Evening Star Newspaper, May 31, 1925, Page 75

MAGAZINE SECTION wme | @The Sundwy Shee Part 5—8 Pages WASHINGTON, D. SUNDAY. . MORNING, MAY 31, 1925 Metropolis of Prehistoric Tribes to Be Explored ECONSTRUCTION of thel = s ' : farethe Gomiti ‘ot Chilbt bifan eeith [ daily life of 2 people who| < o ; i Some of the pottery we found 2 lived in America centuries | . | s 2 f [ |Zoct Jelow the valles surface is difter hefore “"",’ wa boi | ¢ 4 ; 5 : 2 - p 1 from that found in the ruin, anl Which Neil M. Judd, ct Amer o ; L National Muse himself this Summer itinuing exploration Nat eographic Society % effort to determine why the . g . o L @ IR ey P2 reat American apartment house b 3 i 5 %5 o 2 - 3 - ; icated while still in excellent § : Z . iy 5 7 ¥ NGk ‘3 S i 5 condition should prove very interest- ith a carefully chosen p: of 10 £ 3 5 & ’ p A 3 % 4 oes G s . ing. It he history of the worll eaving 1shington next week to con- | 4 St e o s » % 7 fixed ) ve throughout tinue, for another five months, what ¥ - 3 L aNae : e » oims 9 % the centuries been pre m:t on those he believes to be the most important | % i ) 3 i, oy 3 ' e L i ; who dwelt in places and culti- and culminating exploration work in % i e R e g o " - o " - 1 | ¥ncedisthe or engaged in other Pueblo Bonito, “the beautiful village, 3 # o iy cultural pursuits. We find abundant in Chaco Canvon. New Mexico—the | 4 9 S5 o " . 2 - - - — z |evidence of defensive warfare about ruins of a intic apartment house 5 | - % 7t x - s % 5 5 o 3 jiibe < ucblaiBon OB AIOME 800 voomi: sheltesing nt Toagt g . ; 3 ¢ i G b e P o ;7 7 E ; We are rea convinced that ‘1 .1]4”1 persons about 300 yeurs before 3 . Y e " ¥ 3 e i d ot o 3 : : S ' ¥ : L was but one of the reasons for aban- olumbus discovered Americ t e 3 fros e G 5 S5 L 8| donment or t nal hotel. We e Sinten 1dy of American y 1 £ 1 : o : : o iev t agricultural problem Archeol thout 75 vears old : g # 3 > % 7 s harassment of ind the e contributions to i » % i P t this T made during he t 1 last 17 vegrs Dr nspicuous S e B ~ = 4 % T n ddles of work i ne ears with = 3 ‘ g = - i % 5 ol » 5 H Sy : ‘l“‘"m{ the Natior directing 2 : 8 < 4 A iy archeglozical exped . a8 piix sued his stnd A he South i 1 ~ g " 5 pervious t ater west and into Central Ameri 3 53 9 s Sumn: ng some of the . portant purposes he hopes to achie - g : o 10 Sevach canngt Eromw and Ch vyon, Dr. Judd, says s o ¢ ST 3 § 3= s “We have foun chemical (1) “We veuch quite definite ; v : ; ; S iAo scrcin rings sh the differ who . \partment house cultural ob ects, chief! ketry and Y ; g i Jewelt = P G 3) “We trying ertain the B e approims e of s Gvcel Dr. Nedd M.Judd holding {urquoise _R83¥Caiup of National Geographic Society expeditionat uppev right. et et et necklace of 2,600 pieces. faund ab i i 1 et L e aliE lea proab Chacs C&nqon,NC\?I MEXL1CO. pen apeiiiagi{® Jite excavated southeast section of Pueblo Bonito m 1922 - “HE Bonitians nad 1o have know fhere were persistent attacks by z ¢ 2 . ¢ . By : igat. . hes hostile nomadic people, and serious ver Val- agricultural problems one phase 5 E o . 5 r o wheve the of our work this Sur r will be a ¥ E 0 o 2 = o i 2 =i . M eaahT close study of prehis riculture. K e g s o 7 4 B 3 g r lay t yod irri ) “We will endeavor to find the 3 . s - Tk A g “ upper end of an old arrovo, or water exceedingly imp i our olu- tion of the Bon problems and tiful aborigir e in the whole United State : ; 3 %% " a ' squash b " 3 water course SUm:uv NDED i A <& fo . v - v et the upper end we will know that by dian lelicn 4 éf Yy, 2 i " g %2k | |its mere presence the water level ir trinkets. 