Evening Star Newspaper, August 16, 1925, Page 39

BIG ISSUES ON AGENDA OF PARLIAME NTARIANS Arms Limitation, Drug Curb, Codification of International Law and National Minorities to BY HENRY L. SWEINHART. ITH practically 300 dele- gates present from the parliaments of 35 nations, d with many topics of ernational interest on the twenty-third confer- iter-Parliamentary Union, in the | of t House October 1 to one of the m which the heéld. n-born member rliament, will be one of the con- ; eved that here be woman delegates also from e of the other countries. Distin- guished and outstanding members of the world’s various national con- es are included among those who ady have announced their inten- tion of coming. The American group is headed by Senator Willlam McKin- ley of Illinois, who doubtless will be chosen as president of the conference. Subjects Before Union. ) be ther s ever ol ent ional us dr the vities, the e present and_its reme- an Union, and nderstanding the important subjects to be ussed The ort which “Elihu Root, former Secret of State of the United States and Senator from New York, will make to the conference on the ‘‘codification of international law" and the ensuing discussion will consti- tute probably the most important and interesting feature of the meet- ing. It is believed that the debate on this question and the proposals which will be presented as a result may lead to the calling of tional conference which especi: d with the Taw. dopted, would interr virtuall Con- swever, r that The be pre- ence on the sub- tion of international with Mr. Root as its sponsor, ate the matter as follows: International Code. g with satisfaction ken by the commit- led together by the ns to indicate the tional law suit- gressive codification, this nevertheless considars d to follow would a general and codification, made during to defini of the ituted be- ions, to providing for rent of disputes o threat of that to the application, if of methods of execution anction, and invites the com- mittee for the dy of juridical questions to present proposals for the w, amon; di probably ew ference. that it wou name or d draft resolution sented to the co: Jject of ‘“codific law, will s the labor: tee of experts League of N questions the de- | Be Disc_ussed. this purpose to a forthcoming con- terence of the Union. “These proposals,” the resolution will say, “would eventually be sub- mitted to an international conference called for thé purpose of effectuat- ing the codification of internatlonal |1aw.” Declaration of the rights and duties of nations, and the criminality of ars of aggression ‘and the organ- ation of international repressive measures, will be other topics dis- cussed undér the general subject of the development of international law. International effort to prevent the misuse of dangerous drugs will be one of the most vital and interest- ing subjects on the program. . In this connection the attention of the con- ference will be called to the fact that the agreements reached at the two conferences at Geneva from Novem- ber, 1924, to February, 1925, made a somewhat modest advance toward final suppression of the abuse of dan- gerous drugs; and therefore the gath- ering here in October will be asked to recommend that the parliaments and governments of the nations sig- natory to the Geneva drug agree- ments see that they are ratified with- nd indispensable measure for an effective continuation of the humanitarian struggle against the misuse of drugs.” Latin Americans Attending. Great Britain, France, Ttaly, Ger- many and practically all the other European nations, it is expected. will be represented through delegates from their respective parliaments at the meeting. Six of the Latin American nations already have accepted the in- vitation, and it is believed that a num. ber of others will come. Those al- ready heard from are Haitl, Hun. duras, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru and Venezula. This year will be the first time that the American republics, other than the United States, have participated in the Inter-Parliamen- tary Union conference. Among _those coming Trom Great ain will be Lady Astor, Sir Arthur rne, Arthur Henderson and Brig. 5. L. Spears. Germany will send o group of 36 members, among them Josef-Karl Wirth, former chancellor; Dr. Rudolph Breitscheid; Dr. Bern- hard Dernburg; Walter Schucking: jand Paul Loebe, president of the | Reichstag. The United States which is entitled to 24 votes at the meetings of the union will be.represented by at least 40 members of the national congress. Ireland is reported to be sending a delegation of five of its strongest parliamentarians. During their visit to Washington the parliamentarians will be received at the White House by President Cool- idge; they will be the guests at a state: dinner by Secretary of State Kellogg; and-also will be guests of the Chamber of Commerce of the United States. Arriving in New York eptember 28, they will be received Mayor Hylan; and they will ven an official reception in Philadel- 1 on September 307 Returning to | New York after their sessions here they will be entertained by the Car- negip Endowment for International | Peace; and on October 10 will leave for Niagara Falls where they will be met by the Canadian group whose guests they will become. The sittings of the conference will be held October 12 and 13 in the Canadian Parliament building at Ottawa. (Covyright. 