Evening Star Newspaper, February 7, 1926, Page 43

REPUBLICAN PARTY SOLIDARITY ASSURED DESPITE OPPOSITION Coming Elections Will Find Lines of Alliance More Tightly Drawn and Blocs Disappearing, Charles D. Hilles Believes If the much more difficult of agricultural relief could {also be approached without partisan bizs, and a sound basis could be reached for a developing and a perma- nent national agricultural policy, that ite of a large body of Democrats [achievement, taken in connection with smaller group of Republicans |the non-partisan revenue legislation, SONEEuC of seating Senator | wculd be heralded as an American Nve is nt development. In |political Locarno. Almost cvery pro- Spee e and of | po thus far made for agricultural . shar nee of opinfon among |r gravitates toward price-fixing, Republican Senators over the consti-|and pricefixing runs counter to th tutionality of the method of ad-|law of supply and demand, and leads hering to the world court, the indica- | logically to a dole. ons boint to an increasing party inte-| The Democratic o rather, thun to the formation | debacle of the Madison Square con Th Seniton T e, - Dakota se. | eNtlon, is again faced with a di- cura® Senator from North Dakota se- | lemma.’ It can become more conserva- Bination' of fhe e o asom |itlve |t 3t twilli shake off the rity "1_1‘;{; "]v“’n“l ,;m;]':hfl' wing or it can become more ) e frho have an aversion Nt | the Soclalists by Tammany in New every branch and twig produced by it, | LOFK- _Its aim seems to be to become The objective of the Nre: Treaul, | more Democratic, more itself, less - © of the pro-Nye Repub-lcomposite party. It realizes that il icans ad to witl n que i & i e ic becomes more radical it is more tlon: that of the Den party |11y o t adv: On the other hand, the ty that made a stubborn t the court was compos both parties who were aid on that one. » portention of w gre their banding vantage. question BY CHARLES D. HILLES, Committee There is very little justification, in fact, for the conclusion reached by many persons that the union in the party, er the se- tl | millions ot who supported 1 E i ind yet knows that if it does so it must still be in a hope minority in a time of unexampled The Republican party in absorbed the Progressive party 3 nomination of Hughes. The | Demoeratic party in 1586 absorbed the Populist party by the nomination of an issue 16 opposition in em to be suffering | ' reaction which fol.{ Republicans may differ, but one nenacing third. | issue solidifies them. That the bloc | Wariff. They believe that a protective sd in | tariff sufficiently h 1o cover the reluctant to | Cifference between the cost of produc wdicals in | tion here and abroad is conterminous preserve their | With prosperity. They point to the La Follette fol of 1 , 1913-14 and parading under the |16 evidence. Democrats deny in Wisconsin, are | that this evidence is convincing and hout the country |adv L tariff for revenue only. It secur the in-'is the one sure means of party solid- r the absorption, of |arity in this vear 1926, when a new W York is the House and one-third of the Senate i Here the are to be elected and when the ad- \ccepted | ministration of President Coolidge is public opera- | to be approved or disapproved. As the and | campaign proceeds it will be seen, I r vote. | think, that because of this issue ex- tant result been |traneous elements will merge them- E those who are guiding the | selves into one or the other of the two tax bill throush the two houses. quite | great parties, which, after all, are still part from the merits of the bill. An | the sure means of voicing something cconomic problem is being solved | more than a mere protest. ithout any attempt to gain pa ad- | (Copyright, 16 Disarmament Is Ideal for America, But Question of Bargains for Europe hough name The present T the public rieved by tinued from First Page.) I to accord with its own inter and to conflict with its rivals. There is the danger and the problem for the United States in any European conference and particularly in a con- ference over issues which are mainly |if not exclusively Europe: It is not that Europe is dishonest, insincere, wicked or designing. It is not that there is a conspiracy to involve us in European complications. It is not by any means that Europe [ does not desire to see armies limited and military and naval forces re- duced. The fact is that, desiring all these things more passionately than we_do, for none of them burden us unduly or trouble us excessively, Eu rope can only approach the solution n a European way and with regard for European conditions. K the matter of disarmament thinking of an idea, there are no armaments in the world h are for us more than abstrac- tions, We are thinking of the r duction of armies more or less like the e process of signing the pledge to abstain from the use of alcohol. The whole European | conception, that nothing can be ac | complished save by a series of tre- mendously intricate adjustmes 1 balancings, by far-reaching