Evening Star Newspaper, August 16, 1925, Page 27

THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. €, AUGUST 16, 1925—PART T’ PAULIST FATHERS: * STATION LIGENSED Eight New Class A Broad- & casters Are Authorized E During Week. New Y warded its ninth Class B bro: stin: ation by the Department of Commerce tod: The newcomer is to be known as WLWL and will be operated with 1.000 watts by the Missionary Soclety of St. Paul the Apostle. The wave h to be used is of necessity a velength, 288.3 meters, that now used by KFKX station will operate on fits avelength at any time that its smission does not interfere with of the Hastings plant. During Summer and Fall months ilittle of this interference can be ex- pected, but when cool weather arrives, some definite arrangement pay be necessitate between the stations as to a division of time. Pa The @eavoring ist Fathers Seek License. Paulist F: have been cense for lied by them several mont he licensing of the new ¢ B plant in Manhattan now gives New York City eight chan- mels, two of which are being divided, one of them by WAHG aend WGBS, and the other by WJY and WOR, at lant, will operate on a Class A wave- Simultaneously with the granting of a new Class B license to New York, ‘the Department of Commerce also Chicago a new suburbs S which, like the New York ant will operate on a Class A wave- and_the lowest length on | which ‘any Class B station is overat- {4n5—217.3 meters. The new Chicago “B" station is WOK, of the Neutro- ’wm'nd Radio Manufacturing C \thet which tlons ) these two ne: he total number in record number, ngth to be em- B stations b this class but the low wave 'ployed by the newcomers is not ex- ted to create any more congestion the vicinity of the two big Amer- n radio centers. In addition to the two B licenses ted this week, eight new Class A Stations were added to the rolls of *pthe country’s broadcasters, the larg- number in any ome week since 1y in the Summer. Stations Licensed. The eight stations, their call letters nd owners follow KMA, the M Seed and Nursery LONG RANGE 8 TO ® TO P:30—Cincinnati: Sunday chenectady: First no-%:- York: Chimes from Grace 10 TO 10:00—yew Bost Ro, Vork: rk: Third Church of “athedral Church of St. N.Y.: Vocal and Central “Methodil 11 AM. T 11:00—Cincinnati: Church, of the Covenant Chicago: Uncle Walt reads the 1 hrist, u 10:30—Detroit Louisville Detroi: St. Chicago: Broadway C 12 NOON 12:00—Hot Springe Des Moinea Minneapolis: Hennepin Avenue M. 1 TO Seaside Hotel Trio: York: Musical program: 2 1O 2:00—New York: Concert: vocal solos; A New York inday hymn sin mport: Conc 1:30—Atlantic City: New vocal solos . program: cert from Balaban & Katz Chicag _Christian_Chure Paul's “Episcopal Cathedral services Second Presbyterian Church services .. First Presbyterian Churc University’ Church servi RADIO ENTERTAINMENT SUNDAY, AUGUST 16, 1925 Programs of Distant Stations Scheduled for Eastern Standard Time ° AM. 8:00—New York: Children's program: comic storiss: musio. 10 AM gshool by Methodist Book Concarn resbyterian Church ‘services . reh 9:45—Pittsburgh: First Baptlst Church services . 11 AM. Mest End Presbyterian Church services . Scientist, services ail_services tal seleciipn: 0 services .. Theater servicer TO 1 P.AL services . 2 P.M. sermon forum 3 PM. pollo Little concert . illy Theater program andstand 3 10 v York: Church services: quartef Cincinnati S—Atiantic City: St. James' Episcopal 8:30—Detroit: Municipal Band concert { Vocal and_instrument sical program 4+ TO 4:00—Chicago solos Chicago Chicaso Vocal program Studio concert 5 TO 5:00—Kansas City: Newman, Royal Bittebureh ‘Base b i 5:46—Boston Sireet. Contrera Vocal and mstrumental "concert concert 4 Par t: solos: address. . clilmes " concert Chureh " services, m Belle Talo . I concert 5 PM. WBCN 6 P.M. . Pantages Theaters program WDAF all leagues 5 KDKA ark Street Congregational Church’ sérvices . 6 TO 7 PM. City: International Sund artet ... D New York school lesson Hotel Pen! aih; New York: Ernic Golden's Hotel McAlpin Orchestra 8:15—Philadelphia: Holy Trinity Church_servi 6:20—New Y ork: Musical program by M ‘the, “Capitol Gang' : orchestra, WCAP, WWJ and WCAE, 6:30—Philadelphia: Arch Street Presbyteri Chicago: Organ recital: Little 7 TO 7:00—New York: Base ball selectis of “Siezfried": . Boston:Horeshoe_Pi chestra, cores: 1 solos. 