOUGH the word may have a different meaning for each one | of us, every one wants success . in life. No one wants to fail | —in his business, his friend- | ships, his loves or in the struggle to reach his ideals. But many of us do fail, for reasons which we could overcome if we under stood them. A large percentage of those preventable failures spring from fau'ts in our mental make-up—from bad mental habits, a wrong attitude toward lite, inability to understand ourselves. ‘e seo what a heavy toll disorders of the mind exact from human happi- ness, when we realize that of all the beds in all the hospitals throughout the United States one in every two is for mental disease; in other words, there are as many beds for mental ailments as for all other ailments put | together. This does not count the enormous number of people with minor mental defects who manage to carry on, though inefliciently, without hospital treatment. So far as succe: in business is con-| cerned, (13 American people are re- garded 48 the most fortunate on earth. This is partly because we have a passion for efficiency. When we want to build an automobile we make a careful study of all principles and motions involved, decide how each can be performed most effectively, and pan a factory along those lines. We have carried the same idea into medicine. Believing that it is -more efficient to keep people well than to cure them after they have become sick, we have examined the machin- | ery of the body in detail, studied | under what conditions it functions | and have drawn up and broad- st innumerable health codes. Though the same study is being made of the mind to show how apparently minor defects of character may make | success or failure in life, nch of medicine, known as psychi- atry, has been late in developing. At vever, it has taken its place in the program of preventive medi cine. in the form of the so-called men- tal hygiene movement. With a realization of how much it would mean to the average man and woman if a group of the leading psvchiatrists of the country were to | tell. simply and clearly, what they have learned about the causes of fail- | ure, and about how failure may be turned into success, r as | taken to the American Medical Asso- | ciation and the American Psych Association, and with their approval | and indorsement a conference of lead- | ing physicians in the field of mental | hygiens was called to ask for sugges- | tions and, assistance in mapping out a series of articles on why men fail. * %k X X HE conference was held in Cinci nati on June 1 and 2 i largely attended by the leading psy- | chiatrists of the country. Among | those who were present at the con- | ference were Dr. Willlam A. White, | superintendent St. Elizabeth’s Hospi- | tal, Washington, professor psychia- | try, Georgetown University | nard Glueck, lecturer New School for | Bocial Research, New York City; Dr. Floyd Haviland, former president American Psychiatric Association; Dr. | L. Vernon Priggs, Massachusetts ad- | visory board for the examination of ‘“'"-\.‘ sue Menninger Psychiatric Clinic; Dr. H. | to see the signs of futile methods W. Mitchell, former president Ameri- | los . | steps for improving hi: prisoners; Dr Karl A. Menninger, | can Psychiatric Association; Dr. Doug las A. Thom, director division of men- | incre tal hygiene, Massachusetts; Dr. George | M. Kline, commissioner Department of | ured by the ability with which w Boston; Dr. Arthur|are able to bring our passions, feel- cchiatry | Ings, emotions under the control and | | guidance of our intelligence, and so| Mental Diseases, H. Ruggles, professor of ps: and mental hygiene, Yale Univers Dr. Earl D. Bond, secretary of Ameri- | can Psychiatric Association: Dr. Ann | Eingham, psychiatrist, Metropolitan | Life Insurance Co.; Dr. William Rus- ®b1l, professor of psvchiatry, Cornell| University: Dr. Macfie Campbeil, pro-| fessor of psychiatry, Harvard Uni-| versity and Boston Psychopathic Hos- pital; Dr. Leonard Onthwaite, associ-| ate director Laura Spellman Rocke- | teller Memorial Fun Dr. Anita M./ Muhl. formerly assistant physician, | 8t. Elisabeth's Hospital, and psychia- | trist, Providence Hospital, and Psychi-! itric Clinie at | director THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. SEPTEMBER 11 Washington, D. C.; Dr, K. Pratt, assistant director, Committee for Mental Hy- rge Natio giene. Other doctors who could not attend but consented to write articles are Dr. Smith Ely Jelliffe, associate editor of the Psychoanalytic Review and au- thor of many books on nervous and mental problems; Dr. Menas S. C