Evening Star Newspaper, December 19, 1926, Page 61

EDITORIAL PAGE NATIONAL PROBLEMS SPECIAL FEATURES EDITORIAL SECTION he Sunday St 1926. MORNING, DECEMBER 19, u Really Kuown Him? By BRUCE BARTON et WASHINGTON, D. C., SUNDAY Have Yo Part2_16 Pages HALF OF WORLD IS NOW GOVERNED BY DICTATORS Eleven Countries, Comprising Hundreds of Millions, Under Despots; U. S. Recognizes All But Russia. ITALY PUTS BALKAN AREA ON EDGE BY ALBANIA PACT RAEBURN VAN‘,;UR.BI ame Issue That Troubled Section Be- fore World War Is Seen Emphasized . "by Treaty. You remember the first of His miraclee— or perhaps you do not. Too often those who claim His name have preferrad to forget that miracle. It does not fit in with the picture of Him that they have wrought. He was at a wedding party with His mother and some friends where the merriment ran NCE we stand upon the threshold of His birthday, let me introduce you to the most attractive, most delightful young man in the world. You have never known Him as He really is; all the pictures ever drawn misrep- resent Him. They have made Him out a BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. |military directorate.” Alfonso still ALF of the inhabited globe, | 'elgns at Madrid, but Rivera rules. BY FRANK H. SIMONDS. HE erisis which has of three different tribes, the Slovenes latel of the Austrian lands north and eaat hundreds of millions of civil. | The caliber of Rivera's autocracy was ized human beinge and alto- gether nearly a dozen coun tries are now ruled by dic- tators or governed under dictatorshi With the exception of Soviet Russ the United States maintains official relations with® them all. In nearly every case these autocracies or semi autocracies are here to stay, though tomorrow, or next month. or next year, new despots. more or less benev. olent..may he at their head. The list of countries in which these conditions prevail in varying degrees are as follows: Italy, Russia, Spain, China, Hungary, Poland, Venezuela, Belgium. Japan, Greece and Mexico. Belgium and Japan are not con- trolled by dictatorships of the Musso- lini pattern. but their respective mon archs enjov very far-reaching sov- ereign power. That which vested in Albert, King of the Beigians, came to him within recent times. It Was not seized, as many dictators have obtained their power, but granted by legal process through act of the Bel- glan Parllament. King Albert was clothed with wide authority over the finances of his realm. purely as a measure of economic wisdom. ticular purpose was to stabilize inter nal conditions. The Belgian “dictator- ship” is accomplishing that purpose. Albert uses his sovereignty wisely. Japan has a parliament and a con stitution, but the Emperor combines in himself the rights of sovereignty and exercises the whole of the execu- tive powers under the advice of cabi- net ministers responsible to him alone. The Emperor can declare war, make peace and conclude treaties. He can sanction laws, convene Parliament, opan, close and dissolve it at will. The Prince Regent, who has been Japan's ruler in fact since the Emperor was stricken with {llness in 1921, wields the same autocratic powers as the Mikado possesses. The omnipotence of the Japanese imperial “dictator- =hip” 18 the greater because of Japan's sacred reverence for the imperial per- Sonage. Mussolini Rule Supreme. Italy and Russia present the era's most conspicuous examples of dicta- torship. Benito Mussolini rules su- preme in his country, although his sway has the nominal sanction of par- liamentary law and royal assent. ““The Duce” reigns as prime minister, with the cabinet portfolios of foreign affairs and interior affairs. Theoreti- cally, the Italian Parliament makes Ttaly's laws. In fact, it makes only those la: that Mussolini approves and dictates. Italy is thriving under the Mussolini autocraey. All authori- ties agree that only assassination of its dominating figure can bring it down. Russia's dictatorship comes through no psuedo-parliamentary sanction, as Italy's does. Leon Stalin, secretary general of the Communist party, ranks throughout the world as the present Czar of Russia. His power is derived from his leadership of the internal _political organization _that bosses Russia. Alexis Rykoff holds the presidency of the people’s com missars—the rank and title with which Lenin was clothed. But Stalin is the outstanding figure. No man's sway in the Bolsehvist realm ap- proaches Stalin's power today. He represents the new Communist trend tsat has made a successful drive at the Russian peasantry as the future bul- wark of Sovietism as opposed to the theory of the Trotsky group, which has sought to make communized