Evening Star Newspaper, September 19, 1926, Page 46

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SUNDAY.....September 19, 1926 —_—— THEODORE W. NOYES. . . . Editor s O S R ST S The Evening Star Newspaper Company | 110 g Blsinas Oce: s¢. va. N-:m\':;k éfiu‘?’fifi";?agm St. Chicagn Offica: Tower Building. European Office: 14 Regent St.. London. Fngland. The Evening & " Runday morn- e i T e era b carrers, 10 vy ity at 80 cents per month: dajly on! cents ner month: Sundays om‘. 20 Tenbons Stain 00 ot tion 1o made b7 ain 500D Collection 18 m Ca&TIor at end 6f each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. b * -+ Maryland and Virginia. ailv and Sunda; 1yr.$000: 1 mo. The Daulr. only 1$A00: 1 mo.. B0 Stnday only . 177238661 mo: %8¢ Al Other States and Canada. p ;‘v’; S!"; l‘ me ‘I’ag W 5 ; $4.00:1 :ov. 38 Atly and_ Sunday B St only ay only . v * Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press in axcinsivale entitled to the usa fn- renublication of all news dia- Patchen creditad (o it or not otherwise cred 1181 in thia paper and also the Incal news Pablished herain ~ All-rights of publication of enecial dispatches herein are also.reserved The President in Harness Again. Rack Washington and the presidential harness which he has worn with =0 much fidelity. President Coolidge last night returned after a well merited rest. Problema of ad- minietration, the program of legisia- tion ‘which he will submit to Congress when that hody reconvenes. questions of America’s foreign relations await hit. The President of the 1'nited States eannot todayv entirely divest himself of the mantle of authority with which his office clothes him, even when he 1s on “vacation.” The duties and re- aponsibilities of the Chief Executive of the Republic are never Iaid entire- v aside. The has heen more and more to centraiize the Go ernment. to pass on the final decision in all kinds of governmental husiness, great and small. to the man at the head of the executive branch. Presi dent Coolidge, therefore, has found it mary 1o kesp office hours during the twa and a half months of his so. Journ in the Adirondacks. While the people of the United Stater look mere and more to their Chist Executive, they, nevertheless, do not hegrudge him the rest and semi-fresdom from official cares that have been his. The President has heen kept fully advised of the progress of the Repub- lican party in the primary elections for Congress, although he himself has declined 1o take any direct part in these electio Nor is he likely to engage in the campaign which ends November 2 with the general elec. tions, notwithstanding the fact he is the titular head of his party. Many of the party leaders and the candi- dates for office have visited him at his Summer camp. seeking his advice and conveying to him the latest informa- tion of the campaign. How far a President of the United States can with propristy enter a political cam paign is a question that has often heen asked, although it has never been fully answered. President Coolidge during the next two months in Washington will fol low with keen interest the conduct of the campaign. which will end with suecees either to Republican forces or to the forces of the opposi- tion. His interest iz double. As the head of his party he must necessarily feel kaenly its success or failure. As Chiet Executive, whose legisiative pro- gram and principles of government must depend so greatly on the politi- cal complexion of the next Congress, he will await sagerly the outcome of the senatorial and congressional elec- tions. Too often in the past an ad- ministration has been hamstrung in the midst of its caréer by the election of A hoatils'Senate or House, or bhoth. 1"nder such conditions, with the execu- tive branch of the Government pull- jng ene wav and the legisiative an other, accomplishment of real value 10 the country has heen impossible. Not the least of the probleme which 1he President is expected to tackle i farm legislation. Many persons in of- ficlal life belisve the best that can be done ia te let the farmer alone. The trauble has been, however, to con- vince the farmer that he reaily re. quires ne legislative aid. He contin- usR A mMere or less disgruntled patient, soeking ‘@ remedy for his ills and threatening political attack if this remedy 18 not forthcoming. B to to tendency Fipldemics are sweeping (entral Furops. Less polities and more acience may he suggested as the need of the heur. Russia's Torpid Industries. A warning has been issued by Viadi mir Kuybusheff, head of the supreme economie council of Russia, that the country’s mechanical equipment is nearing exhaustion, seriousiy threat- ening the national economy. In the absence of new machinery from abroad drastic steps must be taken ta econssrve the present dilapidated squipment and the ever-increasing cost of production, now assuming menac- ing proportions, must be combated with the utmoat energy. In the fol- lnwing passage of his statement M. Kuvbusheff perhaps unconsciously revealn the fundamental weakness of Sovietigm or Communism: The increase in the cort of produc- tion is due largely to the irvational rement of the national economy ma: - nh.lf in laber discipline. lack of préper organization in the entire realm of industry and feeble execu- tion of the campaign of economy. The government demands are for far mere radical lowering of the cost of production and overhead expenses than has heretofore heen achieved We must conduct an unrelenting struggle against laziness. indifference and lax management, and must raise the qualifications of workers and 'n matter of fact, there has been no Ilrue Communism in Russia in the 18ense of completely free participation by’ all the people in administration. jGovernment has heen concentrated in {the hands of a few men who have Jealously protected their positions of authority. The sham of uniyersal and equal sharing in responsibility for the conduct of the state has been pretty thoroughly exposed to the world at large and has probably been revealed to the Russian people themselves to a great extent. Under the hated capitalist system the: Russian industries throve fairly well, though not so well as they would have thriven under a more liberal government and a more honest eco- | nomic organization than then prevail ed. But under Communism, or Soviet- ism. by