1925.) | Reform in U. S. Taxes Is Congress’ Great Objective in Coming Session (Continued from First Page.) Tilson, “to compare conditi United ons in the States with those abroad, and certainly no comparison shou attempted which does not take into consideration the much heavier bur- den the war on our allies and our enemies proportion to their financial and numerical _strength. There are enough similarities, how. ever, to convince me that the remedy needed abroad is the same remedy needed here, namely, economy in Government expenditures and a taxa- tion system which will raise the great- est amount of revenue without inter- fering with business to such an ex- tent that the effect will be to kill the goose that lays tha golden egg. d Economy Need Seen. “In Europe they are just beginning to realize the necessity for a rigid pro- gram of economy. In this country, thanks to the foresight of our Re- publican leaders in Congress and to the determined efforts of President Coolidge, such progress has been made in this direction that we have already been able to reduce taxes to a sub- stantial degre: e task now before us is to ¢ program of econ- omy S0 W nd to reform tax- ation to 1 improved conditions, reducing I s to such 2 point that the maximum of revenue will be raised with t mum interference with e and eliminat- ing ve inheritance be | taxes, which constantly keep business in unrest. “While abroad I tried to observe |conditions carefully, and obtained as much information as I could concern- | ing political and economic. conditions, |so that I might have the benefit of | this information in my werk in Con- {gress during the next two years. I returned with the conviction that throughout the world, as in the United |States, the pendulum of public thought |is swinging toward conservatism, away from the belief in quack remedies for public {lls and back to the principle that the success of the state as well as the individuals who compose it must be founded on hard work, economy and common sense. ‘Wealth Means Work. ““The individual can acquire wealth only by earning it. The state must support itself by taking away from the individuals who compose it part of ‘what they earn. It is right and proper that those who earn most should pay most, but our own experience and ex- perience abroad has proven that we must not carry this principle so far that productive enterprise will be dis- couraged by exorbitant taxation. “We have made greater strides in the United States in the direction of normal conditions than any other country which was engaged in the great war, as I found conditions. “‘Having found the right road, how- ever, we should not loiter on the way but press onward as an example to the rest of the world.” California to Have Great Laboratory. Where Earthquakes Will- Be Studied One of the foremost sclentific insti- tutions in the country devoted to the study of earthquakes and thelr causes will be erected in Pasadena, Calif. Work been started by the Cali- fornia Institute of Technology on this selsmological laboratory, and it is ex- pected that the new building will cost approximately $40,000 A tw v concrete structure will be buil ment, a graphic room, room in which nt-temperature e will.be a tunnel mological room, a radio room, room and a be located the offices of the laboratory. ‘With the completion of this build- To Construct and De More than §70,000 has been raised by a special committee of the Engi- Found: to settle old, will dam 100 a trib- Joaquin River, about 60 miles east of Fresno, Calif. gineers of Americ nd urope are aiding the plan, which is attract- ing world interest among engineers. “Testing to destruction” an actual structure, it was said, is new to en- gineering effort. About $100,000 will be spent to determine by this method the principles of concrete arch design. The arch dam investigation is being made by members of the American Soclety of Civil Engineers in co-oper- ation with the United States Bureau of Reclamatih, the States of Califor- ing, Pasadena will have added an. other department to her sclentific re. search work. Located on Mount Wil son, in Pasadena, is the great Mount Wilson Solar Observatory, housing the most powerful telescope in the world. The observatory domes and towers contain seven telessopes in all, three refracting and four reflecting, the largest of which is a 100-inch reflec. | tor, costing approximately $500,000. The disk of this huge telescope was cast by the St. Gobain Glass Co. of Paris, and required four years to con- struct. Here, it is reported, Prof. Einstein, propounder of the theory of relativity and winner of the Nobel prize in physics in 1922, is planning to continue his work on the quantum theory this Winter. stroy Great Dam In Solution of Engineering Problems nia and Oregon, the city of San Francisco, Los Angeles County, power companies, irrigation districts, uni- versities and individual engineers. During the Summer the foundation for the dam is being ‘prepared and other initial steps taken in construc- tion work. A large number of spe- al instruments - for measuring stresses, taking temperatures and ob- serving the slight movements of the dam during its_construction and test- ing will be made. These instruments will be carefully tested at the Bureau of Standards in Washington before being put into the dam. The tests, it is ‘said, will be useful in THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., AUGUST 16, 1925—PART The Story the Week Has Told BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is a briet sum- mary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended August 15: The British Empire. — On August 7 Parliament adjourned to No- vember 16. A three-week strike of 200,000 work- ers in the textlle manufacturing in- dustry is over. The strike was caused by the operators’ announcement of an 8 per cent wage reduction. The strikers resumed work at the old wage schedule pending consummation of a new agreement to be based on the recommendations of a court of in- vestigation, which both parties are pledged to accept. There is a good deal of distress in both the Irish Free State and Ulster because of ungmployment, but it would seem that the reports alleging deaths from starvation in Clonnel (Tipperary) ‘were false. The percentage of unem- ployment in Ireland is said to be slightly higher than that in England. As might be expected from the slump in the shipbuilding and linen indus- tries, Belfast is hardest hit. An all- Ireland labor congress was recently called for remedial action by both the Dublin and the Belfast governments. The Ulster Parliament has been sum- moned to meet in special session on September 1 to deal with the crisis. I erroneously stated last week that Sen Gupta had succeeded C. R. Das as chief of the swiraj, or home rule party of India. C. R. Das’ suc- cessor is Pundit Motilal Nehru. Sen Gupta is head of the swarajists of Bangel only. The Liberal, oy moder- ate, party of India is hard hit by the recent death of its leader, Sir Suren- dranath Banerjea. e Germany.