Evening Star Newspaper, October 23, 1924, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR With Sw Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY....October 23, 1924 THEODORE W. NOYES. . ..Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Ofice, 11th St. and Pennsylvania Ave Ng ok Office: 110 Fast d2nd st cago Ofice: Tower Bulldiug, Turmgmeo Ofice: 15 Regent Bt.,London, England. The Evening &tar, with the Sunday moming sdition, in delivered by carriers within the city af 80 cents per month: daily only, 4 vents per month: Sunday ofly, 20 cedts’ per month. Orders may be sent by or tele- ohone Main 5000, Collection fa made by car- riers at the end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Maryland and Virgi: Dally and Sunday.1yr., $8.40 Dalily only 1yr. Sunday only . Hiyrs All Other States. Daily and Sunday.1 yr., $10.00;1 mq Daily only . 1yr, $7.00;1m Sunday only ....1yr, $3.00;1mo., 25¢ Member of the Associated Press. The Aswociated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dis- oatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this paper and also the local mews pub- lished * he Il rights of pudlication of #pecial dispatches herein are also reserved. Manila Anti-Chinese Riots. The anti-Chinese riots in Manila carry the mind back to Malay mas- sacres of Chinese under Spanish and Dutch inspiration or order in the past, and raise interesting questions con- cerning race development of the pres- ent and in the future. Have the Malays of Luzon and the Visayan Islands under American lead- ership and influence developed out of the racial hates of the period of Span- ish domination? Have they so dis- ciplined themselves in progress to- ward orderly stable government that these racial hates, where they still exlst, are firmly repressed: Of course, these questions to a cer- tain extent answer themselves. It is inconceivable that the history in this respect of the seventeenth, eighteenth and the first part of the nineteenth century should under the changed conditions be repeated in the twen- tieth, The records of the Chinese in Manila, as given by historian Fore- man, show that in 1603 the Chinese were first goaded into hopeless revolt and then slaughtered, about 24,000 being killed or taken prisoners. In 1639 the Chinese again unsuccesstully revolted against official robbery and oppression. During this conflict an edict was published ordering all the Chinese in the provinces to be slain. In 1660 there was another massacre. Tn 1755 all non-Christian Chinese were expelled from the Philippines. In 1763 about 6,000 Chinese were murdered by the Spanish in the provinces. In 1820 a general massacre of Chinese and other foreigners took place in Manila, The Filipinos were in hearty accord with the Spanish government in these massacres, and one of the planks of the platform of their revolt against Spain demanded the exclusion of the Chinese from the Philippines. The difference between the seven- teenth or eighteenth and the twentieth century would also doubtless be re- flected in the attitude of any Chinese government toward Chinese victims of riot or massacre. On the occasion of the first great massacre of the Chinese by the Span- ish the latter feared lest their trade with China might be alfected thereby; “consequently they hastened to dis- patch an envoy to China to explain matters and to reassure the Chinese traders. Much to their surprise, they found the viceroy of Canton little con- cerned about what had happened, and the junks of merchandise arrived as heretofore.” Miss Scidmore, in her volume con- cerning Java, says: “In time the Chi- nese (in Batavia) fomented insurrec- tion against the Dutch, and in 1740, joining with disaffected natives, in- trenched themselves in a suburban fort. The Dutch, in alarm, gave the order, and over 20,000 Chinese then within the walls were put to death, not an infant, & woman nor an aged person being spared. In fear of the wrath of the Emperor of China elab- orate excuses were framed and sent to Peking. Sage old Keen Lung re- sponded only by saying that the Dutch had served them right; that ‘any death was too good for Chinese ‘who would desert the graves of their ancestors.’ " History cannot repeat itself either in respect to Malayan and European murderous assaults upon the Chinese or in respect to a Chinese govern- ment’s indifference to massacres of its people. ——— Certain groups of Japanese citizens are inclined to formulate a resentful message, but there is no immediate apprehension that they will say it with war planes. ————— A campaign fund requires great pre- cislon in its management. It is in- efficlent if too small and dangerous if too large. Automobile Tragedies. ‘The Census Bureau has issued sta- tistics of automobile casualties dur- ing 1923, showing 14,412 deaths from motor accidents. In the District of Columbia were 86 deaths from motor vehicles, excluding motor cycles, ‘which represented a death rate of 18.1 per 100,000 population. This automo- bile accident death rate was below that of 33 of 68 cities included in the Census Bureau figures. It was con- siderably higher than in a number of States. There is nothing necessarily sig- nificant in the accident figures fir ‘Washington as compared with States. All the District is city territory and it is believed that a larger per- centage of District inhabitants own automobiles than inhaebitants of any State. .n eddition to home-owned oars probably more foreign cars, or wmrs from States, are moving in the streets of Washington than in the streets of any other city.. There are probably more cars in operation ,in ‘Washington in proportion to popu- lation than in eny State, or any other €ity. Yet there are States which have @ greater automobile mortality than the City of Washington. In the summary of States California heads the list with a rate of 32.6 degths per 100,000 population, and ¥yoming is second with g rate of 241. In the list of cities, Camden, N. J., leads with a rate of 35.4, and Scranton, Pa., is second with 29.2. Washington Is far down the list with a death rate of 18.1 per 100,000 pop- ulation. The lowest death rate from automobiles among the States s that of Mississippi, whose rate is given as 4.4 per 100,000. It would probably be found that the number of automobiles per 100,000 population is also lowest there. A number of cities smaller in population than Washington and, it is believed, with a smaller ratio of automobiles to population, have a higher death rate from eutomobile accidents. The death rate from automobile ac- cidents in Washington is higher than it should be, and many plans have been tried and are being tried to make the streets safer, The people of this town will not let up in their cam- paign for safety until the movement of vehicles and pedestrians in the streets is effectively regulated and the ratio of traffic accidents to population is brought down to the lowest possible figure. ———— The Pre-Election “Ifs.” These are the days when the po- litically minded citizens, who take a keen interest in the presidential elec- tion, are studying the tables of States and electoral votes with concentrated attention, They comypare the records of past performances and try to divide the States into groups according to probabilities. There is, for example, the “solid South,” presumebly and almost certainly Democratic, with electoral votes for Davis. There is, again, New England, with presumable preference for Coolidge. There are other States that are in habit either Republican or Democratic, such as Pennsylvania on the former side and Maryland on the Ilatter, though Maryland is not quite so habitually Democrstic as Pennsyl- vania is Republican. Then there is the new battleground, the North- west, with {ts uncertainties due to a third-party candidacy. And there is the Middle-West, with its potentiali- ties for upsetting the apple cart, as did Ohio in 1916, It is an interesting game. Figuring on electoral votes is mnot so easy as it might appear, especially in a third-party year. “If” plays an important part in the case. “If” cer- tain classes of votes are cast one way particular States “may" go that way. Straw votes and polls are watched with keen interest to give some indication of how the “ifs” are leaning. The betting is noted as well, for it is realized that those who maks bets are mainly those who seek to win money and do not risk their cash save upon carefully calculated reckoning of the chances. To reach 266 votes, which is the electoral essentlal, one of the three candidates must carry the assured group of traditionally Republican or Democratic States and most of the doubtful or debatable States. Thus, for instance, Mr. Coolidge must carry New England, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Ohio, In- diana, Iilinois, Michigan, Towa, Kan- sas and Califonria, or their equiva- lents, which would give him 268 votes, or two more than enough. He must carry other States to make good de- ficiencles if Maryland and Towa, for example, were lost by him. Thus, with those two States lost, he could still be elected by carrying Nebraska, Ore- gon, Idaho and Utah, giving just the 21 votes of Maryland and Iowa. That is a typical combination of the electoral vote analysis. It affords a working basis for computation. With such a list in hand the watcher of the skles is just now noting all the signs on the horizon, the drift of wind, the shape and size and color of clouds, and is making his forecast. The ardent and optimistic partisan may see some of the signs through a distorting medium and guess wrong in consequence. His “ifs” get twist- ed. If he bets on his miscalculated confidence he loses his money. —————————— ews items are continually convey- ing disappointing reminders that it is impossible to reform penitentiary discipline to ean extent rendering the prisoners contented end willing to stay in of nights. ——————————— Overexertion is avolded by Gov. Charles Bryan. His advisers may be inclined to limit their slogans to “Let well enough alone” and “It is always the unexpected that happen ————— ‘The Prnice of Wales is resting. This fact should not prevent Lord Renfrew from running over to New York on election night and seeing one of the real sights of America. ' —————————— In predicting the election of Presl dent Coolidge, Uncle Joe Cannon re- iterates his old and frequent expres- slons of faith in the wisdom of the plain people. —————————— Infant Slayers. An ‘Atlantic City mother left her three-month infant in a perambulator on the sidewalk opposite her home for a few minutes the other day while she went on an errand. When she returned she found that some small children had thrown sand and gravel upon the baby's face until ft was choked. It died scon after, despite immediate medical attention. The grief-stricken mother declares - that she does not want the children prose- cuted, or eyen,identified, as she is sure “they did not know what they were doin, This shocking case comes so close upon the Chicago atrocity of a few months ago, in which two young men experimented with a human life for a “thrill,” that it draws attention to the chance of a. possible effect upon the juvenile mind-of that hor- ror. Nobody, it -semes, knows. just how old the children are who did this thing. They .may be themselves little more than infants, or théy may be old enough to have heard of the Chicago cruelty. In any case, their “prank’ was not in’the order of or- dinary child play. It was inspired by cruelty. The tormenting of younger children 18 not uncommon on the part of little folks. In any group of them there is apt to be one who is more than ordinarily’ He, or she, something,' perhaps an abnor- mal play, and the others unthinkingly follow. In this case, probably one of the ghildren