Evening Star Newspaper, September 11, 1927, Page 45

QUARTER OF TRAINED' IN MILLION ARMY CAMPS Officeré Anticipate Summer’s Work Will Set Record as Greatest Peace-time Effort of United States. BY WILLIAM A. MILLEN. RMY officers estimate that Uncle Lam has trained in the vicinity of quarter of a million men in various camps over the coun- try this Summer. While 39, 656 saw service with the Citizens' Military Training Camps, officers de- clare ' that 60,000 could have been cared for had Congress appropriated funds for that number. Every State having a . National iuard—and this means all but Nevada—had their of- ficers and men in training for a 15-day period, accounting for about 185,000, the largest single group under canvas _and wearing khaki this season. Or- ganized Reserves took training, some 18,000 of them, and the Reserve Of- cers’ Training Corps had about 7,000 on active duty. Meanwhile the Navy has been busy training ite reservists and has been holding cruises on the Atlantic_and Pacific coasts, as well as on the Great Lakes .and in Hawaii. Men to the number of 7,000 have thus had the value of discipline. Destroyers and o:\xl; boats - have been used in this work. In-53 Camps. In 53 camps all over the country the citizen soldiers were put through thelr vaces. The majority of them were students, but all walks of life ‘were represented in the four courses— basic, red, white and blue. Up to July 83, 67,127 applications for the camps Kad. been received, but as Congress had made provision for only 35,000 the ‘War. Department was forced to econo- mize rigldly to get 39,656 trained. About $3,000,000 is appropriated now for this work. Regular Army posts and canton- ments bullt during the war are uti- lized, although at Del Monte, Calif., a big tent camp accommodating 1,200 trainees is on ground rented for a nominal sum. Camps Devens and XKnox, which normally have but a earetaking detachment, are brought into use during the warm weather to teach military duties. The camps last for 30 days, running from June to September. The Army is finding that business houses are giving increased co-operation, some giving as much concession as 45 days' leave and 15 days' pay to those attending the camps. Colleges are likewite assist. ing, givine scholarships for Citizen: Military Training. Camp work and al- lowing credits. The location of these camps is determined by each corps area commander, taking into con- siderati. 1 enconomy of transportation and other factors. In Washington ‘Area. Camp Meade, Md., was not used this year as a C. M. T. C. rendezvous, but at Camp Humphreys, Va., 25 ad- vanced engineering students took the dlue course. In the 3d Corps Area, in which Washington is located, pro- vision was made for training 850 in the basic course and 425 in the ad- vanced Infantry course at Fort Eus- tis,' Va., while at Fort Howard, Md., 335 in the basic and 165 in the ad- vanced Infantry courses were the fig- ures; at Fort Hoyle, Md., 400 in the Field Artillery basic and 200 in the ad- vanced courses; at Fort Myer, Va., 200 in the Cavaliry course, and at Fort ‘Washington, 336 in the basic and 165 in the advanced Infantry courses. Signal Corps candidates were trained in Fort Monmouth, N. J. National Guard training was given at nearly 100 different points through- out the country, and included duty for 18 observation squadrons with heav- ierthanair machines. This period, too, lasted from June to September, but in 15-day stretches. Large camps for Guardsmen are located at Camp Devens, Mass.; Fort Wright, N. Y.; Fort Ontario, N. Y.; Peekskill, N. Y. . (Camp Smith); Pine Camp, N. Y. Girt, A v ea N. J.; Camp Albert C. Ritchie, Blue Ridge Summit, Md.; Mount Gret- na, Pa.; Tobyhanna, Pa.; Camp Mc- Clellan, Ala; Fort Oglethorpe, Ga.; ¥ort Bragg, N. C.; Camp Knox, Ky.; %3: Perry, Ohio, and others in the Reports Filing In. Organized Reserves from various parts of the country are called to duty, from time to time, in the War Department, and those doing active duty in the fleld are largely officers &l80. Ajr Corps men from this area ained at Bolling Field. Carlisle Barracks, Pa., where many physiclans train. and Fort Eustis, -Va., are large training centers in this corps area for the Organized Reserves, with the En- gineers training at Fort Humphreys. “THe Reseérve Officers Training Corps —college men who are slated to get ecommissions later—in this section of the country underwent their Summer schooling for the most part at Car- lisle Barracks, Fort Humphreys and Camp Meade, with the Cavalry being trained at Fort Myer. Reports on all these activities are Progress in Government Held to Be Slow Compared to Strides in Field of Trade BY CHESTER I. LONG, Former President. American Bar Association, Government to satisfy the people must be efficient. We have made great advances and improvements in manufactures, transportation and agriculture -in recent years. We are more efficlent in all these lines than those who preceded us. The tele- phone, automobile, airplane, radio, motor boat, tractor, auto truck, com- bine, have come into use within the memory of men now living. We have also improved the railroad, telegraph. ocean cable and steamship until they hardly resemble things of the same name that our fathers ha No one will claim that we have made the same progress in govern. ‘ment, in legislative and judicial pro- cedure. In the making of laws the quantity has increased, but how about the quality? In judicial procedure are our courts more efficient? 1Is justice administered more certalnly and speedily? Who will say that it is? ‘We far surpass the age in which our Federal Constitution was made in efficiency in applied science and mechanics, but in the science of gov- ernment they surpass us. Initiative and Referendum. In recent years in our legislation, State and national, we have tried to make this a pure democracy. It is not 80 and never was intended to be. Pure democracy was a failure in Greece and In every other country ‘where it existed. The founders adopt- ed the representative principle. They made a republic, not a pure democ- ey "“"hal have we done in recent years to change it? We have abandoned the principle of representation in two ways to which I believe we will re- turn. First, by the initlative and referendum; second, by the direct mary. The initiative and referendum as. sumes that the Legislature and Con- gress cannot pe trusted, so the people must make their own laws; the primary is predicated upon the theory that no man can be trusted to repre- sent another in a convention, so each must nominate his own candi- b The recall of judicial decisions | barrler for marine currents, be tun- date. §s in the discard. But we still have the primary with us, much as it has been discredited in the recent past. new flling into the War Department and final figures will be available when all corps areas report and the mass is tabulated. '"he department’s plan of decentralization leaves largely in the hands of corps area command- ers the task of arranging for the va- rious, camps. 