political commitments, guarantees, treaties, general agreements and private agree | ments, regional pacts and the like, lis not only foreign to our concep- tions, but calculated to arouse our suspicions and stimulate our instinc- tive distrust of European methods. What has disarmament, the moral principle, got to do with the guaran- it regards es- Therefore no | reduce its estab- | receives assur- another form. eed under Versailles to e fuate e in January of last Germany complied various provisions of the when January came vet received any guar writy from By fore hing wa i ind for pr sation in the alle real German fai neverthe not vit For example. the treaty of the Co P ZC vear, provided France had not antee ain, the than to the occ haps basis Modified by Circumstances. When, however. the French had been Loci then, of tion Abstractions to settled by den, fon van- | will mair that there but a superficial with allied demand 4 But what had hap- pened was that the French view h.u!‘ been modified by @ wholly new set of circumstances. Before the Locarno pact was m: nd ratified the pres of the world had been filled with th angry debate ther German | evasions warranted refusal to evacuate, debate ended auto- matically when the matter of French security w All the solemn ns of the Al principles involved, all the equally solemn discussions of the prac. 1 question of fact with respect of rman evasions were just so much | waste motion. The truth was that France would not consent to leave the Rhine barrier until she had assurances of security which seemed to her ade- quate. Iut we, on our side of the ntic, accepted either the French esis that the Germans were guilty | grave faults or the German thesis the allies were guilty of gros: faith, just as if these werc real 1es invoived 1 Take one mo ample, the notori ous Upper Silesia plebiscite. Here on the face of it, a mere question of principle. There was an_election pre Seribed by the treaty, and in that elec tion 60 per cent of the people voted for Germany and 40 for Poland. But in the southern end of the plebiscite area the Poles had a majority, while the treaty said that the ultimate divi- sion should be made with regard to the voting in the varfous localities. In Slesviz the same principle had been invoked by dividing the plebiscite area into two districts, one of which \u.t(‘d for Denmark and the other for Ger- many. = we was anything man compliance under the tr the Dniester, or the at the Pinsk marshes? Why should a_ conference designed to reduce armies and thus to insure peace find itself dominated by discussions of treaties of insurance like that which Liovd George and Mr. Wilson Clemenceau cove should Europe, the limitation of armaments with un- | disguised concern for the sit in case of a new war which all, de- spite the fact of an arms conference and professions of love of peace, con tinue to regard as, at the least, a possible catastrophe in any future? Yet it is in this atmosphere and under these conditions that Europe will_discuss the iimitation of arm: ments. It is In terms of these bal ancing bargains that Furope will ap- proach hesitatingly, if at all, the question of cutting’ down by a divi sion or abandoning an airplane squadron. And it is in a welter of conflicting and clamorous interests, each seeking our ald, that an Amer: ican delegation must work, if at all. (Copyright. 1926.) Polish frontier zave that bad as a whole, Long War in Press. But at this precise moment Britain .nd France were at odds all over the Wworld. Poland was an ally of France, i irance was therefore eager to increase Poland's arei and her eco- homie resources. Britain was opposed. It was not a case either with the French or the British of any peculiar concern for the Germans or Poles, re- spectively. It was a collision of na- tional interests. » British and French pres: - long war, | each alleging every form of injustice | e course of the other. “‘!’I nally ”h) av a break the League | of Nations was called in and it took | the French view in large part. Poland ot the hest of the mineralized and in- dustrialized districts, in which, it uld be noted, the Poles had cast a ty of the vote: But not even cision of the league, which was inevitable, satistied the British, who denounced the league because it had de d for the ally of France. Yet at no long time in the future Lloyd George, who had contested the Polish rights to Upper Silesia, bitter- Iy, was supporting the Greek aspira- Asia Minor, which certainly ctter founded. while the 1 the Italians were support- urks. Again there was no ¢ devotion to abstract prin- British in Asia Minor following the line of nch in Poland—that is, the: sporting a useful ally, while ind the Italians were sup- Turks for precisely the tish had supported the | Trade Commission to Pass On “Mahogany”’ When is mahogany not mahogany? The United States Federal Trade Com- mission is called upon to solve this riddle, which has more than a. little commercial fmportance. There are a. number of dark reddish tropical