thought it would be smart and amusing to make the baby cry by pelting it with gravel and sand. By an almost percussive force the idea spread, and immediately many hands were at work. Of course, such little folks cannot be punished by the law for a crime of which they were hardly cognizant. But their identities should be dis- closed and the shocking nature of their deed brought home to them in some way. There {s altogether too much perniclous precocity at present on the part of very young people, and this Atlantic City case is a revolting illustration that should not pass with tears for the dead infant. —————————— Mars Again. ‘While the candidates for President are coming down the homestretch we still have time to talk about Mars. There are men in the United States, and perhaps in other parts of the world, who insist on communication between Mars and Earth. In a tele- gram to The Star it was said that though we did not talk with Mars when he nearly visited us last August we are going to some day. The Aerial League of America has been “check- Ing up” on mysterious sounds last August, and it is said that it was Mar- tian static “which kept millions of radio fans from hearing as well as usual on their sets on that memorable August 24.” It is also said that “it is more llkely that there are people on the sister planet than the most sanguine theorists had really hoped,” and that “not only is Mars not as cold as it has been reported to be, but quite possibly it is warm enough to sustain human life.” Some of the claims are made by Prof. Todd, the astronomer, who was foremost last August in the plan to keep the alir qulet that listeners-in might catch a message from Mars. He says that auroral flashes were seen on Mars when it was next door to Earth and that the flashes syn- chronized with static disturbance of our radlo sets. Ti would be interesting to learn that Mars has a more agreeable cli- mate than most of our astronomers have given it, and our people would be glad to know that they have neigh- bors on Mars. We may find the solu- tion of the Mars problem in time. Some of our smartest investigators have the job in hand, and one may be pardened for believing that the Mar- tians cannot much longer elude us. ——— In addition to congratulating the farmer on the high price of wheat the ultimate consumer is agaln called on to congratulate the mine owners on the high price of coal. ——r—e————— The campaign is warm with inter- est, but has not yet developed any epi- sode that compares in vociferous excitement with the Madison Square Garden convention. —————— A comparatively short time ago Wil- helm Hohenzollern would have thought it impossible for so much business to g0 on with no one asking his opinion about anything. ————— Germany proceeds to the matter of elections with an earnestness and vitality which prove that whatever dangers may threaten apathy is not among them. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Ghosts. Of ghosts I always had a dread; From any thought of them I fled. And yet I never knew a sprite ‘Who wandered through the shades of night That did & thing but sadly prowl And, maybe, raise a dismal howl. I never met & ghost who'd view Me as his prey, like burglars do, Nor one who was not kinder far Than spirits in a bootleg car. I never met one who would sell Me stocks that did not turn out well— As frankly I the facts recall, I never met a ghost at all. If any friend could introduce Me to a ghost who wandered loose, I think I'd cultivate Sir Spook And never offer a rebuke. Though maybe, for @ night or two, He'd make me jump when he said * “Bo He would not hook my watch end chain Nor bruise me up for worldly gain; And his companionship I'd find Safer than that of human kind. Better Let Alone. “I am glad to see that you don't throw any mud.” “It's dangerous to start anything of the kind,” answered Senator Sorghum. “You're never sure you're going to plaster the other fellow, but you're compelled in the nature of the pro- ceeding to have some on your own hand: Jud Tunkins says pictures of the ZR-3 show nice living quarters, but the thing’s too expensive to solve any housing problems. —_— Rallying the Voters. Go forth, oh men, with zeal immense. Go forth, oh women, with & smile. The children in- their innocence May still be spared a little while. —_— Accidental Effects. “We can turn even our misfortunes into triumphs. . “That's right,” said the jazz com- poser. “I hit my finger with a tack hammer and had to play the plano just the same. The result was one of the trickiest little syncopations you ever heard.” ‘The Sunshine Poet, Of all the people whom I see, ‘The graybeards or the lads, I think that I would rather be The men who writes the ads. No matter what is going wrong Upon this earthly sphere, He always brings a stalwart song Of hopefulness and cheer. “I admires a patient man,” sald Uncle Eben, *“’ceppin’ when he'd rather sit down an’ be patient dan work.® ESRESGORET U 0 AL, THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON. . C, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 23, 1924 o e e e e b e B s L R R B S D THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. This, the first in a series of reviews of old books, has for its subject the poems of Willlam Cullen Bryant. Some weeks ago In this column ap- peared an estimate of one of the latest books of poems, “The Janitor's Boy,” by Nathalia Crane, eleven- year-old Brooklyn schoolgirl. It is fitting, therefore, that such a serles should begin with a volume completed many years ago—a book of poems that has become so stand- ard that probably very few read it any more. The word “review,” it seems to me, 18 somewhat of a misnomer when applied to a new book, as the word means to view again, to look back on. A review is a second review of a book, meaning by Inference a care- ful_examination. The only books that really can be