in- dustrialism the red sheet anchor. Spain presents the newest idea in European dictatorships in the formid- able person of Gen. Primo de Rivera, who incorporates in himself the post | to restore itself to a constitutional re- is now | 1ts par- | exemplified earlier this vear when he stamped out a military revolt that King’s vanished power. Monarchy Without Ruler. Hungary Ltctator” i Admiral Nicholas Horthy, who was elected ‘“re gent” in March, 1920. Hungary. though it nominally became a republic after the World War break-up of the old dual monarchy, looks upon itself today as a monarchy with a vacant throne, the functions of the monarch being exercised by 4 regent. It has been decided thag the dynastic ques tion shall be solved at such time as the people are freed from external pressure. Greece is making a vigorous attempt public, following this year's banish- ment of Gen. Pangalos from the pre- miership. Pangalos formally pro- claimed that he was a dictator. A constitutional ministry is now en throned at Athens and making genu- ime efforts to re-enthrone the rule of the people, but conditions are chaotic and their present tranquil aspect may turn out to be ephemeral. The Pan | galos party thirsts for revenge and| return. Poland is still another European country in which dictatorship prevalls. Tse boss of the show there is Gen. Pilsudski, who not long ago by a min-| istry coup de’etat overthrew the civil- | ian” government of Stanislaus Woc- jechowski and installed in its slwu‘ll a regime of bayonets. Gen. Pilsudski 1s nominally in the background, but it is his strong hand that moves thej men of government on the Warsaw chessboard. Dictators Flood China. Far-off China swarms with dictator. ships. Virtually every province of the vast “republic’ is a separate autoc racy, with a war lord (tu-chun) wield- ing power in complete contempt of anything the so-called central govern- ment at Peking does or say. Chang-tso-lin, war lord of Manchu- ria, is China's outstanding dictator. The autocrats who govern south China at Canton rule through a well con- trolled dictatorship. Mongolia is a dictatorship in which Bolshevist au- thority, more or less directly regu- lated from Moscow, is at the helm. In the Western Hemisphere - the United States has virtual dictator- ship at its southernmost door—in Mexico. President Plutarco Calles is nominally a constitutional ruler, like Mussolini in Italy and Rivera in Spain, but his own word is Jaw. Calles is sufficlently potent, bevond question, of his own volition to bring about peace and amity over the land and oil laws with the United States. He Is personally empowered with enough authority te defy Uncle Sam, as to date he has done. A classic example of dictatorship prevails in Venezuela, in South Amer- jca. There, at Caracas, often the scene of bit diplomatic conflict with the United States. Gen. Juan Vicente Gomez, who assumed office in 1922, rules as a dictator-president. His power, like that of many dictators, rests on an invincible foundation of bayonets. When this writer was In Rome in 1924 he had the privilege of confab with Benito Mussolini. Mussolini bit- terly resented the American imputa- tion that he is a dictator. He said that he was a thorough student of the United States Constitution. In ac- cents of great conviction, Mussolini | insisted that the President of the United States constitutionally is en- dowed with vastly more autocratic | power than any Mussolini that ever | lived. i of prime minister and “head of the (Cosvright. 1926.) sought to re-establish a vestige of lhp' afraid. Him? ing? cross. into His garden. weakling, a woman'’s features with a beard— He who for thirty years swung an adz and drove a saw through heavy timbers, who for long days tramped the horders of His loved lake, and would not sleep indoors if He could slip awa An outdoor man He was, a man’s man, who could stand and watch when all His friends deserted Him in sleep, and could face the tempest in a little boat, calm-eyed and un- They have called Him a pacifist. How could they forget that day, I wonder, when in the midet of the hard-faced crowd He stood. and, braiding a little whip, drove them out before Think you it was only the glance of right- eous anger in His eye that sent them scurry- I tell you that behind that little whip were muscles of iron, made strong by many years of labor, and a spirit that never once knew fear, not even in the presence of the 1 have met men longfaced and sorrowful. wagging their heads bitterly over the evil of the world, and by their very joylessness add- ing to that evil. And in their hearts they sup- posed that they were representing Him. Think of it—representing