1 2 ] " g 5 . P ent times would have been low heautiful pott chemicals in the soil of his delving 1 been dra Bonitians, which I below, leaving the centuries, Dr. Judd ) tighten unde: while the attent been arvested by his penet the Pueblo Bonito ruins, with inter- est augmented by the sending of a National (ieographic Society expedi- tion to uncover t mound of | Cuicuilco in the Valley of Mexico, % So. if the water level had been which 1 be 8,000 vears there . % E S lowered, if the black alkali was pres. ibsolutely is no chance of cing | : ent. the soil would have become so any relationship between our prehis hard it would have been ossible toric southwestern tribes and those of to work it with such primitive tools he Old World with sufficient success to feed 1,500 “There is a bare rssib) that . _— persons.” A some cultural con tion ! be Ghouls and vandals left their traces found betw ) the inhab- - fomae plommer maab- | Fireplace didcovered m rooms of Pueblo North wall of Pueblo Bonito. Opew- | hoe freone duvs. and srave rob- bers disturbed the of those pre A . 0 D . e ¢ 4 historic Boniti: ndians just as they Javas, ancient temple Luiliers ot Bopito, divided by shadow above work- 3 i . : ings at ground levels were cut by~ i Boniian indians just as they ucatan and Guatemala,” he con- v Rt . x : 1 _tomb of the Pharac cedes in his rigid conservatism.| WLANS trowel. > , Bilan Yoo ety gl vand.als. slons the | Niled Dr. Judd discavared Tut-ankh-Amen and his fellow o I L ’h ‘!y”\»‘ il'\vrl]: ”'U”H cham Egyptians represent a high state of | — - - - : ers, he collected 1 skeletons ; il beautital’ Villake Bt have | ept several species of hawks and |which ha¢ hitherto been unknown in| | § e, ; L g e s ) irecas Famouisi . Yacteat. Dhate’ o ancient | eygles in captivity. One of our re-|ruins other than those of clift dwell > ¥ PSR ; 3 ? £ el “torithe wealth 6T I8 Dt tiive Bonitians surpassed all their coter- | markable finds .was the macaw, a |ings,.and the use of which has not bmt : i 3 % > ¢ 3 I RtIry an Ve Mave iestanlibheaP thit multi-colored parrot. The vet heen determined. It may fur J b S ; 3 & ; 4 " . e e L TR ic peo- | range of this tropical bird does not | nish another clue to piece out further : : = 3 : " : $ 5 - Gl e e R R T ¥pt had noth-| extend north of Vera Cruz on the |the - habits, customs and' religions | 3 - : . % 3 oo e it g A Gulf coast. We found not only rooms | beliefs of these aborigines -1 g i ¥: 3 - L Lo | onaoraye robess bmos: Cliely el 1 local com-|in which they kept these birds. but |though they left.no written w FRE > e . . 3 3 : I i oo e ckpeditions, dv eription | traces of the foodstuffs they fed them. ! nor even any pictograph records t | X 2 2 % @ 2 3 % 33 - 4 4 i # "“‘p b ‘:"“ urial rooms ":“ bl "I'\"’; Pueblo | “The Bonitians got those living |can be deciphered, they attained e é . s S s | the bodies of their turquoise and shell Bonito nal apartment | birds by trading with Mexican Indians, | civilization as interesting as the early o TR IR TS S o ; . e e house of § 100 rooms, four { who probably came north on foot some | cultures along the Nile and in Meso. . PR T 5 o ‘ = e g ey o e ns cover a little | 1,500 miles and received in exchange |potamia, vet distinctive from all Old : b i 4 " L ; 4 Burials were disturbed, portions of the over three 1d one-halt acres of | for the birds turquoise ornaments | World peoples. 4 . . ¥ il ; | mhw‘u ere torn rom the remainder, ground. = Viewed from the towering| A beautiful turquoise necklace of | Dr. Judd displays what looks like | . = ; : 3 4 . - e e T north the ancient village 1is |30 stones, with four large sar pen. |2 modern flapper's “vanity box.” and e = A : |Placed in a corner or along 4 Semicirculir, With the greater portion | gants, which is now displayed in'the | disclosed that “ic still contains’ a_bit “ = gl . *.Omly “the deeper burials were lett of its i v suites, zrouped | National Museum. was fotnd hy Dr.|0f rouge the Bonitians used. This 2 & ; . 