Evening Star Newspaper, February 6, 1927, Page 49

SUPER-UNIVERSITY GOAL | OF MANY LEADERS HERE Plan to Utilize Remarkable Educational Facilities of Capital for Advanced Studies. Outlined. BY WILLIAM RUFUS SCOTT. “Let it (Washington) express the Soul of America. Around it should center all that is best in science, in learning, in letters and in art.” =-President Coolidge in his annual message to Congress. N the three preceding articles in this series on Washington as a center of literature, art and sci- ence, riking idea of Washing- ton as a center of learning was 11€1d by every leader interviewed. This idea was that some definite effort should be made to utilize the remark- able facilities in Washington for ad- vanced education. A great federal university has been advocated ever since George Washing- ton, in his will, urged its establish- ment. It seems doubtful that such an institution ever will be created. But the idea of a superuniversity, or a university for post-graduate studies, is gaining ground rapidly and, it is asserted, could be effectuated with- out overlapping the functions of the regular universities and colleges. Right now there exist in Washing ton all the facilities and much of the “faculty” for establishing a super- university. In the Library of Co gress and the Public Library, in p) vate collections and governmental mu- séums and bureaus are magnificent and in some respects unequaléd re search facilities. By providing ex- make these resources available to ad- vanced students, the university idea ‘would become a reality. by . Adult Education Concept. ‘This survey of Washington as a center of learning, therefore, will con- cern itself primarily with the idea of adult education, or post-graduate studies, rather than with the existing admirable universities, colleges, pub- lic and private schools. It goes with- out saying that the better these edu- cational institutions are made the more likelihood there is of Washington achieving the eminence as a center of learning advocated by the Presi- dent. Regarding the part the public schools will have in this achievement Dr. Frank W. Ballou, superintendent, says: “The public school system of Wash- ington should exemplify to the Na- tion the best in organization and ad- ministration, the best in supervision, teaching and business management. The five-year building program will do much to increase the efficlency of the schools, but other things, such as adequate salary scales for the entire school personnel, must go along with it.” The census reports tell of a grati- fying decrease in illiteracy in Wash- ington, Dr. Ballou pomnts out. From 2.6 per cent in 1900 it had fallen to 2.8 per cent in 1920. The ideal educa- tional Ycenter, of course, is one in| which there is uo illiteracy. | Dr. Tigert Advocates Plan. | Among the enthusiasts for adult education—by this not meaning neces- sarily text-book education, but con- stant absorption after graduation of jideas and information—is Dr. John J. Tigert, United States commissioner of education. The multiplicity of sci- entific agencies here, the museums, art collections, national organizations of many: kinds and other activities which are developing new ideas and conducting researches in varied fields. make Washington a wonderful center for advanced study, according to Dr. “The assumption that education is finished on graduation day,” says Dr. Tigert, “has yielded to the conviction that education is a process that con- tinues throughout life. More and more the idea of adult education is engaging the attention of educators.” This does not mean that adults will be herded into night schools or part-time day schools. It does meap that progres- sive adults will continue to acquire ‘wider knowledge either by direction or by individual initiative. “Here in Washington the great num- ber of fact-finding agencies, private as well as governmental, with the equip- ment in the form of libraries, labora- tories, apparatus, museums and the experts directing them, provide an un- rivaled opportunity for adult educa- tion. We should not be content until we have marshaled under some or- ganization for adults all the facilities available. Movement Already Initiated. ‘Herbert Putnam, librarian of the Library of Congress, in commenting upon Washington as a literary center in the first article of this series, out- lined the steps already taken at the Library toward establishing a super- university service. Efforts are being made to induce private citizens to en- dow “chairs” at the Library in various subjects, the income from the endow- ments to supplement Government sal- aries and so enable the Library to em- ploy distinguished scholars to lecture ere. It is pointed out that students pur- suing advanced studies, especially in history, sociology and the natural and physical sclences, already are coming here by direction of universities throughout the Nation, with the ex- pectation of getting credits at their home universities for the results of studies in Washington. i The defect in this situation is the lack of any central advisory and di- recting agency, which, familiar with all the resources of Washington and helping to co-ordinate them, would be In a position to inform the out- university faculties what the National Capital has to offer and also to recieve the students accredited, to advise them and more or less super- vise their studies here. This does not mean that such an agency would un- dertake teaching or assume responsi- bility for results or give degrees, al- though In time it might do so. It is belleved that such an agency could be created at a comparatively small expense and develop into a national university solely for advanc- ed studies, and yet in a way a realiz- ation of the ideal George Washington had In mind. Perhaps one or more wealthy citizens may finance the. ef- fort, or it might be a governmental enterprise. Educational Aids Cited. In considering the educational side ' of Washington from this advanced viewpoint, many organizations not ordinarily thought of as having an ed- ucational function may be cited. The Chamber of Commerce of the United States, for instance, by exploring all phases of economics, constantly de- velops facts which students sooner or later