ory, professor of psychiatry, York University Herman Adler, of the itute for Juve carch, Dr. Douglas | professor of psychiatry, Uni-| of Tllinois College of Medicine, | al New nile Res Singer. sity ard D National giene. | Tho conference discussed many of | the mental problems which lead to| suceess or failure in life; what mental | readjustments are necessary for the rich man’s son, the reformer's chil dren, the children of criminals and of | the poor and obscure; how sex preju- | dice leads to business failure: how a man may be made or marred by Ih"‘ attitude of his wife or his mother what makes the bluffer, the day- | dreamer, the grouch, the “hard-boiled" | man: how lack of love sometimes | makes the criminal: why women fail | in business, and how they can over-| come natural disadvantages, Frankwood Williams, divector Commiitee for Mental Hy ki | A | in speaking of success or | we must always remember th the terms are relative Some of | tho greatest successes may look like failures. The story is told of an Ori ental potentate whe son was | plunged into the depths melan. | cholia. Wise men were summoned to | advise what should be done After | long consideration they decided that | he could be cured only if they could| find an absolutely happy man and | transfer the shirt of the happy man to the patient. Ei ies were dis- | patched to all parts of the kingdom, and finally a really happy man was found. But, lo! he had no shirt. The implications of this story a obvious It is not so much in the ex ternals that happ or failure re sides. but in us and our attitude toward them te may ¢ 1 a ter rible blow. as it has in the recent ssissippi flood disaster, and many | undoubtediy be crushed as a re- sult, but others. who are more hap pily constituted, will pick up the fragments and carry on with little if any injury to their capacity for hap- piness. We may not be able to con trol circumstances, but we do have some control of the effect circum- stances have on us. It is these inner values—our cat logue of assets and liabilities with | which we tackle the problems of life —that matter most. The world as it is we have to accept for the most part, but our own ways of dealing with it may or may not be efficient. These ways can be changad if only we know about them, what they are anc how they work. Most persons take themselves and their ways of feeling and thinking for granted. If it were | only possible to take stock of them from time to time, just as we are learning to take stock of our physical selves by regular examination: This may not be possible to the same degree, but it is hoped that th R icles may cause many reader to give greater consideration to his inner, real motives and his and means of meating the day’ to the end that he may come of of will either happy or unhappy, either well or ill, and have taught us that we are never in a position to decide arbitrarily | upon the possibilities of any human | being, for we find many failing with 1l the advantages seemingly on their ide and many succeeding in spite of what appear to be overwhelming odds. The human being is too infinitely | complex for us to be arbitrary in our | | judgments of possibilities; we have | learned always to try for better results |and are often rewarded by finding that an individual for whom there ! seemed to be little hope develops under wise and sympathetic guidance and as- sistance powers that could not have been foretold and were not dreamed of. It is hoped that readers may be given an incentive to examine them- selves more carefully so far as possible in a judicial frame of mind that will acknowledge shortcomings as well as excellences. This is not an easy thing to do, for we are quite naturally blind to that which does not please us in | ourselves. Life, however, is inexorable | who offend aga nd take the nece efficienc; motion ng his happines For after all, our succ them into the service of our| ideal Success does not just hap- pen. It must be sought and wooed and deserved. and it is most likely to be found if sought intelligently. ik HE studies that have been made | during the last few years on the factors that enter into character fo mation have been of inestimable value. They have shown us over again how and why people have come to be what they are, either successes or failures, | pres its. to which we must measure u | we are to meet with success and | approval of our fellows. G | ' Like Procrustes, the famous roh | who tied travelers to a bed and if t length excecded that of the bed hie off the protruding limbs, while, if t were shorter he stretched