28 program tor T Theater Orchestra a3 Fwisd Bowes and EEL WJAR. WCTS. rom’ ... an ‘Church servi e rown Churcl 6:50—Atlantic City: Chelsea Baptist Church ler\“ll(".e"lh i 8 P ons from special scores al program from WJZ i sirinen Seila's Band an . WIE WA 15—xew WOrk: ¥ o Ptaburgh . Manie a0—Baiiae Presnyier pra owood Farm £ 80—New York: Bass bail resuits s TO 8:00—New York: Mark Stran New York: "Wocal and (netmebis, New York: Voval solos: Chteags " Varies pro am, ork: Lakewo: wolos Yocal and instrumental solos Raois Orchestra {rom Sheniéy Park rian Church services nsemble 9 P.M. gram . instrumental program Bernstein Trio . vocal and inst Farm Inn Ensembl City " Seaside Hotel Trio: sololst Atiantic Oity: Hotel Tr Detroie._ Symphany “Orches Springfield: Talks: instrum, Cincinnati: Concert: Lyric Male Qu Roseville: Vocal and instrumental Chicazo” Ralph Williams and. tra: vocal and instrum 8:15—New Goldman B WCTS, WwJ. W 8:30—Des Moines: The Ban ntal ar ‘o) o Tt at Shenandoah, Iowa, 500 watts, meters: WIBZ, the Powell Elec Co., Montgoméry, Ala., 10 wat: 231 meters: WRHM, the Rosedale H: pital, Inc., Minneapolis, 50 watts, 252 meters; KTAB, the Tenth Avenue Baptist Church, Oakland, Calif., 500 watts, 215.7 meters; WOCG, the “Triple Alliance Radlo Station, Syca- ymore, Ill, 10 watts, 205.4 meters; 'KUPR, the Union Pacific Raflroad ‘0., Omaha, 50 watts, 270 meters; WKAF, the WKAF Broadcasting Co. Milwaukee, 250 watts, 261 meters; XFWC, L. E. Wall, Upland, Calif., 50 »watts, 211.1 meters The installation of a second station "In the lit town of Shenandoah, the first station s to be contrclled by radio in found itself a 3 of the Uni s on a com- | para and it be.| came one of the best known voices of | that section of the countr Local Radio Entertainment Sunday, August 16, 1925. NAA—Naval Radio Station, Radio,Va. (434.5 Meters) 10:05 a.m. and 10:05 p.m.—Weather <apeake & Potomac Tele- Co. (168.5 Meters). 11 am Service a nue Presbyteria ton. Dr. tary of he “the Reformed Ch on Cathedral. Rev. ierce, D. D., president of enyon College, Damvier, Ohlo, will reach the sermon. 6:20 to 8:15 p.m~—Musical program Maj. Bowes and the ‘“Capito} ang” from the Capitol Theater, New ork_City. 815 to 915 p.m—Goldman Band fConcert, Edwin Franko Goldman, onductor, @irect from Hall of Fame, New York University Campus, New York City. R fan program—soloist, fola Sherer, soprano. Early Program Tomorrow. 6:43 to 7:45 a.m.—Morning “setting- up’” es by the Maetropolitan Life r: C direct from the Metropolitan 1 Madison ave- nue, New > PWR€—Radio (16 n of America Meters). Silent. Early Program Tomorrow. 9 to 10 a.m.—Woman's hour, broad- st jointly h station WJZ from ew York. 12 noon—Organ recital from the irst Congregational Church. 1 p.m—Sidney Seldenman's Shore- Hotel Orchestra, broadcast from he Shoreham Hotel. {SHORT WAVES PROVE SUCCESSFUL IN TEST «Correspondingly High Frequencies | neighbors. {-was from the radio d Church » TO violin Minneapolis: First Baptist 9:00—New York: Godfrey Ludiow, Jeflerson® City: Union” Church Davenport: Church eervices . Zion, IL,: Brass Quarte and instrument Dallas: First Philadelphia: Rainbo Miominse orarram WGBS, ore Concert Orchestra ai gelactions Tecture. Gardens Orche tiste servic 10 P.ML WMAF ‘and Chicago: Concert; WGN Singers: Drake Concert Ensemble. 10 1O 1 PM. 10:00—Cincinnati: Vogal and instrumental pro Atlantic City: Organ recital Minneapolis: Weather jeuli o 10:16—Atlantic’ City Hot_ Springs Ensemble’ .. .. 10:30—Davenport: Musical Dallas: Jack G: scores cores: program: Palme ardner’s - Orchiestra 11 PO TO 1 11:00—Hot Springs: Ray Mullins and his chestra ... vocal and lnstrument: classical concert by er ‘Symphiony MIDNIGHT. Whittington Park Or. John Smith and His Radio BY FREDERICK C. RUSSELL. Car _owners throughout the motori willing " that ez his fellow fans shoul ‘es. BmitA Aas o 7&00115. for " Ands R Civiecs "o fotlow Rire in FAS Burniany Stas No. 28—Examining Other Sets. In order to fix the different circuits and radio principles in his mind, Smith promptly acted upon the suggestion to examine different types of sets. Accordingly, he visited several of his But the real place to learn from other sets, he soon discovered, aler. ed over the crys- for they were o him, but he Smith quickly p: tal and one-tube already rather clear was soon asking qu reached the two-tube group. These being of a cheap type, the wiring in- variably