whichever name bolshevism is sest known, the industrial organization of Russia has been weakened to the point of inefficiency, incompetence, extravagance and secret graft It may well be questioned whether a mere proclamation such as that is. sued by Kuybusheff will effect any improvement. Cox be ap- plied by the commissars to drive the lazy workmen to faster paces or to inspire indifferent and lax managers to better methods of administration. But the fundamental fauit is not to be reached by any such stimulation by adminisrrative orders. Not until industry is on its own, on a competi tive basis, with every man capable of advancement in relation to his merits and efficiency and =kill, not until then will the cost of production be lowered and the value of products he in- creased. In short. not until then will Russia recover industrial health. S The Costly British Strike. A newa report from London printed in The Star yesterday states that desperate efforts are heing made now to settle the strike of the coal miners, which has lasted several months and has cost the count to date more than two billion dol ! Prime Min- Ister Baldwin has returned from his vacation with a plan for a national arhitration tribunal to he set up by act of Parliament provided there is firat a general resumption of work. There is no assurance that the miners will accept such a scheme on this basis. They are hoping for the na tionalization of the mines. There i<, however, no general support in the country for such a move. Failure of Mr. Baldwin's effort means the con tinuation of one of the most costly industrial struggles which England or any other country has. ever suf- tered. Adjustment of the British mine trouble is made difficult by two factors. One of these is the wide dif- fevence hetween the working condi tions in the mines of the southwes- tern part of the country, including Wales, and those of part of England. cion may The former are make fairly good wages. The north ern mines are hard to work, the seams or veins of coal are thin, the headings are vrestricted and good wages are impossible without aid in the form of a subsidy or a dif terential. The second factor of diffi- culty is the tenacity with which the people eling to their accustomed localities, refusing to move to other parts take advantage of hetter conditions. of unprofitable mining remain there despite all their sufferings and pri- vations. to With the approach of Winter the conditions in England will grow worme if the mine strike is not settled. The cost of the strike, which has risen above two billions of dollars, will increase. Industry has already heen affected seriously by lack of fuel. This has retarded the indus trial recovery of Great added to the general unemployment. A national erisis ie at hand. The general strike in May in sym pathy with the coal miners failed to eftact any change of government policy. Tt in itself was an expensive axperiment In ceercion by the work Ink people. Expectation that the miners would return to work upen the fallure of the general strike was disappointed. The men remained out and, with the excention of a few aurrenders here and there, they have persisted in idleness. A meeting of the executives of the minera’ federation is to he held Mon- day at which the prime minister's plan will be considered. Should it then bs rejected there will he no hasis for any further action. But when Par- llament meets, as it will shortly, the subject must inevitahlv be debated and a vote adverse to the government is within the range of possibility, precipitating a general election In which the nationalization issue will he paramount. In that event the new alignment in Rritich politics that has heen in the making for some time past through coalition of the iaborites and a faction of the liherals 1% likely to develop. Instead of organizing armies. Eu- ropean financiers are now organizing truste. The old forms of combat were erude and cruel. Civilization demands A method of contest more refined. < A G The Swimming Rage. The English Channel has stirred the ambition of A great many swimmers. That the Channel has heen ‘‘con- quered” an often this vear indicates that it has hecome more peacefnl, that ite tides and currents are more nearly understood, that swimmers are stronger and more skillfui or that the “erawl” stroke the hest way of swimming. The adventurs and suc cess of Channel swimmers have had effect on this side of the Atlantic. Nearly every day brings an account of somebody who has crossed Ches. techmical staffe. Under the bolshevik regime in Rus sia, which is Communism, all initia- tive has been destroved. initiative for industrial enterprise and for competi- tive .co-operation on the part of hoth employers and workers. The dead Jeveling under a svatem of sowcalled mutuality of interests, which is the basis of Communism, directly tends to tneficiency, to laminess, tn indiffer- ence, to extravagance. Of course, ag apeake Bay, or tried to do it. There have been accounts of big achieve. menta in Long Island Sound and the Delaware. Outside of the great swim- ming contest from Little Falls to Georgetown things have heen quiet on the Potomac, but we shall probably hear of some swimmer ‘“crawling" through the water from Washington to Point Leockout, and, if conditions are favorable, keeping on tn Norfolk. The moeat ambitious effort yet made the northern easily worked and the operatives can | some | The miners in the region | Britain and | THE SUNDAY at hanging up a swimming record is St. Lawrence River at Montreal with the idea of swimming the English | Channel. His plan, if he had one, was to swim down the river to the one of the sigamship lanes over the Atlantic to When pulled out of the river the swimmer said: “I was going to swim the English Channel.’ Swimming across the Atlantic Ocean would be good practice and a tellow who trained by crawling from Montreal to England, about 3,000 miles, ought to have a fair chance of swimming from Gray Nose Cape to Folkestone, or he might make a rec- ord by getting across the Channel where it is wider. o The King's Horses. Racing, which is the modern succes- sor of the chase of old. is the sport of kings by common parlance, but kings are not finding it profitable in these times of competition. King George of England, for example,-has just been casting up his accounts and has found that his stable has since its establish- ment cost him £20,000 more than it has eatned. This season, to be sure, he is winning a little, but only about a thousand pounds to date. Conse- quently, the reports from London atate, the King {r going to reorganize his stable and try to make it a winner |in&tead of a loser. At any rate, he is | going to cut down expenses. Many a lesser personage than the King has found racing an extravagant means of occupation and amusement. Many an humble, untitled citizen has gone bankrupt with his. “ponies.” The position of a king is rather diffi- cult, however. He has to pay top prices for everything he gets in horse flesh and in service, and in these times {no favors are shown him on the turf. A commoner's horse has as good a [chance to win as one that runs under the royal colors. Doubtless King George has had twenty thousand pounds’ worth of fun out of hix stable, and more. But | he probably thinks it is a poor ex- ample of thrift and economy to en- | | while his people are suffering for lack |of employment and indeed for the { necessities of life. Reforming his stables will not affect the economic balance in England, but it may ease his conscience. - phia had to lose Gen. Smedley But- {ler. He would have been one of the most Interesting exhibits to Sesqui- | centennial visito ——ors. Turkish women have discarded | their veils. No photographs have heen shown which impress the de- parture as any especial treat:to the eve. v When emineni Germans | Frenchmen shake hands, the pro- }r‘aodmfl at Geneva must be accorded {credit for a consifferable degree of | peacetul progress. | -—r- | Regardiess of who wins the Demp- | sey-Tunney fight, the preliminary | literary contest may be regarded as ‘a draw. e Rebuilding Rome hecomes less im- portant to Mussolini for the present | than a of limitation for the activities of plotters in Pari S e The Hall-Mills case has enabled New Jersey to show an ability te mmand public Attention without e aid of a heauty contest. P French walters resent American tips. This fact may enable tourist managers to offer a lower rate. +oma. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON, proce: t Exploitation of Art. A life is given unto fame Where profits rise 5 For those who play the clever game And advertise. 1t's well enough to meet the strife In merchandise, And, where the competition's rife, To advertise, L Rut when the artigt's heating heart Becomes the prize, They bring him many a cruel smart Who advertise. - Erudition. “You have always appealed to me las & man of wonderful explanatory | powers.” [ “Yes" answered Semator Sorghum. “1 can tell about econemics and such things. But if vou want to hear a superior intelligence discussing topic that is truly abstruse, come around and hear my seventeen-year- ‘I‘M boy talk about the inwarde of his radio set.” Relativity in Expense. The fiivver i¢ a noble brute. The mule serenely notes That gasoline they now compute As costing more than oats. Jud Tunkins says a loafer always wants an assistant—who generally winds up by helping him loaf. Sentimental Convenience. "If 1 ever fall in love again,” sald Miss Cavenne, “T'll fasten my affec- tions to a motion picture star.” “How extraordinary! “Not at all. It enables you for a small fee to ohserve the features of the heloved one at your convenience, without being bored by his conversa- tion.” Skeptical. “1 understand there is considerable bootiegging in your neighborhood.” “I don’t believe it,"” answered Uncle Bill Bottletop. “Nobody has died in several weeks.” The Ever-Fool Anarchist. An anarchist with bombs drew nigh And sadly said, “Although My social aims 1 thought were high My marksmanship is jow." “Many a man said Uncle Eben, “would stand better in de community if he took as much care of his family at he does of twe Sits in a crap game.” A {that of a man who jumped into lhel Gulf of St. Lawrence and then follow | Ireland and England. | |gage in hundred-thousand-doliar toys | It 1% to be regretted that Philadel- | and | STAR. WASHINGTON | PRECEPT AND PRACTICE. “No Man Liveth to Himsel Proud isolation is impossible to a normally minded man or woman. We are so constituted that we naturally { seek companionship. There have heen isolated cases recorded where men for the purpose of higher intel- lectual or spiritual development have withdrawn themselves from intimate association with their fellows. Simon Stylites ample of this as can be found. In his theory of spiritual development he he- took ‘himself to the top of a pillar. thinking thereby to grow In favor with God and man. In our conception of life his ideal is utterly contrary, not only to normal habits of living, but to the whole theory of Christian tepch- ing. Where self-development is based upbn the assumption that contacts with human concerns must be dis- pensed with it inevitably issues in selfishness and an impaired outlook upon life. Now and again we meet men and women in whom the jdea of individualism is so strong.that they disclose no inf\est in or sense of responsibility for thelr obligations to their fellows. Their idea of independ- ence is grossly selfish and their search for personal freedom in the matter of their habits leads them to disrespect And disregard all law that is designed for the good of soclety as They might as well be withdrawn into” some remote monastery behind whose walls they could live their cloistered life. They are useless to every one saving themselves. Such A conception of life in its arrogant conceit ‘is utterly repellent and tends not only to abnormal self-centered- ness. but to their fmpairment of the socfal order itself. On one occasion, in relating an incident of this type, Jegus spoke of one who said concern- ing his treasure, “May I not do what I will with mine own?" If there is any one thing that He emphatically stated again and again, it wasx man’s obligation to serve with all consistency his fellows. Any pression of Christianity that disre- gards this does violence to one of it fundamental and essential principles. The social implications of “the Gospel are conspicuously emphasized on every page. It meems td be reserved for our generation o make this mo-e effective. The old idea that accepted Christianity as the means of saving one’s soul has heen abandoned, and today we are more and more empha zine the fact so finely