them. society chops off the heads of th certain standards, flexible within lim | do not measure up to its demands. Importance of Mental Attitude Indicated by Fact That of Beds in All Hospitals Throughout United States Cases in This Sphere Equal Total of All Others—Individual May Not Control Circumstances, but Is Able to Control Their Effect. to blame Fate, but will look whici he may control tage. If we were to attempt an account of the human heing from birth to death from the point of view of the ways he could fail at the different stages of his career, some of the outstanding points would be these: He might he born of some one else or within for causes to hi ’mmnne f | our Dbeliefs, ideals and habits of | thought and action, and faflure comes | Parents who furnished inadequate only too often as the result of being|ideals or parents who, from lack of saddled with a dead past. | love or trom overanxiety, early instilled A boy taught by his mother | false standards or fears or distorted never to leave a task uncompleted and | Wavs of thinking that later would especially always to finish a book once | Prove disastrous; his education might started. For years after he reached | be clumsily ordered, so that, perhaps adulthood he dreaded to start a book, ,due to an uncongenial school atmos. especially a long one, for fear it might [ phere or the unfortunate personal not be interesting or useful but would | of a teacher or for many other reasons, have to be finished whether or no, and | he might be left with a distaste for it took many years to re-evaluate this | wWork or learning or lacking in ambi- perfectly good teaching that he | tion and with a sense of failure and in could keep what wads good and dis- | adequacy: his early adolescence might card what was useless, o he could|from ignorance or misfortune, result start a book and lay it aside it it did | in disagreeable or terrifying sex exyr not prove worth while riences that might seriously warp his During all this time he never really [ character and his later development understood why he had to act as he | might be further hampered by getting did, and it was only when the true|the wrong job and being forced by eir- motive for his conduct, the desire to|cumstances to stay in it, having his do as his mother wished, came to clear | future blighted by never being able to consciousness that he was able find any real satisfaction through self evaluate it properly and rearrange his | expression in his life wor conduct accordingly. On the other hand. a successful indi Such are the hidden, the uncon-|vidual would have been able to negoti scious motives that drive us to action, | ate all these obstacles. He would | often to our detriment. They some-|have had wise and loving parents, a times are so strong and persistent that | jovous childhood not too much fraught everything the person undertakes|with frustrating don'ts, but with the comes to naught until perchance they | emphasis on encc cement and ap. may make of necessity a virtue and | proval, with a smooth transition into come to be proud of their failures.|adolescence and a wholesome sex en | thus getting the only satisfaction from | lightenment and a voeation that offer a life of blasted hopes. | ed self-expression and was a natural An_ Austrian physician tells of him- | transition from the play of childhood self that when he was a boy there was | to the play and joy of work and ac in the house a drawer in which were | complishment. kept the knives and forks. When he | ok ox was told to got a knife he reached | in and it seemed invariably he brought | out a fork and when he was told to | fetch a fork, he seemed as invariably to get hold of a knife. What seemed to him, at the time, to be the spiteful- ness of these objects caused him to make a record of his failures and suc- cesses and much to his surprise: he found they balanced. It was only the failures that had impressed them-| selves upon his mind, the successes | were forgotten. Things are never as| bad as they seem, and we have all manner of succesces that we take no | note of, either because they relate to| unimportant matters or are not asso- clated with any experiences that em.