3 ; [ironty the deeper burials were lett alon ved sid Judd in the Bonitian metropolis of In- | lump of reddish clay, which still will : ol 5 % Koi trasiives, AT 1 Vha66 nbeaos A 0w of onestory houses|dian America. It is the only complete | color the flesh, was the make-up used 7 7 =4 B s e eme winzs of the | specimen of such a necklace Known, | DY the Bonitian men, however, rather . ; / objects of antiquity, collected with From the middle of the|The method by which the Tndiane |than their women, and was used prin- : ; B o : : . such infinite care ‘©; the National row a cluster of ceremonial | ground down the tiny pieces and bored | ¢iDally for the beautification of par- : # - : [ | CecarunR(s Sodléts, &6 SEoisiyio B chambers extended to meet the curved | them out to be strung on sinews has | ticipants in their dramatic religious ¢ o 4 t . INE:EI’“\M e I section, thus dividing the vill into | won the admiration of modern jewelers. , Céremonies, : i - ] . . 5 ltional Museum us a permanent index Pueblo t. and Pueblo Bo-1The four pendants are remarkable| Pipes also are in the collection. Dr.| 3 2ortd : , g to the cultural accomplishments c nito, East, Viding each side | specimens of turquoise, deap blue, | Judd explains that some of these were prehistoric Americans. with ) In these courts [ “With“them I could have purchased | Pleasure pipes. They resemble very 2 - RHEE & 1 = . sacrec cligious ceremonies | every Indian horse in San Juan.Coun- [much the short, largebow] English 3 8 : : : ; i were f ty said Dr. Judd. ! —— BESE “upes 8 CignL, 100 3 E e ¥ 3 % 4 $ a1 B 1 e R apecia | ounit i’ necklace tast sum. | €75, with ‘flaring bowls, and these ? B : ; . : Mountain Chains. ment_house wus 10 times a mer,” he explains. “The sinews that | Were used tc e clot : e G : - g : : ROR T o St iy the White House, and had more than | held the beads together were gone, | Bonitian’s kivas, or worship "hd"l‘h*?\ < b 5 i : o 1 ; A THEORY of mountainchain f 950 rooma bn ithe mnd floor. The |but each tiny bit was in place, o we Objects which' shed light on the| 7 distance hetween the extreme ends of | were forced. from lack of a. sufficient. | €conomic habits of the Bonitians are | ; o 5 3 : : of whole continental blocks over a sub- the curved wall 20 feet, and the|ly fine needle, to rethread them on the | these fleshe: sald Dh.dndd, with d o o SRR e ) . et and turquoise inl used to re * S : stratum of voleanic glass was proy distance “rom the lonz row of ‘moni- | strings from a tenor banjo which: one | J 1 3 ol . N . g tor,’ or one-story dwellings, to the cen-1of my assistants, O. C. Havens of |moVve flesh from the skins of animals o ter'of the curved wall, occupied by the | Joplin, Mo., had with him. It is' the | fint knives, which are chipped “"“'; E 2 - s " . : s i AN of Haread emonial chambers, i 310 feet,” Por. | Anest” orndment "of " its" kind "ever | \ith Infinite siill and patience, and o ; . <L oletn jons of the wall still stand to a heizht | found in the Americas. Ve believe | POT . us £ plane 2 e 2 3 of 0 et SV T st SO | the tones came. Trom the Yieloity o | “The broad area o communication| RooMS that have been excavated. e : : i Daiy’s theory, construction | the Tiffany mines at Los Cerillos, N. | °f e il e | 5 i “The rooms of the Pueblo Bonito are [ Mex. They were worked down by rub | by objects found in their apartments | ALL PHOFOS © BY NATIONAL CEOSRAPHIC SOCTETY X ¥ : slowly heaved and tilted out of a stable grouped in suites 1 modera apart. [bing on ndstone. . Then ,ths- Boni: | WiICh Wwere brougRL from Poines hel—— — - - = B ¢ position, gradually migrate in the di- ment houses, If they were ccu.|tian craftsmen strung the rough |dUstant as the Pa e 1 i e bt e 4 : rection ¢ slope. This slope may e at! the same e lent | stones on sinews, and by rubbing back | Valley of Mexico | Hle exnectsito ‘establish, this date [templates Beiting: cross, sbelibns & - ; : ; be very slight, and migration very el gieshes el e e A e % * % absolutely during his present expe- |the oldest living trees, then obtaining s : T b L e msation. Yo Dol i Bt e et ien 1400 | Were rounded beautifully. We know|7J'HIS colorful objeet ‘lesson was|dition, through the use of living trees |from other pueblos of more - recent : ’ Slow e o e N e