reviewed, therefore, are the old books, the works one can look back on, the books that have stood the test of time and are still in print after their authors are gone. Reviews of new books are so many —and generally mean so little—that it ought to prove refreshing to re- view some of the old books; to give them a second view, as it were; to recall them to general attention. The so-called “new poetry” made quite a splash a few years ago, but the ripples are slowly subsiding now. As the waves of interest created by Awmy Lowell and the other writers of the so-called ‘“verse libre” tend to flatten out Into thelr proper pro- portion they leave, standing up as formerly, the great poets of old— Tennyson, Keats, Shelley, Longfellow, Pope, Poe and Bryant. In recent years there has grown up a school of criticism composed of men whom T call those to whom the old is crude and unwortly of attention. 1f a thing is old, it is a bromide. If a poet has written a great, simple thing, it 1s “too childish.” 1f a poem has brought tears to the eyes of de- cent, right-thinking men and women, then it is something to be ashamed of. So we have the sneerers in litera- ture, to whom Longfellow's “Psalm of Life” 18 a joke, fit only to be recited by schoolboys, and Tennyson's “Cross- ing the Bar” an elemental lyric, per- haps allowable at a funeral to soothe the distress of the bereaved. Thank heaven, the majority of us do not belong to this nice, critical band! For a time they almost made us ashamed of our own opinions, hurling their skeptic’s ban at every- thing that rhymed. We are bolder now, since we have declded that George F. Babbitt was not such a bad chap, after all, and that Main street could be n great deal worse. Boldy, before all the world, we hold up this valume of 368 pages, labeled “Bryant's Poems.” and declare: “Behold, here some good stuff.” * X X % William Cullen Bryant was one of the heroic figures of American jour- nallsm, the author of some of the greatest blank verse in existence, and writer of two of the finest lyrics in all English poetry. He is generally pictured as an old man with flowing white beard, a cross between Socrates and a Roman sena- tor, when, as a matter of fact, he was a tremendously virile man all his lite, being a lover of the outdoors, as is shown in his poetry. He was one of the original “physi- cal culturists” of America. He com- monly walked several miles to his newspaper office in New York, and often took there @ series of “setting up” exercises. He was no ladylike poet, but a real he-man, as the phrase is—something that ought to be kept in_ mind by his detractors, Take “To a Waterfowl.” might have composed didn’t. Bryant did. Tennyson it—only he Whither, "midst falling_dew, While glow the heavens with the last steps of . Far, through their rosy depth, dost thou pur- sue Thy eolitary way? the sophisticates— | oy TRACEWELL. Vainly the fowler's eye Might_mark thy distant fight to do thee ‘wrong, As, darkly painted on the crimson sk, Thy figure floats slong. Heek'st thou the plashy brink Qfpmeedy ake, or marge of river wids, O whero the rockiog billows rise and sink On the chafed ocean side? There Is a Power whoss ct Teaches thy way along that pathl, The desert and fllimitablo air. Long wandering, but not lost. s coast, Al day thy wings bave fanned, At that far height, the cold thin atmosphere, Yet stoop not, weary, to the welcome land, Though the dark’ night is near. And soon that tofl shail Boon shalt thou find & Summer. And scream smong thy fellows: bend, Soon, Thou'rt gone, the abyss of heaven Hath swallowed " up. thy form; yet, on my Deeply bath sunk the lesson thou bast given, And shall not soon depart. ‘er thy sheitered nest. He who, from sone to zone, Guldes throiglr the boundiess sky thy certain In the 1ong way that I must tread alone Will lead my steps aright. * k% * That I8 the poem sneered at b cause it ““presents the reader with a moral upon & silver platter. Aye, a golden moral on a pure silver platter! If a “free verse” poet had written it he would have painted che flight of the bird, given a “plc- ture” in words and-let it go at that. It would have run something like this: Bird, Where ya going, Ya shrimp? Roseate, like & mew moon, Coming up out the ocean, r Like tha On M cupld-bow mouth. You made a fine target For Bill Jooes And his new .22. But eheer up, old fellow, You are due Along home on the 5:15, Where ya_can hitch up_the old radio set, Tuve in KDKA on your Swampodsne and let Mi aterfow! and tbe kids enjoy Themselves. Maybe that is not exactly fair to the newer poets, who have done some mighty good things, but it is the way I feel about it. There is music in Bryant's version, and he had the abil- ity to paint a picture—and draw a moral, too. Drop these last two stanzas out, you have ruined the poem. ’ Thousands have seen the same thing, marveled at the birds—then forgot about it. Only Bryant, of all of us, did not forget. He put in lyric, singing words the heart of all true religion. There religion. uge is no theology there, just Ky e The other unforgettable lvric by Bryant is “To a Fringed Gentlan,” a pertect thing of its kind, rivaling the musio of Poe. The melancholy Edgar might_have written it—only he did not. Bryant did. The third outstanding plece Is that tour de force written at the age of 16 —the acme of blank verse, “Thanatop- sis” live, that when thy summons comes to joln he infumerable caravan that moves To that myuterious realm, where each shall take His chamber in the silent hall of death, Thou go not, like the quarry-siave at night. Bcourged to 'his dungeon, but, sustalved and sootbed By an uofaitering trust, approach thy grave, Like one who wraps the drapery of bis couch Aronud bim and lies down to pleasant dreams. So wrote the fatalistic young man, but when he got older, and wiser— they do not necessarily go together— he came to the conclusion set