- | phasize them in our thoughts. Tak- inz pride in misfortune is a dangerous attitude of mind, and, as in this case, often as little unwarranted. * ok * K s0 IFE must be neither so hard that it crushes nor so easy that it we ens. Strength comes only from ove coming obstacles and not by having the way made easy., The successful accomplishment of a hard task brings reward in a feeling of self-reliance that makes not only for happiness but is a character builder in itself. Such ac- complishments bring the right to a de- served rest, but, as a French writer as said, Rest is not laziness™ d laziness is incompatible with res The human mind has enormous pos sibilities for solving difficulties that seem as we look at them to be unsolv- able and it is this message of hope that is the object of these articles. The ar- ticles will be written by psychiatrists engaged in the work of assisting those who are on the wrong track to right themselves and they will discuss brief- Iy a few only of the many types of cases that seek assistance in the hope that they will serve to illustrate the way in which the modern students of the mind are thinking about them and s0 be of aid to those who are flounder- ing, perhaps in despair, because they do not know in whatdirection to see for help. Succsss and failure when due to emo- tional factors, to false directions, to faulty ways of thinking—in other words, when their origin is a mental ND so the story goes. These hid- | den motives, these sidetrackings of our energies up blind alleys are al- most as numerous as the individuals who have them, and ‘that means all of ue. Success and failure are but mat- ters of degree, after all. They run the gamut of human experience, from the child of wealth and indulgent parents who has had everything the world af- fords until there is nothing left to inst it, or stretches on in its demands and society has set up | a bed of life-long suffering those who | strive for, to the poor, sickly boy who has been beaten so often that he no Ionger has the heart to strive; from the child that has been loved so much that he has never been allowed to have any difficulties and who fails at the first real problem when no one is around to solve it for him, to the child who has been brought up in hate and rebellion and attacks the estab- lished order of things from the first; from the superidealist who has never | * oK ok K really contacted with reality ntl::l and s . o does not know what to do about it | A GREAT French physician has | pep it comes his way, to the super- . shown how his patients with hys- | realist whose experiences have been only freedom lies in first recognizing | teria relive in their attacks highly |all so discouraging and disillusioning these demands clearly and not PErmit- | o, tiona) oot oxberiences, Thus one | that he has become cynical and pes- ting ourselves to be blind to them just | “Motor : . simistic. beciuse we may not approve of them |Fe-énacts the events that culminated | " 0ol vo put a few examples, to d, secondly, meeting them as effect. | N the sulcide of a dear friend: another | .y ghould he added failures due to 1 3 b relives Fid s of a OV o Vi ively as we can with our equipment. _| "ives the death agonies o¢ 2 heloved tmidity, to_fears, toal sorts of wrone While many, men fail because they | faired g have some definite physical handicap, | oF (hIng 4% the vesult o6 belog Ight | }yghands and wives to make adequate it is with that more subtle group of | “"[{ SF APEEEEC L VA0t N ome the | adjustments, failures in bringing up failures due to certain set ways of be- | ot 0 0 LEIE O ee and we all | children, and the failures of the child havior, certain kinds of conduct under | PISUSYE ABCEAE PECIEE ALC Y Tt |in school and out, failures in business given circumstances and certain types | ("0 nCCon of witeheraft and how | life, Whether as a result of wrong vo- I ot personality that this set of articles | {fe) SURErsttion of Fiteberatt Sv o | cational choice or for other causes, p it | Will deal especially. our religion, although we may know |fuch as inability to submit to the the | To give some idea of what I mean: | little about either, only having been | needed discipline or routine, lack of Man is the only animal that is able to | hrought up as children in a particular | continuity, or bad habits. profit by past experience; to remember | set of heliefs. This conservative spirit | The list is endless, but back of them | the past; to use tha experience gained | has its advantages in making rapid |all lies causes that are discoverable in the st in living in the | and often illadvised changes in|and that fall again and again into the present and to shape his conduct to- | beliefs, in standards, in institutions, | same general patterns, though with ward a future goal. This marvelous | impossible, but it also enslaves us to | infinite variations as to detail. It i advantage we possess over animals | beliefs and practices that have long | hoped that through a