7,000 Naval Trainees. Naval estimates placn the number of Reservists trained in that branch of the service this Summer at 7,000. As an index of the situation, officers quote last year's figures, showing that 900 officers and 5,000 men too: the 15- day training perfod at sea. In this figure is included the Dist:ict of Co- lumbia unit. Two hundred and twenty- five officers and 105 men took training in aviation and 98 officers and 36 men were trained at shore stations. A 10 to 15 per cent higher number is an- ticipated for this season. Thus both Army and Navy are marching forward in the plan for na- tional preparedness. Officers maintain that these civilians who turn to the service for a brief training span dur- ing the Summer are benefited immeas- urably in health, returning to their manifold pursuits in private life bronzed and hardened by the workout. Army officers do not anticipate that more than 35,000 will be trained in next year's Citizens' Military Training Camps, as funds will not permit work far above that figure. Congress is known by its liberality in appropri- ating funds in this direction to be in favor of this work, realizing it to be a popular movement. Among the prob- lems yet to be solved in this branch of the military service is that of dis- tributing the trainees more evenly among the various occupations, for as it is now students occupy most of the camps. With the benevoleat attitude adopted by many of the country’s leadi~~ business houses. such as the American Railway Express Co. and the Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey, officers hope to be able to obtain a greater rcpresentation of the occupa- tions in the camps of 1928 and suc- ceeding years. Training of Girls. ‘The training of girls in the military service is receiving some attention among certain officers of the Army, with a view, at some future date, of inaugurating a Female Citizens' Mili- tary Training Camp. This, however, is conceded to be beyond the pale of probability for the present. The question of giving training in aeronautics to the C. M. T. C. men is THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, SEPTEMBER 11, 1927—PART. 2.’ Youth’s Preference for Athletics Sound, View of President of Great University BY WILLIS J. BALLINGER. 'HY is it that the boy who goes to college finds that there is far greater prestige attached to 113 a pole vaulting record, scoring a touchdown or winning by a knockout than in standing at the head of one's class, making Phi Beta Kappa, winning an oratorical prize or literary contest, or composing an original poem?"” Dr. Penniman, president of the University of Pennsylvania, thus summed up the sub- stance of a number of queries that T had put to him. He seemed quite interested. Thus encouraged I advanced a little further in the discussion. “Perhaps,” I suggested, ‘“colleges do not invest intellectual achievements with a proper amount of officlal ceremony. Suppose those who made Phi Beta Kappa were to wake up and find their names blazed on the front page of the college daily and were inducted into this intellectual fraternity by an impres- sive outdoor function attended by all college students which would resemble the famous ‘tap day’ at Yale. * %k %k ok “Suppose that the winner of the oratorical prize, the champion debater, or most dis- tinguished writer should be paraded in front of the whole student body and hear themselves the reciplents of laudatory words from the president and experience congratulatory hand- shakes from the faculty assembled in impres- sive academic robes to make over the latest intellectual winner. Perhaps by such official ceremonies we might increase the prestige in college life of intellectual leaders.” Dr. Penniman comes from a famous tree of learning. His father, James Lanman Penniman, was one of the foremost scholars of his day. Young .Joshua was brought up surrounded by books and accustomed to the most pene- trating discussion of intellectual subfects at the family table. This early training left an indelible impress on his personality. I found him with the dignity of the scholar, but, also, with a degree of genlality and friendliness which proved that learning need not always be associated with a coldness of manner. And Dr. Penniman gave me a very astounding explanation of why students and even fathers and mothers seem to think more of athletic trilumphs as judged by their patronage of these events than of forensic or intelleetual feats, and. why it is practically impossible to put intellectual accomplishments on equal footing of prestige with athletic spectacles in college. * % % Xk “I don’t believe there is a college president in America who has not been worried by what seems to be the inferior importance of intel- held, at the present time, to be of doubtful value, as officers emphasize that the airplane is too dangerous a piece of machinery to have young men devote but 30 days a year to it. Po- tential fatalities, which might give a black eye to the whole C. M. T. C. movement, are feared. Members of the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps are given Air Corps training at Langley Fleld, Va.: Max- well Field, Ala.; Chanute Field, IIl Fort Crockett, Tex., and Crissy Field, Calif. The Organized Reserves are schooled in aeronautics at Boston, Mass.; Mitchel Field, N. Y.; Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md., where bombing tests are held; Bolling Field and Lang- ley Field, V: hepards Field, W. Va.; Camp Albert C. Ritchie, Md.; Maxwell Field, Ala., for