Evening Star Newspaper, April 19, 1925, Page 38

2 HE EVENING STAR ‘W!th Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SUNDAY.........April 19, 1925 THEODORE W. NOYES. . ..Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company B“‘i‘n]’e’“ Ofl|’(‘.v A 11 St. d Pennsylvani: ve. New $ork’ Sfce. 110 East 42nd St. Chicago Office : Tower Building. European Ofce: 16 Regent St., London, England. The Evening Star, with the Sunday morn- ing edition, is delivered by carriers within the city at 60 cents per month: daily only, 45 cents per month: Sunday only, 20 cents per month. Orders may be sent by mail or telephone Main 5000. Collection is made by carrier at the end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunday 1. $8.40; 1 mo., 1 Daily only 15r. $6.007 1 mo Sunday only 117r. $2.40i 1 mo., All Other States, Daily and Sunday. Ll1yr. $3.00: 1mo. Member of the Associated Press. exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dis- atches credited to it or not otherwise cred- Bod™i (hic Paper and aiso the local news Dublished herein. All rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. ‘War-time Shipbuilding. ‘War-time financing is brought vivid- 1y to the attention of the American people again with the filing of suit and counter suit by the United States Government and the Bethlehem Ship- buildtag Corporation, involving $25,- 000,590. This huge total represents the sum of what the Government claims was an overcharge by the Beth- lehem Corporation and its subsidiaries for shipbuilding, and what the cor- poration claims is still due it for ship construction for the Government. A quarter of a hundred million dollars represents a very wide divergence be- tween the Government accountants and legal experts and those of the shipbuilding concern. The Govern- ment is secking the return of $15,000,- 000, and the corporation is demanding payment of more than $9,000,000 al- leged to be still due it. It is to be assumed—and hoped— that the courts will be able to unravel the tangled skein in which are in- volved these great sums of money. Ef- forts to settle the matter out of court have been unavailing. But wrapped up in the controversy are basic mat- ters, involving both patriotism and patriotism with the dollar mark as bar sinister. Two phrases about which the American people heard much dur- ing the war financing are used by Bainbridge Colby, former member of the United States Shipping Board and later Secretary of State, in his pub- lished defense of Charles M. Schwab, who is assailed by the Government in its suit against the Bethlehem Ship- building Corporation. They are “cost plus” and the “know how.” The Gov- ernment, and the people through the tax burden imposed. learned much about them by way of the pocketbook route. While men were being drafted to fight in the front lines in defense of their country, others were demand- ing large sums for the use of their talents by the Government. The making of large fortunes out of war and the materials which are de- manded for the prosecution of war is not new. War profiteering has gone on throughout the centuries, and was found in all the countries involved in the World War. But in the event of another war it is not unlikely there will be popular demand for the draft- ing of men for other services besides actual fighting. The Government, in its suit against the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corpora- tlon and its subsidiaries, has attacked Charles M. Schwab, who acted in the dual capacity of director general of the Emergency Fleet Corporation and president of the Bethlehem Shipbuild- ing Corporation during the war. It charges that Mr. Schwab permitted his companies to make excessive profits out of the shipbuilding opera- tons for the Government, although he wrung millions of dollars of exces- sive profits from other shipbuilders on behalf of the Government. In de- fense of Mr. Schwab Mr. Colby. Fugene G. Grace, president of the Bethlehem Corporation, and Edward N. Hurley, former chairman of the 1'nited States Shipping Board, have in- sisted that Mr. Schwab only took the position of director general of the Fleet Corporation at the earnest solici- tation of President Wilson, and with the understanding that he himselt would have nothing to do wjth the Government's dealings with the Beth- lehem Corporation and its subsidiaries give more work or “‘duties” to the De- partment of Agriculture, but has been content to appropriate rent for such floor space as the department could find in private buildings. The supervising -architect has worked out several plans. Each pro- vides for constructing a central build- ing to unite the white marble wings. One provides for 8 central building of classic design which would be supple- mented by @ Government office build- ing on the south side of B street op- posite the Mall. Another plan is to connect the marble buildings on the Mall and add to them till a large quad- rangle of department buildings would stand there. This plan meets with lit- tle or no favor. Secretary Mellon is quoted as saying, “It is eliminated from consideration at this time on ac- count of cost, time required in carry- ing it out and inadequate space when completed.” Another plan is to finish the marble structure on the Mall and provide fitting accommodations for the research bureaus on land in the suburbs. ——— The Parking Problem. Traffic Director ' Eldridge and the special traffic advisory committee have agreed on a rush-hour parking ban in the congested section of Wash- ington. All parking will be eliminated in the morning from 8 o'clock until 9:15. In the afternoon from 4 o'clock to 6 o'clock no parking will be per- mitted on certain of the downtown streete which will go to make up the arterial highways system in the Dis- trict. Although an experiment in the Na- tional Capital, this plan has been tried with successful results in other cities. Cleveland only recently decided that rush-hour traffic must move with no impediment, and swept its streets clean of parked cars while the peak movement in volume of vehicles was taking place. Banning of morning parking in Washington is expected to do more than make clear streets for the large amount of traffic. It is expected to eliminate definitely and for all time the greatest evil in the entire local parking situation, the all-day parker. He will no longer be