hard- woods that lay claim to this name, which came to mean in woods what “sterling” means on silver, not long after the discovery of America. The. first woods to be called mahog- any were from the tree genus known to botanists as Swietenia. The five species in this genus have no common English names, and their wood is known simply by locality names, iike “Hunduras mahogany,” “Cuban ma- hogany,” etc. Woods of similar ap- pearance, though not necessarily of the menus Swietenia, are marketed under the trade names of *“Philippine mahogany,” “African. mahogany” and similar titles. The Federal Trade Commission is now trying to decide whether the use of the name ““mahog- any’ should be restricted to the single genus that first made it popular, or whether it should be broadly inter- preted to include all species now bear- ing it. tions in were no French a were v the French porting tha reason the Germans in Litde Real Chang despite _the of Locarno,” little real change in #ituation. There are still fundamen- | fal interests for cach country which | are contrary to those of another. | These inevitably will come to the sur- ‘ face when the arms conierence meets, just as they must always surface when Europe assembles any- | where. And the supre: effort !f\ each country will be to enlist Ameri- can aid agalnst a rival by the cham- pionship of some American prin- ciple whidg @ccidentally happens British Trains Safe. of the there has been the Buropean | Now, “spir advent It is something of a tribute to British mechanical efficlency that only one person was killed in a British railway accident in 1925. Statisties just published thus indicate the safety of travel in Britain. There were no major and only seven minor trai accidents, only a few injured per: and only one d Yet this record is not good as in some former years. In the last eight years in Fingland there have been only three fatal railway accidents. come to the ) 1y to zain the accession of the five | teeing of the Rumanian frontier alons | ng the Rhine? Why j ! discuss ! \ Well Known Contributor my early boyhood, when the, st sign of consciousness began | frequently seized by 2 mood of loneliness. My | house stood near the northern | end of the Musashi Plain, that sur-| rounds Tokio. When the sun set be-| hind the sublime Fuji and twilight | lingered over the vast fleld planted with mulberries and rice 1 would slip out of my house, sit on the grass of | ja small river bank and look at the| kening world around me with an abject sense of lonesomeness akin to awe. Another thing also invaded my | boyish consciousness with irresistible ! force—the beauty of nature. | Nobody told me about religion. Jap Juths on the average were cdu- | cated in the nineties, and 1 think still ., in an atmosphere free from ion The luddhist and Shinto rites were ormed around u: That { But it was their formal and not s tual side that was in evidence, and we ccepted them as a matter of fact. They did not make us think. * k¥ It was the challenge of Christianity that made a_great number of Japan vouths think. The flood of western sclence and Christianity that invaded the country after 1868 stirred the con science of the whole 1 n T vague loneliness of my early boyhood gradually changed into strong re ligious quest. I was rather precocious ind read a great deal. The books that came my way were, of course, differ- ent from those that would come the ¢ of an American boy. In the case of the latter, Christianity is the re ligion. In my case, I was thrown into the formidable problem of the contlict of religions. i The religious and philosophical { books that come the wav of a Japa | nese hoy or girl are of four different | kinds—Buddhism, m, Confu- cianism and Chr Your ach- |ing conscience and inquisitive mind have to grapple with this stupendous problem of comparative religion. But as a_nation wWe are not Strong on spec | ulative philo: We have a natur {that crav nd not spe lation. "Therefor ok at reli not much to how it ph | phizes as to discover how it functions { We look at the manifestations of r | ligion in human conduct. Of course, fl to dawn, T wa | | s0 loso to American Periodicals YUSUKE TSURUMIL I was not consvious of these things | when I was going through the first { conscious quest for religion. | * ok ok ligion that T came under I was 16 then. With boy I went regu {larly to ¥ ses of an American missionary. The next Winter I fel s ready to be baptized. Still there one question in my mind. It was {a simple question of a hoy. But I wanted to settle that doubt first. 