must absorb. The whole range of governmental departments and bureaus affords ed- ucational opportunities of the first importance. A super university would catalog and make available rich stores of knowledge, not merely to the “book- worm,” but in a popular way by dif- fusion through the press, by public lectures and otherwise, Already, of course, this is being done to a con- siderable extent. The proposed uni- versity would systematize, co-ordinate and expand the service. Mary Roberts Rinehart, noted writer, explained her preference for Washington as a place of residence as being founded largely upon the stimulating contacts the city affords, by contacts meaning the great variety of ideas that find expression here | Washington. | perts to lecture upon and otherwise |in the Nation's Capital, but few of through leaders in science, d:plomacy, business, politics, art and virtually every other field. A super university would provide & focal point for these ideas instead of the somewhat casual and unorganized way of acquiring them that now prevails, “The Unl- versity of the United States,” long dreamed of, thus may Some time be realized. Schools Here Praised. | Fuil credit is given everywhere to| (the educational institutions already here and their mportant contribution | center of learning, not only of Amer- | ica, but of the world. Nearly all of the factors which would justify a super university operate to Induce students to take the undergraduate courses. Parents are showing more and more appreciation of Washington as an educational center because -of the facllities mentioned and because of the opportunity to absorb the ideas that also draw advanced students. The | to the task of making Washington the]. THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, FEBRUARY 6, 1927—PART 2. Business As a Factor in Progress N the final analysis, beauty is the greatest objective of the-world. But we cannot teach spiritual truths éffectively to starv- ing people. One great way to make more beauty in this world i§ to make the obtaining of a living—the obtaining of the necessary food, clothing and shelter, and the necessary mini- . mum of luxuries—so mechanical and ‘so little time consuming that we all shall have time for avocations, have time to work for and search for better things, to search for beauty. This can be accomplished by saving of waste, by more economic justice, by invention and better organization of production and distribu- tion, by better training of workers and leaders. I belleve that the modern business system, despised and derided by innumerable reformers, will'be both the inspiration and the instrument of the soclal .progress of the future, Such a statement cannot go far without encountering vigorous dispute. The air is filled with voices asserting that the modern business system stands squarely across the path that leads to a decent soclal order. On every hand there are men who contend that we can assure soclal progress only by destroying the business sys- tem and reorganizing our life upon a communis- tic or near-communistic basis. And multiplied thousands of men and women who are far from fine array of girls' schools here, pat- ronized by every State-in the union, is proof of this, along with the.other | institutions. { | In discussing Washington ds an’ educational center, Dr; Tigert sald| | further: i “It is an education to have visited | The - expression is @ | common one among those who have been privileged to spend p few days those who speak thus appreciatively of the impressions left by a brief visit realize what a treasure of opportuni- ties for information. and. training along specific and varied lines are stay in the city. Archives Afford Material, “‘A_visit to the Capitol Building, to the White House, a sight of the Wash- ington, Lincoln and other memorials and a trip to Mount- Vernon and to Arlington, though they give us no new facts, illuminate the pages of his- tory in a general way; but in the ar- chives of our departments lie the rec- ords of the Nation’s past as they are to be found nowhere else; while in the houses of Congress and In the activi- ties of the Department of State one can study our political history in the making. “Yet Washington offers: more than historiéal treasures for the student. We have also in our museums the records of civilization and products of sclentific investigation along all lines of research. Again, we have more than the mere results of the work of the past, for in the Government bu- reaus we have scientific research in process alore the most varied lines from fish tulture to aeronautics, and from search for mineral resources to a study of the stars. There are gathered together 1n the Nation's Capital more distinguished .workers in all flelds of scientific study than any- where else in the country. ““Washington, moreover, offers treas- ures of art which bid fair to. excel those elsewhere, and since the estab- lishment of the Coolidge Musical Foun- dation and the building of the Cool- idga_ auditorium in the Library of Congress Washington has been made a center for music not only as created in the past, but as written and pro- duced in the present. “‘As for those valuable tools for edu- cation, books, we have in the Library of Congress the largest collection in the country; in the Office of the Sur- geon General the most complete col- lection on medicine, surgery and sani- tation (Including 1,600 current perfodi- cals from all over the world); while the 200,000 volumes of the Bureau of Edu- cation represent the finest oollection on this important sitbject. “By act of Congress all of these sources of material and experience in literature, art and sclence are open and free to any one may wish to avail himself of the opportunity for, their study. The original records of our Department of State, unduplicated and priceless, are at his disposal; the research in the plant and animal w of the Department. of Agriculture s open for his observation and struc- tion; the Geological Survey, the Bu- reau of Mines the Smithsonian Insti- tution and the Hygieni¢c Laboratory are parts of the equipment of this great truth-seeking agency at the dis- posal of the interested student; while the Bureau of Standards, a college in itself, offers