Him, to whom little children flocked with joyous laughter, and men, besceching Him to have dinner with them in their homes! high. 1In the midst of it they came to Him in consternation. The wine had given out. So He performed His first miracle. Just to save a hostess from embarrassment—and He thought it worth.a miracle. Just to save a group of simple folk from having their hour trusted to Him. ideal dimmed by age. can love. Copyright, 1926. MORGENTHAU DOUBTS DANGER | RICAN-JAPANESE WAR| OF AME Economic Structure Would Be Disas- trously Affected by Any Serious Change in Present Relations, He Says." . i BY HENRY MORGENTHAU, Former Ambassador to Turkes. Japan is the Great Britain of the Far East. She is a great nation, whose development in the past 50 years has been as phenomenal as that of any other power in the world. She has evolved out of an isolated island country into a recognized world powar. There are no gatherings or combinations of world powers, no mat- ter how small a number, where Japan is not invited to a seat at the head table. This is entirely due to her great strength in all kinds of activi- ties—commereial, industrial, political, military and naval. An acquaintance with the Japanese as they really are, and what their con- dittons and surroundings and stand- ing on the Pacific are. however, promptly removes from almost every one a!l fear of any immediate or even remote differences or conflict between our two nations. because. economi cally, it is absolutely unthinkable that | either power would ever resort force for the adjustment of any dif- ferences. Any serfous change in the relations hetween our twn countries would most disastrously affect their econom- | commerce of the world from the Medi- | ing significance of this, when fully | terranean, literally to the nations bor- | recognized, makes this news of sensa- ie structure. Last vear the United States bought $110.000,000 of Japanese raw silk: this was 93 per cent of the most valuable export product of Ja pan. The United States also took 80 per cent of her export of Rrass rugs, 45 per cent of her camphor, which comes from Formosa: 51 per cent of her brushes, 38 per cent of her pot- tery and 30 per cent of all her toys sent abroad American imports to Japan still fur ther demonstrate to all intelligent people the evident necessity for Japan and the great desirability for the she are not to be rivals for the su, premacy of the Pacific, but are to be joint custodians for the maintenance of peace in the Far East. It is only through thelr hearty and sincere co- operation that this can be accom-| plished. ! The development of Japan has been | a rounded one, and while the three| most populous powers of Asia—China, India and Russla—are each for dif- ferent reasons struggling with tre- mendous internal problems and all three are heterogeneous masses, Japan | is a homogeneous country, relatively | Tree from internal difficulties and | the student that the tremendous up- set and unrest among that vast part of humanity, the 850,000,000 who re- side in China, India, Russfa and Japan, is going to be the great problem of the immediate future. The English- speaking people and Japan will play most important parts in solving it. Although the Weather Bureau re- cently told us of the coming and of the path of the southern tornado, we could do nothing to stop it and little to escape its damage. Fortunately, it is quite different with this impending, possible catastrophe. It would be al- most criminal if we again were to trust to blind luck as to what we should do. We must prepare ourselves for our part in this drama, and it undoubt- edly consists in preventing war. To do this we not only must be prepared, but we must let the world know that we are prepared and determined to co-operate with all peaceful nations, and particularly with Japan, to see that peace is maintained on the Pacific. It is most important that we en- deavor to restore the very friendly relations that we had with Japan prior to the passage of the exclusion act. Nothing should be left undone to have the peoples of the two coun- tries learn to know, respect and trust each other. (Copyright. 