discussion of | has, however, its drawback, for we arc | outlived their values. Progress, happi- | some of these problems the reader all inclined to a sreater or less extent, | ness and success are attained only at | may gain some insight into the way ! unconsciously, to ecarry the past!the cost of a constant revaluation of 'failure comes about and will not be through life too much like an old man | of the sea, on our backs, weighing us | down with outworn traditions, super- stitions and prejudices that involve us in all sorts of difficulties with the | present. sber heir cut h hose The faflures in the family of twist of some, sort—are in the field of human functions—the mind—which is the most modifiable part of us. Even though we may not have had the ad- vantages of education and environ- ment, we wish we might have had or would choose for our children, still, when we think of success as it should be thought of, in terms of adequate, in the sense of satisfying, self-expres- | sion in creative endeavor, then it is | not hard to see how at least much | may be done to improve conditions {that on their surface seem very bad. The adult man or woman who can- | not relive his childhood may yet learn | from his childhood experiences much | that will be of help in the remolding of | his life along lines of activity that will | bring some of the joy of accomplish- | ment we wish we might have had, or pick up in his quest, a latent or neg- lected talent that had been rusting all forgotten these many years and reani- | mate it Into.a usefulness that with cultivation may change a drab and hopeless life to one of joy. Many per- 2ons have never had the real pleasure of success until adversity has forced them. to remold their lives when for the first time they have found of what they are really capable. Mental-hygiene clinics have sprung up over all the United States until now many of the large cities have such clinics, as have a number of smaller ones. These clinics are some- times connected with general hospitals or with university or medical teaching centers, or they may be run by various State hospitals in their districts. Canteen BY MME. CAROLINE LUSIUS | TUVACHE. | As Told to C. de Vidal Hunt. | H, monsieur, life is a strange ad. | venture, indeed. Here I am at the age of 85 with a sewing bas- | ket full of war medals to give me joy and 7 pet cats to take care of. Now the French Government has given me the Medaille Militaire, which is another joy. I shall pin it on with a few of the others, so you can take a portrait of me for America if you like. But 1 must not leave my post to Jong. This job as doorkeeper of an orphan asylum requires a good deal | of attention, you see, and I must do my dut I get $2 month, hut that has nothing to do with dut; Soldiers | don't work for pay, do they I can nct put very much aside for a rainy day. helas! but times in France are hard and most good jobs o to younger,| peopl Still, I am happy. 1 have my cats, my warm stove in Winte some good friends among the little | orphans, and my memorie: Ah, ves, my memories back a long stretch of time. with the soldier boys, everywhere v them, in battle and in peace, urging them on, giving them courage, feed {ng them and tending them. Such the lot of the cantiniere, my gool monsieur. The contini have said, for to Cross societies, everything nice and modern to m Always th | that was, I should | there e Red 1 ke the boys happy and give them com-| fort. But the days of the c: i were more picturesque, I don't ca what you say. 1« the Emperor Maximilian entered Mex jeo City, and later when he pinched my cheek at Orizaba. Nor will I ever ‘forget the Bavarians at the battle of Weissenburg in 1870. What a fierce jot they were, and how we had Linake a run for it! poleon 111 sitting on a milestone near me and sobbing over the defeat of eur armie: “Why did peated over we not prepare?” he re nd over again. I remember everything almost to the day when I left Strasbourg, the eity of my birth, with my father and mother, in 1845, to go to the barracks of Neuilly, where father was corporal | bootmaker of the 7th Infantry. 1 was 17 when in 1859 I married Francois Tuvache, trumpeter in the 9th and one of the handsomest men in the regiment. 1 became cantiniere of the Tth on the day of our marriage, 2nd followed the troops who were gent to Italy in 1861 to protect the Pope, Pius IX, on his entry into Rome after he had been exiled for two years. The Pope gave his benediction to my sec child. un:\! short time afterward our regiment vas sent to Mexico. The bovs were all picked men, well tried in every Branch of the service. We were part of the expeditionary corps under Gen Lorencez. At the battle of Camerone S a whole company of the Foreign jon massacred by the Mexicans. seven escaped. 