observation, pursuit, attack and bombing work; Selfridge Field, Mich., in pursuit and observa- tion groups; Fort Riley, Kans.; Fort Sam Houston, Te: Fort Crockett, Tex.; Scott Field, I, for the balloon xro‘\;p. and at Clover and Crissy Fields, National Guard aviators get their training at Camp Devens, Mitchel Field, Langley Field, Shepards Field, W. Va.; Camp Albert C. Ritchie, Md.; Maxwell Field, for photographic work; ‘Wright Field, Fairfield, Ohio; Wold- Chamberlain Field, Minn.; Air Inter- mediate Depot, Little Rock, Ark.; An- glum, Mo.; Lowry Field, Colo.; Pala- cios, Tex., and Camp Lewis, Wash. Variety of Callings. ‘What a wide variety of callings is represented in this quarter of a mil- lion men quartered under canvas or in barracks during the Summer just passed. Their clvilian avocations lose their identity, in many cases, as the military becomes dominant. While in the service they are radio operators, linemen, engineers, tank repairmen, meterologists, members of a pigeon company, laundrymen, ammunition ex- perts and a host of others. These are often far different from' their actual work as civilians. The tremendous task of training "this quarter of a million of various likes and ages fell to the lot of the Regular Army, which now numbers 12,000 officers and 115,000 enlisted men. Confidence is expressed that when the final figures are tabulated, showing the extent of the Summer's work, it will be found to be the greatest : eace- time training that has occurred in American history. pose, it is necessary for man to confer with his fellows. ~Conference should precede action. We have the two- party system. Formerly under the convention system each party met and adopted its platform, which was its declaration of principles for the candidates. A member of the party did not vote direct for the candidate, but selected delegates, who after con- ference in convention by a majority vote chose the candidate. In a primary a candidate chooses himself or a few friends sign his peti- tion and if there are more than two candidates it becomes a game of chance as to who shall be nominated; oftentimes a minority candidate is chosen. Groups and Blocks. This complicated, unsatistactory, non-representative system is largely responsible for groups and blocs that assume to speak in Washington or in the several State capitals for the unorganized majority. Their lack- of numbers is balanced by their indus- try, audacity and activity. There have thus grown up privately organ- ized groups, too numerous to mention, with headquarters in Washington. Correct the mistakes of representa- tive government; make it more effi- cient; avoid pure democracy on the one hand and arbitrary government on the other. Then this Nation will be an example for others to follow in. government as they do now in finance. Urges Blasting Away Of Gibraltar Barrier Surrounded by the world's oldest civilizations, the Mediterranean yet has never been completely explored for its fauna. This is pecullar owing to the virtual separation of the Medi- terranean waters from those of the | Atlantic because of the shallowness of | the Strait of Gibraltar. A Danish | hydrographer who has made a life study of the Mediterranean proposes | that Gibraltar, which forms a natural lectual accomplishments in college in the eyes making the track team, breaking of the student body and even parents,” sald Dr. Penniman. “I myself have thought abous the subject a great deal. I believe I have arrived at the real reason for the superior importance of athletics in college life—why we have so many more people turning out to see a javelin contest than an oratorical set-to.” “It is because boys and parents find in athletics something more exciting than intel- tectual displays or is it that youth just natu- rally prefers feats of the body to feats of the mind?" I asked. “At one time,” said Dr. Penniman, *“I thought that boys and parents had a very one-sided view of life—that they worshiped things inferior in importance to more worth- while ones. I couldn’t help but view with alarm the attendance at one of our foot ball games and compare it with attendance at one of our debates. “I thought at one time that students and older folks had very poor judgment to patron- ize athletics so much and neglect intellectual performances of the college. But today I see where in reality students and parents are really showing sound judgment in such a choice.” ¥k “How would you term their choices sound? Do you think that athletics are more impor- tant than intellectual accomplishments?” I asked. “No, but here is the reason. When stu- dents and older people go to athletic contests they go in the expectancy of seeing the very best of that kind in the world. No one but a young man can do the very best athletics in the world. Only a young man can break pole vaulting records. Only youth can do the world’s very best in athletics. But boys at 21 can’t be intellectual world beaters., That comes with maturity. At an athletic contest people go to see the best in the world. At an intellectual contest in college people go to see only at the very best a mediocre perform- ance. We don't have Daniel Websters at 21. If we did the world would flock to see the world’s best. Dickens did not write ‘Oliver Twist’ until he was 27, and Thackeray had to wait until he was 37 and had accummulated enough worldly experience and maturity before he could write ‘Vanity Fair.' Students and people are showing intelligence when they patronize athletics so much more liberally. They are merely bent on seeing the best the world has to offer.” * ok k ok “Then you don’t fear that the importance of athletics at present in our colleges will engulf intellectual advancement?” “America is growing ‘more serious. You would be surprised to find the growth of non- fiction reading in our public libraries. I, my- self, am surprised and gratified to find that students are becoming more serious about intellectual things. The other day I was in our library with a lady who had given the university a number of rare books. I told her what a lot of good she had done the unl- versity and while I was talking a sturdy shouldered, manly looking student who had been reading a book in the library edged his up to me and said: ‘Dr. Penniman, books are a man's best friend. They are always at one's service. They never play one false. They give everything and never ask anything.’ And this boy was a regular he-man. This represents the new spirit of seriousness that is dawning in our colleges. Much of the old froth of college activities is vanishing. In its place thoughtful, serious-minded students are coming. The future looks bright for education.” -k k¥ “You, no doubt, have read the ‘Revolt of Youth’ by Judge Lindsey. I wanted to ask you if you agree that high school students and college boys are to be regulated by appealing to thelr reason rather than by resorting to the principle of authority,” I asked. “Appealing to the reason of a student Is of great value. But it has its limits. There are some things that we should compel the younger generation to do. Many times be- cause the older generation applauds the ath- letic feats of the young, they think they are quite able to take .care of themselves. Youth can break athletic records. But in the field of human conduct the older generation has much to teach them. The difference between the old and the new generation is that young men think that old men are fools while old men know that young men are fools.” * Kk k X ““We can't turn youth loose in life’'s apothe- cary shop and let them play with the bottles they find there. The chances are that they would probably poison themselves. Youth's great trouble today is that it mistakes its athletic or physical abilities—the winning of a hundred-yard dash or the piloting of an aeroplane—for ability to cope with problems of life that only age and maturity knows some- thing about. “Only young men can hurl the discus to a record, or drive an auto across the line a winner, or achieve new altitude records in the sky. And the world seems tp be making such achievements important by the cash, it pays to see such feats and the way in which the multitudes throng to them, but the problem of what is best for health and happiness can only be answered by those who have gone on ahead of youth and have found out from actual experience. The world has still a pressing need for old heads in the game of life.” (Copyright, 1027.) ot LATIN AMERICANS SEEK BY WALLACE THOMPSON. HE question of Latin American trade—which is perhaps the outstanding issue in the mind of every United States manu- facturer who thinks of ex- port—has phases and produces prob- lems which go far toward forming the underlying reality of Pan-American relations. None the less, the question of that trade is blandly ignored by most of us. We like to talk at great length about the political issue, of which few of us feel any personal ef- fect whatever, but we ignore with a grand gesture the problem which reaches us in our pocketbooks and whose principles, at least, most of us understand. It is rather more than merely de- sirable that we should appreciate, for instance, the true inwardness of the Latin American attitude toward our tariff system, as it works out in their trade relations with us. Not that we must or could adopt this attitude as our own. But we should under- stand and therefore be able to sym- pathize with the Latin American view- point. Few of us make the journey needed into the minds of the Latin American in this, any more than we do in other phases. of our relations, but if we do, we should come upon a surprising dis- covery. We should find, for instance, that the Latin American is not rab- idly opposed to tariffs of any size; he uses them himself. He recognizes everybody's right, so to speak, to a tarlff. But what he resents, deep down where he does not talk about it, is our refusal to execute reciprocity treaties with Latin American coun- tries. There he touches on a funda- mental poiley of this Government, but none the less he is firm—and un- happy. It is well to understand why. Trade-Treaty System. It is axiomatic, of course, that the countries of Latin America are pro- ducers of raw materials, which they sell abroad —they want markets rather more than does the United States, even since our emergence, following the war, as one of the hugest manufacturing entities the world has ever known. Some of the Latin American countries produce manufactured or semi-manufactured products; some of these, also, require markets. The United States tariff seems to close the door to many of these products, which are® thus stopped from the enjoyment of one of the richest markets in the world. Of The Story the Week Has Told BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is a brief summary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended September 10: The British Empire. — The British scientists are a happy tribe. They know how to mingle “grave with gay and lively with severe.” One of the most successful of the-discourses at the recent annual convention of the British "Association for the Advance- ment of Science dealt with the origin of jazz. The learned speaker ascribed the pest to certain ‘micro-organisms called “flagellates,” which were doing business prior to the evolution of the primates. Thus black Africa is shorn of her chief imputed glory. The eminent Prof. E. T. Whittaker of Edinburgh held forth to the conven- e Outstanding Problems of Relativity.” He discussed the discov- ery made during recent eclipses that light has weight and is attracted by a huge body such as the sun. He showed that the pull of gravity exercised by such an enormous body may be power- ful enough to capture a ray as though it were a meteor, in which case for- ever after the ray would accompany the captor body in a path approxi- mating a circle. Prof. Whittaker concluded with the statement that, “Now that a definite: connection has been set up between electricity and gravitation, the whole electro-magnetic theory must be rewritten.” Those supereminent authorities on “Cosmic rays,” Prof. Milllkan of Cali- fornia and Dr. Kolhoerster of Ger- many, fascinatingly described their several methods of measuring the power of these rays (Millikan has ob- served them to pass through 120 feet of water, equivalent to 11 feet of lead), but whence they came and precisely to what purpose, this they could not say. Other scientists told of the addi- tional light being constantly thrown on the behavior of the harmones, those ultramicroscopic