expressed by Christ in one of His greater utter ances. “He that loseth his life shall find it." What He evidently was _that the highest and nohlest {form of spiritual development logi- cally follows unselfish and - whole hearted service. Wherever the church. ANALYZING OU The United States Is in the happy condition of enjoying probably the most soundly prosperous year of its history. There is no marked hoom | pervading the country. inviting a sub: |S9fl‘|9n| and disastrons depression wuch as occurred in 1920 and 1921, | Times are as good as. or better than panic which were present then {utterly ahsent now. | After the armistice, when the run- {away hoom took place. factories had hought. The competition among mer chants for goods in sell on the rising market produced constantly incveas ing prices. When the public exe | cuted ite buyers' strike against the ruinous retail prices were left with goods on their shelves for .which they had paid high prices and the manufacturers found selves in the position of having made plant investments to meet the increas ing demand, with these investments now an incumbrance. The result was inevitable country-wide faflure #nd hankruptey of merchants, manufactur- ers and banke: Today the situation is manifestly different, as shown by new figures compiled by the Federal Reserve Roard. Taking the vear 1918 as a standard (and that was the last year of the big post-armistice boom). the heard shows that produetion in all basic industries in July, the latest month for which figures have heen compiled. was 19 par cent higher. De. the retail trade of the country and the figures show that an even hal ance has heen maintained by them between stocks on hand and sales. Poth are 33 per cent higher than in 1919, Thus it is séen that bhoth the production and the selling end in re- tail goods are more active than in the boom year of 1919, with the volume of husinesa heing done fairly well balanced Neither one is run. ning materially ahead of the other. The producers are just ahont keeping up with the demand and the retailers are not to sudden diminution in value. That no frantie orders for future deliveries are heinz placed is indicated by the fact that wholesale trade fs cent helow 1919. In the latter ve wholesalers were besieged with order to abt any price. Now, it i« seen, prudence Is being ohserved and the steady flow of trade maintained on an even keel, Railroad Traffic Heavy. That this is an enormous trade in- terms of actual consumed is revealed by the an- way Economics, based on Interstate Commerce Commisgion figures, to the effect. that during the first .seven months of 1926 more freight was han- dled by the rallroads than at any like period in the history of the country When {t {s understood that this cludes even the war yvears when the other material for the American peditionary Force and the allies were being moved to the ports from all sections of the country, tude of the present traffic may comprehended. During this seven-month period o R50.857 carloads of freight were moved by the American raiiroads. This com- pares with 34,697,793 carloads in n similar period of 1925, and 32.475.361 carlpads for seven monthe of 1924, These carloadings reflect a total of £.806,835.000 net ton miles, exceed- ing_ by 18417.766000 ton miles trafic of the frst seven months of 19 be t From the point of view of the index number, this means a gain of 30 per cent over the vast railroad traffic of the hoom year of 1919. when rush orders were being shipped as fast as they could he handled. The great activity in building is re sponstble for much of this. Despite the feverish haste to build additions situation which characterized - 1919, | building_contracts awarded in 1926 | are 78 per cent higher than they were | then. H Labor appears to be better off, too. than in the last boom year. Six per cent less workers are employ factories than in 1919, but they are is, fewer men are getting an aggre- gate higher wage return for their labors. The building and other in- dustries have absorbed the surplus factory workere. I And with all this tremendous busi- ness activity there has been less fluc- tuation in bank credit than last year or probably in any previus vear in the history of the Federal Reserve! EVERYDAY RELIGION BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D, LL. D., Bishop of Washington. is about as striking an ex-| whole. | ex- | meant | BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. they were then, but the symptoms of | are | | overproduced and merchants had over- | the merchants | them- | partment stores are representative. of | Ioaded up with stocks liable | 18 per | in gonds from the producers at | goods produced and | nouncement from the Bureau of Rall- | vast supplies of munitions, food and! the magni- | the | to factories and to better the housing | | getting 4 per cent more wages—that ! \ S D. C. SEPTEMBER 19, 1926_PART .2 has declared to those who sought it “Come and he saved.” it has developed a type of Christian believer that was | unworthy and inimical to its best In- terests. Wherever it has followed the dictum of its Master and said, “Go | and be saved,” sending its followers forth to live lives of selfless service, it | | has not only_ strengthened itself but | | enriched its devotees. | Christianity_as a system of living | calls for and demands something more than the recitation of creeds or | |a periodical participation in ‘a re- | ligious service. Its supreme exemp- { lar and exponent was its Founder. His life was characterized throughout by heroic service and supreme self- sacrifice. The appeal of those who had béen broken on the wheel of for- tune He responded to with gladness |and a ready ministry. So magnetde | was He that even those who had sunk | to the lowest round of degradation | responded to His call and felt in His | presence the rejuvenation of their seemingly forgotten and buried selves. Everywhere He went He drew men| to Him by the ‘appealing power of His undefstanding love. Even one who reached out to touch the hem of His garment made Him feel that | there had gone forth from Him the | virtue of healing. The touch of faith, [ inarticulate as it was, evoked His | ready response. What a change would come into our modern life with all its distracting | [ problems if we were to consistently | endeavor {o reproduce, even in