—At last Chancellor Luther has pushed his tax and tariff legisla- tive program through the Reichstag. The sweltering worthies have man- aged to carry on through liquid alle- | viation whereof a géod Americen may only speak shudderingly. The high protection of foodstuffs is the salient feature Of the tariff program. The discussion - thereof caused a sort of red rables. Dally the Communists, led by that grand dame, Ruth Fischer, launched forth in billingsgate and insult. Dalily the Reichstag plain clothes police entered and ejected a Red orator or two. On August 9, while & detachment of the Reichsbanner (the great organ- ization which champions the German republic) was marching through a Ber- lin street on its way to a Republican rally, it was attacked by a group of the Stahlhelm, a monarchistic outfit. In the melee one Stahlhelm hero was killed and a number on both sides were injured. On Tuesday, the sixth anniversary of the adoption of the Welmar con- stitution was “celebrated” in the Reichstag chamber. The ceremony, one hears, displayed the blitheness and joyance of an October picnic, “by the dank tarn of Auber in the ghoul-haunted woodland of Weir.” The saddest music in the classic reper- tory deepened the gloom. The floral decorations were funereal. A good time was had by none. There was, however, one bright spot in the speech of the day. by a held in Dublin, resolutions of which | Bonn professor, in which he congratu- lated the German youth on bhaving escaped “Americanized life and Asiat- icized thought.” That was a good one, professor. - * % ok % Syria.—It would seem that the de- tachment of 200 French troops be- sieged in the citadel of Suweda, Jebel Hauran, Syria, is still holding out against the Druses despite desperate insufficiency of food and water. The dispatches do not make clear what steps have been taken during the past week for dealing with the insurgent Hauran Druses beyond the bombing of villages by airplanes with infliction of perhaps a few score of casualties, including those of women and children. I mentioned last week the disasters to two French columns sent to the rellef of Suweda and cited a report which gave their total casualties as 200 dead and 600 wound- ed. These figures are shown by later reports to be approximately accurate, but our information is still imperfect. The first colunin consisted of 170, of- ficers and men, apparently French- men, of these 70 escaped. The second column consisted of 8,000, including 900 French officers and men and 2,100 Syrians and others, convoying a mixed supply and muni- tions train. The Syrians and other non-French behaved badly and fled. The French fought their wav back to their base against terrible odds. The Druses captured the train com- plete. All sorts of rumors are afloat re- porting propagandist influence from abroad fomenting the insurrection, as that agents of King Falsal of Irak, that bitter enem been at work. Whatever the truth or falsity of these reports, no doubt the insurrection gives pleasure to most Arabs, whether of Syria, Palestine, Irak or Arabia proper: no doubt the Bedouins are co-operating more or less with the Druses, and no doubt-the Syrian troops under the French colors are not to be trusted for the work of suppressing the insurrection. The French mandate of Syria has brought the French little but toil and trouble, but French prestige will not allow of chucking ft. ik Mosul.—The report of the League of Nations commission on the Mosul area in dispute between Turkey on the one part and Irak and Great Britain on the other, is a_somewhat curious document. It offers solutions without stating a prefer- ence, but I think it a proper inference that it esteems the solutions in the order shown below, which is their order in the report: Solution I—The disputed area to be incorporated: with the Kingdom Irak and on_condition that Irak con- tinue under British mandate for 20 or 25 years longer. (By the treaty of 1923 between Britain and Irak the mandate status of Irak was to termi- nate four years after consummation of the treaty) In this case a con- siderable measure of autonomy should, says the report, be bestowed on the Kurdish district in the north- east. Solution II—The reversion of the disputed area (except as stated below) to Turkey. For some time to come a completely autonomous Irak would, in the commission’s opinion, be far less of the French, have | three | be | ous.” / likely than Turkkey to provide stable and just government. Under this solution the district including the head ' water of the Diala and fits northern tributaries should go to Irak as important to the latters’ cotton irrigation system. Solution III. The disputed area to be partitioned between Turkey and Irak as shown in detail in the report (Turkey to get about two-thirds, in. cluding the ofl region, and same re- marks as above as to the Diala head waters). The commissioners state ex- cept for the Kurdish district there is too much racial confusion to allow of glving weight to ethnical con- siderations. They remark that Irak, though still very unstable, has made great progress under the British man- date and think that continuance of the mandate for 20 or 25 years mignt securely stabilize the country. * * % x China.