forth in his “Waterfowl,” and in his “Gen- tian:" Then doth thy sweef and quiet eye Look through its fringes to the skr, Blue—blue as if that sky let fall A flower from its cerulean wall. I would that thus, when T shall see ‘The hour of death draw near to me, Hope, blossoming within my heart, May 1 look to heaven as I depart. Need for Freedom of Radio Recognized by Most Editors ‘While Secretary Hoover assured the third national radio conference, re- cently held in Washington, that no monopoly in the radio industry would be tolerated, the press notes there was a marked tendency in the confer- ence toward the concentration of ra- dio activity in a few hands. Most ed- {tors agree that some change in pres- ent conditions should be made if the value of radio as a means of educa- tion and entertainment is to progress, yet there is much doubt as to the wisdom of the plan to concentrate the operation In the private super-power broadcasting stations proposed by the conference, Since radio s still in the experi- mental stage, however, and no one knows its potential value, the Boston Transcript suggests “the only way in which to learn Is to give fair consid- eration to all proposals for departures from prevailing practice.” Therefore, says the Transcript, “let the super- power stations be tried out in actual practice and ses what happens,” as “the plan appears to be in keeping with the spirit of co-operation and the ideals of public service which Mr. Hoover urged upon the radio inter- ests, and the scheme is in accord with the President's plea for that which will bring to the fireside larger op- portunity for education and enter- tainment.” That there is need of organizing the radio business under some rule of re- sponsibility is plain to the New York World, which maintains: “Merely upon the technlcal side, thers are not sultable wave lengths enough for all the stations operating, to say noth- ing of future need. Because of this, more than half the class B stations are obliged to divide time. This crowding of the air will not diminish as time goes on. Far more important is the moral responsibility resting upon broadcasters to prevent unfair use or suppression of wireless news. How to avold unfairness, yet defend the use of such an important medium of communication against trifiers and cranks, is plainly too deep a problem for many broadcasters: it is one that some of them do not consplcuously try to solve. Yet solved it must be if the new boon is to be preserved. from Government control, which Mr. Hoo- ver holds to be an evil less than would be arbitrary control by a pri- vate monopoly.” *xox % 4 It was “a rather difficult problem which Secretary Hoover outlined to the radio conference,” in the opinion of the Columbus Dispatch, because “on the one hand, freedom is wanted; on the other, organization—a self-sus. taining system of Interconnection of broadcasting stations, offering the best the Nation has in music and other entertainment as well as informa- tion.” The probability, the Buffalo News fears, is that the proposed system would be developed not in the public intérest but wholly in the In- terest of the eorporation which ad- vances the plan, and that it might operate to create a monopoly. The News feels “no agency should be per- mitted to establish a control which would injure or impair ‘the ' service which the local stations stand ready to provide, but there should e Int ‘connection on & national basis” sad “this should be brought about by free co-operation of the various interested agencies.” “A regularly established system by which every home {n the nation might listen together to one program seems almost one of those things about which there ought to be & law,” remarks the New York Herald-Tribune, which notes that while “the radio confer- ence raised technical questions as to the practicabllity of the proposal, there was a much more devastating question that it failed to raise,” that is, “with such a system in operation we would be faced with the stupefy- ing necessity of finding programs that would be worth telllng to an entire population, and it is at least conceivable that even the American reputation for nerve would fall be- fore the prospect of giving an after- dinner talk to the United States.” Radio suffers now too much from standard programs, thinks the Chi- cago Tribune, which goes on to say: “Radio 18 nationalistic—or continent- al. But its value and its interest will lie In bringing what is unique and fine in San Antonio into the ears of New York. New York needs it. Its value s in developing our native provincialisms and enriching the en- tire country with their sweetness. Radio may be nationalistic, but it should not be made to wear & uni- form.” “In the mechanical side,” the Springfield Republican declares, “the greatest improvement needed s a system by which the average listener can at any time have his pick of at least three programs of different sorts” for “when this can be done without disturbing _interference it should be_possible, by such co-ordi- nation as Mr. Hoover suggests, to co- ordinate the programs in a way to please everybody.” If we stand on our present policy of keeping the air open, the Cleve- land Plain Dealer concludes “super- power distributing stations, as they are created, must be subjected to proper regulation, for left alone they ‘Wwould, by virtue of their size and the resources behind -them, soon momnop- olize the field.” Kissing Is Tabooed By Social Seers It was inevitable that sooner or later the Soviet sclentists would in- vite disaster, They have withstood economic pressure from without, triumphed over starvation, crushed the allied armies of intervention— defled nations and even nature up to now—but at length they face defeat. *No_mot ” goes forth the ukase. - “It's insanitary.” “No more handshaking—it commu- nicates disease”—showing how flithy these Reds must