was exposed to a point where the circuits could be traced easily. But, as Smith said, the more you trace them, the more puzzied you be- come. “That,” explained the dealer, “is be- cause you are lpoking at reflex and regenerative sets, wherein each tube is made to do the work of two and whers the radio-frequencies are re- impressed upon the grid of the first tube. If you are familiar with the laws of cofnpensation, you know that, in order to obtain this efliciency in the use of apparatus, the set must be very critical and equipped with finer control than would be required in a set in which additional equipment is stituted for efficlency. That’s why sets have rather complicated iring, complicated coils, a large num- ber of fixed condensers, rheostats and potentiometers.” This naturally suggested an inspec- tion of the neutrodyne receiver, which, while large and composed of numerous units of similar function and appear- ance, 18 relatively simple. It is eff- cient, not because it eliminates tubes, colls 'and condensers, but because, for the work it does and the excellent way in which §t brings in stations, without notse and oscillations, it is greatly simplified. The Neutrodyne Set. “The neutrodyne takes its name from the two small neutralizing con- densers, or neutrodons, which over- come the tendency of the set breaking out into oscillations when two stages of radiofrequency amplification are used,” the dealer went on. are connected in the grid circuit, while between the tubes there are the special transformers, known as neu- troformers. The tuning is done with s, Employed in Communication. Scientists Are Satisfied. The use of short waves and corre- pondingly high frequencies for radio mmunication is a success, naval entists declared today after several eeks thorough trial in communica- on with the MacMillan Arctic ex- pedition. ‘An effictency of 100 per cent, which s maintained regularly in communi- cation between headquarters here d Etah, has convinced the radio perts that short waves and high equencies are not to be scoffed at and are indispensable under such } conditions as the polar expedition +4s_undergoing. Transmitting on a wave length of #7114 meters, the naval experimental station at Bellevue, D. C., has been fable to keep in constant communica- jon with the explorers at Etah. And the return messages, transmitted on a wave length of only 40 meters, are received perfectly at the Great Lakes station at Chicago, from which point it is relayed to Washington. BEvery morning at 3 am. the naval erimental station sends out time for the two polar stations, the three variable condensers, and the — e WNP and WAP, and follows them up with any messages the naval depart- ment wishes to send. The return mes- sages from the explering party are received at Chicago, because it has been found they come with more clarlty there than on the Atlantic coast. But the Bellevue engineers have been submititng the short wave to an even more severe test than it re- cetves in communication with Mac- Millan. Frequent two-way communi- cation with the Pacific fleet in Australia has been established on the same wave lengths—40 and 71—as is used in the polar messages. This is a distance of about 10,000 miles, or nearly half the way around the world. And an operator in South Africa, which Is “exactly opposite Washington on the globe, has re- ported nearly perfect reception of these messages. With these achievements to their credit, naval experts no longer con- sider the short-wave length as a toy, though it does not yet measure up to its rival, the long-wave- length, for rellability. B fli'dm”: Abm-e ave demefited thereby. 4 be stions when he | “These | followed John Smith Now he Aas ‘taken u; amused and 1) out tRinge.” ‘4o 11" wi 0, i each week. advantage of the set 1s that once you have lodged a station you can go back to it at the same positions of the con- denser dials without fishing around, as u have to do with many sets.” Smith Inquired as to the function | of the fourth and fifth tubes and was | informed that these, together with their transformers, were merely two s of audlofrequency amplifica- ion in order to provide for loud speak- er operation. The dealer showed him similar _amplification units in othe types of sets, 5o that when Smith had been in the shop an hour he could tell just what part of any set handled the ~ audio-frequency amplification. This helped to simplify the process, because he could eliminate the sudic end of the set and juet consider the principles involved in tuning, amplity- ing the radio-frequencies and detecting em. “And now,” Smith's guide added, “after you've considered the neutro- dynes it is interesting to look at this super-heterodyne, which uses six tubes, including one oscillator and two detector tubes. Studies Super-Heterodyne. | “Tin ‘super-het’ is a radiofrequency just like any other set, but tes its own local wave, which d off against the incomin waves from the loop aerial. Naturaliy with the two waves you get a beat note which carries the same varia tions of the incoming radio wave. The beat note effect is then amplified by the three special frequency or inter- mediate frequency tubes and trans- formers, then detected in the usual detector tube and given one stage of audio-frequency amplification. The whole advantage of the set is that the intermediate frequency amplification, which i{s made possible by the beat note effect, is always at a fixed wave length. This simplifies controls and lets the set do the work that an ex- pert would have to do with a less efficlent set. |~ “The, ultradyne set which comes in | knockdown form is very much ltke | the super-heterodyne, but the method 1 of producing the intermediate frequen- | cies is quite different. The incoming signals are made to modulate the os- cillations which the set itself produces, just as the vibrations of the speaker's voice at the broadcasting station mod- ulates the current that passes through the microphone.” Having reached the ultra in radio, Smith announced his desire to retire and digest the information. Out of sheer appreciation far the attention that had been given him he purchased a new tube. “‘Come in some time and I'll tel you how to prolong the life of & tube,” the dealer suggested. “I'd tell now, only I'd probably lose this 23 Next Week, No. 20—The Life of s ‘Tube. (Copyright, 1025, by the Ullman Featurs' Bervice.) Los Angeles Spreads Itself. LOS ANGELES, August 15 (#).— Los_Angeles grew 3.79 square miles in the past fiscal year, its city engi- neer reporting that its area now to- tals 410.77 square miles. From north to south the city stretches 44 miles, while east to west it extends 29 miles. A little trip around the city’s boundary line would amount to 269.8 miles. During the past year 129 miles of streets were paved, while for the new fiscal year the city engineer has on hand orders includ- ing 339 additiens! nriee-of pawing. AIRSHP WILL GET ORDERS BY RADIO Shenandoah, Cruising Off Coast, to Be Directed by Navy Chiefs Here. BY CARL M. BUTMAN. Radio fans this week will have the privilege of listening in to the United States air cruiser Shenandoah while on a flight off the east coast, directed by the voice of the Secretary of the Navy. ‘In the event Secretary Wil- but ‘cannot_participate in the test, Assistant Secretary Robinson will take over the control of the Shenan- doah from his desk In the Navy Bulld- ng. The plans of the Navy, Radlo Cor- poration and General Electric-Co., call for the broadcasting of these pro- ceedings_from stations WRC, Wash- ington; WJZ, New York, and WGY, Schenectady. No definite date is fixed, but it is believed that this aerfal maneuver under voice control! will be held as soon as the overhauling of the airship is completed and her tests with her mother-ship Patoka are fin- ished. Gets Orders From Capital. To date the program is for the Shenandoah to leave Lakehurst for New York some evening, hovering over the city until called up by radio by the naval head. Secretary Wil- bur or Robinson will call Comdr. Zachary Lansdowne of the airship by radio phone. Once communication I8 established it will be picked up and rebroadcast by the three stations. Orders for the air cruiser to proceed to sea and locate the Patoka or an incoming vessel will then be broad- cast, following which the commander will answer his chief and proceed on his ques. This will constitute the first aeronautical search ever staged as such, although airplanes have been directed from the ground many times by radio. While the airship is at sea the Secretary will discuss the advan- ges of combining radio and aero. nautical activitles, especially i scouting operations, When the great dirigible completes her scouting trip, her