organic chem- ical compoun's the mystery whereof remains, however, infinitely intrigu ing. What do you know about this? The human body contains 10 milli- grams of a certain substance, an ‘‘ex- hibition” -of 3 milligrams whereof would kill. The wicked stuff is kept in storage, Harmones are dispatched to release it as required. One lecturer told of an experiment to illustrate the virtue of thyroid extract. A certain mouse had shed its halr, was quite naked. He administered thyroid ex- tract and the mouse completely re- covered its former hirsute *“honors.” At about 8 a.m. Wednesday the Stinson-Detroiter monoplane. Sir John Carling hopped off from Harbor Grace, Newfoundland, for London, England. Apparently she suffered the fate of Old GGlory and the St. Raphael. She did not carry radio equipment and no ship reports sighting her. She was fitted with a Wright whirlwind engine and manned by Capt. Terence Tully, pilot, and Lieut. James Medcalf, navigator, Canadians, who served in the Royal Flying Corps in the war and afterward became members of the provisional flying corps of Canada. ‘The enterprise was financed by the Carling brewery of London, Ontario, the plane being named after the founder of the brewery, who some 50 years ago was a prominent figure in Canadian public life. 1t was originally intended that the flight should be a non-stop *‘London-to-London” one, but meteorological conditions forced a descent at Washburn, Me., whence hop was made to Harbor Grace. * ok % % France. —1I quoted last week from Jean Callizo’s highly colored account of how he established a new world's altitude flight record of 42,650 feet, beating his own record of 40,820 feet, made in August, 1926, and officially ac- cepted. But it appears that by an in- genlous trick (use of invisible ink, etc.) he falsified his barograph record of the recent flight. The trick was un- covered by another barograph secretly installed in the tail of Callizo's ma- chine by the makers of his engine, which showed an altitude of only 4,000 meters. It will be recalled that Callizo made a bad landing. That, too, was fakish. It was ‘“calculated” to bear out the aviator’'s lurid story of terrible suffering. The world, he as- sumed, could not imagine the great Callizo making a bad landing except as the result of extreme exhaustion approaching unconsciousness. It is expected that Callizo's accepted record neled or blasted away so as to estab- lish better circulation between the orean and the sea. A bigger channel, he believes, would lead to phenomenal 1n every field of personal endeavor. in the accomplishment of any pui- changes in the Mediterranean bed. of 40,820 feet will be repudiated by the Federation Aeronautique Internation- January, 1926, will again take place. Callizo is in the category headed by Dr. Cook, a strange tribe. From a po- sition of high honor he falls below con- tempt, brethren of the air. ok ok K Russia.—Divorce is increasing at an astounding rate in Russia. In the first ‘five months of this year 9,681 marriages were recorded in Leningrad ahd 7,255 divorces, that is divorces to marriages in the ratio of about 75 per cent, as against 20 cent for the year 1926. It is expected that within a year divorces will be as numerous as marriages in Russia, the condition to which we ourselves are tending. For two persons to begin living together is regarded in Russia as legal marriage. Divorce, I believe, must be formally declared, but no further ado. Easy come, easy go. * ok Kk Turkey.—In a recent issue I stated that Mustapha Kemal Pasha was personally to name the candidates for the new Turkish National Assembly. He did so, and it is not, therefore, surprising to learn that all of the new delegates were unanimously elected and are members of the Presi- dent's party (the peoples’ party). Ghazi Mustapha Kemal laconically and humorously observes: “To com- plete our gigantic task of recreating Turkey we are not going to allow any differences of opinion among our be- loved countrymen.” Of the 300,000 or so white Russians who took refuge in Constantinople after the Wrangel debacle, only 3,000 remain there. The Turkish govern- ment has anrounced that these re- maining fugitives must become Turk- ish citizens or leave Turkey prior to February 8 next. * K ok % United States of America.—Revisit: ing the area two months ago covered by the flood waters of the lower Mississippi and its tributaries, Secre- tary Hoover finds that in one-half of that area this year’'s harvest will an- swer bare necessities, that in some part of the remainder there will be some sort of a harvest, though meager, but that in 20 counties of Arkansas, Mississippl and Louisiana there will be no harvest at all. The total population of these 20 counties is ‘about 300,000, mostly little farms folk. A considerable proportion of them are absolutely dependent on the Red Cross for the means of sub- NLESS something hap- pens to the governor of a State, the lisutenant gov- ernor is just about zer He attends dreary functions. H: speeches are seldom reported. Small wonder that most lieu- tenant governors are content just to ‘slide through. When | first began to be in- d in Calvin Coolidge he lieutenant governor of chusetts. He took an extraordinary attitude. When he was invited to make a speech, he worked. He read history. He enunciated principles of gov- ernment. No matter how small the audience, how unimportant the community, produced something really distinguished. In 1920 these speeches were gathered into a book and a i group of us—all amateurs in politics—began sending copies to the convention delegates, to editors and to influ- citizens of every State. The effect was remarkable. e united many factors to make Calvin Coolidge President, but what helped most to make him Vice President w; ale. In such case Lieut. Macready's altitude mark of 38,704 feet, set in a byword to his aforetime’ sistence. Practically all require to be provided from outside with funds for replenishment of live stock, plant, gear, etc., until next year’s crops are harvested. They must have present funds and long-time credits at low in- terest. The Red Cross will charge itself with provision, in precise meas- ure, of what is essential to preserva- tion of life and health—it can do no more. It may not be