1926.) steadily improving their people and intelligently fitting them for the lead- | ership of the Pacific states. | Japan has a much more intelligent | understanding than any of the Furo- pean countries of how the Chinese desire to be treated, and she is acting | toward them accordingly and steadily | improving their relation. And when | the door Into China is finally opened | for all powers, it will be found that | to|Japan has at least one and possibly | |t has now been proved. | both her feet on the threshold. | The atorm center of politics is mov- ing to the Pacific. Just as the discov- |ery of America changed the center of dering on the Atlantic. so have the | Panama Canal, the recent war and | the tremendously increased commer- cial importance of the United States | hastened the transfer of the center of International trade to the United States. | Our activities are no longer con- |fined to the United States and the | European countries, but are stretch ing westward far beyond the Ha. | waitan and Philippine Islands. Let us, like statesmen, look Into the future and prepare for it. BY HERBERT MYRICK, ‘Editor of the New England Homestead. The really biggest news of the day has been smothered by popular inter- est in minor matters. No less than 5,000,000 horsepower may be gener- ated in the rapids of the St. Lawrence, ‘This would almost double the present developed hydro-electricity in the United. States | —“more than half the world's present developed water power. The far-reach- tional economic import. "This power may be utilized at rela- tively small expense. It will be a by- | product of the navigation works re quired by the channel, 25 feet deep, | from Montreal to Lake ports. Half of the power and all of the navigation | improvement may be obtained forth- | with at a cost_of about $400,000,000. Assuming that 76 per cent of this out- | lay represents navigation works, the | investment for 2.700,000 horsepower | would be only about $100,000,000. Such capital outlay would be only $37' per HUGE ST. LAWRENCE POWER WOULD REVOLUTIONIZE NATION Giving Country' Cheaper Electricity Than Cities De- clared Means of Curtailing Congestion in Large Centers. appointed by the United States and Canada in June, 1924, have reported that the available power is vastly greater than heretofore realized, the battle for this energy becomes of un- precedented intensity. Hence the farming interests of the whole country are lining up to de mand that the United States and Can- ada construct, maintain and operate the St. Lawrence project for naviga- tion and power under these condition 1. This power must bhe sold through- out rural districts at a lower price than in towns and cities. 2. St. Law- rence power must he as available throughout New England, New Jer- sey and much of Pennsylvania as throughout the Empire State. Farmers realize why power should be cheaper in the country than in eity. Otherwise the present evils of de- population In country and overpopula- tion in congested cities will continue to go from bad to worse. On the other hand, power for 1 cent per kilowatt hour throughout the rural districts not only will transform farming and farm life, but by drawing manufac- tures away from the great centers | | { of joy cut short—it was for such a cause, He thought, that His divine power had been in- No one ever felt His goodness a cloud upon the company. No one ever laughed less heart- ily because He had joined the group. His was the gospel of joyfulness: His the message that the God of men would have them travel hap- pily with Him, as children by a Father's side, not as servants shuffling behind. They killed Him, of course, in the end, and cometimes I am almost glad—glad that He died at thirty-three, with youth still athrob in His veins, and never an illusion lost or an Claim Him, you who are young and love life; let no man dispute your claim. For He, too, was young, and is; He, too, loved laughter and life. Old age and the creeds have long: I offer Him now to you—not in creed, but in truth—Jesus of Nazareth, the joyous companion, the young man whom young men 'had Him too U. S. EXPORTS ARE BUT SMALL PROPORTION OF TOTAL TRADE Are Only To Pay For Needed Roads At Home And Are Due Largely To High Standards Of Living . In This Country, Says Klein. BY JULIUS KLEIN. Director, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce The forelgn trade of the United States {s immense in absolute value, but in proportion to population it is surpassed by many countries and in proportion to national income it is comparatively small. The explanation is simple. This is a country of ex- ceptionally varjed and rich resources and of highly developed and diversi- fied industries. Tt is able to produce at home most of what it requires, and since the primary purpose of export ie to pay for needed goods: from out side, exports are relatively modest, the great bulk of our products find- ing their market at home. Although our exports reach nearly $5,000,000,000 annually, they represent less than 10 per cent of the transportable goods which we produce, to say nothing of the great volume of ‘non-movable goods and services. This situation is A most fortunate