skipper will call his chief and report as to the success of his maneuver, recounting what he observed on the trip, and where he found the vessel he was ordered to locate. May Include Other Features. It is probable that other features will be included and that one of them will be a concert by the Navy or Ma- rine Band, its selections being inter- spersed between the conversations of the Naval Secretary and his air offi- cer. All that will be necessary for the fans to do is to tune in on one of the three broadcasting stat ing in at the proper timi be announced sh B engineers of the Navy and Radio Cor- poration will handle the detalls of connecting the three broadcasters by wire, picking up and relaying the con- versations from Washington and the alrship. Those located near New York may also be able to distinguish this gi- gantic “Daughter of the Stars" high in the air over the metropolis, en Toute to or from sea or near her hangar at Lakehurst, N. J. Around September 1, the Shenan- doah will start on her trip to the Midwest, where she will visit Detrot, Minneapolis, St. Paul and Des Moines. It is not now believed she will ven- ture any farther west. It is possible h will e radio | if the radio broadcast tests are suc- cessful, that further radio broadcasts e undertaken on the trip to the ppi River. RATS IN MINES WARN WORKERS OF CAVE-IN Men Make Pets of Rodents After Learning Value in Time of Danger. By the Assoctated Press. WILKES-BARRE, Pa., August 15.— Rats in the anthracite coal mines on many occasions have demonstrated that they are friends of the miners giving them warning of approach: danger. A recent instance occurred in the Empire collfery. Anthony Kopnski and his son while sating lunch were attracted by the | peculiar actions of two rats which continually annoyed them. Five times they drove the rats away by throwing pieces of coal at them, but each tima the rodents returned. This aroused the suspicions of the elder Kopnski, who, directing his son to follow him, went out of the pit. They had proceeded only about 20 feet when the roof crashed in, bring- ing down such a mass of coal and rock that would require three weeks to _remove it. The ability of the rats to warn the miners of approaching danger has resulted {n many of the men making pets of them. The average miner hesitates to kill a rat, especially it he is working in a chamber where caves are likely to occur or where there is bad air or gas. An American company will install an electric lighting plant at Zacapa, Guatemala. lor listen- | RADIO GOSSIP AND NEWS Secretary of Commerca Hoover will call a 'national radio conference here this Fall, he announced on his return to Washington last week. Although he has not had time to set a date or draw up a program, he feels that a conference is necessary once a year and belleves the three already held have benefited the department in its work. They. also have demonstrated the willingness of the fans, manufac- turers, broadcasters, amateurs and other interests to co-operate in keep- ing the air as clear and clean as pos- sible. The conference will be called in Oc- tober or November, it is now believed, partly because of the many other problems confronting the Commerce head, and in order to give the denart- ment radio officials and the represent- atives of the industry time to draw up plans and suggestions to be con: sidered by the general conference. Officlals of the department believe one of the most interesting questions to be discussed will be the limitation of power, or perhaps the removal of the power limitations now in force, if public sentiment backed by experi- ments now going on indicate that there is no reason for limiting the power of broadcasting stations. Forty-two broadcasting stations are now using 1,000 or more watts; seven of them are operating with at least 5 kilowatts, a once dreaded figure, al- though no complaints have been re- celved since these broadcasters went on the air. Two stations are now ex- perimenting with, or about to try, 5 kilowatts. WGY's tests seem to have been satisfactory, and it is said that WJZ, the Radio Corporation’s new high-power project located outside of New York, will soon start testing its new 50kilowatt set. Other stations are preparing to try out broadcasting with 5 kilowatts or more. It is esti- mated that at least 20 B stations are equipped to g0 to 5 