doubted, how- ever, that what else may be needed— money, credits, remission of taxes— to enable these unfortunate folks to renew the struggle for existence with justified hope and cheer and without too galling a load of debt, will be pro- vided substantially along the lines Mr. Hoover may indicate. And, of course, easement should be provided in the proper degrees for the people in the districts hit hard but not so hard as the 20 counties. So far, thanks to Red Cross efficien- cy, health conditions have been gen- erally good, though with malaria and pellagra tending to increase. No doubt an adequate program of flood control will be ready for the new Congress at its opening, and no.doubt the Con- gress will at once make the proper ap- propriations toward its realization. Shortly after noon on Tuesday the Fokker monoplane Old Glory took off from Old Orchard, Me., for a non- stop flight to Rome, manned by Lloyd Bertaud, pilot, and James Hill, co- pilot (the two alternating in the func- tions of pilot and navigator), and car- rying as passenger Philip Payne, man- aging editor of the New York Mirror and representing William R. Hearst, backer of the enterprise, equipped with a single English Bristol Jupiter air- cooled engine, and with radio sending and receiving apparatus. A better crew could scarcely have been found, Bertaud and Hill having been regard- ed as the creme de la creme of the United States air mail service, both famous for skill, resource and courage. At about 3 a.m. Wednesday Old Glory sent out a SOS message, but without giving position. Several lin- ers caught the message and called for position. Six minutes after sénding the S O S the plane radioed “five hours out from Newfoundland.” Since then, silence. Several liners, including the Transylvania and the Carmania, al- tered course in search, guided less by the plane’s last very rough indication of position than by its indication of position radioed about two hours pre- vious to the S O S, namely, 48.03 north, 48.43 west. The search proved vain. It is of melancholy interest that Old BUM JOBS BY BRUCE BARTON. frontier town. What chance there for growth or fame? None, apparently, but Beecher liked the people and every Sun- day preached his best. One day he was surprised to receive an invitation from a big church in Brooklyn. How had its membert him? He discovered la One of them, a chance visitor in the had never obviously so much ger than his ji “The office is beneath you," claimed the friends of Hor Mann, when he resigned his bril- liant prospects at the bar to become secretary of the Ma chusetts board of election. “If the title is not sufficiently honorable now, then it left for swered. He made that di one of the most powerful influ- n the Nation. f Most of us are spend all or a lary lives in bum jobs. One dif: ference between us and Coolidge, her and Mann is that we know the jobs are bum. They n't seem to know it, They just thought they had a chance to do a good day’s work. (Copyright. 1927.) Glory was lost approximately where it is estimated that Nungesser and Coli, and, in turn, Capt. Hamilton and his companions, came to grief. It would appear that for flight over oceans land planes have been suf- ficiently discpedited. One inclines to agree with the statement by a famous aviator that the only kind of supra- oceanic flight justified is one by a plural-motor hydroplane equipped with radio and other safety devices. On Saturday, Septembér 3, Brock and Schlee flew from Bagdad to Ben- der Abbas, Persia; on the 4th to Kar- achi, India: on the 5th to Allahabad, India; on the 6th to Calcutta; on the 7th to Rangoon, Burma, riding a mon- soon; on the 8th to Hanol, French Indo-China, and on the 9th to Hong- kong. . The flight from Rangoon to Hanoi was not direct but triangular, over Bankok, Sfam. It had been planned to make a brief stop at Bangkok, but, arriving over that delightful town, the fiyers decided to keep going. ‘There was an enrollment of 13,857 at the twenty-eighth Summer session of Columbia University, 9,802 women and 4,055 men. Foreign students num- bered 286, including 132 from Canada, 40 from China and 20 from Japan. Education courses easily led in popu- larity, followed by courses in English, history, physical instruction, the fine arts, French, chemistry and mathe- matics, in that order. Gov. Jackson of Indiana has been Indicted on the charges of conspiracy to commit a felony and attempt at bribery. Mayor Duvall of Indianapolis has been indicted on the charge of violation of the corrupt practices act. * ok ok K Notes. — The eighth League As- sembly opened on Monday. Albert H. Guani of Uruguay was elected president. I postpone to next week notice of proceedings. Lord Onslow has taken Lord Cecil's place on the League Council. The Greek Chamber having refused ratification to the Serbo-Greek con- vention signed by Dictator Pangalos in August, 1926, providing for new arrangements respecting the Jugoslav free zone at Salonica and the railway connecting Serbia with Salonica, the Jugoslav minister at Athens was withdrawn by his government and thereupon, of course, the Greek min- ister at Belgrade was ordered home. Prof. Edwin W. Kemmerer of Princeton, the ‘“economic physician,” is home from South America. He spent five months in Ecuador reform- ing the currency system, establishing a central bank of issue, reorganizing the customs service and tariff legis- lation, etc. He spent three months doing the same sort of thing for Bolivia and ended with a brief period of intensive similar work in Chile. Filipino Artisans Lack Full Credit The artisanship of Filipinos is often eclipsed behind the names of the for- eigners employing them. For example, a Spanish friar is credited with mak- ing_the famous “bamboo pipe organ” of Las Pinas parish church, when, in fact, the organ was made by a humble native parishioner and remained, wh n old, out of commission for many years —or until a grandson of the original craftsman was found to whom the art had descended by inheritance. That Is why tourists rhapsodize about this strange specimen of the organmaker’s art, for it is truly remarkable and ex- hibits wonderful tone. Its maker and the grandson who repaired it remain unknown. Praise is placed where it doesn't belong. A later example is a Pio Trinidad's tonal improvement of an American phonograph, the achieve- ment representing 15 painstaking trials during a period of two years. Both the voice and instrumental tones were clarified by Trinidad's little in- vention. This same man in 1897 made the first piano built in the Philippines and excellent pjanos have been male by Filipinos In Manila ever since. - - Phelp’s Birthday. From Scribner's Magazine. 