—Shanghai agitators have created a serious situation at Tientsin. On August 8 a strike riot was started on a flimsy pretext in an American owned mill, whence the American manager and his family had to flee for their lives. The Chinese author- ities sent police and soldlers to pro- tect the mill, which the latter succeed- ed in doing against a stone-throwing and frenzied mob, without, apparently, any casualties. The strikes followed in other foreign-owned mills, and the British-American Tobacco Co. factory was seriously threatened. On the 11th Inferno broke loose for fair. The Chinese authorities pro- ceeded to station police and soldiers at the foreign plants. A mob, however, caused damage estimated at $500,000 to a Japanese mill not so guarded and several Japanese at sundry places were assaulted. At one mill the guards fired at the legs of the mob, wounding several. On the 12th a vast mob tried to rush a guarded plant and the guards, finding their rifie butts ineffective, fired, killing and wound- ing many. It will be recalled that when the anti-foreign outbreaks began some weeks ago, Chang Tsolin dis- patched a carefully selscted body of Manchurians to Tientsin. All of the Chinese employes of the British legation at Peking, numbering about two hundred, are on strike. Tuan Chi Jui, the provisional presi- dent, appealed to, while professing a | desire to bring back the strikers, pro- tested his helplessness, the strike, he observed; being an nation-wide patriotic movement. It is reported that Chinese educational as- sociations in the provinces of Che Kiang, published a manifesto foreign missionary schools as “‘poison- as suppressing freedom of thought, as inimical to Chinese ideals, etc. * ok x United States of America.—In con- sequence of the week’s developments, an anthracite strike on September 1 seems a trifle more likely than it did a week ago. An alrways corporation has been organized, headed by John Hays Ham- mond, jr.; Herbert Satterle and Gen. Clarence B. Edwards. It contemplates and airship service, at first between New York and Chicago only. If this should prove successful, to link up other important cities of the country; expression of a | Kiang Su and Hupeh have! denouncing | - it ditto, on to Havana, Panama, and, finally,” Europe. But the company must have some assurance of success, based on experiment, before it can risk the large outliy required for building. It asks the Government to lease it the Los Angeles, manned by naval officers. It would run the Los Angeles_between New York and Chi- cago. Should that experiment give promise of success for a service con- ducted with faster and more commo- dious craft, the company would pro- ceed to construct ships of double the capacity of the Los Angeles, capable of carrying 100 passengers with bag- gage, and 50 tons of freight, and a cruising speed of 70 miles or more per hour. The passenger charge, New York to Chicago, would be $75, or 10 cents per mile. Helium would be used. Should there be* promise of success for freight service on the grand- scale, spectal freighters would be built, using hydrogen mixed with Position Described BY REBECCA WEST. HE position of women in Eng- land might well seem to the casual observer to hage im- proved but little durifig the last 20 years. It might not unfalrly be compared with the position of the educated negro in the United States. The negro of the past who re- sented being treated as the white man's inferior was told by Booker | ‘Washington that all would go well with him if he would prove to all the world that such inferiority a leg- end by becoming as well educated, as industrious, as respectable as the 15 to 20 per cent o hellum gas (a per- fectly safe mixture, it is claimed). Another condition precedent for suc- cess is proper air navigation legisla- tion by Congress. Without such leg- islation (Mr. Hoover has the bill ready) ‘the required capital couldn’t be tempt- ed into the enterprise. Establishment of an intermediate base for the airplanes of the MacMil- lan expedition (i e., intermediate be- tween Etah, Greenland, the naval base, and Cape Thomas Hubbard, Axel Heiberg Land, the advanced airplane | base), has been delayed by bad flving conditions. This is most unfortunate, as the period assigned for aerial work s sufficiently brief, the plan: | expedition calling for homeward parture from Etah about September 3, to escape being ice-locked. Another plece of Rard luck is that, there being no beach at or near Etah suitable for taking off, the planes must take off from the water. Taking off from the water, they can carry gasoline for a cruising radius of 700 miles only. Could they take off from land, they could carry enough gasoline for a radius of 1,000 miles. And now, still worse luck is the damage by heavy seas of one of the three planes while anchored off Etah, so severe that she may be out of the game. ik Notes.—There is nothing of salient fmportance to record in Moroccan de- velopments of the past week except that French and Spanish troops-have { come together and have jointly oper- ated In the Wezzan sector. Mustapha Kemal Pas of Turke; Ly -decree | himself, divorced hi Hanoum, whom three vears ago. The wh ness has not been disclosed, but the prevailing rumor has it that the lady proved too masterful for the comfort of the father of New Turkey. She is famous as champion of “woman’s rights.” M. Briand, the French foreign min- ister, accompanied by M. Berthelot and other experts, has been in Lon- don discussing with Austen Chamber- lain and his expert advisers a French reply to the Berlin note of July 20 concerning the proposed Anglo-French- Belglan-German security pact; to dis- cuss also, perhaps, this or that fough draft of such a pact. General agree- ment was reached op the terms of the French reply. President BY HOWARD 8. BRAUCHER, Secretary Playground and Recrea- tion Association of America. Citles of the South have made re- markable progress in public recrea- tion since the war. In 1919 not more than half a dozen citjes in the South had year-round recreation programs for their people. Today there are 35 with all-year recre- ation under leadership, besides many others which furnish organized play a part of the year. The sunny South, which has steadfastly preserved its rich tradition of leisure since colonial times, is today building on that tra- dition by enthusiastically organizing recreation opportunities for the great body of its citizenry. Memphis Spénds $15,000,000. In Memphis, to cite one example, $15,000,000 have been expended in parks, playgrounds, swimming pools, a museum and other facilities. To maintain this great system for the en- joyment and betterment of the pedple, a mandatory tax of 15 cents on the $100 is levied and ylelds an annual revenue of $837,500. When critics protested what they called “throwing away the people’'s money for foolish- ness,” the mayor replied: “The money was expended for the purpose of mak- ing a better city in which to live.” In Fort Worth Mayor Cockrell recently stated: “I have had the opportunity of observing Fort Worth when it had no program of play and I now see it as it has an active program in actual operation. The result leads me to this firm conviction: That town or city without a recreation program is unfortunate. Swimming pools, golf courses, base ball diamonds, basket ball courts, croquet grounds andlall the rest of the activities are tre- mendously important assets to a city when under the inspiration and lead- ership of trajned men and women.’ The great progress made in Jack- sonville, Asheville, Houston, Dallas, New Orleans, Richmond and a score of other cities might also be cited. It is in recognition of this advance that the Recreation Congress will meet in a Southern city, Asheville, in October, bringing together 600 or 700 recrea- tion leaders from the United States and Canada. The South has contributed to the growth of the national movement in recreation, not only in what its cities have accomplished, but also in the . Fire Engine’s Harm Greater Than Fires As a result of the enterprise of an American company which in 1895 sent Frank Moffett, brother of Rear Ad- miral Moffett, to Manila to sell the city a fire alarm system, the Philip- pine capital now owns the largest fire engine in the world. Mr. Moffett did not eell his fire alarm system until the United States occupied the Philip- pines, but he talked enough about fire apparatus to induce the head of the fire commission of the old Spanish city to visit New York. Seeing the engines, this man- inquired how big they could be built. “As big as you want,” the maker replied. Well, he wanted a big one, indeed. So there was made to his order an engine so huge that a man can walk upright under its trucks. It throws a four- inch stream strong enough to knock down any wall in the city. Its con- nections do not fit the fire plugs; a dozen horses would have a hard time to pull it, and in taking water from the river or esteros a 12-inch mesh screen must be placed over the mouth of its hose to prevent its sucking fish- designing and building other concrete structures, particularly other types of dams and arches for other pur- poses. ermen out of their bancas. It has ( SOUTH MAKING RAPID STRIDES IN PROVIDING FOR RECREATION Thirty-five Cities Have Year-Round Playground Ac- tivities Under Leadership—Others Furnish Part-Time Programs. services of such leading -citizens as Robert Lassiter of Charlotte, N. C., and Mrs. Arthur G. Cummer of Jack- sonville, Fla., on the directorate of the Playground and Recreation Associa- tion of America. Former Gov. Mor- rison and Senator Lee Overman of North Carolina, Judge W. S. Criswell of Jacksonville, F. R. McNinch, for- mer mayor of Charlotte, and many other leaders join in praising organ- ized recreation because {t is enriching individual and community life Everywhere the conviction is steadily growing that George Eliot was everlastingly right when she wrote: “Important as it is to organize and direct the industry of the world it is more important fo organize and direct the leisure time of the world.” | |HOW A “BAD” BOY IN GEORGIA IS HELPING MAKE BOYS GOOD Remarkable Story of “Bill” Ireland, Who Was an Inmate and Now Is Superintendent of State Reform School. BY MILLARD FERGUSON. Five years ago “Bill"” Ireland was convicted in one of the juvenile courts ot Georgia of being a “bad boy gen- erally” and committed for an indefi- nite period to the Georgia Training School for Boys at Milledgeville, which is another way of saying that he was sent to the State reformatory, for that {s what the school is. Today Bill Ireland is superintend- ent of the school, having just been appointed to succeed Mrs. Orian Man- son, deceased, who held that job, and with Bill's agsistance as her first. lieu- tenant did #t well, even if she was a woman dealing = with delinquent youths. Bill Ireland, “bad boy generally,” has changed in five years to Willlam E. Ireland, 2 quiet, business-like man, Radio Is Molding the Public’s Taste To an Appreciation of Better Music BY SIGMUND SPAETH. Radio, outside of its obvious utility as a purveyor of news and publicity (there’s a difference), seems to have attained its chief significance in the fleld of music. Broadcasting stations all over the country recognize the im- perative need of good musical features, and in most cases thelr greatest prob- lem is to achieve the proper balance between the popular and so-called “‘classical” numbers. ‘When an international convention was broadcast recently a group of musiclans was kept on hand at the local studio, ready to leap dnto the breach with a ‘“close harmony” quar- tet or a group of solos whenever the speeches and committee reports might begin to weary the invisible audience. Every speaker or speclalist at the microphone knows that his chances of success are greatly increased if he can “break up his act” with e little music. Must Have Effect. ‘This aerial flood of mefody and har- mony must be having some effect' on America’s taste in music, and its most_encouraging feature lles in the possibility of thus developing an esthetic honesty hitherto almost un- known. It has been customary in the past to treat music and matters of art in general with something akin to | hypocrisy, or at best with a feeling of high-minded duty rather than the frai enjoyment of a sincere and di- rect pleasure. Today, however, the radio auto- matically dismisses all pretense and gets right down to the hard facts of individual preference, The wearer of the earphones, or even the devotee of the loud speaker, need consult no one’s opinion but his own. He has no duty to consider, no esthetic pose to pre- serve, no critical snobbery or tradi- tional prejudice to fear. Listening to music for itself alone, not knowing or caring who is singing or playing (and in concert and oper- atic circles this has always been far more important than what was being sung or played), he has a chance to make up his mind in straightforward, uncompromising