kilowatts, although only & have been licensed to do so at this writing. Whether or not the recent increase in power will continue to spréad over the country is not. known; neither is it definitely known how far apart very high-powered stations must be located to prevent undue interference, or how great a separation there must be be- tween the wave lengths they employ. If a large number of the present statfons went to high power, regard less of their proximity to each other the relationship of their broad casting channels, there would prob. ably be difficulty in separating them It may be found desirable to locate the very high-powered stations in distant States or perhaps a hundred or two miles apart, assigning them wave lengths separated by 50 meters or more. This would, of course, tend to limit the number of such stations. but this will probably adjust itself. There will not be many operators rich enough to build and maintain 50-kilo- watt stations, which cost almost a {half, million dollars to install. Nevertheless, the views of the pub. lie will be sought, as well as those of the broadcaster, before any definite or limiting action on power is taken by the department. It may be neces ary to have the old radlo regulations and eveg the laws amended, and it is undefstood that the department will Jly have a tentative radio law ape for discussion by the time the conference convenes. Secretary Hoover is a great believer in radio as a public service and he also is disposed to let the public in on any hearing which will affect such a pub- lic service—hence the Fall conference is a certainty. Evils of Regeneration and Radiation. We have been told time and again not to let our receivers oscillate, if they are regenerative sets, on ac- count of the interference caused, but it has never been realized over what great distances they may radiate Some have supposed that, this inter- ference might be heard as far as three miles; however, it now appears that it actually carries as far as 20 miles. A report to the Signal Corps from an Alaskan radio operator states that the Signal Corps station at Bethel frequently has messages for a pri- vate station at Akiak, 20 miles dis- tant. Ordinarily the operator at the latter station replies and sends his messages to Bethel with a half-kilowatt RADIO’S BEST OFFERINGS TONIGHT. Musical program by Maj. Bowes and the “Capitol Gang,” direct fsom Capitol Theater, New York ity, WCAP, WEAF, WEEL WJAR. WCTS, WWJ and WCAE; 620 to 8:15 o'clock. Vessella’s Band and Com- fort's Symphany Orchestra, WGBS, WIP and WMAF, 7 o'clock. Concert by the Municipal Orchestra from Schenley Park; KDKA, 7:15 o'clock. Lakewood Farm Inn Ene semble, WGY and WJZ, 8to 9 o'clock. Musical program from Brook- lyn Mark Strand Theater, WNYC, 8 o'clock. Goldman Band concert, WCAP, WEAF, WEEL WJAR, WCTS, WWJ], WCAE and WEFI, 8:15 to 9:15 o’clock. HOW TO AVOID AUTOMOBILE ACCIDENTS Judgment The maximum speed on cer- tain highways hour. is 22 miles an But the speed you should make depends on the condition of traffic. You have to use good judgment when driving a car. Published by The Star in co-operation with the Director of Trofic of the District of Columbia and The Advertising Club.of Washingten spark set. On one cccasion, however, he thought he wouid try putting a key in the ground circuit of his regenerative receiver, answering Bethel in that manner. It worked so successfully that he now sends by this method daily to the Sfgnal Corps operator at Bethel, who receives his radiations with no difficulty. Signal Corps officers point out that, while this is an interesting stunt, it shows that these recelvers when op- erated purposely or carelessly may cause interference over an area w a radius of 20 miles. As a practice, however, it is taboo anywhere except in the wilds or in uninhabited country In Alaska, where there are only stations in operation and praci no receiving sets in the neighborhood, this method of communication is per- haps_permissible if unethical, but in the States it i{s not permitted and radio inspectors would soon visit fans or amateurs who tried it. According to the United States radio regulations, owners of receiving sets are not permitted to transinit anyhow. For transmission an op- erator's license is necessary, as well as a transmitting station permit. Re- celving sets, constructed as such, may not be