able to leave his car placed comfortably on the streets in the early morning to return at nightfall, when he has finished work, and drive it home. The new law will automatically make this impossible. While opposition to the elimination of parking in the morning seems to have died down, there being only onc dissenting vote when the regulation was adopted by the council, there is a strong feeling that parking should be permitted in the afternoon. There seems to be no apparent reason why those who work all day should not be allowed fuil use of the streets for shop- ping purposes at the only time when they can make use of them. Both Director Eldridge and Assist- ant Director Moller are partially in agreement with this thought, and state that only on the streets which are absolutely necessary for the quick movement of traffic will parking be prohibited in the afternoon. With 24 streets named for ‘“no- parking” in the morning and with 18 named in the afternoon. it would seem, however, that some modifying action was necessary in regard to the after- noon ban in carrying out a program of “reasonable” regulation. There are many who feel that only about half of the number of streets set aside for the afternoon are absolutely necessary to the arterial highway system, and that great care should be used in their selection 80 as to allow the full use of the streets for shopper: ————— An issue of the Harvard Lampoon was suppressed because the American flag was not treated with proper dig- nity. The effort to be merry becomes more and more difficult, not to say dangerous. THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., APRIL 19, 1925—PART 2. Mad Orgy of Law-Making Held | Capital Sidelights l Nation’s Greatest Handicap ance would be disastrous to him and perhaps to the Soviet government. Those who have been hoping for a material change of heart at Moscow leading to the establishment there of sound governmental principles will be disheartened by this announcement of Trotsky's restoration to favor of au- thority. The Third Internationale, with its pernicious doctrines of com- munism, is still dominant in Russia. Hylan Hits at Traffic Pets. Mayor Hylan of New York is a candidate for re-election, and there is a feeling on the part of a good many New Yorkers—whether a ma- jority or not remains to be seen— that eight years have been quite enough for him at City Hall. Al though the election will not take place until November the campalgn is really on at this time, and every move of the mayor is calculated to affect the result. His latest step is thus given a political significance. though it relates only to the street traffic situation. He has ordered the police commissioner to enforce the traffic rules against all vehicles, even though they bear tHe mystic letters “P. D.” on their radlators, as sym- bols of special privileges granted by the police department. There are scores of these cars, usually motors of the de luxe class, driven by liveried chauffeurs, daily depositing and tak- ing up. their passengers at down- town office buildings and manufac- turing establishments. In their course downtown in the morning and uptown in the afternoon they whiz along like fire engines, regardless of rules and signs and lights. They are the ‘“class” of the traffic. In- quiry proves that these “P. D.” signs have been granted to speclal favorites of the police commissioner who have in some cases been given honorary titles as officlals of his branch of the municipal government. Now the mayor declares that they must be held subject to traffic rules. The humbler machines of the hol pollot will not have to halt while they go whirling past with traffic cops salut- ing and clearing the way for them. If their drivers transgress the rules they must go to court. Of course, there is indignation among the “P. D."” favorites, and there is also rejoicing among the lowlier users of the streets of Man- hattan. For the moment the mayor has scored. The police commissioner is yet to have his Innings, but in. asmuch as he is the subordinate of the mayor he is not likely to score heavily in his turn at bat. It is a merry game. Meanwhile the bank- ers and the shirtwaist manufacturers and the motion picture magnates and the other special deputies and honor- ary deputy commissioners of police whose cars have the big letters in front are wondering whether the privileges running with the badge are worth the publicity they are now get- ting. e Sclentists have raised the question of whether men are becoming woman- ish. The resemblance between men and women has increased because of bobbed hair. But there is still the fact that no woman, in imitating the head styles of her brothers, will go so far as to become bald. s Recognition of the Soviet govern- ment might be accompanied by an un- derstanding that Russia’s attitude to- ward visiting foreigners will never re- sume the uncompromising exclusive- ness of the old Gays. o Paris still sets the fashions, al- though some of her serioussminded citizens contend that they do not re- flect conservative French taste, but are set as traps to catch American wealth. r————s History repeats itself, this time in | | the form of translation as France takes up that old U. 8. A. struggle for hard money against greenbacks. N The Stone Mountain statuary will introduce the technique of the “to-be- continued” story into sculpture. Trotsky Back in Favor. A dispatch from Moscow announces that Leon Trotsky, who a few months ago was dismissed from his post as head of the Soviet army, has been re- stored to favor through a reconcilia- tion with the commissars, and it is ex- pected that he will soon return to ac- Unless the Government has the best of grounds for its charges it is unfor- tunate that an attempt should have Teen made to blacken the reputation of & man who rendered, it is said, #reat services to his country during the war. The gratitude of republics, unfortunately, has too often been shortlived. On the other hahd, a man who takes advantage of a position of 1rust to benefit himself in the hour of his country’'s distress deserves little compassion. ——— The real mystery of a so-called “mystery play” is the impetuous readi- ness of people to pay good money at the box office. ——— Proposed Agriculture Building. ’ The supervising architect of the Treasury has prepared plans for giv- ing proper housing to the