a place of suggestion an: research in all branches of industrial production, from ceramics to optics, and from the making of the best shoes to the production of the purest ra- dium. ko ‘“‘Besides, Washington as the center for foreign representation affords the most favorable place for the study of past and present relations with other countries. This fact has been taken advantage of, and by far the largest and most important school for foreign service is to he found in the District, “‘Many cities go to much ‘expense to collect scientific and historic materials for school museums, but in Washing- ton we have at hand for-use by I schools of all grades, the museums and the botanical and zoologioal collec- tions we have previously mentioned. “That our special opportunities are appreciated elsewhere s evidenced by the number of private secondary schools and the distance from which llls)"vdmw ;{l@h" pupils. . “‘Washington is especlally well pro- vided for in the number ofyitl schools for higher education. No city. of equal size can boast, more instity. tions of this order, and the fneill!l:i for the study of law, medicine, and other special subjects is ;exceilent. The university for colored” students ranks first in the country. “However, it is as a place of grad. uate schooling ‘and of education -for adults that' Washington {s especially equipped. The facllities for this edu- cation already mentioned have not, however, as yet been marshaled into a super university, such as is bound to come, where the advanced student can be advised as to the resources at his command, &nd be guided by the best experfence in their use. That such a capstone institution will arise is a matter of course, and the-op- . portunity and time are now ripe for. it. “To sum up, Washington offers at all ages the facilities for education afforded by other cities, but as the pupll advances additional opportuni- tles for stimulation and observation are afforded by our historic and hi tory-making architecture, by the de- partments of Government and by the magnificent collections of our mu- seums and galleries. ““We should not, however, content ourselves untfl our elementary and high schools are not only models of school housing, but of - educational activity, and until we have marshaled under some organization for adults all the facilities to be found here as nowhere else. Washington should, in a word, become the ized model along all_educational lines. This will come eventually and why not. in our own time?” Sl Moo s A Strong Feeling. From the Saginaw News-Courler. H Connecticut legislator has a bill to require all people on foot to carry lights at night. How tiat man. must hate the honest burgl - e afforded to those who can extend their being Communists indict the modern business system as the tyrant rather than the tool of mankind. Under No Delusion. Now, I.am under no delusion sacial efficiency. of our industrial civilzation. Despite the fact that science is daily making life more livable and interésting, daily devising ways and means for shifting burdens from the backs of men to the backs of machines, daily widening the_range of men's interests by rapid transportation and communication, and broad- ening the scope -of existence -generally, the time. of the majority.of mankind is still occu- pied almost entirely in the business of provid- ing ‘food, ‘clothing andshelter, with little time or training for lifting life to a higher' level— even If the means were at hand. Thisis plainly indefensible, if it is to be accepted ‘as the in: evitable result of the business system. A ‘sys- tem that does this cannot egeape indictment and -assault. -For the average man will not long be content to exhaust himself {n the task of merely providing food, clothing and shelter for himself, his wife and his children, with vir- tually no energy left for other things. I know all- this. And yet I am convinced that the social progress of the future will be achieved not by the destruction of the business system, but by its further and finer develop- ment. The modern business system is at pres- ent more or less lawless, but the pressure of necessity during the next 10 or 20 years will enforce its reform. .Unless I wholly misinter- pret the signs of the time, we are now in the morning hours of & perled in which business men in.order to survibe and succeed will be compelled to adopt the sort of policies that will give us an increasingly better social order. During the next 10 or 20 years we shall come to see from practical experience that there is nothing necessarily contradictory between suc- cessful business and social progress. Success in both will demand the same principles and . the -same practicés. 'Commercial success and soclal welfare, in the days ahead, will stem from the same root. i ‘World Has Changed. The average man and.the average student " _ ot soctal -conditions too- often start “with- the premise that business by its very nature-is about the * BY EDWARD A. FILEN! anti-soclal. - Certainly conspicuous business suc- cess has been 8o regarded. And we are obliged to admit that much of it in the past has been.’ But the point I want to make is that business must henceforth function in a changed World— a world in which good business policies will be found to be good social policies. What I mean concretely is this: Social progress demands co-operation, the modification or—to borrow a word from the psychoanalyst— the sublimation of the class struggle, the access of every man, woman and child to a decently adequate supply of the necessities of lite, and ‘:c release of the individual from the things that prevent his living a creative and contented life. In the past, successful business has often Dblocked the way to a realization of these so- ially ‘necessary ends. But ‘coming conditions re going to compel business men to make changes in policy and in action that will result In just these things. The business policies that. will enable me to make the big business successes of the next 10 or 20 years will pro- duce these things as by-products. For some years to come, in the absence of developments not now predictable, American business will be unable to export the surplus goods it will be able to produce, the surplus goods