used as transmitters. The story is told solely to indicate the great distances over which oscil- lating receivers affect reception, and | it is pointed out that legislation to suppress the use of this type of re- ceiver may be introduced in Congress, where it has already been considered once. Lists Novel Radio Feature. A new experiment in radio dramatic offerings will be attempted at WGBS Thursday night, to be known as “Jazzmania.” It is the work of Dalley Paskman, director of the station and prominent song writer. - A number of Mr. Paskman's latest song hits will be included inghe *Jazz- manfa” program. Jimmy Kemper, vaudeville star, will have the leading role. Others prominent in the dra- matic fleld who will take part are Reo Fletcher and Edgar Henning. Madrid Opens Broadcast System. A main broadcasting transmitter has been erected on the roof of a big department store in Madrid, Spain, and relaying stations are planned at 16 other centers. This will give Spain a very efficient system, and it is ex- pected that Interest among the fans will increase with a rush. The main station at Madrid has a 6-kilowatt transmitter, consular advices to the Commerce Department state. Another big radio exposition is planned this Fall, at which agents of radlo manufacturers in England, France and Germany will display their wares. American exporters are also urged to participate. Rejuvenating Old Tubes. P. D. Lowell, one of the engineers for the Grebe Company at Richmond Hill, Long Island, offers a suggestion which will, no doubt, be of interest to all radio fans. Says Mr. Lowell: “A simple method of rejuvenating your dead tubes has been disclosed by the engineers of the A. H. Grebe Company which is well worth a trial. Your tubes may lack some of their original pep, even though the flaments still burn. Re- verse lht!polnrily of the B battery on the set; that is, connect the posi- tive B to the negative terminal on the receiver and connect the negative B to the positive terminal of the re- ceiver. Turn on the filanfents of the tubes too full brilliancy and let the set stay this way for one hour. “It will be found that an hour is xufficient time in most cases to re- juvenate the tubes, but in cases where the tubes are unusually dead the treatment shouM be continued for one and a half hours, or even more. After treating, the B battery can be changed back to normal connection and the in in signal strength will be very marked. “In the laboratory tests a set of tubgs was used which were so dead that absolutely no signals could be picked up when they were placed in a recetver. These tubes were then given the above described treatment, and when tried again in the receiver gave just as good results as @ set of brand- new tubes.” —_— Margaret F. Moriarty of Belcher- town {s the first woman in Massachu- setts to become a justice of the peace, | ;:}lh power to i{ssue warrants and take Announcement The NATIONAL CASH ~ REGISTER COMPANY A Talk on_ Straight-Line Capacity: Straight-Line Wave Length and Straight-Line Frequency Condensers. Part II To understand just .what is re- quired in & tuning instrument, such as a condenser, in order to get maxi- mum satisfaction from f{ts use in a circuit, it is best to consider just exactly what is going on in radio transmission and just what a con- denser in a circuit must do in order to fulfill the conditions required for most efficient operation without play~ ing favorites with any class of sta- tions. There are now many broadcasting stations transmitting on neighbor- ing wave length bands separated from each other by just enough of a mar- gin to eliminate interference. To prevent interference and distor- tion each station must be separated from its neighbors by a margin of five kilocycles on each side of its carrier wave. This means that there must be a difference of. ten kilocycles between the carrler waves of adjacent broad- casting nelghbors. This separation is bsolutely necessary to accommodate the varying frequencies produced by the modulation of the carrier wave by the musical pitches of the instru- ments of broadcast performers. Wave Length and Frequency. Unfortunately, most of us still think in terms.of wave length be- cause that term was the first to be applied generally when talking of the characteristics of radio waves. Let us keep in mind, therefore, the relation existing between wave