Department of Agriculture. The bill for a $50,000,- 000 Government building program at Washington, lost at the late session of Congress, will be revived next session, and the Department of Agriculture means to be ready with plans for the structure it needs. It claims to be the worst housed of all the departments in Washington, and it backs up the claim with figures showing the number of private structures in which it has un- suitable quarters. Two marble build- ings have been standing in the “Agri- cultural grounds” of the Mall since 1908. These were built to be wings of @ large central building which, though 17 years have passed, still remains a mere sketch on paper. The red brick structure, or “administration build- ing,” built in 1868, is in use, and the department rents about 25 buildings ond algo rents offices in about 20 others, Congress has continued to tive administrative work. He is re- ported to be again in good health and eager to get back into harness. Some weeks ago, it is now stated, he was offered the ambassadorship to Japan, but feared that the duty would im- pose too great a task upon his im- paired health. The dispatch further ®ays that Zinovieff, whose opposition to Trotsky was the main cause of the latter's fall from power, has been ‘“‘silenced,” though it is denied that he is to be dismissed from the govern- ment councils. This news is of importance as indi- cating that thers is no real change at Moscow. When Trotsky had been dis- missed, and virtually exiled, hope was felt that his treatment was a conse- quence of a modification of Soviet ideas of government. It appears now to have been due to personal quarrels. Indeed, ever since Lenin's_ illness which led to his death those who as- pired to succeed him as chief of com- missars, and who compromised their aspirations by forming a cabal, or governing commission, have been manifesting intense jealousies, due, not to differences of opinion on funda- mental questions of government, but to conflicting ambitions. Trotsky's dismissal in January un- doubtedly evoked for him a considera- ble sentiment of sympathy among the Russian people faithful to the Soviet regime. The military. forces were particularly displeased. The erstwhile East Side New Yorker had won the admiration of the troops by his daring maneuvers and by his eloguence. It ‘was feared by his enemies at Moscow that his ouster would be resisted by the army. But no demonstration was made in his favor, probably as a result of his own shrewd precautions. He doubtless knew that a military resist- ———— Advocates of plans for conciliation between France and Germany are afraid that the mention of Von Hin- denburg’s name has spoiled the party. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Chronological Complaint. There are twenty-four houxs In a day, For laborious pow'rs Or for play. ‘We would like forty-eight At the lesst, To golf or orate At the feast. We will eat, we will dance, We wilk play. We will not miss To be gay. ‘When the work that is ours ‘We must do, These twenty-four hours Are too few! chance Modesty. “You must be very popular. out home.” “I dunno as I am so popular,” an- swered Senator Sorghum. “Folks have sort o' come to regard me as in- evitable.” Office Holding. . An office now does not appeal to me. It contradicts my humor. The most of what you get appears to be L A reslgnation rumor. Jud Tunkins says freedom of speech is a blessing until it is so promiscuous- ly exercised that you can't hear what's being said. No Sense of Comedy. “Your boy Josh says he's going to be & movie actor.” “I heard 'im,” answered Farmer Corntossel, “but his appetite's too good fur such a career. Every time we have pie, he insists on eatin’ it in. stid of lettin’ me throw it at him.” Musically Barred. 1 cannot sing the old songs; And I must let alone The tunes of modern, bold songs. T'm not a saxophone. “De hardest work dar is,” said Uncle Eben, “Is fussin’ around to dis de fact dat you ain’ dolge BY THOMAS R. MARSHALL, ‘ormer Vice President of the United Stutes. Talk with whom you will among the thoughtful, you will learn that what the Republic really needs above everything else is a cessation of law making. One discerning man recently put it this way—that, while we used to have one law for the rich and one for the poor, now we have a thousand for each. At ease in our chairs, after a good dinner, we all are quite sat- isfled that the world is governed too much. We feel that if some of the original laws of life which came into effect through no legislative action were allowed to run thelr free course without interruption or inter- ference the world would benefit. We argue that even the law of supply and demand, while not repealable, can be and is hampered by man-made laws, and we ask whether, if hin- dering statutes were cut from this ancient principle, we might not run the race of prosperity with greater zeal and certainty. Moreover, we question the attempt to make immoral that which is not immoral in the nature and constitu- tion of man, and fear that it tends to breed trouble in the Republic and discord in society, May this attempt, we ask, not only lead men to disre- gard and evade law in general, but also lessen their respect for those moral laws which are in consonance with the precepts of religion, and thereby impair enforcement of them? In truth we are crying, “Who shall deliver us from the body of this death?" * ok X % Yet we no sooner pass from our comfortable homes to the halls of legislation than we at once become convinced that our after-dinner talk was idle. We propound the solemn inquiry as to whether government can endure unless it constantly seeks improvement. We regard the legis- lator who comes to the State Capitol with fewer than a half-dozen bills for the betterment of conditions an incompetent. No ty can gain control of public affairs without try- ing to wipe out all that was done by its predecessor and setting up sub- stitute reforms. In the quietude of the home we may protest against all this, but when we become politically active we demand this and more. Hence, the inconsistencies of ap- parently consistent men. The seasons do not change as rap- idly as do the statutes of the land. Ohio enacts a law this year; Indiana enacts it next year, and while Illinols in the third year is going through the movement of putting it upon her statute books ©hio repeals it and in- diana discovers it iz a dead letter. We regard this as a mad orgy of law-making in our sober moments and are against it, yet we are for it and aid it when politics spurs us. * ok %k % In my opinion the people have never suffered from a lack of abun- dant statutory laws upon which to live, but numberless times have been close to death’s door from acute stat- utory indigestion. To my mind, one of the best things that may happen In a legislative hall is failure to en- act. Indefinite postponements are very apt to bhe more valuable than afirmative action. Filibusters which throw the people, naked, into the streams of economic or social life, where they must battle against the waves of adversity until they reach the shore of contentment, after all may be sacred. However, before we have a total surcease of legislation, one change in existing law I hope to see either by judicial interpretation, legislative action or constitutional amendment— whatever may be needed to correct the present situation. I do not like the state of the law governing sub- mission of a proposed amendment to the Constitution. Before an amend- ment may become a part of the Con- stitution it must be ratified by 36 of the 48 States. Unless specific limita- tion is placed by the amendment it- self, there is no time limit on adop- tion. In other words, a Leglslature may act on the proposed amendment next year, or any year . as long as the amendment is pending. Moreover, ratification, once voted, is permanent and not subject to reconsideration or rescind- ing. e On the other hand, rejection of an amendment by a Legislature may be only temporary. Any succeeding Legis- lature may again vote on ratification, and the question of ratification may be kept before the Legislature until fa- vorable action’ {s obtained, gvhereupon procedure ends. This is an anomoly which I would eliminate. Any State which last Winter ratifled the so-called child labor amendment— this by way of illustration-—certified its ratification to the Secretary of State in Washington and thereby ended all fu- ture consideration so far as that par- ticular State was concerned. Through its properly constituted representatives, it placed itself on record for all time to come in favor of transferring to the gen- eral Government the power to restrain, restrict and prohibit the labor of all persons up to 18 years of age. The ques- tion of ratification or rejection became a closed incident upon ratification. No revulsion of public sentiment would enable a succeeding Legislaturs to re- open the question. What was written was written to remain permanently upon the record. Nothing less than a Fed- eral repeal amendment submitted by the Government to the States would enable a State to change its afirmative action. * % % % Yet a State that rejected the child labor amendment may vote on it again, not only once more but as many more times it may desire. This enables those who favor the amendment to seek pledges, openly or surreptitiously, from the candidates to the next Legislature that, if elected, they will vote to ratify the amendment. When done openly this is not so bad, but when done secretly it 18 indefensible. In either case it may mean that without any change in the attitude of the people toward the amendment a succeeding Legisiature may set aside the action of its predecessor and join the States in favor of the amendment 1 ses no justice in a situation whereby a State never can go back upon ratification. of an amendment, yet always can go back upon re- jection. The vote, whether affirma- tive or negative, should be forever conclusive, or each State, up to the time of ratification by three-fourths of the States, should have the right to change ite vote on ratification. The child labor amendment, which has been rejected by most of the States, should not ultimately be adopted through sinuous influences. No State should attempt to change its vote until and unless a full dis- cussion of the amendment, in which the voters may participate, has been conducted. (Copyrighted 1925, 21st Century Press ) THE COMMUNITY CHEST BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN Recently a drive was made to raise funds for a social welfare organiza- tion., An expert in matters of that kind'was employed and over 100 busi- ness 'and professional men were en- listed to do the soliciting in teams. The drive lasted 10 days. Approxi- mately $30,000 was raised. The ex- penses, including the compensation of the expert, amounted to some leaving a net of about $25,000. One hundred men for 10 day: resented 1,000 days' work, which netted barely $25 a day. The men engaged in this sollciting .were all busy men of affairs, many of them men of large interests. The time of every one of them was worth on an average more than $25 a day. This happened in Washington and is cited as one of the reasons why lead- ing Washingtonians, who are inter- ested in social service, have started a_movement to establish a community chest in the Capital City. Another reason Is that there are so many of these drives—scarcely a week passing without a city-wide solicitation for one charity or social welfare organi- zation or another—that the contribut- ing public has grown weary of con- stant importunings to give and no longer responds liberally and cheer- fully. The big idea of the community chest is that in one brief, intensified campaign there are raised all the funds that are needed by all the soclal service Institutions and organizations in a city for one year. It means sys- tematizing and centralizing philan- thropy. It means that more money in the aggregate is raised at materially less expense, that the number of con- tributors is vastly increased, that the individual welfare units fare better than when each makes its own fight for funds, that duplication and over- lapping in charitable work are elimi- nated, that a larger share of the donor’s dollar goes to the actual work for which it is intended, that the pro- fessional social service workers can glve more time and energy to the du- ties of the positions they occupy, that rivalries in the raising of funds be- tween or among the varlous soclal service institutions and organizations are eliminated, that the newspapers are no longer asked to open their col- umns daily to the propaganda of a hundred or more charitable ‘“‘causes,” and