be. ttles it. The epell is broken. are some things In nature that cannot be defeated even by the Soviet. All went well with the Reds of Paris until Robespierre deprived Tallien of his mistress—and the next scene showed Robesplierre -bleeding on atable and.the lady kissing her A kiss killed the Terror:in Paris; < The North Window BY LEILA M _mun Another equestrian statue has been set up In this city, which has already more equestrian statues than any other city in the world. For the most part our cavalcade of fron horsemen are heroes of war, but the latest addition to the rank and fille Is a hero of peace, Francls Asbury, a circuit rider of ploneer days, and the statue by Augustus Lukeman shows the brave man of gentle spirit as he must have ridden from place to place in the sparsely settled new country, carry- g the comforting message of the gospel to those who were facing the austere task of making homes in the wilderness. It {s a fine work, and possesses a singular quietness and nobility of dignity. It should speak for all time to passersby of cour- age and of character, which are quite as essential to success and fine liv- ing in days of peace a8 in times of war. There have been many less monu- ments erected, however, to heroes of peace than heroes of war, partly, per- haps, because the one is unusual and is Invariably associated with the trappings of splendor, whereas the other is an everyday matter and tak- en for granted. But how much easfer, on the whole, it is to perform some one splendid heroic deed under ex- citement than to courageously meet the exigencies of a daily grind and meet them In such wise as to give expression to a high ideal. By all means, let us memorialise our heroes of war and all that such heroism stands for, but let us not forget the heroes of peace who are with us at all times. * Kk K x Desplte our bronze war heroes, we bave a larger number of memorials to the heroes of peace in Washington than in almost any other place. Among the most beautiful of these is the Gallaudet Memorial at Kendall Green, the work of Daniel Chester French. This shows, as many are faware, the great teacher of the deaf seated in an armchair with little Alice Cogswell, one of his first pupils, standing beside him in a trustful, childish attitude, learning the lesson which was to open for her avenues of comradeship and. vistas of oppor- tunity; and not only to her but to many physically handicapped. This monument Is essentially plastic in conception and Is rendered with a refinement of feeling and that Sen- sitiveness of understanding which have characterized Mr. French's works, The McMillan Fountain in McMillan Park.which is much too little known by Washingtonians who live in other sections of the city, is a monument to a hero of peace, Senator McMillan who had a vision of what our Capitai should be, and in spite of oppo- sition and ignorance, brought into being the Burnham Park Commission, which gave back to us the original city plan by L'Enfant, enlarged and beautified. This fountain is the work of Herbert Adams, who llke Mr. French, has a rare talent which he has used well, a sculptor of exquisite taste and skillful touch, whose whole life has been given to the creation of things of beauty, works of art of lasting value, Then we have the status by Charles Henry Niehaus of Hahnemann, who enunciated the principle upon which homeopathy was established. On Connecticut avenue at M and N streets are the statues by Couper of Longfellow and Witherspoon, poet and scholar. In the Smithsonian grounds is a status of Joseph Henry the first secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, a celebrated sclentist. There are effigies of Webster and Franklin in inconspicuous places, neither great works of art, but tokens of public appreciation. * k% % Quite lately a statue by Fraser of Alexander Hamilton—a work which because of its merit Instantly attracts and charms the eve, has been placed on the eouth steps of the Treasury. {This and the Asbury, the Longfellow, jthe Witherspoon and the Gallaudet are all portrait statues, yet in all probability no one iu an accurate | likenessi of the subject; thede heroes of peace left their earthly habitations many years before the sculptors who were to memoralize them set to work. But what does this matter—it s the spirit, the achievement of the man that the public remembers, and it is this which the memorials bring to mind. It is not what a man looks like, but what he s, what he does, that is of consequence, and it is these spiritual qualities which the sculptors have emphasized through the medium of the portrait statue. How interesting it is to conjec- ture who will be numbered among the subsequent additions to the com- pany in bronze occupying our park sites. In what field will they have achieved; what sort of heroes will they be? That which we pass day by ‘day becomes commonplace, vet, unknown, helps to establish stand- ard and to influence character.. * ok ok ok Edward Bok, In an article in one of the magazines some time ago, sald that the younger generation, heedless as it might seem today, would ask before many years, “What did father do?” demanding some- thing in achievement greater than money making. This is the question that every small boy asks about a bronze portrait statue, “What did he do?” And the thought which follows immedlately upon the heels of the reply is, “I would llke to be like him.” Who will select the heroes hence- forth to be memorialized here in our Natlonal Capital? Shall it be left to chance, to public sentiment, to the gift of rich men or grateful people, hence haphazard—who shall say? Fortunately we have in this coun- try now sculptors capable of inter- preting not merely likeness and form, but spiritual quailties more essential to the interpretation of the heroes of peace than the heroes of war. In one instance at least, however, these