acatury hotel must have be LT b S R B D given by Dr. Judd in showing just [and cut timb “Recent study of |date timbers which overlap the new- | t s g 5 Iso would have m imitive tools an impossible—problen were wooden ch were most lik mountain goat horns cultural development along the desert |} horders of the hile the poraries in the desert rezions of the | Southwest rehiste ples nf ing in con Giving presen ¢ parisons th more real stories high. The ru mation based on the slow sliding at the American Philosophical Society great s of the earth’'s crust o ri % 2 great changes, even the formation of were broken off and the stone tools|how, during the last four vears, the|tree growth,” Dr. Judd points out, |ly-cut trees in time period, then & 4 Thae: naboniaid cinseh i ke empioyed by the craftsmen.” National Geographic Society expedi-|“shows that trees mot only register |working ever backward with older S _ 3 huse ,rm; people ho lived there 7 o tion, which he heads, has found |the passing vears by their rings, but [and older specimens until those ar ¥ b gl Sichidy lownat e et ation of centuries before « bus discov enough fragmentary evidence Lo piece | the contour, thickness and conforma- [found which correspond, in their iz 3 S could not be imagined over a fixed and i ¢ y changes from vear to year. More-|Chaco Canyon pueblos. £ . ¥ S ory A S have been unable to find among the Dr. Judd displays as trophies of | People. o : e 3 J i e o 4 e rigid base; but good reasons we Indians of thatregion any tradition |his extensive excavations, with, a| 1 believe” he said, “and this be-|cver, these changes are cyclic. Walpl and.Orabi, in Arizona, and e s the et CrAEE T b aa that leads us to helieve that the Span- | force of 30 Indians, with ‘team and |lief is based on 17 vears' work, that| “DrfA:. E. Douglas of the Univer- ‘Z“':‘na‘:"”fil““(’;“‘;;e;flg\[’h“e s Gl > 0 Fihe Z - derlain by a universal substratum of jards ever knew about the ruins. Like- |a minjature railroad to haul away the, the Bonitian apartment house was|sity of Arizona and the Carnegie In- | entioned be Wi uwtie basaltic glass at & temperature.of wise, In Spanich chronicles and rec- | debris-—400 gondola carfuls last Sum.|abandoned approximately 1,000 years|stitution of Washington has devel- |tinuously occupied pueblo in the © bea S O e Lyni_ an Indian | 17200 to 1,600 degrees Contigrade, or ords of the conquest in the sixt mer—are jet rings, rounded perfectly, 880. : \o|oped a method which sclence now |Southwest, -have been visited in an| WOWAN and a piece of the Zuni Potlerys |2200t 250 Fanrenheir. The rigigity S0 seventeatPhrcarn tiy1es ihen on which” are mounted tiny, carved| ‘No written record or hieroglyphic | recognizes as a trustworthy. process [effort to patch together tree sections 5 Sittiean o el nnateate o (i sk at Veference that would identify (his par- | (urquoise birds. ~The mounting was | inscription was left by these ancient |ot reading tree records of time and [which will carry the forest almanac i 0 B g B spon vl b teular .group of ruins. So, they done with pine gum,” he points out, | Americans. But it already is possible | climate. pack to gating distance of the 13| Bonito, a_number of complications |have to solve this Summer is that of |upon it, yet, as in the case of pitch, unquestionibly so old that, when the | “the adhesive = of =the = American | o piece together their life story from | “Of course, there are no thousand- |more elaborate Chaco Canvon ruins. |FOMIS &, WWIEE Of SQIReations | have o sob n or valleyfill Chaco! the resistance to flow breaks down Spaniards came to New Mexico in 1540, | ancients, -wh lasted through the|the evidence of the silent Walls of |year-old trees among the pines and | *“A second line of work will concern [JeVeIoDSE last summer. Fve fnd that s atio a fill. T e i R a e the Indians themselves had forsotten |ages. The rings lay buried in the |their abandoned rooms and the scat- |Junipers of New Mexico or Arizona.