it is even now geared up to produce. A ramshackle Europe in reduced circumstances will not be a good customer. - Unable to spend thelr surplus energy in competing for foreign business, American busi- ness men will devote their surplus energy to keener competition for domestic business. In the supercompetition that will result, the small business man and the inefficient business man will have a very difficult time matching the prices and the service of the big factorles and the big stores that do business on the basis of mass production and mass distribution Everything will tend to drive American busi- ness and industry into mass production and mass distribution. The ‘principle, widely applied, will result in hitherto undreamed-of economies and efficien- cles. These economies .and efficlences will make possible a marked reduction in prices, will, in fact, compel a marked reduction in prices, for the main idea of mass production and mass distribution in the matter of profits is that the largest total profit 1s to he made for the sale of an enormous number of articles at a small profit per article. This reduction of prices will relieve the cconomié strain on the masses, mitigate the fears of insecurity and unpreparedness against the exigencies of life and labor that today haunt the minds of workmen, make possible a generally high standard of living, and in every way reduce that class friction which serlously slows down the rate of social advance, These things—to say nothing of the ultl- mately. higher real wages that mass production will make possible by bringing about at the same time a reduction in cost of living—will give greater freedom to the individual, Aids Social Progress. Thus unsuccessful business, under the lash of necessity, will make for social progress. I am not suggesting, mark you, that business men are going to experience a sudden new birth of social idealism, but simply that busi- ness men, face to face with difficult time, will do the things that can alone assure their suc- cess, and will. later discover that business in- telligence and ‘social . idealism have met and merged. v In. times past, business could be. successful despite many anti-soclal policies and practices, because society was not in the tight corner it . cated and crowded. is In today. The business man of the past was in very much the same position as the ploneer who could afford to be recklessly wasteful in a virgin land. Business, until now, has been on what might be called a ploneering spree. Only lately have economy and the wisest possible handling of men and material become abso- lute essentlals to business success. As H. G. Wells makes a character in one of his later novels sa] In the days before the war it was different. A little grabbing or cornering was all to the good. All to the good. It prevented things being used up too fast. And the world was running by habit; the inertia was tremendous. You could take all sorts of liherties. But all this is altered. We're living in a different world.” We are indeed living in a different world. In place of abundance we have shortage in mest nations. Instead of a simple world with lots of elbow-room, we have a world compli- In place of dominant cap tains of Industry and docile laborers we have captains of indusfries in insecure seats and a labor mass become articulate and conscious of its political and economic power. In short, we are now living in a world, in which the reck- less and wasteful methods of the exploiter are a social menace and the creative methods of the scientific, soclally-minded business man a social necessity. The business man of yester- day could get along very well with the pioneer virtues and pioneer practices. The business man of tomorrow must have the engineer mind and be guided by a vision of cconomic states- manship. ‘Wasteful Exploiter. The pioneer, al_lhough a wasteful exploiter, is more than worth his bed and board because of the new territories he opens up. But unless he keeps moving on into newer and newer ter- ritories his virtues soon become obsolete and a heavy charge on soclety. As soclety develops, 'the ploneer must always be succeeded by the engineer and the statesgan. In the ploneer conquest of this continent the pioneer did not use fertilizer, because it was cheaper to move to new acreage when the old soll was depleted. He did not pick a tree clean of its fruits or its nuts; it was simpler to move to the next tree and pick from the easily accessible lower branches only. He did not conserve the buffalo and other game; the game supply seemed inexhaustible. Exploita- tion was actually cheaper than conservation. The paradox of ploneering is that, for the in- dividual pioneer, waste is economical. But when the last frontier was reached the ploneer had to change his methods or become a personal failure and a social liability. When there were no more new lands to preempt, the “old had to be fertilized. When fruits and nuts were no longer to be had just for the picking, orchards had to be planted and protected, and every tree had to be carefully picked. When the end of the game supply was in sight, game laws had to be drafted for its conservation, and cattle herds created and maintained. All this holds a lesson that we business men will do well to heed before we are compelled by costly experience to heed it. American business has reached its last frontier. I am referring not to the size of American business, but to the sort of policies it must follow. We are entering a perfod in which policies of ex- ploitation that smack of the anti-soclal waste- fulness of the pioneer will not be profitable. Only a broader and more scientific approach will epable the business man of the future to survive, to say nothing ef succeeding in any large sense. (Continued on' Eleventh Page.) ‘The Story i:he Week Has Told BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is a :brief sum- mary of the most important news of the world for the seven . days ended February 5: * ok ok ok Germany —It seems to me of quite ullar importance that the Demo- :::L‘c, party refused participation in Dr. Marx’s* new - Bourgeois bloc cab: h one of ‘the smaller ;‘:;LMT?:‘I‘:GIHM ‘more good political Reads than_any -other party, It 18 therefore dangerous in oppo-luary;. ’: government's Reichstag m“anltg e But o precarious one. It is sald | be only 22, including the 21 members of the Economic Union, which group, refusing to participate in the govern- ment, has only provisionally engaged to support it. * Dr. Wirth, the former d a scarcely . ::.m‘i!:rtfilrn Marx, has temporarily from- the Centrist party, and vigorously opposes the government. “The likelihood is conceded that a con- |4 tion of the Centrist group ::-.d:xlr'i:l:;mg will follow him into opposition “upon “yt reactionary the ‘government. m?;'hegb)}u'olfl of power of the new gov- ernment is thus'seen: to bo-pretomv ous and ~would seem.