fashion, without even worrying about the possibility of changing it later. Knowing that a mere twist of a knob will imimediately remove the par- ticular performance to which he is lis- tening, the radio fan necessarily lends his ears with a more open spirit than if he were chained to a seat in a re- cital hall, unable to move till the last encore has subsided, and fearful of any manifestation of personal taste beyond been used only once and it did more the conventional applause. damage than the fire, If he likes a piece, he welcomes its return on the air, and if it bores him he dismisses it without ceremony. Statistics havé shown that the life of the average popular song is shortened by at least six months through the ministrations of the radio. The in- evitable point of satlety is reached Just so much sooner when a tune of no permanent value is heard 8 or 10 times a day iInstead of only 2 or 3. This has caused much complaint among those whose business it is to feed our apparently limitless jazz- stomachs. ‘Won’t Resent Discipline. It is not likely that music lovers will resent such discipline, however. If they have confidence in music to work out its own salvation, they will wel- come any agency that may stimulate a more logical development of taste. Music which can stand repeated hearings, irrespective of the prestige of its interpreters, is generally good music. The only test of a classic, after all, is its permanence. Perhaps the radio will accomplish the double miracle of setting aside the laws of time and simultaneously creating a race of discriminating listeners, inde- ‘pendent of cant, second-hand judg- ments and all the other piffie df the esthetic complex. “Garibaldini” Revue 50-Year-Ago Memory One of the impressive features of the procession in honor of Victor Em- manuel’s twenty-fifth anniversary as King of Italy, was the squad of 50 “Garfbaldini,” who more than half a century ago fought their way with “the liberator” from Marsala to Capua. Not only in parades, but often on orcinary davs one may see these pic- turesque old men, with their red shirts and their long white beards and fre- quently in white trousers, hobbling along the streets on canes, sometimes mumbling to themselves and eyeing curiously ‘the noisy, white, modern Rome, S0 different from the sleepy reddish-brown city for which they of- fered their lives. 1s the reverence which they inspire the “product of a romantic legend? Perhaps. But they have a sound title to honor. They never attacked a foe wegker In arms and numbers than themselves. They never persecuted the weak. They never humiliated or mistreated a conquered foe. They never confiscated the property of the poor. Not all the younger Italians ‘who have used violence for patriotic ends have as good a record as theirs. Wwho is doing more than anybody else in the State to show delinquent youths that bucking the world and its codes and regulations will get them nowhere, except {nto trouble, and that obedience to law is neces- sary to success and happiness. TUnderstands Bad Boys. { He is dolng this through sym- pathy. He was a bad boy himself and he knows that you can't “beat” re- form into that type. You've got to understand the boy, see his problems, pat him on the back and help him. “After all, there aren't any bad boys in our school,” says Bill “They're just fellows who have been neglected and misunderstood. There is plenty of fine material in them all right. The thing is to get their con- fidence, make them know you're a real friend, then find out what's been the trouble with .them. “Most of these fellows never had a chance. They grew up in neglect with the hand of the world seemingly against them. When we get them here, clothe them right, feed them, teach them and give them the sort of employment that makes them hale and hearty they change in an amaz- ing_fashion.” None has changed more than Billy Ireland himself. He was sent to the institution by a court at Valdosta, Ga., and it seems that from the minute he set foot within its doors he swore to make good. The reason was that Mrs. Manson, then superintendent, put the situation to him in the right light, showed him where he was head- ed and asked him to be a man instead of a bad boy. In a little while Bill was a “trusty,” in a little bit more Mrs. Manson put him in charge of the farm at the school, and it was not long after that that he was her secretary and her first lieutenant. When she died the logical thing was to make Bill Ireland super- intendent in her place. The trustees weren't actuated by sentiment in choosing Bill. They made the one time “bad boy generally” superintend- ’en; because he was the man for the job. Believes in Teaching Trades. He is working 15 hours a day now to make the training school the best of its sort in the country. One of the things he is after is more equipment for vocational training. He wants more shops built so that every boy who goes out will be equipped to earn an honest living. “The strongest weapon you can have in this battle of life is an honest, respectable trade,” says Bill. “That's what I want to give them.” The Georgia Training School now has 75 boys of all types, big and little, town boys and country boys. Thers is a 450-acre farm attached to the school, and the boys work there after school hours. They also work in the black- smith and carpenter shops, and have bullt a canning factory where they will put up some of their Summer- grown products for use in the Winter. (Copyright. 