1t has been a lifelong regret to-me that I was not born on New Year day; I should have been had not my course, Latin Americans who produce and export know all about tariffs— their country protects them with an overwhelming tariff, like as not. But they believe, none the less, that if the tariff is high in the countries where they sell, they get less of the price paid for their goods in those coun- tries than they would if the tariff were lower. This is not entirely sound economics. but it is sound human nature. Our exporters are not above a firm conviction that the buying power in Latin America for their par- ticular products is greatly lessened by the fact that Latin American tariffs keep the prices high there. All these feelings and tariffs and pains on the part of the manufacturers and pro- ducers work both ways, and it is all quite obvious. But it is the other phases than the obvious which dis- turb Latin Americans on the tariff RECIPROCITY TREATIES Tariff Bargaining Is Desired to Get Suitable Markets—Present U. S. Policy Bars Plan. relation with Cuba is as always ex- cepted. The actual author (Secretary Hughes is generally credited with be- ing the father of the plan) who drew up the “unconditional” trade treaties is understood to have been Dr. W. 8. Culbertson, formerly a member of the Tarifft Commission, formerly adviser of the Department of State on com- mercial matters, and now Minister to Rumania. Since the conclusion of the German treaty two others of similar type have been signed and approved— with Hungary and Esthonia. It is interesting to note that in that with Esthonia reservation is made with regard to the relations of that new country with the other Baltic states with whom there are reciprocal rela- tions similar to ours with Cuba, but in all else they are identical in spirit and plan with the German treaty. We also have exchanged notes providing a “modus vivendi” (pending the econ- clusion of formal treaties) with about 12 other countries, all aloug the *“‘un- ll‘lunditlonal most favored treatment™ ne. Not Much Favored. Only one of the countries of Latin America has signed an “unconditional most favored nation” treaty with us. This is Salvador, and this treaty was modified by so many reservations in the Salvador Congress that we have asked for a reconsideration of the matter. Thus there is now no “un- conditional” treaty in force between the United States and any Latin American country. There are flve with whom we have arranged the “modus vivendi” along that line, how- ever—Brazil, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Thus we may gather by the record that this type of treaty is not much favored there. At first glance this might be called short-sighted, for we have very specific provisions in the tariff law that give privileges to fav- ored nations, and this country offers a vast market into which Latin American products ought certainly enter on an equality—for instance, with Africa, the growing rival of Latin America as a producer of raw materials. The reason for Latin American disapproval of “uncondi- tional most favored nation treaties” has, however, another cause than illogical prejudice. This has to do with the peculiarly favorable position in which Latin America sits at this moment as a buyer of foreign goods. Latin American countries—virtually all the commercially important ones, at any rate—are now enjoying a virtually boundless credit in the money markets of the world. Im- mense loans are being floated with ease, chiefly for public improvements. Latin America is today, more than ever before, in a position to pick and choose where she will buy; she has more money to spend than is get- ting from her trade, and this condi- tion will continue for some time to come as the money from these loans becomes available. She wants to use this buying power to bargain with. Her economists, and her politiclans who are not economists, want to trade their big buying power for better terms for what they sell in foreign markets. They hate to be spending a lot of money, even if it is borrowed, In markets where their goods are shut out ‘by tariff walls and embargoes. They feel they are in a position to issue as applied to the United States. The feeling there is against not our tariff system as such, nor merely against the embargoes that our own producers of raw materials seek, rightly or wrongly, to induce the Gov- ernment departments to add as an ex- tra protection against competing for- eign products. No, the feeling in Latin America is against our trade- treaty system. What sticks in the throat of the Latin American pro- ducer and exporter is that he cannot make an exchange of favors with us, that we either open the market to everybody or close it to everybody. In other words, as noted above, it is be- cause we do not make reciprocity treaties, and there is no way on earth to get through the tariff wall on a privately profitable expedition. We once made what amounted to reci- procity treaties with Latin American countries, but now our policy is very definitely one of securing ‘“‘uncond tional most-favored-nation treatment, which puts us on a par with every- body and everybody on a par with us, in the chief markets of the world— which in the future means the Orient and Latin America. We ask no favors there, and we believe that the era of favors would always work to our dis- advantage. But that does not at all fit with the Latin American idea. Change in Policy. When our tariff came into being, or, rather, began its present line of development, shortly after the Civil War, we had one fixed policy, which was to allow the raw products of our iittle sister (as they were then) na- tions of this hemisphere, to_enter our markets without duty. Enunciated most forcefully by James G. Blaine, “the father of pan-Americanism,” this policy has been declared many times and on many occasions, and was