1 | went to ses the missionary. She was ¢ 3 {a lady. 1 explained that I wanted to about salvatio; i y. be baptized. Then I asked her the|, ‘When lrl\lfmnun. ‘ ;‘l\“ 'v | " “You told me that salvation comes | he cor . did_you not?” | = replied. *““Well, then, what happened to thos ) . o wise men of Japan in ancient times? | & Jubancse i It was not their fault that they were | PEFEMERT D¢ {not baptized, because there was no s [:;]mh'u“mv) in Japan then. Are they | j9th tOF (C58 P dormant Fuddr Sk to a univers | not think th e N its reverence 15 eternity. ism and S the idea « away on t 1est to go to heaven through their sheer | baptism or sages of the old | it thre cord So the| answer of ting to | The first r was Christianity, { the simplic me rred th v's interp: religions that i 5 > tem Mr surumi, but 1 do she said That was a terrific_blow to my voung mind. In fact, I secretly was | looking down on some of my class. | mates who were I could not | find - anything T good in them. So the question in my mind was whether these ordinary boys wer: (fucian- | eeept | went us | | i | BY | HENRY W. BUNN. | HE brief s important port. The to give publ word, ect thereol ity, in the hest sense of | to @ mov very in-| ¥ sple ception. vin renascent ra the claim) would f: ore and make nger than iy spiritu: and inte] tual communion betw elf and her daughter. America. | prime was | followine is mary of the most 1 new of the world for the| H seven days ended February 6 | Great Britain, — Parliament ! was reopened on Tuesday with the | magnificence, except that, be cause of the recent death of Alesan women’s gowns were of sober he szovernment will propose | jon under the following heads { @) A scheme for suppiying electric cheap rates throughout . iin: (b) a bill providing for | retrenchments in administration: (¢) an cultural measure proposing gener ous credits for farmers—this in oppo sition to Lioyd George's scheme for nationalization of the land; (d) hous- | ing legislation: (e) probably, and most | important of all, drastic legislation for | the coal-mining industry. | The government is more firmly en- trenched than ever. Conservatives have been successful in recent by | elections. ; 1A conference will soon take place in { London of representatives of the gov- ernments of Great Britan, France, |(iPrlI\:||\\', Italy and Belgium to con- sider the question of equalization of hours of labor throughout that group of countries. The proposal is British and-contemplates removal of the com- ! hetitive disadvantage of British in- | dustry because of the shorter British working_ da # i According to “provisional” fgures. the birth rate of England and Wale during 1925 was the lowest on_the planet—namely, 18.3 per thousand, as against Russia’s 46.2 and France's 18.7 and the British birth rate of 24.1 in 1913. The marriage rate is about the same as before the war. * k% x Spain.—On January 31 Comdr. Fran- co and two companions, in an Italian- { built seaplane, landed on’Pernambuco | Harbor, Brazil, having negotiated the first complete flight from Europe to South America. They took off from Palos, Spain (whence Columbus sailed on his first voyage to America), and made the flight in four hops; Palos to Grand Canary Island, thence to Sao Thiago Island, in the Cape Verde group; thence to the Island of Fernan- do de Noronha, about 280 miles from Pernambuco; thence to Pernambuco. The take-off from Palos (after elabor- ate ceremonics and amid enthusiastic demonstrations) was on January 22. There were delays at Grand Canary and Sao Thiazo Islands because of the weather, but there was only one mechanical mishap. That, however, but for skill and courage, might have resulted disastrously. Landing was made after dusk on the 30th in rough seas of Fernando de Noronha. The next morning the rear propeller was discovered to be damaged. But off the gallant fellows hopped. About half way to Pernambuco the damaged propeller failed to function, but they managed to carry through wjth only the front propeller in action. The program of the aviators calls for flight south to Rio de Janeiro and thence on to Buenos Aires; then, a turn about north to the United States, and, finally, return to Spain; either via Labrador, Greenland, Iceland, etc., or vt (The hop to Rio was made without incident on February 4) The supra-Atlantic flight was a|mand has been submitted, or is soor handsome feat, but more important | .0 be submitted, by conductors anc than the flight itself, so creditable to|tralnmen on all the railroads of the ‘Spanish aviation, is its symbolic im-}country for restoration of the wage Germany.— On Jann A the Cole | cupation. German sovereiznty now completely restored therein It is understood that Germany will tomorrow apply unconditionally for admission to the League of Nations. The Nationalist efforts to prevent | application or at least have con ditions attached thereto, which might e expected to render it unacceptable have been defeated more decisively than one had allowed one’s self to hope. C many had a favor nce for December, 1925, of marks. The balance for the 1 was, however, unfavorable to the tune of about 4311 million marks, im ports totaling 00.000 marks in value, exports S$.838 millions. Prior to the war Germany regular h an_unfavorable balance. (It was million marks in But thi t by visible exports largely to the Reichsbank’s hard-headed policy of discouragin fo eign loans for the present the influ of foreign money into Germany has | mostly ceased. This makes the de- flation pangs more painful, but the ultimate effect will be wholesome. The number of German unemployed increased durinz the first half of Jan- uary from 1,497,000 to 1 000. * % x China.