one, since prosperity is measured not by the volume of for- eign trade but by the volume of total trade, domestic and foreign alike. The imports of this country would be much smaller were it not for the high standards of living—the ability of people to afford exotic raw ma- terials and foodstuffs of a luxury or semi-luxury character, and of which less wealthy countries are able to buy comparatively little. Tropical and semi-tropical products make up the great bulk of our foreign purchases. Unlike the countries of western Europe, we are fortunate in not hav- ing to import basic foodstuffs. How- ever, with the further rise in our standards of living we shall no doubt seek abroad ever-increasing quantities of commodities, and consequently ‘we must continue to bulld up our foreign sales. Trade Has Grown Rapidly. consumption. More and more it will be manufactured goods that must pay for our increasing imports and for tourist expenditures, immigrant re- mittances, and similar items. The notion that the great blow dealt y the war to®the industrial coun- les of Europe is the cause of the expansion of our exports is utterly without foundation. Our share of the world trade is no doubt greater than 1t would have been had normal prog- ress In Europe continued, but it is made up largely of our specialties, which Burope had never exported in quantities before the war. Europe Is Recovering. As a matter of fact, the exports of European countries, deeply cut not by our competition but by their in- ability to produce for\sale abroad, in the face of their mighty war effort, are now recovering rapldly, and the world is again in the swing of the normal progress of civilization. Al- though this progress brings with it the development of manufacturing in- dustries in the newer and more back- ward countrles, that does not cut down thelr demand for manufactured goods from the more highly indus- trialized countries; on the contrary, it enhances the demand. 3 the export trade of the U States shall in the mturn,h:s‘nmifig before the war, expand faster than that of the industrial countries of Europe, it will be not because they are injured by our competition, but because good fortune has put this country in position to increase it pro. duction more rapidly than most others. Our underlying strength in .world markets merely reflects the efficiency of our production. This in turn is due both to our rich natural resources and to human factors, such as the general spread of education, the spirit of fair play as between em ployer and employe, the willingness of business men to co-operate, and between Italy and Albania | serves to draw attention of the | ¢ world to what was only a few | area in Europe, and to a question | which almost precipitated the World | War a year before it actually did come. | In the first Balkan war, of 1912, the league of small Balkan countries, Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia and Mont- negro, finally broke the Turkish power | in_Europe and threw Turkish rule definitely back to the Thracian areas | immedtately covering Constantinople | and the straits and sea which sep. | arate Europe from Asia. | In the parceling out of the estate | of the conquered Turk, the Albanian | area had been divided by a pre-war | agreement between Greece and Serbia, with the Skumbi River as the part- ing line of the two spheres. This| river very nearly cuts the present state of Albania in half. Following the victo however, Austria and Italy intervened to pre. vent this allocation of Turkish ter. ritory. Austria was wholly unwilling that Serbia should have an outlet on | the sea. and thus escape that economic | and political restraint which had ex- | isted and must continue until | Serbla was able to communicate with | the outside world and thus obtain markets which were beyond Austrian control. For by closing the Austro- Hungarian boundary to Serblan prod- uets, Austria was able to exercise po- litical pressure upon Belgrade. Adriatic Sea Control. For Italy, the possession by Greece of Valona and the eastern shore of the Straits of Otranto was the denial of the national aspirations of the Ital- ian people to obtain and hold the con- trol of the Adriatic Sea. Italian policy here is wholly analagous to that of British in centuries past, when they occupled and tried to hold Calais on the opposite side of the Straits of Dover. Italy, too, saw in a growing Greece a rival commercially in the Near East, and a possible instrument in hands of some great power in thwarting Italian aspirations, both political and economic in the Aegean. Accordingly, Italy and Austria com- bined to veto Greek and Serbian plans. But since Russia