- dependent on lovalty of -the- Nationalists to the given. tion: admission to participa- tion ge::l’l:r as of adhesion to'the republic, to_the League of Nations and to the L 0 -pacts; of republi- canization of the army. by breaking its contacts with associations disloyal to the republic and by provision for its recruitment from ‘loyal elements only; and of effart toward rapproche- ment with, France «as the means of ridding_ the remaining servitudes. Though no doubt’ the French will dis- y a certain aloofness pending sub- stantial evidence of a Nationalist good faith, if indeed the N:'tlmlkut repre- quietus to proper secu the republic.. 'rh‘:g'-“mmtmu ‘bewildering, up- side-down, unreal, about the idea in view of the Nationalists’ record, but some astute observers this long time past assured us that the ‘Nationalist leaders had. ceased to be monarchist at heart, but dissembled their love for the nrubll: in consideration of tituents. m%‘;'%:l;l::mdz. a- certain suspension of judgment would seem to be the “ticket.” Germans ylelded Apparently the o S0 the the almost completely to LS A compro- and of Loetzen in East Prussia) over against the Polish - frontlers. re- ported, the German ylelding in this compromise is also very great. are told that Germany has agreed to maintenance of a 50-kilometer un- fortified zone on her frontiers, march- ing with Poland, to destroy all forti- fications within that zone 'and all other fortifications or extensions of pre- yiously existing works on her eastern frontiers constructed since 1920, and, such - destruetion ‘eftected, solemnly to declare that no secret fortifications exist. and ,that . no, ather fortifications will be constructed, except as author- 1zed by the commission which 1s. henceforth: to supervise German grmament, S AT by them as the condi- |, Reichstag legislation is required to give effect to the agreements. The Allled Commission of Military Control in Germany was abolished on January 31, and supervision of Ger- man armament was thereupon auto- matically transferred to the League of Nations. German pedestrians have organized for self-preservation. and are making a drive for “an even chance of cross. ing the street without aceident. = * kK oW Italy.—The world has not paid suf- ficlent attention to the most important recent development of Fascismo—the energetic movement toward strict Fascistization of education. Here- after the Fascist ranks are to be re- cruited almost solely from those who have recelved a thorough Fascist education and training. At the age of 8 the future Fascist enters .the Balilla organization, and for 6 years he is a Balillist. At 14 he enters. the Avanguardia and therein receives a thorough military training. On March 23, (birthday of Fascismo) following s arrival at the age of 18, he is (if found worthy) solemnly admitted to the privileges of a full-fledged Fascist. On the coming March 31, about 150,- 000 initiates will be forthcoming. The education of Itallan youth is rapidly passing out of the hands of the church. A completely Fascisticized Italy will (perhaps it would be safer say “would”) be interesting. * koK% China.—Nothing could-be more edi- fying and nothing should be more interesting than to follow closely the evolution of the great Chinese drama. The most important development of 1 the past week was the suspension of the negotiations that had long been in process.at Hankow between Eugene Chen, foreign minister of the National- ist government, and Mr.. O'Malley, counselor of the British legation at Peking. An agreement respecting the British concessions at Hankow and Kiukiang had been drawn up, was ready fof signature, when Mr. Chen declared that, though the agreement was in itself satisfactory, he would not sign it because under the circum- stances (the great British naval con- centration in Chinese waters, and the recent dispatch of British military and naval reinforcements for China), his signature thereof would be repudi- able as glven under duress. He would sign the agreement pre- pared and would proceed to negotiate toward a general agreement upon an end made to British show of force; no before. It 18 widely and perhapr rightly thought that this dramatic proceeding of Chen’s was inspired by Borodin, the Soviet Rusalan adviser tc the Nationalist government; it has the Muscovite bouquet. That the British government would be bluffed into recalling the reinforce. ment can hardly have been expecte” by Chen or Borodin. But the rumo is plausible enough that the Britis} avill propose a compromise arrange- ‘ment, aimed to turn the bluff to their own advantage, by offering to deflect the reinforcements to Hongkong on condition of immediate conclusion of the agreement respecting Hankow, of a pledge by the Nationalist gov- ernment to negotiate briskly toward a general settlement on the basis of the recent British proposals, and of a satisfactory arrangement con- templating the security of foreign- ers, especially in Shanghal, pending the results of negotiations covering all the international issues, Under such an arrangenient the British Dfil':fifln (one would mot'hl suppose, _ have o Pup bl detachment recently, at Shanghaj Avithdrawn) would be I scarcely more invidious as. regards show. of force than that of the United ~States ot Japan. longkong is even more definitely British terri- tory than Manila is American. It is worthy of remark that within the past week we have dispatched Chin ward . three “Washington treat: crulsers and a regiment of Marines (whatever - their nominal destina- tion, they are to be readily available for an emergency in