1925.) e Filipinos Bread Eaters. Filipinos, prospering under Ameri- can sovereignty, are becoming bread eaters. This may be an explanation of why they are able to win the Far Eastern Olympic games. Last year they bought about $8,000,000 worth of flour from the United States. Prior to the American regime flour for the Philippines came chiefly from Au- stralia. In 1899 only $66,000 worth was bought from the United States. Now, with hundreds of bakeries in Manila, baking machinery is also bought im America. - white man. He has done all these things. There are innumerable ne- groes who have had distinguished ca- reers at the universities, who are prac- ticing the professions or engaging in commerce and industry with the ut- most credit, and the negro community is very often_highly respectable and progressive. But the white man's at- titude has altered hardly at all. Women in England are in very much the same position. In the past they were treated as inferior to men on the ground that they were incap- able of rising to man's intellectual level; that they were neurotic and un- stable and incapable of exercising | judgment in the everyday business of | life, and that for reasons largely | physical, but partly psychical, they | suffered from an incapacity for con- | tinuous work which would always put them at a disadvantage in every sphere save the domestic. And femin ists argued that if women disproved these allegations they would auto- matically exact recognition as the equals of men. Still Treated as Inferiors. Now women have disproved these allegations. For long they have been going to the universities in their thou- sands, they have been entering the professions and making their way into commerce and industry, and in all these enterprises they have acquitted themselves well. Then there came the war. During its later phases there was practically no activity of man ich women did not undertake under i rather more onerous conditions than he had ever been subjected to in | e, and they passed the test very | | honorably. Eut it would be fatuous | | to pretend that women re not still, in many ways, treated as the inferior |of men. It they are denied the rewards of per- formances which, tested objectively, are equal to the performances of men, on the ground that they lack the mys- titles men to the higher recompense and better treatment. lustrations Are, Cited. Mustration of this is to be found in the disappointing position of wom- an doctors and woman barristers. There are more than a thousand woman doctors in England and Wales alone, many of whom were graduated and practice with great distinction. But it would be absurd to pretend they are given a fair fleld in the profession. They are not ad-| ted zs medical students in some schools, they are discouraged in others. They are not smiled on by their male colleagues before or after graduation. Three great doc- tors, bldden to a banquet by wom- an doctors last year, thought fit to make the trend of their after-dinner speeches the unsuitability of their hostesses for the profession they had adopted. The lot of woman barris- ters 1s even less satistactory. How- ever brilllant a woman barrister may be, she finds it 90 per cent more difficult to establish herself in prac- tice' than & man of equivalent gifts would find it. For solicitors simply will not brief women. Their clients would not like them to do so; and I am bound to confess tha I would feel nervous if a case of my own for which I had briefed a woman barris- ter came up before certain of the more moss-gown judges. Competition Is Feared. Now, there is a reason for this, and cognate facts, such as the poor position of women in the civil serv- ice, and their exclusion from all the best-paid departments in industry, just as there is for the attitude to- wcrds the educated negro. The in- habitant of the United States, over. burdened with his task of imposing a white civilization on a new land of is a commonplace that | tical essential superiority which en- - BRITISH WOMEN GAINING LITTLE IN RIGHTS FIGHT by Writer as Com- parable to That of Educated Negro in U. S, Due to Prejudice. cause soclety is unwilling that they should do them. And this relieves them from the inferiority complex from which o many of them have suffered in the past. Derive Mental Benefit. It is recognized by psychologists that if a person labors under a s of inferiority to another perso sons the whole harmony of is apt to be destroyed. women labored u 4 they were inferior to half the race, many of whom were be to be bad indeed, it in what state of mind they were to be. They were all that men ac- cused them of being, unstable and in- capable, because they were neurotics. The woman of today does not feel like that, and the result is that she is in- finttely calmer and happler. One may judge that by turning back to the works of Charles Dickens and Thackeray and Anthony Trollope and looking at their terrifying pictures of their feminine cotemporaries. Littls Dora in “David Copperfield” and Amelia Smedley represent the depths of helplessness and silliness t conviction of inferiority brou passive natures, : e Old in “The Newcomes" 1 the Mrs. Proudie show k very ably stronger reacte pressing their revolt in o temper because the world of allowed it no more legitin There are no’such utter! dreadful figures in the fiction of the most &nti-feminist writer of today. Important In Arts. But there is even more conclusive evidence of the increased power and serenity of women in the increased contribution they make to the arts, and fn particular to literature. Fic- tion is very largely falling into the hands of women. There are, perhaps under a dozen man novelt tinction who have come to Brett-Young, Aldous Huxl arnett, Michael Arlen. In me time there have come forwa much greater number of > writers: Sheila Kaye > Dane, Rose Mac; Katherin B. Stern, Viola Meéyne son. This predominance is relative and due to the fact that many of the men who would have been the novelists of this age were killed in the war; but it is also an absolute predominance. There have never been quits S0 many women who have written so well and with such diligence as this generation of woman novelists. Wom- an writers who have not been sus- tained by absolute genius have been apt to be episodic. Writers like Olive Schreiner or George Egerton came for- ward with the fruits of an_ inspired moment, and when the for mood had left them they were d But a writer like Sheila K. who writes novel after novel, working on various aspects of tf she has chosen as her m experimenting with her s veloping it, is laying th ons of an artistic career which has j that element of continuity and endu ance that women’s work has been said to lack. In other words, it is work that is not neurotic. More Striking 'n