—~Little from China of late, which is most exasperating, since one feels sure there are things doing there spicy, fantastical, celestial, proper to our antipodes every way consid- ered. Why can't we have more news of the most interesting country, in many ways the most interesting peo- ple, on the planet But here at last teiling briefly of bl tween forces of Wu Peifu_on the| one part, and the southern Kuomin- chun (National People’s Army) on the other, the latter headed by the tuchun of Honan Province. Wu Peifu’s war- riors are said to include many d serters from the Honan tuchun army. 30 the Brit being | ble trade b 000,000 vear 1 was promising item, sl fighting be: Japan.—I noted last week the death of Viscount Kato, premier of Japan and leader of the Kenseikai party; in many ways a ver notable man. Prince Regent Hirohito has appointed Reijiro Wakat Suki premier ad in- man_ scarcely less notable than Kato. He was Kato's minister of home affairs and he succeeds Kato s head of the Kenseikai party. It is generally thought that he will be in- vited to form a new cabinet. He is a master of finance and ju prudenc one of the greatest athletes in Japan: and is said to be, unlike Kato, very cordially disposed toward the United States. * ok ok ox United States of Amer —A de | motion of the owner: When I was In the senior class of the university all my intimate friends came under the influence of an ex- traordinary Japanese teacher and were baptized. e did not belleve in church nd was preaching alone. However, I could not accept his theory of sin. I was left alone by all my friends. My friends said, and I sadly accepted the fact then, that I lacked a religious temperament. It took more than ten ws after I left the university before dually began to see what it was all about A dominant note of an Oriental mind is that it is intuitive. It leaps right into the heart of a thing and does not reason it out. We believe in that cli- macet -ap which comes once 1n life. I once felt that I made that leap. There I feit that I knocked against something. To me that is one’s reli- gion. That i planation. ot an anchor. u feel that y have ou shock the decent people of but T honestly believe that does not matter. 1 have con- refused to be labeled. I never at_people through thelr labels. I am of one mind with Lord Morley when he said, “It does not matter what truth you believe in: but it does watter whether you truly believe in it not.” It is particularly true in a scale established by the Raflway Labor Board in 1920. The railway operators say that such restoration would in- crease the total annual expenses of the roads by $300,000,000. The 1925 total net income of the roads is esti- s about $1,130.000,000. a little 1t 53, ‘per centum of the ¥ value of the roads (as ap- by the Interstate Commerce ion) which has Government sanction as a reasonable retu vestment. The operators wting of the demand would ruin many of the weaker roads. The renewed conference between representatives of the anthracite mine owners and the miners, respectivel ended without agreement on February 2; adjournment was taken sine die on ' representatives. The battle was practically confined to the issue of arbitration, the owners' representatives Insisting on compul- sory arbitration. The miners say that a pledge to give the utmost scope to moral _persuasfon, without surrender- ing the right to strike, is the limit they will go. They assert that such a pledze, together with the machinery proposed by them for dealing with disputes, would reduce almost to neg- ligibility the likelihood of strikes. The machinery would consist of a fact- finding commission, to be appointed by Charles E. Hughes, Gov. Pinchot and Secretary of Labor Davis, which would report to a conciliation board of three miners and three operators thout £n umpire, be it noted). The Pennsylvania Legislature is not mak- ing head with the anthracite problem. The reply of our State Department to the Mexican Government's reply to the note submitted by our Arbassador to Mexico on January 9, animadvert- ing on the new Mexican land and pe- troleum laws, has been delivered to the Mexican government. One could wish that all three notes were made public. Lieut. Comdr. Richard E. Byrd, who commanded the naval unit associated with the MacMillan Arctic expedition of last year, is to conduct an expedi- tion in the course of this vear with objects similar to those of the Mac- Millan_ expedition. He is said to be backed by a number of opulent gen- tlemen and already to have $100,000 in hand. It is to be altogether a pri- vate undertaking, and it is understood that Comdr. Byrd will be given leave of absence from the Navy. Apparent- Iy it has not been decided what type of craft to use, whether heavier or lighter than air. About 3 per cent of the farmers of the United States are recelving elec- tric power. * k Xk X Disarmament.