qualities find expression in a war memorial, the statue of Nathan Hale by MacMonnies in City Hall Square, New York, a tragio figure, but so nobly rendered that the sculptor's ambition that it would stop the passing newsboy and clerk and give them pause for thought is fully realizei—a silent eloquence which all must feel. * Kk o* ok Fortunately, also, we have here in Washington, established and upheld by tho Government, a National Com- mission of Fine Arts, composed of men of the highest standing as pro- fessional architects, sculptors and painters, without the approval of which no public monument can_ be erected in this Caplital City. Thus we are safeguarded against those pitiful blunders in.imperishable ma- terial from which many of our sister cities, even in Europe, suffer, and trom which we have been by mno means free in the past. * ok K K But to return to the memorialization of heroes of peace—what great mon- uments come to mind within this category. First, perhaps, St.-Gaudens’ Deacon Chapin, “The Puritan” in Springfield—that austere embodiment of an idea, a conviction; and then, of very different type, but by the same sculptor, the Phillips Brooks mon- ! ument in Boston, and, away out West, the Mackay Memorial, the figure of the miner, by Borglum. On Fifth avenue, New York, not far from the Metropolitan Museum, {s a memorial to Richard Morris Hunt, the architect; but so far the majority of the archi- tects have had to build their own monuments and are memorialized through their works and but little remembered. ; No great memorial has been erect- od in this country as yet to a dis- tinguished painter, a great artist. Is it that we are ungrateful, slow to ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Q. What was the 1923 rate of In- fant mortality?—T. M. H. A. Within the birth registration area of the U. 8. A. 78 children out of every 1,000 born in 1923 died dur- ing their first year. Q. How much money is expended to maintain military forces neoe sary to support the Zionist regime in Palestine?—T. G. A. The London Athaeneum and Ob- server says that the British tax- payer pays £1,000,000 a year for the upkeep of these forces. Q. How do wages of the crews of our merchant vessels compare with those of other countries?—R. 8. M. A. The average pay of the total crew of an 8,800-ton ship, operated by the United States Shipping Board, is $3,466 monthly, as compared to $1,782.71 for the same vessel of Great Britain; Norway, $1,100.14; Holland, $1,623.63; Sweden, $1,820.59, and France, $1,318.85. The monthly pay of an able seaman ranges from $18.78 In Japan to $62.50 in the United States. Q. What was the first inclosed fleld used for a base ball game?—F. G. 1. A. The first was the Unlon Grounds, at Brooklyn, N. Y. It was opened May 15, 1862. Q. Where {s the wettest spot on earth?—G. E. D. A. Meteorologists differ as to the location of the wettest spot. The record of Cherrapunjl, in the Khasl Hills of Assam, India, annual normal rainfall of 424 inches, is challenged by Lawrence Hite Daingerfield, United States Weather Bureau, of Honolulu, who claims for the summit of a mountain crest, Mount Walaleale, on the Island of Kaui, a record for 11 years of an annual rainfall of 455 inches. Q. What was the first Institution of higher learning west of the Alle- ghenles?—H. S. A. Washington College, at Wash- ington College, Tenn.,, was the first. Q. In the Hawallan Islands are there any high waterfalls>—G. V. R. A. On all of the five large islands there are waterfalls. More than 100 exceed 500 feet in helght. Probably 1,000 are higher than Nlagara. Q. Is the Taj Mahal an Indian style of architecture? By whom was it planned?—J. K. R. A. The Taj Mahal was planned by Ustad 1sa, a Persian, and is Persian architecture rather than Indlan. It is of white marble outside and jew- eled mosaic Inside. Q. Where is the Statue of Washing- ton by John Quincy Adams Ward and what inscription does it bear’— M E. W. A. The statue is on Wall Street, ew York City. The inscription is n this site, in Federal Hall, April 30, 1789, George Washington took the oath @s the first President of the United States of America.” Q. Who was the first person to drive a Ford across the continent?— W. W. F. A In 1903, when the Ford Motor Company was organized, Frank Ku- lick, famous racing driver of those days, drove the first model T from New York to San Francisco., The ten millionth model T has just completed a transcontinental run over the Lin- coln Highway In the hands of the same driver. Q. To decide a debate will you tell me what was the couplet for the let- ter “J” in the original New England Primer?—N. E. P. B A. Originally the couplet ran “Sweet Jesus, he died on the tree" accompanied by the picture of a cross. Objection was made to the repre- sentation of the cross and the later editions carried the couplet “Job feels the rod, Yet blesses God.” Q. Why are so many people married in June?—J. J. D. A. In the time of anclent Rome, Juno, the wife of Jupiter, was the patroness of happy marriages. May, named for the Goddess Mala, was considered unpro- pitious, while March was named for Mars, the god of war, and would there- fore be a poor time to marry, since family disputes might follow. Q. What is the difference between a metal and & mineral? Is salt a mineral and pure gold a metal>—M. A A The Geological Survey says that all metals are minerals, but all minerals are not metals. Minerals are of two kinds, metallic and non-metallic. Gold ie & metallio mineral and salt is & non- metallic mineral. Q. Do the weevils In cereals, flour and oatmeal develop into moths which destroy clothing?—E. P. B. A. The Bureau of Blological Survey says that cereal weevils do not develop into clothes moths. Q. What time is it by land time at “eight bells"?