backed Ser- bia, the question became European and in the state of European anarchy at the moment threatened to precipi- tate a general war, because Germany was bound to support Italy and Aus- tria, and Russia could rely upon both France and Great Britain, as was dis- closed later when the murder of the archduke produced the crisis and ca- tastrophe of July, 1914. In the-end Russia yielded and there was created the state of Albania, which exists at the present moment. While the Albanian people are distinct raclally from the Slav and Greek peo- ples on their borders, they have no tradition of national unity and are divided by profound religious differ- ences, since the tribes are in part Roman Catholic, in part Mohamme- dan and-in part Greek Catholic. Battleground in War. Before the new -state of Albania had been actually put in running con- dition the World War came and Al bania was at once a battleground. Through it the Serbs retreated after their’ defeats in 1915. Later, Italian armies occupled portions of it, as the western wing of the international torce which covered Salonica and ex- tended from the Aegean to the Adri- atic. In this period Italy laid certain bases for later permanent occupation. ‘After the war, despite the claims of the Greeks and the Serbs, which were pressed urgently, Italy was able to maintain the independence and fin- tegrity of Albania against all other claims and settled down to the occu- pation of Valona. But with the de- cline of the strength of Italian policy. incident to domestic dificulties and as a consequence of Albanian mili- tary disturbances. Italian garrisons were withdrawn and Albania was once more intact. But always both the Greeks and the Serbs, and the Iatter more serfously, sought to realize their national aspirations at the expense of fa. M’?‘;: new treaty between Italy and AJbania, so far as it can be judged by the present information, amounts to a double agreement on the part of Italy to defend Albania from other aggres- sion and to refrain from attempting to annex it in whole or in part -Her- self. It would apparently create in this area vital to Italian interests a kind of Belglum—that is, a state ful- filling for Italy the mission Belgium has had in British policy in the north of Europe and covered by a simlilar guaranty. Serb Aspiration Blocked. But this Itallan guaranty at once blocks all present or eventual Jugo- slav aspirations to acquire Durazzo; that is, for a port which would be the natural outlet of all of the southern area of the new Slav state. Italy, by holding Trieste and Fiume and cover- ing Durazzo by her guaranty, stands squarely in the pathway of Serb aspi- ration, as did Austria, more complete- Iy but with the same purpose, before the World War. At the Paris peace conference the representatives of the southern Slavs claimed all the east shore of the Adri- atic from the head of the sea south of Gorizia to Albania. But the Paris conference gave Italy not only Tri- este, which was by majority of its population Latin, but large areas in the hinterland which were quite as clearly Slav. Italy afterward took Fiume, although her claim had not been ailowed at Paris. The seizure of Fiume precipitated a crisis between Jugoslavia and Italy which did not lead to war mainly be- cause the Slavs were at the moment completely exhausted by struggles which had lasted since 1912 and had as yet had no opportunity to reorgan- 126 their army on the basis of their tly expanded population. There- fore Mussolini was later able for the | garfan subjects, about Croates and the Slovenes with them selves depends upon the degree to arisen over the treaty made |of Trieste, of the Croats, who ocet. pied the old Hungarian crownland of Croatla, of which Fiume was the port. in which. too, are many Slovenes, and yvears ago the most dangerous storm |the &reat mass of Serbs, who inhabited both the old states of Serbla and Montenegro and the Austrian and Austro-Hungarian territories of Dal matia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. The former Austrian and Hun while accepting the union with the Serbs, have never ac cepted the basis on which the unfor was made; they have always advo cated a federal system, rather than that which was created and made them more or less impatent minor ties in the presence of the over whelming Serb majorities. But the resistance to Serb supremacy was al ways tempered by the fear of Itallan aggression. The Croats have never reconcfled themselves to [talian possession of Fiume, their natural port, as the Slovenes have continued to claim the right of their brethren within Italian frontiers, who number several hun dred thousand. to exercise