—The first meeting of the commission which, under league uspices, is to prepare the way for an international disarmament conference s to be postponed. The league coun- cil at its March meeting will set a new date. The chief reasons for de- lay relate to Germany and Russia. It is desired that Germany become a member of the League of Nations be- fore participation of her representa- tives in the work of the commission, and it is hoped that as the result of negotiations likely to extend beyend February 15 (the date originally fixed for the first meeting) Russia may be aduced to participate. Really, con- sidering that Russia’s standing army is the largest in Europe, the com- mission without Russia would be like Hamlet without ‘the prince.” ¥ empirical and defies ex- | MY RELIGION: WHAT IT MEANS TO ME ARTICLE V BY YUSUKE TSURUMI country like Japan, where three dif- ferent faiths are in existence and you have to make your own decislon about your religion. When I tried to approach religion through the question of eternity 1 failed. When I was told that the right approach to religion was the recogni- tlon of original gin, I could not accept it. Yet there was something that made me constantly pray. It gradually dawned on me that I belleved in a” sublime scheme in the universe. 1 could not go on living without believing that there -was a meaning in all our apparently inde- pendent actions and deeds. Japanese have a passion for harmony. We do not think in the terms of individuals. We intuitively turn to the oneness of all the surroundings. Our individual self is only important in its relation to the whole scheme of the family, the village, the state, the world and the whole universe. * ok ok ok Look at the Japanese garden. It fs never an independent garden. It is always fitted into the distant moun- tains or the surrounding woods. It is harmony with the surroundings that we are trying to accomp! 8 The same with religion. My intuitive reaction was not so much concerned with the eternity of my own soul. It was the conception of the sublime scheme of the universe that thrilled me. It was again, the existence of a great will that ghided the unfolding of the scheme that was inspiring to me. It might run into the danger of the Oriental fatalism. The mentality of fatalism is to submit. The faith of the sublime scheme is to contribute Here I feel the unconscious influence of Buddhism.. I never studied Buddhism serfously until quite re- cently. In going through this great teaching I was astonished to find in me s0 much imprint of this. It was indeed a grand scheme of the world that the grfat thinkers of India thought out centuries ago. * % x % | However, the greatest driving power of my own religion was not the mere conception of the sublime heme of the unlverse. There was another thing that gave a driving force to the faith in this sublime scheme of life. That was the intense love of my own mother. My whole life turns around the memory of my dear mother, who died when 1 was stll in my feens. All the sacrifices she made for me and the genuine love she had for me began to be woven into my scheme of life. 1 could not bear the thought that she was wiped out of existence. With years the belief of the eternity of the soul began to grow on me. I gradually realized that the pang of | loneliness I felt in my young boyhood was the unconscious quest of soul for eternity. | “Here T now see my subconscious | Shintoism. The ancestor worship is the dominant note in the Japanese life. Being constantly under the in- fluence of Christianity, I thought that I was free from the power of Shinto- ism. In my religious reverence | toward my mother I now see the unseen power of the ancestral cult, although in a different way from the old Shintotsm. That is why I say that 1 refuse to be labeled. | 1ife that we modern people live mak it impossible to say definitely and with assurance under what influ- ences we have arrived at a certain kind of faith. In me I the mixing influences of Christi Buddhism, Shintolsm and Confucian- ism. And that is the religious and intellectual life of a modern Japanese. (Copyright, 1926.) The Story the Week Has Told Miscellaneous.—The discussion in the French Chamber of the supple. mentary tax proposals drags on and on. Apparently M. Berenger. French Ambassador to the United States, is awalting the result of ex- pected new Franco-British negotia tions concerning Frande's: debt to the new tiations concerning France's debt to the United States. This vear is marked for France by the fiftieth an niversary of the founding of the third republic. Lisbon has had another little insur rection, including a small military mutiny. There was some exchange of |artillery fire between loyal and insur rectionary troops, resulting in the wounding of six civilians, one serious- ly. The important insurrectors are now in quod, and everything is hunky- dory. The Portuguese insurrection is an efficlent and elegant sort of safety valve. Austria’s unfavorable trade balance of 1925 was about half that of 1924 Imports were cut down and exports steadily increased. It is thought, however, that further important cur- tallment of imports will not be pos- sible. Moreover, despite the above showing, Austria is said to be un dergoing an economic_crisls. 