|itself with a study of buriéd stumps |One section of the bueblo 8 MUCh|cynyon js about a halt-mile wide op-|manent. one.sided pressuré or stress about these old ruins, because Zuni| Pueblo’ ruin tered objects recovered from their | The oldest ones vet found are from (mear Flagstaff, Ariz, and other |Older than the remainder. =There is|/ogie" pueblo Bonito, and within a| e applied to the substratam ma and Hopi Indians told the Spaniards| “We recovered by this tedious proe- |desertéd dwellings. {400 to 500 vears old. The question |stumps farther west in recently wash- | & CTETeRIE (0 0 mECClins & CHET tmile of the ruin we found pottery | terial: iy iboiit Fehes rink ess Some of the closest woven and fin.| *Their daily activities, their civic |then u How bridge the gap be- fed-out vallevs. These, too, may fur- |Sice 1o the cutiral opiects found I8 | e cments and charcoul ‘as much } Tiwo hings: Tappen: to aianierating “We found in the ruins of Pueblo|est specimens of Indian basketry vet |orgunizations. their communal en- |tween these trees and the span of |nish records of seasonal changes| 1€ BIACE SecUOn, SROWNE that the o) reet helow the present valley sur-|continent, Dr. Daly continued. The Bonito corn, beans and squash, also | discovered in North America. To pre- | terprises und’ their struggles against |years represented by the timbers used | Which will help in fitting together | REOPIE Wore auice (helinct trom e. The character of thi 2 seeds. he corn. beans and |serve these required the utmost dex.|more warlike tribes can be pictured, {in the roof supports of Bonfto's ex- tree diagrams of time “%tudies will be made his Sammer Tl indicates thut 21 feet have been | reaching the limit of its migration and 4 were cultivated as food sup- | terity, for often upon - exposure a |It is evident that the Bonitians, who |cellent masonry? Therein lies the * % % % o B i e e fmmer | built up very slowly. So the task to | encountering resistance, wrinkles and o Phese people were essentially | zephyrlike breeze would dissipate the |lived in what now is the Chaco Can- {romance of the forthcoming expedi- 3 £ {0, determine the absolute differences |which we have set ourselves is to de. | crumples into mountain folds, ke the e lan They had no domestic | specimens. The hope of preserving |von National Monument, in north-|tion. The quest has all the mystery | TN pointing out why the expedition |betwe [Eroups of people that we |termine just how the 21 feet af de-|outer edge of flowing tar or molasses. mnimals. except turkevs. They Killed | them lay in waxing them immediately | western New Mexico, probably had|of a detective story, vet its working | & this year is especially important, [know (occupled that glgantle apart- posit accumulated, and just who the | On the ‘upstream” side the crust is deer and antelope, for we found the |upon: their -exposure. the most pretentious settlement in |out will furnish valuable fact as well |Dr. Judd says that, “aithough we are mi;‘*nts et !;:"';ul“escam::e the Pil-|old people were who occupied that val- | stretched and finally cracked, allowing hones, and a wide variety of desert| “Historically, one of the important |the Southwestern United: States in jas mental enjoyment. able to reconstruct the daily life of |¥Ir og - ley long before Pueblo Bonito and its | the nterior magma to come to the sur- birds, and used them for food. They!finds is a double basket, the like of pre-Columbian times. “Briefly, the method of study con- |these old people who lived'in Pueblo “Another important problem we, great engineering projects were start. face as graat non-volcanic lava flows. \sblec . A ¢ Ty : 5 : a centinental block, Dr. Daly said ered America were asrieulturists. 1| C)THER unique art objects which together the story of the prehistoric|tion of these rings indicate climatic [cyclic indications, to those of the o ¢/ : valley- | edge of the “downstream” side, upon -»