the right of self-determination and join the Jugoslay state. And the Serbs have been under pressure to demon strate their right to rule in the Jugo- slav state by their power to protect the Creat and Slovene minorities and advance their aspirations. Ttaly's Broad Ambition. Ttaly, in the years of Mussolini having made peace of sorts with the Jugoslavs, has been trying feverishiy to establish some sort of hegemony, in all of the Balkans and in particular to destroy the French position in the Little Entente. Her idea has been 1 create a combination of small pow which would be under Italian fluence and would give Ttaly a posi tion of importance which she has nnt yet acquired in Europe. To this end she has worked in Bucharest and in Budapest, even in Vienna. RBut she has never been able to shake the French orientation of Czechoslovakia or the French sympathies of the great foreign minister, Benes. Meantime Italy has quarreled in- cessantly with France, and each at- tack upon Mussolini’s life has been followed by an outbreak of passionate recrimination directed against the French nation. The real significance of the present Albanian crisis must be found in the fact that so far as it can be seen today it at one time de stroys Italian hopes in the matter of Danublan and Balkan influence and throws Jugoslavia into very close association with France. Such association {s fatal, because whatever Italian nationalism might think of present or eventual Italian ability to fight France, the situation changes when such a struggle in volves a war on two fronts and im mediate conflict with Serbian armies seeking to take the whole Adriatic littoral from the mouth of the lsonzo southward. Ttaly thus finds herself almost encircled by the areas of French and Slav territory which ex tend from Tunia to Cattaro, with only the interruption of the Austrian Swis< territories. Her position is quite k> that of Germany between Russia and France in 1914. Other Factors Italy Faces. This position is further rendered disagreeable, if not dangerous, because Italy holds many thousands of Ger- man-speaking peoples within her frontiers in the Upper Adige. and her treatment of these has produced not merely Austrian but German protest and led to a very bitter episode less than' two years ago. Finally there is the Greek situation, for the Greeks have never ceased to desire and claim the southern part 6f Albania, where there is a Greek population. They also violently resent Italian retention of Rhodes and the Dodecanese, in the Aegean, as they also recall with bit- terness the episode of Corfu. Italy, then, finds herself in trouble with the French, the Austrian-Ger. mans, the Jugoslave and the Greeks little public expression has been had for the fact, the Swiss have taken real interpret as indicative of Italian as piration to annex the Italian-speaking Swiss canton of Ticino, which lies south of the Alps and is inhabited b a population which while ‘loyally Swiss in sentiment is Latin by race. The ambition of the new Italy to control the Adriatic is challenged by the rise of the southern Slav state which is_destined to become incre: ingly a strong military nation. The aspiration .to expand into Africa is backed by the French possession of Tunis and Algeria and the British guaranty of the independence of Egypt. Hopes of some sort of alliance with Germany, which had little rea! basis in fact, have gone glimmering with the accentuation of the Tyrolese issue, and in addition. as a conse quence_of the unmistakable drawing of Germany and France together as 1 result of Locarno and.Thoiry. Perils in Situation. The most acute danger of trouble. however, {s and must remain that growing out of the Jugoslav situa tion. It is dangerous because of the situation within both Italy and Jugo slavia. The nationalism of Mussolini has roused the spirit and passions of the Ttalian people to such a pitch that any obvious fature in the foreign field might have grave consequences. Mus. solini has convinced his fellow . coun trymen that their mission is to restore the Roman Empire; he cannot safely hesitate in the presence of what to Romans must be no more than Iily rian tribes. The Serbs, who dominate in' Jugg- slavia, on the contrary, are boun@ recognize that the hope of bringing the ultimate fusion of the which they support the rights and re- alize the interests of these minorities. And it must be remembered, in addi- tion, that the Serbs are a fighting It must be added, too, that, althougn - alarm at various signs which they, lision by the treaty of Rapallo. time to eliminate the danger of col- remained because race. They are also recovering very rapdily from the effects