1fer unemployed number 240,000. ‘The question of Austrian economy is stili emphatically a question. In consequence of magnificent crops, Hungary's trade balance for November, 1925, was a favorable one: the first favorable balance since the war. Her 1925 wheat harvest com- pared with that of 1924 was in the ratio of 19 to 14. Rumania fared still better, with a ratio of 3 to Dictator Pangalos has issued a de- cree forbidding further enrollment of monks in Greece. Heads of monas- teries are commanded to dismiss all monks under 50 years of age. An interesting item comes from Moscow to the effect that ths Soviet government s willing to barter the crown jewels of the czar for Ameri- can agricultural implements and in- dustrial and agricultural machinery. An estimate, said to be conservative, gives the total value of the czarist collection as about $264,000.000. The population of Moscow, accord- ing to a census just completed, is 2,225,000, as against 1,618,000 in 1920 The marriage rate of the city is said to be much higher than it was prior to the war. Turkey has adopted the western cal- endar, no longer dating from the He- jira. The Mohammedan year 1344 is our year 1926. % The Angora government continues to punish Turks who refuse to wear hats. The other day several recusants were sentenced to death and others to long terms of imprisonment. A new treaty between Great Britain and Iraq has been signed by repre- sentatives of the two nations and rati- fled by the parliament of Iraq. It now goes before the Westminster Parlia- ment. It fixes the relations between Great Britain and Iraq so as to con- form to the conditions attached to the ward rendered by the league council on the Mosul question. Invitations are about to be issued for a pan-Islamic congress to convene May 13 and to elect a Caliph of Islam. This is a news item of the very first importance, The complex | Britain before instituting new nego- | a 5 [RAIL OPERATORS AND WORKERS SEEK UNINTERRUPTED SERVICE Principal Transportation Companies and Their Em- ployes Join in Supporting Measure in Congress to Keep the Trains Running During Dispute BY JOSEPH A. FOX. Compulsion founded on agreement. This is the basic principle of the new legislation sought by the great ads of the country and their em 10 preserve peaceful relations | and guarantee uninterrupted trans. | portation throughout the i States. | 1 | of an interruption to transportation it would report its conclusions within s after its creation, and for 30 \fter that report ka wou be precluded, according to the fram of the I » thus interpret a cla which s that during this period “no change, except Ly ngreament shall be me the parties to th controversy in condit whid s miss the dispute ay n is not erapower: witnesses or documents, The fi com whil knc infor in case to any would i is the Lahor m «nd wron agency cal fic purpos T 1 to subpoena exception With the sin e of the the i Southern, whic declined to join the movement, all the class1 ] those having gross oper: of $1,000,000 or more been pledged through their offic the pact embodied in the Watson arker bill, now pendin and shoulder to rail executives are the of 2,000,000 wor rs. Pass which in principle President Coolidge set adjustment machine 231,000 out of the miles of trackage linking the ind, its sors point out, start off employver and employe under an equal obliga tion Lefore the law to exert every ef-| fort to preserve harmony and crush the men recurrent strikes. Means End of If the new plan will mes hor B portation ct of span of life, the in = dings ¢ n woul this wou d where the f troubl disput repres diation handle the the backers of a mis has mad road Board. 1es into being, it Iroad La d und®®r the trans 1920, and in its she tacks, which it has failed to withstand adverse decisions of the Court having stripped this t its principal power 1 con 1of t on th enemies ey dered, other I the disput enter | was ostensibly nd, it is po! isput les 1 to foree it their tr nt for gree. to bring be adjustn ments, and, conditions ago, we W 10 abi the Right of App! m this deci ward rights of raiir { these, but to decid ought to be exercised for co-opera in running a railroad decision have no other s o public opinion Board’s Sole Duty. In other words, do was to go into'z attach the hla findings. the pub) where the fault rested. Supreme Court delivered an held that railroa submit disputes for bitration to the board. This also was i by the Pennsyl its three or s; r two e r one or mizht be, being s or, in ard of Jwered d, Labor Board on Capitol d effort having been of it in the Sixty- ess, when ganiz put up a strong for 1-Barkley bill whi i another the Loard exist was impc fou the which they conter - the workers the upp hand, and this was the status wk the managements and work )t gether on the D Pour measures have hee 1t of How h n islation. drawn ment, prior problen the transpo fect, it £ the katt | 1t nd emp {able effort agreements concer {rules and working condi tle all disputes, whetk the application ¢ or ctherwise, in orde interruption to com tion of any cs s a next step equi-y of adjustment would { both sides to pass on interpret controver | ments. These { instead of heing chose | . be ¢ the idea be r policies would prevail in the 1 of disputes by ing ad rs who likely would incline more ality than men right on th nd at least indirectly inte the matter at Their would be bin - is no® perf void or the oper: adequato ground. 