China)., But really there’s no limit to the possi- bilities, especially since the Moder- ates and Extremists in the Kuomin- tang are pulling in opposite direc- tions and Borodin's powerful influ- ence may always. be counted on against Pacific compromise, The concession offered in the Brit- ish proposals simultaneously present- ed to the Peking and . Nationalist governments, looking to a general settlement, represent, ] should say, the minimum of what Britain is pre- to grant, though apparently in Some respects more liberal than Mr, Kellogg’s offers. Great Britain entertains equal af- fection for Wu Chang and Peking. How ‘happy could she be with either were the other dear charmer away. ~There is some hope that this state ©of happiness will be effected by elimi- nation of one or the other charmer, foy the Nationalists have begun their grand drive in Chekiang Pfovince, aimed to wrest Shanghal. from Mdr. shal Sun Chuan Feng, and_there is rumor of ‘a mighty struggle in im- mediate prospect in Honan Province, f,o:lee;‘u ol:x (;hl.ns T;o Lin and Wu .ving combine against Hnnkgw. e o * ok ok United States of Senate has umnlmoumTh: resolution proposing Postponement until July 1, 1928, of application of the “national origins” quota pro- Visions of ‘the immigration act, on the ground that the data so far as. sembled are quite insufficient for jmst determination of the newly established principle. There are a great many Wwho vigorously contend that such de- termination is quite impossible and Would retaln the present quota rule. The reply Is that in. this contention the wish is father to the thought. On Tuesday the Senate passed, 49 to 27, an amendment to the naval appropriation bill proposing an ap- propriation of ‘$1,200,000 for com- mencement of work on three scout crulsers authorized in 1924, but toward construction of which no ap- propriation has been made. (Without such appropriation the authorization would lapse June 30 this year.) The House by a narrow majority rejected a similar amendment. There promises to be a pretty fight in conference over the matter and later/ should the conferees favor the amendment, in the House. On Friday, the Senate gave a coup de grace to Democratic plans for tax reduction by passing, 46 to 33, a resolu- tion to the éffect that “it is the sense of the Senate that any surplus now in the Treasury arising from taxation should be applied toward payment of the national debt.’ On the fate of the new McNary- Haugen farm relief bill, which pre- sumably will soon be put to a vote, a very great deal depends, politically and economically. Presumably the legislators are thoroughly informed as to the ecomomlc “tendencies which find expression in the bill, which in its equalization fee and other salient features does not differ ‘essentially from the bill of the same name which was rejected at|big the last session. There are other farm rellef bills not without iriterest to the agrarian phl_luo_ybgr whlc_h, would like to get themselves passed, as the Aswell bill and the Curtis- Crisp bill (not displeasing to the ad- ministration if rumor is correct). It is enough to say of the radio measure agreed on by the conferees of House and Senate that it is gen- erally accepted as satisfactory; at least, for the immediate future. It should at any rate end the broad- casting- chaos. 1t may be found necessary to amend it later so as more adequately to cover the fleld ofTiomineJclal radio. e National Assembly 6f Pa; has resolved, 39 to 7, to “susn:ex:g consideration of the treaty signed in Washington on July 26, 1926, by the Plenipotentiaries of Panama and the United States until such time as the executive power may have had an opportunity to negotiate once more that which may be necessary to obtain solutions fully satistactory to the aspirations of the nation.” Capt. George H. Wilkins, whose gallant efforts of last year to expore the funexplored region” between Point Barrow, Alaska, and the Pole were baffled by so many kinds of hard luck, is to make another try. He will leave Seattle on February 15 with the four other members of hiv expedition, including Carl Eielson, pilot, and Howard Mason, radio oper.. ator, who were with his last year. He will take along two Stinson planes of 1,500-mile range and at Fairbanks, where he 1s scheduled to ;‘:TJ(: e February 23, a great r n - i hfim e of 3,000-mile range The party will fly from to Point Barrow, the base ofi‘lnl:;bvlv::'(l: of exploration. The Norge party saw but a narrow strip of. the “unexplored reglon” most of which is still unex. ploredrand the question remains quite oben as to whether or no there’s land in that vast expanse.’ One wishes for the intrepid Wilkins that he'll have no repetition of hard luck; that he'll ?fio:;mmidan;i win immortal fame. n is named Arctic Expedition. e e * k ok x otes.—The Spanish govern has indefinitely postponed the corx:\":'xl\t- ing of the New National Assembly, which had been announced for Feb. ruary 1. The developments in that connection are -extremely obsoure. The first recorded airplane suicide Is reported from Spain; the self-vie- :l::gbelng athari;lan engineer, pas- er on e Toulou: M; Lh;le. se-Casablance nother army mutiny in Portugal. The mutineers demand that the ;g:‘l ernment (Gen. Carmona Is self-consti- tut‘ed Preu(;den:m and minister of wa resign and that the ° constituti regime be restored. H o) The Greek Chamber of Deputies has voted an amendment to the Greek constitution restoring the Senate, which was abolished in 1862, Small Bulgarian Army Ordered Cut -Not content with ignoring the re- quest of Bulgaria that it be relieved of the. expensive military control, which is ridiculous, considering the much larger armies of Jugoslavia, Rumania and Greece, the Council of Ambassadors has absurdly ordered the Bujgarians further to reduce their small army. ‘The peace treaty is cited as the for this demand. It seems that the «the little entente, and tle ‘entente of the Balkans from prevent any pos- Bulgaria, " o 'SCHOOL FOR DETECTIVES NEED IN SOLVING CRIME Based on His Experience, Eminent Author Commends Practical Edu- cation of Peace Guardians. | apprehending 18,000 leaves 155,000. Calculati Y mortality figures, about 20,000 o these murderers have died in the last 20 years. The