1 followed 60 y | that t all never forget the day when | it tertibie di to | 1 can still see Na- | Won Many Medals Everybody All fled tow their crying movements. “Treason!” bombardmen. At Gravelotte and Mars-la-Tour had to surrender. marck sword. (for the 7th had long running beside the road. I heard the Emperor weep. We went to Burg, in Saxon months. returned porated in the new 7th at Tulle, much as a seratch. but that was not my fault. Once, 1 in a d about 500 banks of the Moselle. littered with dead and wounded. ens of men, French and moaning for water. shot through, and still sweeping the field. I do for water? I ran to the yards from the shrapnel but the water leaked right before I had made 50 paces. SALUTED BY THE EMPEROR MAXIMILIAN IN MEXICO. | A 5 | had an inspiration. 1 tock | pretty petticoat, soaked it in the volunteers to the assault of Serra|me, and 400 of our comrades were| selleand ran bacl Dorego, under Sub-Lieut. Dietrich, and | dead. Everybody fled. All 1aa like won through. The little keg of [ mad, throwing away their empty rifles s 1 carried strung over my shoul- | and everything else that might impede never came in handter than on | errible day. Dietrich later be-| ed lad lips as 1 would a towel, up and down the hill i ploring ldok of a German. Vows all, brave soldiers In 186 Maximi Emperor v hot | was | I was noticed by ian after a particular] fight against the guerillas. I wearing my best red trousers, my pretty skirt just above the knees, my ! b waistcoat and a coquettish felt | cap slightly tilted on my left car. 1! was sitting astride my donkey and holding my small of “spiritual ! support” in front of me. i | Ah.”" said the Emperor, stopping a | moment, “he is the little mademoi- {selle who pokes her pretty nose into {21l the places where bullets are fly- | ing. With that he pinched niy cheek and {went on. He did not know I was the | wife of the handsomest trumpeter in' the army. So I forgave him for call- | ing me mademoiselle. | A month later we returned to | France and were quartered at Perpig nan, then at Tulle, Limoges and other cities until the Franco-Prussian war{ | broke out h | My 1egiment. the 7th of the line, went forward at cnce. It was my Francois, of course, who sounded the lls at Spicheren Hoehn, near For- i nd such heroism I never saw ¥ as on that memorable d Half of | the regiment fell and the rest would have fought on to the last man if | orders to retreat had not come from headquarters. Then it_was the awful debacle. Col. de Saint-Illie was Killed right beside they ferent colors, wars all the time, ¥ P { bullets. pple vaid 1 was vaccinated aga Commanders pinned on me and said 1 was a brav {person. Ma foil 1 let them | whet they wanted. had no more use for me. I wi was against me. ! blockheads! {lum of Troyes, Aube. Saint-Martin-es-Aires, and I am 1 | sides my in. | baci: to the fourteenth century. are great mural paintings chapel, all cracked by time. MME. TUVACHE, AT 85, 1S CON- CIERGE OF AN ORPHAN ASY- LUM AT TROYES. tle motherless children. & Spending $10,000 Bill Is R BY ALAN MACDONALD. was card | George, considerably mystified agreed. “Now, the other night one of the Metz, where we stayed throughout the | on the 28th of August we were beaten by | the army of the German Crown Prince and finally the whole French army It was after Sedan. Napoleon was on the road of poplars near Vionville, waiting for Prince Bi to whom he was to remit his My regiment, the 2d Infantry | ince been an- nihilated), was resting in the trenches There it was as pris. oners of war, and remained there five In 1871 my husband and 1 to France and were incor- Through all my wars I never cot as Surely I always happened to be in the thickest of it,| remember, 1 found myself tie The field was Doz- erman, were My cask had been So what did{ bonairly river | like $100,000 counsel fees and a half with a German helmet and filled it, | million through | Then 1| off my | Mo- | with it to my wound- I wrung it over their parched | lctting_the water drip into their poor, twitching mouths, and then ran back for mor At least 10 times I ran forth and bac! answering the wer of a dying dragoon or the im Poor fel- were, {fighting men wearing clothes of dif- but brothers after all, | monsieur, if it weren't for these cursed nny I should not have been hurt. nst medals litile think When the big war came I wanted to start out with them again, but