1 ested in | decisio | Other Features Outlined. Additional latitude is allowed the ds and employes in this connection, of handling are free 10| is I re { too, for if some other form relations is desired, they choose it. Finally, the President would he em- | powered to establish a board of five | members, to be known as the board | of mediation, which would function in | case of deadlocks, either upon request | or by intervention, and use its best efforts to brin, ut a settlement be- tween the disputants. | When unable to effect ment, two other aven would be open to this board. It could request that the dispute be submitted to arbi tration. and if this was refected, it would.inform the President, who could choose an emergency investigatic commission to £o into the matter issue. sentatives of the curb on w This has bee hat the new duty” on er use every means to ma relations, and that likely couldresult in act being protect the ean interfer the further 4 be fou, isure ployer and an adjus Those bet never has y al ment and worker uniti time on a creation of thei If both sides agreed to arbitration, | studied_effort has been mac | However, the finding of the arbi- away from harsh, controversial lar trators would be final and binding, | guage, and draw up le tion in and would be formally entered as Fed- |which moral obligation w e the eral court orders to give them effect. |paramount factor, and which could in If the President was forced, on the | time be develoved in more perfect other hand, to convene an investigat- | form, thus ing up a code unds ing body—and this action would only | which force would he attempted only be taken where there was possibility 'after all othe sans had failed. ind the bi roved st il in indus t with manage own s to get Tiny Germs, Too Small for licroscope To Disclose, Cause Many Animal Ills Elusive, ultramicros life, minute those opic forms of which cause | Bunyea smallpox, scarlet fever, sleeping sick- | _Another germ too small for the mi- D s L croscope to disclose with ordinary ness and other dise: n hbman be-{Trcht rayvs 15 the ohe-that cavses tho ing ponsible for many of the | foot-and-mouth disease and which diseases of animals, which cause an 117 thas i beess mnde the aabient inestimable loss each year to farmers | of intensive investization. This dis- $of every country infects cloven-footed animals Dr. Hubert Bunyea, avian pathol-ling is very contas The. Uiited ogist of the United States Depart- ates Bu 1 of Animal Industry ment of Agriculture, reported to the |, commission investigating this 'Washington Branch of the Soclety of | subject in 1urope. The-Lureat op- American Bacteriologists on the Work | poses the importation of any fore that has been done in the control and | yiruses fo this country, even for s eradication of these diseases in the |antific study, in fear of thelr spread- United States and other countries.|ing, and prefers to study them where Rabies, foot-and-mouth disease, hog | the diseases ocour. cholera, fowl pest and birdpox, he| Iiog cholera, which once nea PRlNaxe: outstamding (exarniles | nihilated the swine industr While the economic losses due 10! parts of the country, also is due to & rabies are not as great as some, it is|virus of the extremely small kind. a very prevalent disease. All mam-|The actual orzanism is stll unknown, mals, including man, are susceptible | although Setiim: with proteciive to it. It exists among the predatory | power has been in use for years. animals of the Northwest, and th = adds to its econamic as well as its public health aspect. The disease has been deprived of much of its horror by the discovery of Pasteur that animals and people could be rendered immune by re- treatment with weakened of the virus. But the process is compli d and costly, and efforts to simpli nd make it practical for everyday use as a preventative in the case of domestic animals have Ilmt yet been entirely satisfactory Bunyea said. D | rec ous. Only 8 of the nearly 40 men whi | b erved Great Britain as prime ministers can be said to have had any other profession than that of politics. Of these, two were soldiers, one a novelist, one a business man, while four follqwed the I e or ten achieved ‘some dist in litera ture, apart from politics, and half dozen were notable on the turf or in the hunting field.