residue is 135,000 un accounted’ for murderers, concludes the jurist—50,000 more than all the policemen in all the cities of th Union today, a larger number 10,000 than the standing Army of the Nation and a larger number by 15,000 than the militia of the State “But while improving our sclence o criminals would help there is a bigger step than that to be | taken."” Hits “Tabloid” Newspaper. "hat is that?” T queried. “We must make war to the death on the so-called tabloid newspaper and bring about a general reform in the way papers handle their crime news,"” said Mr. Reeve. “I peak particulari of the tablold newspaper. That has become the greatest promoter of crime in the country. Do you recall the fa- mous Chapman trial? Did you notice how the tabloids took the sunken brow of Chapman and had an artist elevate it so that it resembled that of Cicero, put pince-nez glasses on his nose that gave him a look of distinc- tion, circulated the wildest rumors about his innocence, told enthusias tcally of his courage and manliness in short, madé him a super-hero as well as a super-bandit? Now the trut! was that Chapman was horribly low brow looking and he was not a suc cessful bandit, having passed two thirds of his career under lock and key. But the tabloid newspapers cap italized Chapman as a sort of genius about to be murdered by a hard-bolled soclety. Such ‘papers struck moun tainous blows at the stability of our courts by their insinuations of his in nocence. All this made good copy and sold papers, but it also multiplied criminals. It made the murderer look heroic. It propagated deadly psychol 0gy to thousands of young boys, who came to see in Chapman's career something really adventurous and ro mantle. Tabloids and papers which pander to the commercialization of murder and lewduess are creating crime and criminals and wayward boys." Issue Up to the Press. “What is to be done?" I asked, “Some say the remedy is in the home,” answered Mr. Reeve. *“I say what chance has any mother to bring up law-abiding, uncriminally inclined children when newspaper filth and periodical rottenness abound all about them? Not even the most watchful mother can keep all of these out of their hands. About every child today is an environment of flith—one that plays up the heroic side of criminals, popularizes lewdness and immorality in the form of beautiful naked women displayed on front pages of tabloids. “Anything good can be done with a good press. And anything bad can be done with a bad press. In my day they used to speak of the Archi- medean lever of the press. That is a great truth. The press rules a coun- try for better or worse. Editors are really the guardians of our moral destiny. And until editors refuse to stoop to the call of the dollar and make criminals heroes and naked women fashionable we cannot hope to do much with crime or morality. “The remedy is simple. Play up the chances against peing a success- ful criminal. Play up the fact that crime doesn’t pay. Start that kind of a psychology and soon boys will BY WILLIS J. BALLINGER, | FEW weeks ago in New Or- leans the police stumbled on what they thought was a speak-easy. Three flights down they proceeded cau- At the foot of the stairs a large room. In it were seats with arms. A blackboard ran around the four walls. The floor rewn with chalk. And on the ackboard were detailed drawings on how to bomb a safe most effec- tively or force the door of a house noiselessly, One of the policemen picked up an abandoned notebook. | On its first page was scrawled: “First principle of crime—beware of fingerprints.” A college for crime with professors, students, blackboards, notebooks and lectures! I was on a Long Island train rumbling toward Setauket to have luncheon with Cralg Kennedy— America’s most famous scientific de tective—the Sherlock Holmes of this part of the world and the rival of the superb Lecoq of France. Later, as we sat in the sitting room of Mr. Arthur B. Reeve's beau- | tiful home, which he calls Lasaola, | I found my gaze torn between a | curiosity to look the famous creator | of Ci Kennedy over thoroughly | and the tendency to let it wander | out of the windows and view the wonderfu] scenery—an Inlet with the water only a few strides from the window, a’ great expanse of bay at the mouth of the cove, rolling hills, fresh breezes—a paradise of nature, “Cheerful Sleuth” and Normal Man. Somehow, I always thought a great detective would resemble the pattern of Sherlock Holmes—a wiry indi- vidual, tall and gaunt, with a long- drawn face rendered particularly impressive by a material frown—a lean, hungry, morbid look in ensemble of one who loves trails of blood and | the terrible. I was very much taken back when I saw Mr. Reeve, He looked far too normal and healthy to come up to my preconceived no- tions of a sleuth, He is stocky with a mirthful, boyish face. You would put him down as one raised on plenty of cream and milk, whose chief in- terests in life are sport and health. The frequency of his laugh, its heartiness, his general enthusiasm remind you of the college youth just off the campus. It is only by a use of will power that you belleve that you are talking to a detective and a famous criminologist. Few know it, but Reeve is one of the Nation's ablest criminologists. Before he ever wrote about Craig Kennedy he had done an enormous amount of research and investigation of crime. He had been called in con- sultation with many of the ablest ex- perts of our day, including Willlam J. Burns, whose picture hangs in his office. In three great murder cases he has played the part of an indepen- dent investigator who has turned up with unexpected clues. Out of this experience, supplement- ed with his work as scientific editor of Public Opinion and a Phi Beta Kappa key from Princeton, he created the imimortal Craig Kennedy, whose exploits are followed eagerly by mil- lions of fans. When Theodore Roose- velt was {ll in a hospital his refuest was: “If Reeve has a new Craig Kennedy story get it for me quick.” College for Detectives. “What do I think about the school for crime you speak of?” sald Mr. Reeve. ‘“Well, why not a college for detectives. Crime is no longer the simple matter it was a few centuries ago when a youngster like