the; s pas 70, and they seemed to think my age As if age had any- thing to do with soldiering, the poor Enfin, I am now in this orphan asy- in the Province of It is called the Orphelinat de the | concierge. I pull the string that opens | the latch in the door, day or night, and I have a basketful of medals, e- 5 Been here 14 years, { m'siu, and it is a beautiful place to be It used to be a convent, and dates The walls gre three feet thick, and there in the eaten by worms and Everything is old here, even the lit- VERY day, in every way, money bigger and bigger States of Amer- course, that i is growing in the United jea. Not, of ashington has been secretly the size of coin or cur- use higher prices of | vthing has necessitated the use ot bigger and bigger bills—as well as more of them. There are those who profess to see in this modern trend a | situation such as obtained in the palmy days of King Solomon, when the principal coin, the gold talent, was worth about $32,463! If the tendency continues to pre- vail no doubt it will be necessary for every one to carry a sheaf of $100 bills when he starts out in the morn- ing—unless, naturally, he's a deep dved conservative, who will insist on cking to the old one<dollar notes. In which case, quite probably, he'll | carry them in a bushel basket in the | tonneau of his car, or maybe trail a | boy's express cart,‘or wear a knapsack | for the same purpose. All this may seem a little far- fetched—but think of the news of the day. Scarce a 24 hours passes that some disgruntled wife doesn't - de- ask a court for something s vearly to rendezvous in strange placcs. And the other day a | voung but exceedingly able New York banker stopped a bank run by piling $2,000,000 cash in the bank’s window. This influx of big money is certainly causing many remarkable situations. So just consider the case of the $10.- 000 bill. Despite the fact that many bank employes, as well as most other humans, have never seen one such. United States Treasury reports show ¢ that on September 30, last year, there were 57,500 outside Uncle Sam's own vaults. Most of them, probably, lie securely in the lesser vaults of banks, and it may be said that few, if any, ever get into circulation where they can play -around with plebeian ones, twos and fives. Those outside the vaults are used almost exclusively by banks in . the transfer of gold balances, by million- 1 lives in quick and colossal real estate deals, or—in these days—by affluent tootleggers who have to carry and ay down “big money” in strange places, Needless to say, if you had a $10,000 bill you'd note the serial number, and that’s what the banks do. If you took one to be cashed at a bank where you did not have a milllonaire’s credit bal- ance, or weren’t known as a rich man, you'd quite probably land in a police cell or the psychopathic ward. Inf any event, the best the bank would do would be to accept your bill as a! depozit, and investigate. None the less, a certain individual whose credit and fortun2 enabled ‘him to obtain large bills without difficulty recently found himself at the fag end | of a somewhat wild night playing “THEY FOLLOWED HIM HOME AND TOOK THE $10,000 BILL AT | THE POINT OF A GUN.” girls at the place got twelve $1000 | bills from an elderly gent who was | baving his fling.” "the bright-light vender confided. “You know the stor —he was a bit under the weather, and s0 on. For what purpose he totad the money from his home up-State I don't know. Anyway, she got it and rushed it to me. The poor kid was scared stiff. So, here’s my proposition: You change ‘em for me, and out of each $1,000 T'll give you a hundred. Is it a go?” George swears nobody in the world ;‘n‘nld possibly look as amazed as he elt. “Why, Fred. T can’t do that,”” he exclaimed. “If you had come in and put them down like it was an ordinary business deposit. I'd have accepted ‘em. Your account is big enough for that. But I couldn't: T wouldn't dare take them after what you've just told m>. “But T haven't any other account.” mourned Fred, and George never did hear what he did with the purloined “twelve grand.” Still, Fred may have | cashad them. But the reverse side of this picture —the side showing how mobile and the gamblers on sight of this rarity. Some thought it was counterfeit, others that it was stage money; bu the majority decided to get it. How they got the bill finally has al- ways remained something of a my tery, even to the sharper who told me the tale. Some say the rich man lost it in play. Others that he lost part of it and kept it temporarily by giv- ing a check, and that several