that the individual contributor can determine exactly what he can and will give to charity in a year, give it, and then be assured that for 11 months he will be spared the har- assment of tag days, begging letters and personal solicitation. Economy and Efficiency. ‘ In brief, the argument for the com- munity chest is essentially one of economy and efficiency. That is why it appeals to such men as President Calvin Coolidge and Secretary Herbert Hoover, who have long been fighting for the elimination of waste in every- thing that affects the public interest. Some years ago an investigation was made of the philanthroples of a large city, and it was learned that of every dollar given to charity bare- ly 20 cents was expended in the cause for which the contribution was made. The other 80 cents went for the ex- penses of raising funds and the over head \jn administering the charties. Needl to say, that city did mot have a community chest. A study of “social agencies and the community’ made by the civic development department of the Chamber of Commerce of the United States shows that out of 94 cities from which reports were received 60 had the community chest system or some sort of financial federation hav- ing some of the features of the chest. Cleveland and Cincinnati are two cities in which the community chest pas been notably successful. In the tter city the movement was started about 10 years ago, when 12 soclal agencles agreed to co-operate in the matter of raising funds. In 1918 this developed into the war chest, and two years.later the war chest be- came the community chest, which now has 83 participating agencies. In 1915 about 4,000 persons in Cin- cinnati were contributing regularly to the support of various social agencies. Last year the number of contributors to the community chest was considerably in excess of $0,000. Under the old system it cost on an average of 15 per cent to raise funds. This expense has been reduced to 1.4 per cent under the community chest plan. The annual drive will be made this month in Cincinnati and a total of $1,859,293 is being sought. How the System Works. It is the purpose of the community chest organization to include all the social agencles of a city—Protestant, Catholic, Jewish and non-sectarian. ‘The usual form of procedure is to cre- ate a board of directors, a certain number of whom are chosen by the participating agencies and the otkers by the Chamber of Commerce or some such clvic organization. This board of directors manages the chest and passes upon applications for partici- pation, Participating agencles %re required to file detailed statements of their financial condition, submit monthly re- ports of thelr expenditures, have their books audited by expert accountants, make reports of the specific services rendered and submit an estimate of their annual requirements. The ex- ecutive budget committee of the com- munity ‘chest passes upon these esti- mates and allocates to each agency the amount of money it is to receive from the chest fund, always giving any agency dissatisfied with its allot- ment a full hearing. The public is then notified that for the year in question a certain aggre- gate sum Is required for the com- munity welfare work and that each agency is to receive a certain stipu- lated share of that aggregate. No participating agency can solicit funds on its own acoount. For example, the Cincinnati budget last year included items ranging from $950 for the Eclectic Maternity So- ciety to $130,298 for the Assoclated Charities, $147,000 for the emergency fund and $161,244 for the United Jew- ish Social Agencies, which included 17 separate organizations. The Y. M. C. A. was listed for $94,210 and the Y. W. C. A. for $47,942. Settlements and day nurserfes received sums ranging from $1,500 to $20,000, and hospitals and other health agencies were budgeted at from $1,000 to $57,800. Contributors to the community chest may make their gifts to the &en- eral fund, or they may designate the specific charities or agencies among which they wish it divided. Thus a person giving a total of $1,000 may allot $100 to the Boy Scouts, $100 to the Salvation Army, $200 to the Visit- ing Nurse Assoclation, $300 to the Bu- reau of Catholic Charities, etc. Each agency is notified of his interest in its work. If more money is desig- nated, in the aggregate, to an agency than its budget calls for, such excess amounts are assigned to the undesig- nated fund or held for the agency until the next fiscal year. In Cincinnati théy say that the community chest is a logical answer to the demand for a more business- like administration and efficient oper- ation of charities and social service work. One of its functions is to serve as the treasury of & social serv- ice democracy. An even greater ‘unction is thai which puts vision into the whole work of social service and lifts this work Into the constructive fleld. It builds for the future and does not only repair the past and present. . o < i The presentation to President Cool- idge of the most beautiful book that ever came out of the Government Printing Office by Lieut. Col. Clarence O. Sherrill, containing the report on the Grant Memorial, recalls the very human-interesting and tragically pa- thetic story of Henry Merwin Shrady, the great unknown artist whose im- aginative brain conceived and whose skilled hands created this most colos- sal sculpture that any country has in modern times erected to any man. Shrady put 20 years of unremitting labor into this task—a massive group with a pedestal 252 feet long and a central figure rising 65 feet above the ground—and died just 15 days before the dedication exercises, in April, 1922. Five years before he started on this monument Shrady, just out of Colum- bia University, was employed in the office of a match-manufacturing con- cern and hankering to become a law- yer, when typhoid fever laid him low for a time. During the long, slow months of recupation he amused him- self sketching animals, sometimes stopping at the window of a bird store or again wandering through the Zoo. He had no idea of entering upon a serfous pursuit of art. But Mrs. Shrady took a sketch of a dog to the National Academy exhibition, where it was accepted by the committee. Ob- livious of the plot, Mr. Shrady visited the exhibition rooms and nearly col- lapsed when he saw his own sketch, and again