meant to be, and was, one of the friendly, generous gestures of our pan-American diplomacy. In_recent years, and chiefly since the Spanish- American war, this old policy has been slowly lost sight of, and about the only important raw products of the Latin American countries as a whole, which continue to enter this country without a tariff are hides, coffee, cacao, nitrates, tin and cop- per. Duties are now assessed on such mportant Latin American prod- ucts as wheat and corn, meat, sugar, wool, fruits and linseed. The next development of this triendly policy was in the direction of special treatment, through virtual reciprocity _treaties, based on ex- changes of favors under “conditional’ most_favored nation treaties. The chief of these treaties, and the only one which now remains in force with any large effect on our tariff income or on the prosperity of the other country, is that with Cuba. Once there were such treaties with Canada and Hawail and specific customs con: cessions with about a dozen Latin American countries. All Cuban pro- duce enters the United States still at a flat 20 per cent below all other na- tions in the world, and every trade treaty we now make has the provision that the relationship with Cuba (along with the Canal Zone and our outlying possessions) is not affected by nor does it affect the treaty under negotiation with whatever power. German Treaty Model. It is only a relatively few years ago —since the Great War, in fact—that we have entered upon a policy of sub- stituting *“‘unconditional most favored nation” treaties for our old ‘“‘condi- tional” treaties which allowed reci- procity arrangements, in which we gave most favored nation treatment “on condition that the other country gave us favored treatment in connec- tion with goods we sold there. The pattern for the new series of “uncon- ditional most favored nation” treaties is that with Germany, signed since father been a clergyman. In 1865 the 1st of January came on Sunday, which in our house was strictly ob- the war, in which we give and in re- turn demand treatment in customs make some advantageous trades, and first-off they discover that the chance to use their advantages in the best market in the world is eliminated by a policy of substituting “uncondi- tional most favored nation” trade treaties for those which allow for bar- gains. For instance, if Argentina is going to buy a large order of steel rails she might like to take this occa- sion to dicker with the United States for a lower tariff on meat in exchange for a lower tariff on our rails im- ported into Argentina, thus enabling our manufacturers to underbid com- petitors and in exchange for this ob- taining a fine new market for Argen- tine “chilled beef here. That is the gist of the story. Argentina will conceivably do that very thing tomor- row with Czechoslovakia, say, reduc- ing the Argentine tariff on Czecho- slovakian pottery in exchange for a lower rate of duty on Argentine beef into Czechoslovakia. Sound Opposing Arguments. Of course, as I have presented it, it seems that something ought to be done about it here, but there are sound ar- guments on the other side, as well. In the first place, the present policy of making *“unconditional most favored nation” treaties was entered into after great dellberation by the experts of the State, Treasury and Comrherce Departments. Already the existence of treaties of this type, and of the “modus vivendi” arrangements with so many other countries, would hardly allow us to start making new reci- procity treaties at this time; if we did, the only result would be to reduce the tarifft all along the line. Another point is that the position of the United States is so powerful in the commer- cial and industrial world that the safe- guard of guaranteed ‘‘unconditional most favored nation” treatment is far more vital to our commerce than reci- procity treaties could possibly be— and they eliminate the endless mis- understandings which specialized agreements bring in their train. With such treaties in force.the richest coun- try in the world is assured of an open door for its products, and with our growing efficiency in production we are already able to compete in hun- dreds of markets where a few years ago we did not dream of ever entering. For our own national ends, at least, the ‘“‘unconditional” kind of favored nation treaty seems likely to persist. Beyond that there remains forever one of those great maxims of Ameri- can diplomacy which are too often forgotten when we turn our eyes on specifio problems. This one is that policy of the “open door and equality of trade opportunity,” once iterated with relations to China, but actually a fundamental of our foreign com- mercial policy. The “unconditional most favored nation” clause is the natural development of that policy. The “open door” attitude may in times to come conflict even more than today with the opportunities, if not the re- sponsibilities, that are ours under the Monroe doctrine and its innumerable corollaries. But it is none the less one of the realities of our world rela- tionship which has to be accepted and handled along with many others of which the layman realizes but little in the great game of Pan-American relations. The American who interests himselt in Latin-American affairs, whether in business or as an observer of the fas- cinating game of its diplomacy, must watch and know all these things, how- ever. And, too, he must understand that the Latin American has a side of his own that naturaily does not consider the pressure on government here of that mighty axiomn of the ‘“open door and equality of opportu- nity,” and does not consider, more- over, the colorful but well nigh omni- potent importance of the pocketbook of the American farmer. College Years Wasted. From the St. Paul Pioneer Press. matters the same as that given the It’s a sad affair, indeed, when a served. Nothing secular was allowed | most favored mnation in German rela- | college student fails to make the team to happen. Accordingly I arrived be- | tionships, and in return give such|and returns home with nothing to (fore dawn on Monday, January 3. It is really too bad. Y LT treatment gards “‘unconditionally” as future arrgngements. The re-| show for his money except an educa- tion.