Oliver Twist was broken in by a Fagin with a few clever tricks of pocketpicking or window climbing. The modern criminal is making use of science. And those who are after the criminal must do the same. Catching criminals is no longer a matter of brawn and a little common sense. Today the suc- cessful unraveling of a crime may in- volve the chemist’s test tube, the lab- oratory of the sclentist, a knowledge of botany or of physics. An ink spot, a finger print under the microscope of the scientific investigator become talkative witnesses. “Why, therefore, should not detec- tives be given good training in science? There is no reason why be- ing a good detective should not be a very much respected profession. I, for one, would look very highly upon a eprofession that stood between me and murderers, especially if they were trained men with intelligence and education. We have a very fa- mous school for detectives and police- men already in California. It is a very successful experiment. Why not add to its good work by having our universities provide special courses for the trailing of crime? Murder Army Loose. “Murder is getting to be no joke in America,” said Reeve. “Why do you say that?” 1 asked. “A very noted American jurist— Carrington Tanner = Marshall—chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio,” said Mr. Reeve, “‘says that there are loose in the United States at this min- ute 185,000 murderers who have never paid the penalty for their deeds. Ho reckons that number as follows: It is safe to say we have had 175,000 un- lawful murders in the last 20 years. Our annual average is 10,000. Have we had 175,000 convictions and exe- cutions? Fact is, that less than 1,500 men have paid the death penalty in 20 years. Take 2,000 from 175,000 to be “generous, and we have 173,000 be abandoning crime. Keep hammer- ing In the single point that crime does not pay. The same point can be played up in a variety of ways. But if it is played up effectively our crime problem is solved. Melodrama Anti-Crime Remedy. “A few years ago,” continued Mr. Reeve, “a movement was started to abolish the melodrama in the movies because some people feared it caused anti-crime remedy. In a melodrama is in reality the safest kind of an anti-crime remedy. In a melodrama the villain is always defeated, the heroine always escapes, the hero is always triumphant. These misgulded reformers did not see that the press should have been their point of at- tack. “Can we hope for strong editors who will risk handsome profits so as not to poison society? It is our only hope. I am quite pessimistic about the times. Today we are writ- ing filth and selling it by high- powered salesmanship and calling it great literature. Everywhere there is trash and shoddiness. Nowhere is there a hopeful spirit of proportion and a true sense of value.” Are We Declining? “You once expounded that belief in one of your Craig Kennedy books, didn’t you?” I asked. in Atavar,” replied Mr. . “But the theory is biologically sound I think,” he continued. of the first signs of death in the bio- logical world is a loss of proportion. You have seen those little animals known as trilobites in the museum. You have seen how they evolved into such complex and weird shapes that they were unable to move and were killed by their enemles. Dinosaurs were out of proportion—too much body and not enough brains. They, too, were swallowed up by evolution. Have you ever looked at the last stages of Gothic architecture in Europe? The last stages were a flamboyant period when the great craving was sensation and variety and queer shapes. Original Gothic architect lost its sense of propor- tion and died. Our civilization seems to have lost its sense of proportion and to value poisons. It seems to fall for things that, if we had a sense of proportion, would be shunned. How murderers to account for.still. To- day there are less than 18,000 mur- derers in our prisons. One hundred and seventy-three thousand minus mi longer we can keep going I don’t know S The wonder is that we keep going. (Cobyright. 1927.) Constitution Is Target 1,350 Times In 38 Years, Recent Check-Up Shows (Continued from First Page.) amendment, by Representative Hard- wick, Georgia, 1907; to abolish the United States Senate, by Representa- tive Berger, Wisconsin, 191 rohibit- ing third term for President, by Sen- ator Reed, Missouri, 1912; providing a term of 12 years for judges of the Su- preme and inferior Federal courts, with right of reappointment, by Sen- ator Reed, Missouri, 1913; granting Congress power to purchase land any- where in United States and to hold, improve and sell, to make loans to en- courage farm owrin’xi-‘hlp, t‘:{ mflan‘n:zr‘ Sheppard, Texas, ; pro g no law be held unconstitutional by the Supreme Court without the con- currance of all but two of the justices, by Representative Hayden, Arizona, 1917; providing that Presidents, upon expiration of their, terms, become members at large of the Senate, and Vice Presidents, at expiration of their terms, befome members at large of the House, by Representative Hayes, “alifornia, 1917; providing that Con- ess shall not have power to declare ar until the question has been de- ded by a popular referendum, by epresentative DIill (now Senator), hington, power to enact laws to prevent lynch- ing, by Representative Emerson, Ohio, 1919; providing ratification of all treaties by majority vote in both Senate and House; outlawing war, and declaring against preparation for or carrying on war, by Senator Frazier, North Dakota, 1926; providing for equal right for men and women, by Senator Curtls, Kansas, 1925, Air Line Due to Span Sahara Desert Soon It will soon be a matter of 48 hours ]—‘-lby air—from Algiers to the River iger. An airline across the Sahara linking Algeria. with the big, valuable posses- sions of France in black Africa, which the French government has been studying seriously, will be a reality, possibly this year. Announcement of the project was made before the French Parllament by the minister of war and the director of the air servico after an Algerian deputy stressed the need of a trans-Saharan aerlal service. An ropriation of some million francs (a franc—19.3 dents) is being 1918; Congress shall haverasect aside. .