part. | His method and habit of living! “Live dangerously” was the word of direc ! tion given by a mi¢gwided philasopher. | “Live heroically and unselfishly” is | the substance of the teaching of {Jesus. - Wherever we find man_ or | woman following this supreme rule | we discover a character of surpassing | strength and a community enriched |and_ennobled by His example. We { think too much today in terms of | precept and too little in terms of | | practice. We permit our children to! | grow up without any adequate sense of their responsiMlities to the State [and to society. The home and the [ church must, furnish a more appeal- | ing_incentive to the imagination of | | vouth than it has heen wont to give | them. Thomas Hughes fascinated the boy& of Rugby by setting hefore them “the manliness of Jesug.” His | leadership is as appealing today as it ever was, but it i a kind of leader- <hip that must be interpreted in terms | of self-sacrificing service. For our anemic and spiritless appeals we néed to substitute that whic { grips the imagination, hut stiy highest and noblest ideals that re {in our natures. It is a fundamental | | prineiple that the apostle expresses in | the words, “No man liveth to him self.” R "PROSPERITY | | { | | veteny. Bank credit supplied by the Federal Banks in July of this year amounted to $1,166,564.000. This compares with $1.065,252.000 in July {birth of George Washington, Charles jof | sidered Capital Sidelights | As propaganda for a national and world celebration in Washington in 1932 of the 200th anniversary of the chairman of the Commission ne Arts, who has devoted nearly twoscore years to day-by-day labor for development and embellishment of the National Capital as the most heautiful city in the world, carrying forward the plans of \ashington and Maj. L'Enfant, has compiled a new book on the family life of George Washington. Mr. Moore was secretary of the famous McMillan Commission. which, after a careful study of all the great capitals of the world in 1901, made comprehensive report with recom- | mendations for the guidance of fu ture Capital builders, which I con- “the hible” for the city of Washington. He is head of the manuseript division of the Library of Congrees and is rated as the fore- most authority.on the life of Wash- ington. This new hook is based on ex- tensive personal investigation and re- search of the historic ground he- tween Washington and Mount Ver- non, with which no one is more familiar than Mr. Moore; on the price. less manuscripts of the Library of Congress, which are his especial charge, and on unprecedented ac- «cess to the private family records of the old valiants of Virginia.: So that Mr. Moore has brought thgether in this volume much new, authoritative and picturesque information of inter-| est both to the general reader and to the student of history. The interest in the hook is heightened by an in- troduetion by Mrs. Theodore Roose- velt. Much material hitherto unused has been uncovered, assaved and expertly assembled to fell the intimate stor of George Washington's personal life. It is a study of Washingtton as a man, living in the intimacy of his own home and enjoying the warm friend- <hip of nelghhors, whose names are written large in histor Mr. Moore's hook describes the land of the Washingtons, Iving close to our Capital City, the various family mi- grations, Washington's education, his early romances and his marriage to the widow Custis. The family life at Mount Vernon, now the great national shrine, which is to be the mecca of pilgrims from all over the world in 1932, s vividly portrayed by Mr. Moore as one of the most delightful and flluminating examples of the man ners, customs and mode of life of the early Amerlean aristocracy. In concluding his preface Mr. Moore says: “Readers will readily discover that in the opinion of the writer a very great deal remains for the Amer! can peoplé still to do in order to real- ize the visions of Washington for the Capital Clty. Much also should he done to put his birthplace in order and to give proper sepulcher to the hones of his ancestors. These plous duties should be made an integral part of the approaching Washington bicentennial provided for on a large scale by Congress: Only o can George Washington he made a vital force for the generations to come. They will be our judges.” x X % x Breathing the very atmosphere and sentiment of Mount Vernon acknowledging the lifétime influence Moor | of 1925, Thus it will be seen that the increase in proportion to the huge | {total is practicably neglixible. And | thie credit is helng extended by the Federal Reserve Banks at a uniform rate aof 4 per cent in every one of the |12 Fedéral Reserve districts. . Individuals More Affluent. People have more money in their | possession than they had last year. The circulation statement issued by 11925, the per capita circulation in the United States was §41.31. This year | 1t is given as $42.01. The people are spending thelr money, keeping open the avenues of trade and providing themselves with necessities and lux- uties. dn July of 1925 the public spent $47.016,264.000, while in July of this wear they spent $47; or nearly a hillion dollars more. point. of fact. if the fact were ascer- tainable, it would he found that a far greater sum was spent because these figures reveal only what passes through member banks of the Federal Reserve system in 141 selected typi- cal cities. The task of obtaining complete data from all the banks of the country has not yet been solved. Further, thesé expenditures include only what is spent by cheek. but something like 85 per cent of the American people’s expenditures are =0’ paid Tnvestment in securities has been large during the first half of 1926, and promises to he sustained or bet tered during the second six-month period. During the first six months the puhlic bought three and onehalf hilllon dollars in various kinds of se- curities. This i half a billion more than the figure for the preceding six months. ‘American. corporations ohtained the lion's share of these funds. three bil- lions having heen poured into the stocks and bonds of domestic enter- | prises. The other half billion was lent abroad, but of that more than | half staved on this side of the Atlan- tie. TFurope obtained only $200,000 000, Canada and South Amer | can interests ohtained $300,009,000. Fublic utilittes were the favorite objects of investment in the domestic field. some $081,000,000 having heen linvested in them. Investments in | lands and hnildings amounted to $341. 