length and fre- quency. The wave length in meters of a radio wave is equal to 300,000,000 divided by the frequency in cycles, or 300,000 divided by the frequency of kilocycles. By transposing terms we get the relation that the frequency of a radio wave in cycles is equal to 300,000,000 divided by the wave length in meters, while the frequency in kilo- cycles 1s equal to 300,000 divided by the wave length in meters. Since wave length and frequency vary in inverse proportion, you may expect to find that the nigh numerical values of wave length correspond to low numerical values of frequency and vice versa. If we take the wave length band from 200 meters to 600 meters, usually considered in the design of radio ap- paratus and circuits, we find that the frequency variation is from 1,500 kil- ocycles to 500 kilocycles. Figuring on a separation of 10 kil- ocycles to avold interference, this would mean that there is room enough in that band for 100 stations to operate. = Formulas for Wave Bands. Now if vou use the formula for wave length and frequency you will notice a peculiar situation. If we take the band from 200 meters (1,500 Kkil- ocycles) to 250 meters (1,200 kilocycles) | we find that a difference of 50 meters produces a difference in frequency of 300 kilocycles, or room for 30 stations based on a 10 kilocycle separation. If Battery and 2119 18th St. NW. FIFTEEN MINUTES OF RADIO EACH DAY BY JOSEPH CALCATERRA, Noted Authority on Radio. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction Prohibited. we take the band from 550 meters (546 kilocycles) to 600 meters (500 kil ocycles, we find that here the differ- ence of §0 meters produces a differ- ence in frequency of only 46 kilo- cycles. The result will be that in allotting wave lengths to stations there will be 30 stations in the band of 50 meters included between 200 and 250 meters |and slightly less than five stations 1in the 50 meters band included be- tween 550 and 600 meters. This is the reason why a statement to the effect that the ability of a r celver to separate stations a certain number of meters apart means noth. ing unless additional information is given regarding the position of those stations on the kilocycle scale. A separation of 10 meters on the lower scale from 200 to 210 meters means a difference of 71 kilocycles, comfortable margin between two sta tions, while a difference of 10 meters on the higher points between 590 and 600 meters means a difference of only 9 kilocycles, certainly not enough to permit even the sharpest recefver to tune to. INFORMATION F;IEI;AHED. Methods of Measuring Frequency of Waves Outlined. The increasing use of radio has caused such a small separation in frequenc® between stations that there is a real demand at the De- partment of Commerce for Informa- tion on methods for measuring the frequencies of waves from transmit- ting stations. New letter circular, recently pre- pared by the Bureau of Standards, gives a detalled description of the construction, calibration and use of such apparatus. A copy of this let- ter can be obtained upon application to the Bureau of Standards. RADIO BY SLOT POPULAR Italians Take Advantage of Penny Listening Devices. European travelers are returning here with great tales of radio listen- ing in Italy. In that country radio 1s still quite a novelty, and in Rome there are “penny-in-the-slot radio lis- tening stations” run much after the manner of penny arcades in Americ: For the equivalent of 1 cent 2 pair of phones are placed on the head of the listener and he is allowed to hear one seleftion. Americans seem to be enjoying them. Antenna Held Lawful. A German court has recently held that not only has a tement a right to erect an antenna on a houselnp: but that owing to the importance of radlo broadcasting, it s the duty of the proprietor to grant the tenant permission to erect an antenna. RADIO - AUTO IF YOUR TROUBLES ARE BATTERY TROUBLES, AND YOU _ WANT QUICK SERVICE, PHONE SMITH’S M se' "u' e Phone North 4896 Phone North 9928 HEADLIGHT CERTIFICATES ISSUED Wishes to Announce the Location of Its New Headquarters at S 816 Thirteenth Street N.W. Between H and I Streets ¢ Phone Main 1377 To better serve the-merchants of Washington and vicinfty and properly take-care of increasing business. M. H. RITTENHOUS SALES AGENT g & & This is the ONLY National Cash Register Office in This City