when it was sold for $50. * k ok * The two bronze groups represent- ing artillery and cavalry, on either flank of the monument, are said to be the largest bronze groups which have been cast and erected in America. | They measure 23 feet in length by 10 feet in width and about 11 feet in height. They weigh 14 tons each. The equestrian figure of Gen. Grant is about 17 feet in height, and un- doubtedly holds the record for size in this “country. It weighs 10,700 pounds, *xEx E. F. Concklin, the veteran assist- ant and chief clerk of the office of public buildings and grounds, calls attention that the location of the Grant Memorial at its present site, with the location of the Lincoln Memorfal at the west end of the Mall, has fixed forever the Mall in general accordance with the early dream of George Washington. “We, therefore,” he comments, “‘have three of our most {llustrious Presidents suitably and nobly remembered by in- Spiring memorials at the three con- trolling points of the Mall.” And now we are to have the new Roosevelt Memorial located near the river on the north and south axis of the Mall, with the Washington Monument as & center. * K % % What of Vermont? It is usually a little-heard-of State—but now that President Coolidge has put the native sons on the honor list, and now that we have a new Attorney General Sar- gent from the Green Mountain en- virons—we must take notice. With the forthcoming celebration of the 150th anniversary of the battle of Bennington, “where American spirit had its birth,” we are reminded by Representative Ernest W. Gibson, who, by the way, s a very active and sympathetic member of the House District cominittee, that the sons of Vermont “have been at the cruclal points of every conflict.” “They led the charge up the heights of Chapultepec, on the plains of Mex- ico. They stood as the rock at Get- tysburg, against which the brave sons Lot the South broke in their magnifi- cent charge. Her Dewey struck the shackles of 300 vears of misrule from the Filipinos and opened wide the gates of those Oriental islands to the civilization of the West. Her Clark brought the Oregon across the tropics and around the Horn, 5,000 miles, to Santiago, ready to whip the whole Spanish navy. “In the late war she sent 1 in of her population into the service, per cent of whom were volunteers. Her Collamer and Foote, Edmunds, Proctor and Dillingham have stood as giants in the hails of legislation. Her artists, educators and inventors have given a wealth unmeasured to the Nation. Out from among her people {have come the direct forbears of three Vice Presidents and four Presi- dents of the Republic. “She has been a movements. leader in great She was the first State to declare that human slavery should not exist. In 1799, when the well de- fined movement to break up the Union was under way, it was the Legislature of Vermont that boldly declared for one indissoluble Union, now and for- ever, adopted a principle that 65 years | after became the guiding idea and the | uniting bond of the sisterhood Such an inspiring summa; us that it is well occasionall tock ‘and get better acquainted with our several States and what they have done for the Union. * X X K One of the heart-interest students of the immigration problem, who has taken a very active part in legislation for the last four vears, is Representa- tive John L. Cable of Ohio. A recent survey made by him discloses that Greeks, Italians, Japanese. Poles, Por- tugueses, Rumanians, Slovaks and Turks have been leaving the United States in larger numbers than they have been coming in. But our citi- zenship shows an increasing infustion of such blood as the Dutch, Flemish, English, French, Germans, Irish, Nor- wegians, Danes, Swedes and Scotch. More male than female aliens come to our shorer, but fewer females leave, 50 we get a net gain of two females to one mu 2. Farmers and farm labor- ers constiute the largest class by oc- cupational accounting, with laborers next, then servants, clerks and ac- countants, carpenters, teachers, edi- tors, brewers and tobacco workers, in order. * x % x Thirty vears ago we had 300 motor vehicles of all kinds registered in the whole United States, Representative Harry B. Hawes of Missouri points out. Twerty years ago there were 77,000 and ten years ago 2,445,000. Today we have 15,000,000 registered motor vehicles and an annual output of 3,000,000. Twenty years ago there were but 400 motor trucks where to- day there are more than 2,000,000, He has warned his colleagues in Con- gress that we are facing a new and great national transportation problem. Today the Federal road-aild system covers the 48 states with a network of 175,000 miles of approved projects, and, as all of these great highway systems link into Washington, and since “all roads lead to the Nation's Capital,” no wonder we have a seri- ous traffic problem here. * kx4 Let the tourists come to their home city and learn more about their Gov- ernment. Complaining about our present for- eign loan policy, and arguing that it hurts the United States and helps England, Representative Ralph F. Lozier of Missouri tells us that Amer- jean tourists spent abroad last year approximately $400,000,000 more than was spent by foreign tourists in the United States. Residents of the United States sent to relatives in foreign lands approximately $400,000,000 in 1924. The people of the United States last year paid foreign steamship com- panies more than $73,000,000 for transportation of our passengers and commodities. These three items alone, Representative Lozier claims, wipe out the so-called favorable balance of trade. Let the American citizens come to ‘Washington in increasing numbers, as they have been doing during the Easter holidays, and see how their money is being well spent in buildivg a great national shrine for patriotisin, la center for arts and sciences—the most beautiful city in all the wotld, MEN AND AFFAIRS BY ROBERT T. SMALL. It begins to look very much as ** we would have a senatorial investiga tion next Winter of the so-called fish incident at the White House. The inquiry will be directed at finding out just what the President actually did mean when he seemed to imply that Brown-ups ought to stay away from hook, line and sinker; that they ought to stick to their job, remain at their desks and leave such pastimes to the forgotten days of