000,000 for the first half of 1926, and railronds horrowed $180.000,000. The oil ‘stock selling game seems “still to | be fairly zood, as the public invested $150,000.000 in that industry in the yfirst half of thé year. industries such as iron. steel. copper, codl, etc. ohtained $137.000.000. while the antomobile industry was the ob ject of but $97.000.000 {n investments. There seel to be little doubt that this prosperous condition will con- tinue for some time—an indefinite time—unless some cataclysm takes place in the world to unset economic conditions. YOUR CHILD IN SCHOOL By Dr. Frank W. Ballou, Superintendent of Schools. Washington whi | | | 1 | i { No. 1—=What Is Education? Definitions of education are varled brief sentence to a complete book of several hundred pages. The defini- tions of education which are carried in brief sentences usually are incom- | plete or unsatistactory and sometimes {are misleading. | The dictionary tells us that educa- |tion is the systematic development and cultivation of the natural powers by inculcation apd example: or, more simply, instruction in an institution of learning. | The first definition, though briet |and generalized, is substantially cor- rect., The latter, though apparently accepted by some people, is not a fair *statément of the meaning of the task {to which over 700,000 teachers are consecrating their lives in our coun- jtry_alone. | Education is not merely insruction. {If it were, there would be many more | educated persons than there are. If all one had to do were to be physical- | the Treasury states that on August 1.} The heavy | {in scope, ranging as they do from a | of Washington upon her. Edith Kermit Roosevelt, in her introduction wrote: “Washington's portrait hung heside his wife's on our nursery wall. | He was a beloved and familiar friend. {and I was taught to throw kisses to ‘George and Martha. The same lithographs their round frames hang in the schoolroom of my children In this house (Sagamore Hill. Oyster Bay): and partly on thelr account, perhaps, the childhood | feeling of intimate friendship per sists. “Once, while we were in the White House, we went on horseback to Mount Vernon and came upon the house away from the river, under trees and up a quiet road. as Wash- ington would have come. Almost his presence met us. not the leader who nursed the country ‘thro’ shifts and wants and pains. but the man who loved his horse. his fields and the same countless trivial pleasures and cares that fill our lives—the dear friend of my childhood days. “I don't know why some places have a curiously penetrating atmos- in seems true, and Wakefleld, where Washington was horn, is such a place. 1 have felt it in the Spring, when the hlue cloud of grape hyacinths almost hid the grass. and again in the late Fall afternoon when T took my chil- dren on a pious pligrimage. FEven writing_ahout it brings hack some happy days of a happv life.” Thus, the spirit of George Wash- ington as vouth and man. soldier and ®eneral. Father of His Country, Capi- tal builder and National exemplar goes marching on. Such s not now the case, and never was. To educate {s. properly, to devel- op. but that development must come {from within. The teacher's work is fruitlese without the co-operation of the pupil. There must he a willing ness to learn on the part of the pupil, {or the lesson must remain unlearned. This must he the true starting point for all educational theory and prac: tice. with children outside the classroom willreadily understand this basic fact, 1all education is self-development. All teachers know that a child must he interested in s subject or topic before he can be successfully in- |structed in it. I the child’s in | terest cannot he aroused directly, It must be obtained indirectly. At- \tempte to arouse the interest of children in their school tasks have {led some to feel that school tasks were being made “too easy." As a rule, however, we are more interested in difficult tasks than easy ones. In terest {s not synonymous with degree of_difficulty. | Educational methods alwave have |hean the subject of study. Changes and! phere of sentiment—but in fact that | Those who have had experience | MEN AND Federal Judge Mack, who is trying the Harry M. Daugherty case in New York. has shown a consideration for the jurors summoned to a long and arduous duty which ought to be emulated by courts everywhere and | should resuit in obtaining higher class men for jury service. The jury in the Daugherty case is a splendid-appear- | ing one. It was realized this trial| called for mentalities far above the | average, and every effort was made to | obtain a jury which would be intelli gent as well as fair. Judge Mack has permitted the | jurors to fix the daily court heurs| and also allowed them to say whether sessions should be held on Saturday | or mot. The jury promptly voted against the Naturday session. This release from duty., they said. would | give them some rélaxation and also ! an opportunity to keep a finger on | their business affairs. FEven when opposing counsel ask for a brief recess during morning or afternoon sessions, Judge Mack refers | the question to the jurors, and if they | nod assent the recess is granted. If| they show any hesitation, the request | is denied. All too often jurles in criminal cases are treated little, if any, better | than the defendants. to understand that jury duty s a stern service, and that, once vou are ‘snared,” your rights are few and far between. Judge Mack has taken an exactly opposite course. The effect of his example may he far-reaching. Women often have heen chided by mere man as heing the siaves of fash- jon. It has heen said that a woman wotild_follow the latest style even if it led her out of a fifth-story window. Without regard to personal hecoming- ness women have heen charged with wearing big hats and small hats, skirts long and skirts short. All of which may have heen, and may still he, more or less true. Vet woman has heen asserting her individuality of late. She has heen modifying ‘he fashions to sut her own likes and dig- likes. In the same window you can see small and large hats right