of the war, as is usually the case with agricultural United States of the continuance of | A great many people have now | horsepower. Five per cent upon suchq wil| result in a veritable new: civiliza-| _Our foreign trade has grown rapidly But the iss Never- peoples, good relations between the two coun- tries. The United States is providing Japan with 8% per cent of her auto- mobiles, %4 per cent of her Import Jumber, 70 per cent of all her building and construction material, 50 per cent | of her petroleum products, 50 per cent of her machinery, 54 per cent of her| leather and 40 per cent of her wheat A realization of our exact relative positions on the Pacific shows the ab. eolute necessity of the continuance of the friendship between the two pow- ere. There s no longer anyv question | partially told that the United States. now being a' come to the conclusion that if the | English-speaking people had, prior to | the last great war, studied world poli | tics and had come to the conclusion | that the war could be prevented, and had notified the other countries that |Great Britaln and the United States would combine to do so, the war | would never have occurred. It will make a pitiable chapter in the world's | history when our ignorance of inter- [ national affairs and our unprepared | ness for the f,"“ catastrophe is Im v future historians. ! an investment means less than $2 per horsepower per year for generating | such unlimited “supply . of energy. When the total 5,000,000 horsepower in the St. Lawrence shall be utilized,y capital outlay and maintenance per unit will be even less. No wonder, then, that superpower interests are striving to gain control over this greatest unused natural re- source on the face of the earth. In the titanic contest the State of New | York and the Province of Ontario here- | tofore have sought practically tn domi- | Any general. broad survey of pres nate the situation, but now that the , world power, realizes that Japan and ent world conditions myst disclose to jolnt laternational board of engineers | tion, Varied industry will enrich the countryside, while relief from over- whelming congestion will benefif cities. The advantages to the West and to the whole country of opening up the Great Lakes to ocean shipping” have been debated ad nauseam. Portland, Boston, Providence, New York fear that such a revolution in transporta- tion may seriously affect their welfare. But if the cost of the project can be apportioned as above indicated, the benefits to the East of universal power at a low rate may amply compensate. (Cobsrizht. 1926.) i throughout our entire history. theless, both in the case of all com- modities and in the case of manu- factured goods considered alone, ex- ports scarcely represent a larger pro- portion of domestic production today than they did a decade or a quarter century ago. The growth in export trade has simply reflected the advance in our industries, which will continue to increase in the future as in the past. With the further growth of population and development of manu- facturing Industries, we shall need a larger proportion of the products of our natural resources for domestic the thrift that constantly adds to capital by which human brain nt:l‘; muscle are multiplied. (Copyright. 1926.) Under her present rulers Turkey has gone “modern mad.” The latest reform which Angora has instituted is the abolition of the Turkish music in the Constantinople Conservatoire. In future ogly foreign music will be taught there, preference to German,§ Austrian, Itall < n and French composers. g Italy's policy is based upon the con- tinued desire of supremacy in the Adriatic. Itallan possession of Fiume and of the Zara enclave to the south are intolerable alike to Jugoslav in- terests and to Jugoslav conceptions They have, to be sure, two menaces —that coming from Hungary and that originating in Bulgaria. they have taken large areas in recent years. From both But any Hungarian interven- of national and territorial unity. violence which does must be noted. To extend Italian barriers to Jugoslav possession of the eastern shore by a Suarantee of Albania is thus an act to Jugosiav pu;_mn. re is a further circumstance in shown | Jugoslav domestic conditions which A The new southern |ever, although no such resignation has tion would lead to a Rumanian and Csech attack upon Hungary, in ac- cordance with the terms of the pact which created the Little Entente. Moreover, -the Hungarians, although they desire certain boundary revisions, have recognized that in the main the lands taken by the Serbs are lost for- Slav state is the result of the union | ~ (Continued on Fourteentia Paga.) ,