of the players followed him home and took the alluring paper at the point of a gun. Ashamed or afraid, the rich man never complained to the police. But then the real trouble began for the thieves. How were they going to divide the §10,000?7 Where could they change it? They soon faced obstacles they had never dreamed of. ney having $10,000 you couldn't spend or confess owning! At last they sent one of their num- ber to England with the bill. Then, with true caution, they dispatched a second man to watch the first, secretly and gun in pocket. The racing season was on in the kingdom, and the emis- sary went to Ascot an American Croesus. He stoppsd at the best ho- tels, and apparently had a costly time. He ‘made egregious bets, and quietly covered these in such a way that while he looked like a plunger he lost very little. The bookies began to watch for him. And so he went along, his “shadow” close behind, from track to track. Then, as always, came Derby day, and he played his main card. He bat Beveral hundred dollars on his choice—a 4-to-1 shot, by the cards with professional gamblers. As you'd expect, he was losing. At last, out of the bottom of his capacious wal- let came a $10,000 gold back. Now, I leave to your imagination the faces of way, with what he thought a good chance to op.” Then, just before the race, he rushed up to the same bookmaker, planked down his $10,000 bill and bet “five grand” on the same | eartier useful big money can be—is perfectely 4 = 000 | Pictured in the incident of the banker The bookle gave him $3.000| ang nis $2,000,000. The banker in the case was C. S. Mitchell, president of emissary was over- | the Central Mercantile Bank & Trust od perfectly. | €0 New York. Mr. Mitchell awoke fasrir e .. .0 |one morning to find thare was a run | His skiliful betting had minimized | on’ the Broadway Central, & simaiin losses. He wasn't far frmn‘ neighboring bank. Three offici had | even, and it he won—why, everything | gontessed to stealing an amount var- L % i) 3 ously estimated then at $100,000 to would be “jake.” Fancy his elation ;i ed t then when the 4-to-1 shot romped home ::B‘:’ "lff';‘ _‘e"”"kh-_‘;" the end, the a winner. He hastened to the bookie. | it (EHIE Ll llhe more correc But that worthy passed him back his | L1 Ston of the loss in the news $10,000 bill as part of his winnings! | boPers had precipitated the run and The emissary quit cold. He carried | BUNAreds of depositors were crowding the bill home and threw it with his| ot the Broadway Central demand- {earnings before his assembled cronies, | (& i€t money. Tt was apparent | " “Here,” he sputtered, “cut this. An’ | i, 45 "‘,,;"““‘"_‘v be liquidated |let's throw this blamed bill in the| nough to pay the claims. river. T wouldn't lift one of these oft [, MiChell got in_ touch with the riger. ;T woul {banking authoritiex ~ and ~received Even more amusing. perhaps, and | {oncolidation. He womcer al e | costalnly: as llumipating, is the In-|foimde the' bheleaguered bank was i cident they tell of two brothers Who pagically sound, got his directors to. once ran u night club in New York's | gather, and. hovan e o rca bank. " But how was he to stop the “Whispering Forties.” A banker who {has a fund of remimscence about his | yyn» 1 Pede way allnight money houes relates: (00,000 in all kinds of bills, guarded it with gusto. The two brothers, it by ‘five men with rifles, was en route appears, conducted a rather reputable | to the Broadway Central. Mr. Miteh- place. Their account at the bank ran | ell piled the money on a table in the into thousands, and the former teller | lobby of the bank, close to & window, used'to call them by their first names. | Then he went out and pointed it out while they addressed him fnmlhurlv,(o the depositors. He told them the enough as “George.” One day. one|bank was sound, that it had more of the brothers, named “Fred,” ap-{than enough money to pay them all, proached George with worry written 'but hoped they would continue to all over his keen, somewhat dissipated [ patronize the institution. He hired features. : waiters from nearby hotels. and “Morning George,” he besan, and|served coffee, he talked and talked. then, after considerable weather talk, |and pointed to the $2,000,000. The whispered, “George, I'm in a pretty |next morning when the Broadway mess, and I want you to listen to me | Central opened under the banner of a minute. Tt you can help me, alll Mr. Mitchell's bank the run had right—otherwise, it's under the rose, ended. hey?" Thus | horse. chang The 'gambler’s | joyad. The thing had wor “big money” won again.