along- side each other. Woman may choose. The style experts from time to time during the past five years have tried their best to lower women's skirts. They have met with no success Woman has rehelled. Once accustom- ed to the freedom of the short skirt, she will not permit herself to he led back iInto the long ones. Of course, there are extremes to which some women will not go. The skirts that actually disclose the knees as the wearer walks along probably never will be in the majority. But what is to be said of mere man? He is a fashion slave or is he not? He is. Tt_was only necessary to he in New York on September 15 to watch They are given | AFFAIRS BY ROBERT T. SMALL. mere man, manacled to a custom, dis- play his serfdom as women never dn. There is an old decree of fashion, or of the hat makers, that straw hats shall not he worn by men on or after September 15 in the effete East. On September 14 there were a million raw hats on the sidewalks of New York. ' On September 15 ft was just as easy to find a needle in a haystack It is the same way in the Spring Men hesitate and hesitate to don the raw headgear regardless of the weather. Ea man has a horror of heing the first to appear in a Summer honnet. All are waiting to ses what the other fellow will do. This s where they differ completely frem woman. Every woman has the ambition to be the first to wear something new Every man has the ambition to aveld just ‘that thing. They are pecullar folk, these humans, Edward Prince of Wales has just returned to his home in St. James Palace, London, after a holiday on the continent. and those perturhed souls who are alarmed as to the fu ture of the empire will set to work once more to try to get the attrac. tive young heir to the throne to set tle down amd choose for himself & bride and for merrie old England a future Queen. Apparently that s just about the last thing the versatile | and Jifeloving vounz Prince wants | to do —or Intends to do. He does not | see in the mere fact that he is well | past 30 any reason for hurrying to the altar. He is free now e roam as he pleases, and the more he roams the less he seems inclined to the set tling down process for which all Britain is waiting The non-marrying attitude of the Prince s having a serfous effect in other: directions than a mera threat at the relgning dypasty. His younz er brothers seem fo he doing thair bits very nicely in that direction. But the Prince is setting a fashion in re maining single, which the eligible voung men of the United Kingdom are taking up with an enthusiasm that sends cold chills down the spin: of mothers and fathers of Englands budding voung womanhood. | 1t is sald in England that the el | igible bachelors seem to prefer to end their time with the married t, showering their attention upon wives rather than upon sweasthearts. The Prince is blamed for this, toe. hacause he alwavs selects his dancing partners from among the attractive married set. e does not dare dance | with an eligible girl ~certainly not more than ence, for fear of starting a new marriage rumor. England is not alone in = worriee ahout its bachelors. The voung men are =ald to he doing the same thing in this eountry. Sacial life i3 wit nessing many change (Copvright. 107 Fifty Years Ago In The Star Fifty vears ago a good many of {the, Government_clerks wers being g appe - "Duchnrged ropped from the serv Employes. from the | “Sufferer.” | Septembs | the city in the same spirit of economy | that caused them fo ha separated |from the public service: | T am informed that the Secretarfes of the various departments of the Government have ordered or sugsest ed to chief clarks not to give re porters and others information of and |the names of clerks who have heen | discharged or are ahout te be, which I think. is a great injustice to the business men. landlords, washerwom en and others. who have an interest in these matters, and who. if they had a timely knowledge of charges or resignations, as the case might be. would he able to collect their bills against those who are dis posed to draw their pay and_ slip quietly from the city without the square thing by those who have kept them going from month to month during the time they have held offices and of their residence in Wash- ington. I do not mean to he under stood as saying that a majority of those discharged do so forget to ‘call at the captain's office to settle,’ but that some dn. very recent axperience has taught me: therefore I hope. for the benefit of the many, a list of the discharges will he obtained and published from day to day as they occur.” program adopted by Congress. and, judging following letter, ~ signed printed in The Star of « o “President Grant has heen inter viewed again at Long Branch by the 0 indefatigable reporter Gen. Grant's ar tha New ; Herald." say: Residences. <75t septemper 13, 1876. pon the political campaign the President expressed the opinién that if the Republicans carry Ohin and Indiana next month the Dems. erats have not a ghost of a chance in November. pose to vigit Europe after the close of his presidential term and indicated that on his return he should proba- bly settle down in Washington To the inquiry whether In hig experience Washington is not at least as ex- pensive az New York, the President replied: ‘Oh, no! The rent of a first rate hou in New York. in the best locality, would he as much as [ eould live for in Washington. In Washing consists of entertainments, and a man can limit according to means and pleasure. I suppose I shall settle down in Washington T feel at home there. I feel more identified with it than any other city." ™ Gen. Grant, however, did not return to Washington to live, upon the com- plefion of his trip around the world. He went to Galena. .. where he {in methods have heen made from time to time, as our knowledge of the way children learn has increased. Never- | theless, the master who gathered a small_group of disciples around him |in a Greek garden had much the same {tagk as the teacher of our own day. The problem of education remains essentially unchanged hecause the central obfect of education is the same—the ~child. However much educators in different ages have dis- agreed on details of educational and_practice, they have had pretty much the same type of indl vidual to deal with. Though sur- rounded with a vastiy greater num