their boyhood. In casting aspersions at the noble art of angling—if he did cast asper- slons—the President treaded not alone upon the toes of some highly regarded members of his cabinet, but on some rather sore toes up on Capitol Hill. Among other things, it so hap- pened that Senator Borah of Idaho, the most powerful man on the Re- publican side of the Senate, had but recently delivered a very profound and always learned address before the Izaak Walton League up in New York City. Senator Borah appeared to go upon the theory that the fisher- man was a philosopher; that he was a ruminant, so to speak, meditatively considering the state of the Nation— a man, in short, to be addressed in a serious, thoughtful frame of mind. In any event Senator Borah treated the members of the Izaak Walton League with deep respect and this was a great concession on his part for any organization with the name “league" attached to its is anathema to the dis- tinguished son of Idaho. It is no light thing in the present state of strained relations for the White House even midly to seem to cast aspersions upon anything a Sen. ator may do, whether it be to sit by @ stream and angle himself or to ad- dress a body of profound anglers on the higher thought of the day. Conse- quently an investigation would seem to be in order. There have been in- vestigations on far less provocation. * ok ok % shing is a funny thing. You are either a fisherman or you are not. There {8 no midground. You are a bug” or a total abstainer. Neither “bug” nor total abstainer can under- stand the degredation of the other. Offhand, one would say that Presi- dent Coolidge has the ideal fishing temperament — patient, painstaking, calm, cool and collected. He looks like an angler who would wait all day for a bite. There unquestionably is a mystery about the fishing business. There are men of 60 and more today Who are as fond of the sport as Tom Sawyer and “Huck” Finn ever were. They will never get over it. They are fishermen to their graves. The President’s intimation that fishing is no man's sport—in so far as he is concerned, at any rate—is ques- tioned, it would seem, by his very own national conference on outdoor recrea- tion, in which young Col. Theodore Roosevelt represented the Chief Ex- ecutive. That conference adopted a resolution on fishing. It might have been written by old Izaak Walton himself. In any event, he would have been proud of the disciple who in- This and That By Charles E. Tracewell. Jack Spratt, the cocoa cat, is de- termined to catch a bird this Spring. He belleves the world owes every feline at least one. Perhaps a word of explanation may be necessary as to that modifying phrase, “the cocoa cat.” While Jack is a very fine specimen of gray and black tiger tom, he has an undercoat of light brown. This cocoa brown, of a slight red- dish hue, is only seen in some lights and at some times. It sets off his stripes in splendid fashion, his very symmetrical markings gleaming as if he had been dipped in butter. Cat fanciers say that a raw egg, now and then, will make the coat shine, but Spratt comes by his glossy apparel naturally. When he was nothing but an alley cat, with a tail like that of a rat, his coat was very glossy. Today Jack Spratt has a very fat tail—a sign of health—and a coat that positively gleams, in its bold striped designs, over gray and cocoa brown. His outfit is what is sometimes de- scribed as “elegant.” * X ok * Hitherto Jack Spratt has been so engrossed in the technique of catching birds that he has never caught one. Human beings, it may be added, are not free from this trait Last Spring was Jack's first flowery season in this world. After a Winter of snow he found the grass growing green, the flowers out and the birds plentiful. “‘Ah, ha!” said Jack, as well as a cat can. “I am going to catch one of chirping cusses if it takes all Accordingly, he settled down in the grass after the immemorial fashion of the cat tribe, eyes gleaming, legs bent, the light gray fur showing on his “elbow He wiggled his whiskers at the birds in approved style, but nary a bird moved. “Pretty soft,” mewed Jack, taking a wary step forward. The birds kept flirting around, as if they hadn’t the slightest idea in the world that a predatory animal was on their trail. Jack advanced himself a couple of inches. After crouching for fully half a minute, he crept up another inch. “Atta boy, old Jack, at that rate you'll get clear across the yard by night,” was the encouragement hol- lered at him. Jack turned his head reprovingly, as if to say, “Shut up, can’t you see I am about to get him?" As there was at least 40 more feet for him to go, however, one did not feel inclined to fear much for the unsuspecting birds. Jack, nevertheless, imagined he was in the jungle. His eyes gleamed with the joy of the chase. He edged him- self forward as much as 1% inches. No lynx could have gone softer. “Watch me,” Jack's eyes declared. * X % % Just then the Lady Next Door came out. She has a Bird Complex. “Ch, don’t let him kill the poor little birds,” she cried. “He will never catch one all Sum- mere at his present rate,” I replied. 'Oh, yes, he will. A cat's a cat. “Yes, a cat's a cat, all right, but Jack Spratt is Jack Spratt. With that neat retort, I settled down to watch Jack lose his bird. Sure enough, after he had painfully progressed 10 feet, he had the chagrin of seeing the flock fly away. And it was that way all Summer. ‘He was so intent on ereeping, accord- ing to the best traditions, that he never got within catching distance. This Spring old Spratt has shown a .disposition to get right down to business. He still cling8 to the creep- ing brand of progress, but has modi- fled it considerably.. Now he creeps for a few feet, then suddenly springs forward. ‘ He has seen the error of his ways, and is determined to bring down the quarry at any hazard of being seen. Robins, in particular, arouse his vast ire. They are so fat, so impudent, so sure of themselves. i T will take anything in feathers, Jack said, “but especially 1 am after one of those Robin fellers. They do 1 “Twi 113, 187 duced the conference to resclve that— “Angling provides a sport unparal- leled for its recreational, health-giv- ing advantages for individuals in every walk of life, regardless of class age, nationality or sex, from the humblest barefooted boy to the baron in_industry ‘Whatever may have heen intended or unintended in the White House fish pronouncement, the foregoing res olution will be music to the anglers ears T The truth about the President is that he thinks of fishing just as he does of virtually every other sport. It may be all right for other people, but it has no appeal to him. This is true of so many other things. The President probably thinks o gOIf with a shudder. Like those who scoffed at the game vears ago, he probably sees no reason why a grown man should chase a little white ball in and out of ditches and sandtraps for a whole afternoon. Such a sport does not come under the head of pleasure with him. The President does not care for hunting. He oct sionally has gone out riding, but not with any particularly degree of either satisfaction or comfort. His friend- liest biographers have dwelt upon this lack of the love of sports in his make-up. They say he was not even fond of fishing as a boy and the woods in Autumn held no keen in- terest for him as for the ordinars be and his gun and his dog The President always has been a worker. He is one of those few men to whom work is a recreation, sup- plying all the want of sport or pas time. And vet the contradiction to all this would seem to be the President’s love for yachting trips on the May flower. He has used the yacht far more often and consistently than any other President. * ¥ ¥ % At this time, when housing condi- tions are occupying the attention of the entire country, it may be of in- terest to read the laws of landlord and tenant laid down by the wise King Kamehameha T of Hawall, back in 1842. Kamehameha had conquered all the Sandwich Islands and the New England missionairfes were on their way to bring the more modern ideas of civilization. _ Royal Mead, who divides his time between Washington and Hawaii, dug up the old law of Kamehameha for some of his legal friends at the Capital and at least the tenants of these later days will rise up and call the King blessed who decreed: “Landlords, oppress not your ten- ants; condemn them not without a cause, while they continue to do well. 1f a land agent do thus to his tenants and dispossess them without a crime on their part, he shall pay a fathom swine to his tenant and the tenant shall not be dispossessed.’ The penalty was a heavy one, for even in the stockyards today it would be difficult to find a six-foot pig with | which to pay. (Copyrig! 1 Fifty Years Ago In The Star In the preparation of plans for the centennial exposition at Philadelphia in 1876 many questions arose which caused general discussion. In The : n : Educationat 5537 1 AP0 i rial *under the the Centennial. 1o, upier the Education Be Represented?” as fol- lows: “That the representation of Ameri- can education at the centennial in 1876 is exciting the deepest interest among educators is evidenced by the fact that thousands of this class all over the country are writing to the United States commissioner of edu- cation to inquire ‘What is to be done and how shall it be done? Various suggestions, all looking to a proper representation of educational inter- ests,"have been made, and aided in a measure by these and experience gained at other expositions, the Bu- reau of Education has proposed for transmission to such as desire to co- operate in the exhibition ‘a synopsis of the proposed Centennial History of American Education,’ which, while comprehensive, is designed to embody in suceinct form the experience of our best educators and to evoke' such ex hibits as will show at a glance not only the history and character of edu cation, but its influences and results. ““The most important feature of the exhibit, perhaps,will be statements fol- lowing each educational period, show. ing the influences and results of that particular period as attributable to education. For instance, among these results are specified. under their ap- propriate headings, such _notable events as the Revolutionary War, the adoption of the Federal Constitution, printing of Webster's spelling book in 1783, Whitney's cotton gin, Fulton's steamboat, acquisition of territory by the United States, abolition of the slave trade, intrcduction of canals and railroads, the Missouri compromise, McCarmick’s reaper, the electric tele- graph, the Mexican War, emigration and immigration, the panic of 1857, Atlantic cable, the war and abolition of slavery, panic of 1873, etc. The synopsis seems to meet the necessi- ties of the case pretty fully, but, of course, s subject to such modification in the future as may be deemed proper.” ladies,” sa The Star of April “who fell into a polite dis- pute yesterday while looking at the north fountain of the Treasury, and . who know The Star to be Lions or an authority on art, have ‘Wh written to ask whether at? the sculptor has faithfully carved the heads of lions, or whether he intentionally modified the leonine phiz with a touch of grotesqueness usual in gargoyles. It places us in a delicate position. We can give but one opinion, we must satisfy both par- tell the truth. s were good, con- ventlonal lions in the beginning, but have imbibed Potomac water till they are turning into dragons.” - * * Comparison of the taxatlon rates and levies in Washington with those in other cities which has been necessary in recent years to show, contrary to : congressional declara- Taxation tions, that the Wash- ingtonian is not under- Compared. (233" Vas In Vogue half a century ago. The subject of taxation was then one of acute inter- est here because of the enactment of a new law, which included a personal tax feature decidedly obnoxious to the local taxpayers. In The Star of April 16, 1875, is an editorial which sets forth rates of taxation then prevalent in Baltimore, and then says: Tt will be seen that Baltimore, with a_population nearly three times that of Washington, and with more than 10 times the wealth of Washington, pays for both city and State taxes but $2,288,206, a sum much less than is levied upon our city under the oner ous construction put upon the recent law of Congress. It appears evident that the rate of taxation is not only less in Baltimore than in Washington but that the rate of assessment is ex ceedingly lenient there: otherwise, even at the moderate rate of taxation nur;. the -fioa;n reuull;d w(:’uld be. much larger at wealthy and popu- lous city than the amount nuned."