Literature. The effects of this improvement in ‘woman's temperament is seen most quickly in the art of literature, be- cause its superficial technique can be acquired more rapidly than that of any other. It will reveal itself more slowly in other arts, where the time of preparation is longer. But the ex- istence of such serious artists as that group of planists, Harriet Cohen, Myra Hess, Irene Scharrer, and that astonishing young portrait painter Cathleen Harrington Mann, make it ” certain that in future the dispropor- tion between the numbers of man and woman artists of the higher ranks will not be so great But where women have gained m tremendously during the last 20 ye: is not in the professions, or in indu: try, or in the arts, but in the home by ‘the jettisoning of that multitude of social cantrips which used to eat up the life of very good woman. Leaving cards used to be a dreary activity, with more rules to it than many races, feels he cannot afford to make any gesture that might lead to too close racial contacts and con- sequently to raclal mixtures. And the average father of a family, trying to make ends meet in post war Europe, where there is not enough work to go round, is really not in a position where he can well be ex- pected to cheer women on when they announce their intention of compet- ing with him for such work as there is. The moment is singularly unpro- pitious for the breaking-down of prejudice in this matter. But the temporary shelving of the problem must not be mistaken for any failure on the part of women to make good in_the new spheres they have chosen. But in other departments of life women have richly benefited by the steps they have taken to establish their equality. There is a psychologi- cal gain which is beyond price. They know now that if women do not do the same things as men, it is not be- cause they cannot do them, but be- any other card game; paying calls was a serlous business that consumed endless hours; there wers formal and Joyless dinner-parties at which there was a lot of frenzied thinking about precedence; and at the end it was all as profitable as jumping through paper hoops. That is all over. To . think of such things now is the mark of the provincial, and so- clety tends more and more to be an easy assemblage of friendships. This also is a sign of the increased health of women’s minds, for all these social follles were the tricks of a neurotic sex. It is a revolution, and it has happened silently; and that is typical of the present sfate of feminism. There is now no purely feminist or ganization in England of the importance. There will never again be any feminist gesture so spectacu- lar as the suffragette movement. But that is a proof of the success of the feminism. The Normans stopped talk- ing about their conquest quite a while ago. (Copyright. 1025.) Russo-German Alliance as First Step To World Power Thought Aim of Berlin- (Continued from First Page.) new issues. Germany desires peace now and freedom from foreign inter- ference to recover her strength. Her former antagonists are prepared to ac- cord her those, but their price aims at blocking an eventual Russo-German combination, which is the sole appar- ent chance for Germany to become again a great power in any real sense. Stresemann, on his side, is offering security for the Western nations, but resolutely refusing to mortgage the German future by any sort of real or apparent agreement in zn anti-Rus- sian policy. If Germany were to escape tomor- row from all the restraints of the Treaty of Versailles, economic and military; if she were able to recon- struct her military strength, she would still be helpless, because this recon- ruction would alarm Italy, as well as France and the Little Entente, and re- store the conditions out of which grew I the victorious combination of powers of the World War. Her helplessness could only be abolished if a powerful and friendly Russia reappeared. But if in the meantime Germany had been drawn into the obviously anti-Russian orbit of the Western powers, her re- lease would not come. After all, the German situation, once she is done with armies of occupation and the restraints of her defeat, is not materially different from that of France after the Franco-Prussian war. Although the last German soldier left French sofl less than three years after the Treaty of Frankfort, France re. mained isolated, and therefore unim- with Austria after her victory over France, and Italy had jotned this com- bination after the French occupation of Tunis in 1881. Faced by this triple alliance and by the fact that British policy still inclined to the German, side ‘and strongly opposed a disturb- ance of European peace such as would follow any French effort to recover the lost provinces of Alsace and Lorraine, France remained a prisoner of a de. feat and u mutilation quite as intoler- able to France as the later German experience is to Germans today. It was only when the Franco-Rus- sion alliance was made, two full dec. ades after the French debaale, that France resumed her old position as a great power and European balance of power was restored. Even this combic nation was, however, wholly defen. sive, Russia having no mind to fight a new war to restore Alsace-Lorraine to France. Nevertheless, the alliance restored French importance—hence« forth France was able to make head against German policy. It is hard now to see any other es cape for Germany from a similar plight, and that is why I belleve Dr, Stresemann is striving in his presend negotiations to keep the future opes for the Russian combination. Anfl this circumstance deserves constant watching in all the security negotia- tions which are now going on—nego- tiations concerning which the Russian Soviet government continues to show significant interest. And, after all, tor Russia as for Germany, the Russo- German alliance.has equal value. Fe# both countries the return to Europeas, portant in the European situation even as late as the Congress of Berlin, in 1878, Germany had made an alliance influence seems inevitably to be cone tingent upon association, if not alli ance. ,¢Copyright, 1925.)