i ber of opportunities for self-advance. ment than the child of a few centuries ago, the hoy or girl of today must be {led ‘through much the same intellec- tual development as the youth of past centuries. b The subject matter of education to- day, as always, must be adapted to the natural endowments of the pupil. Attention and interest must be se cured, otherwise teaching is fruitless. | This is an old principle that is not | modified. Educators always have agreed that education is essentially a human process. the problems of which are intensely human in their every phase. To find a satisfactory solution to those problems is the tagk of the teacher {of our boys and girls in city or ham- let. ‘To our teachers America lnoks for the upbuilding and training of a citizenry that will comprise not think {ing machines but reasoning men znd women who may be depended upon Iy present at an explanation given by a competent instructor of any subject, no matter how abstruse, learning . uld be a cheap article, P to carry our country another genera tion towadd further national great- neas. iSoprright. 1928.) resided until he removed to New York to take part in the unfortunate banking busindss that hrought him financial disaster. He lived for a time at Long Branch, N. J * * % as Democratic candi idency. was subjected to criticism regard ing his method of making an income tax return it was charged that to include in his Gov. Tilden. date for the pr Gov. Tilden's Tax Réturn. vears previous. he had failed in which he an important litigation The Star of was engaged as counsel. September 14, 1876. say t is mysteriously hinted that Mr. Tilden may one of these days make a showing in regard to that income for him ‘more sympathy and admira tion than any American or any other man ever received, in the civilized world, during the memory of any person now living.' This is ver: mysterious and quite awe-inspirin tor a'little while. When the matter is analyzed, however, the most that one can make of it Is that the reform | candidate may pos he able to demonstr that he returned his whole income and paid all the tax due thereon. the same as any other good citizen did or should. That will {be a znod thing enough. when proven |but it 1s hard o understand how it (should bring about the astonishing Its that are expected of it. That much any candidate for the preai dency ought to be able te show certainly any reform candidaie; but ice under the economy | 11. 1376, some of them left | nch dis- | doing | He declared his pur- | ton the only item of great expensive- | =ome | in- | come a large fee received by him in ! tax return matter, which will produce | This and That By Charles E. Tracewell. Perhaps a naturalist might tell us hat the insect is which we call the Phlox" or “Sunday bug.” 1t made its appearance two yvears | ago. frequenting the hardv Phlex in | the afternnons, so we gave it the for mer name. When we made the discovery that the creature wae visibhle onlv on Sun days. we began callinz it the “Sunda: bug.” Its preference for the Phlox was | easily understood. for the honavlike | tragrance of thic peerless flower | offers inducement to many a winged creatur All Summer zreat hutterfifes. some black with vellaw spots. others brown with sky-blue dots. flutter, hover and dip over the pink heauties. They show good taste These insects. however, do nat Afs criminate against Monday. Tuesdas Wednesday, Thursday. Friday and | Saturday.” Any day in the week is good enough for them With the Sunday bug, is different. The Sabhath i« his day of lahor Positively. he has never heen seen in | the garden on any. other day It is true that ordinarily one has more leisure on Sunday than on the so-called week dayvs. therefore is more likely to spot infrequent visitors to the border. We are reasonably sure. howaver that the Phlox hug never comes out |on any other day than the Sabbath He is a strange-looking creature The “Sunday bug,” as we call him, 1« about 2 inches long. with a reason ably fat body as large as your thumb. The main portion of him seems tn he covered with soft green feathers while his underpart is of a rusty red Despite the fact that itz hack sesme feather.covered. it has a distinetly metallic appsarance. if one can | combine feathers with the sheen nf | metal. The head portion of the creature Is creamy white. He has two mandibles |or feeders—antennae—which he di forward Inta the heart of each <o arate Phlox flowerst. He never misse nne. His wings keep up such an inces sant buzzing that it is impossihle tn descrihe them. He impresses one ac being a cross hetwasn a Humming hird and some sort af Moth. hut ther. i« more “bug"” to him than bird. o ow o however, it He lives in a desp hole in the hor der by the side of the peeriess white Augusta Viktoria rome. His burrow is an inch across; and if you fill it up with dirt. in the eve ning, it will be as clean as ever the next morning Hi& hum. as he crosses the garden | is fearful to hear. The roar of his | motor is almost terrifving, so loud it is. and so—well. hum Even the cat, Jack dated by the Sunday buz. He orig inally discove, it. going Into ite burrow. but lost all interest in it afte: he heard it in flight R | att, ie intimi * As for its habits. it seems fearless We have stood within a foot »f it watching it feed, withaut anv sign on the part of the creature that It recognized our presence It would have heen easy enough to 'eapture if. and get it identified. but | why should we? Here was the mys tery of life a.wing. happr and free |and we prefer it to stay that way. e Still Awake. From the Oklahoma Cits Dails Okiahoman | The world may quit sleap, according {to a chemist, hut It seems to many of ue that a gr2at number of its popula | tion abandoned sleep some time ago. Aiders and Abetters. From the Fort Worth Record-Telegram It is all wrong te assume roughnecks sare hern that way. barbers ard the laundries hav influence that The ! why the showing of it should give [ him any extrAordinary leverage in lthe campaizn is dificult to see. Is ithe simple performance of durv so xtraérdinary a thing that it should bring ahout all these effects in the | public mind? That is the most that {Mr. Tilden or anvbody else could An in the premises, and neither he nor anyhody else 15 entitled to or likely 1o recaive any extraordinary ‘svmpa- thy and admiration’ for it." ¥