>—E. B. L. A. On shipboard “bells” mark the half-hour. Four, eight and twelve o'clock are marked by eight bells; 4:30, 8:30 and 12:30 by one bell; 1, 5 and 9 two bells and so on until eight bells, which marks the end of the ordinary watch, Q. Does L ares A An examination of concrete stlos that have stood for years shows that silage does not injure concrete. Silags Juice is less than one-tenth as strong as Vinega silage hurt concrete?—T. Q. Do Catholics outnumber Protes- tants in Ireland to any great extent? —H. A. A. The latest avallable statistics show that nearly three-fourths of tin population of "Ireland is of t Catholic faith. Q. What diseases are supposed to follow an absence of vitamines in fo0d?—F. T. P. A. Scurvy, pellagra and beriber are three of the recognized diseases that are directly traceable to a lac of sufficlent vitamines in food. Food that are particularly rich in vitamines are fresh milk, butter, fresh fruit Juices, yolks of eggs, meat juice, cereals ~and such vegetables &~ potatoes, spinach, onlons, peas, cab =~ bage, green corn, caulifiower, carrots’ and lettuce. Q. What are the tests that can e made to prove that death has oy curred?—M. A. T. A. Richardson summarizes the morer important tests of death as: Absena: of the pulsation of the heart; absence of the respiratory murmur; pressu of velns (fillet test); electric test for muscular irritability; the ammor hypodermic test; coagulation of t blood in the veins; rigor mortis; decomposition. Q meteors and shooting stars? becomes of them?—H. J. N. A. According to the late Prof. Newton there is no definite line of distinction between meteors and shooting stars. If a meteor passe completely through the atmosphere and reaches the surface of the earth it then becomes known as a meteorite. Particles of matter thought to have their origin in disintegrated comets and moving round the sun in orbits of their own, are known as meteor: The energy of their motion is sud denly converted into heat on impact with the atmosphere. As a general rule, thiy speedily vaporizes their entire substance, the exterior being brushed off by the air as soon as melted, often leaving a visible trafl in the sky. Few, if any meteors, appear at a greater height than 100 miles, and few below 30 miles. Q. Why is 2 man who s given « year's sentence, sentenced for “a year and a day?"—Q. C. A. Thp Department of Justice say. that ther: is no Federal statute mak- ing it compulsory to give a sentence of a year and a day. This was the time fixed by anclent law to which certain actions were limited. A stray horse or other animal had to be claimed within this period or it be- came the property of the lord of the manor. A person wounded had to die within this period in order to make a person inflicting the wound Is there a difference between What gullty of murder. Q. Am a resident of North Beach, Md., and have the right to vote When can 1 register at Owings, Md., and if registered there, can I vote 11 the coming election?—@. C. S. A. October 7 is the last day for registration. If registered you can vote on November 4, 1924. (Inform and entertain_yourself by making constant use of The Star In- formation Bureau, Frederio J. Haskin, director, Twenty-first and C streats northoest. There is a wealth of informa- tion at the command of Star readers. There is mo charge for service except o two-cent stamp, which showld be in- closed for direct reply.) WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE There s nothing new under the sun. Seventeen years before Robert M. La Follette was born, Daniel Web- ster, speaking in the United States Senate in 1838, sald: “There are persons who constantly clamor against this state of things. They call it aristocracy. They excite the poor to make war upon the rich, while in truth they know not who are either rich or poor. They com- plain of oppression, speculation and the perniclous influence of accumu- lated wealth. They cry out loudly sgainst all banks and corporations and all the means by which small capitals become united in order to produce important and beneficial re- sults. They carry on 2 mad hostility against all established institutions. They would choke up all l:hc"::xnn.- ¢ industry and dry all st 4 i % country’ of unbounded liberty they clamor against oppression. In a country of perfect equality they would move Heaven and earth against privilege and monopoly. In a coun- try where property {s more equally divided than anywhere else, they rend the air with the shouting of agrarian doctrines. In a country where the wages of labor are high beyond all parallel, and where lands are cheap, and the means of living low, they would teach the laborer that he is but an oppressed slave. Sir, what can such men want? What do they mean? They can want nothing, sir, but to enjoy the fruits of other men's labo! L It “Al* Smith is re-elected Goveror of New York next month, he wiil im- mediately begin laying his plans to run against James W. Wadsworth, jr., for the United States Senate in 1926. Permanently debarred from the presi- dential nomination, as his friends be- lleve him to be, Gov. Smith now is content to play a part on the Na- tional stage from the vantage-ground of Congress. Presumably the pledge of the Democratic organization that it would support “Al's” senatorial aspirations two years hence was the influence that finally induced him to run for governor again. He turned down a $100,000-a-year corporation job in order to do so. 2 * k X 3k President Coolldge is not likely to journey to Northampton, Mass., to Vote. The sensible reason advanced at the White House {s that our Presi- dents cannot travel except with a large suite and with the attendant expense involved. If Mr. Coolidge went home to cast his ballot, his private-car outlay would be in the neighborhood of $2,000. He can vote by mail for 3 cents. The President of the United States, in addition to his salary of $75,000, receives a trav- his salary ot 3 e owledge our debt? Who. could ::::m l.t.‘l‘nn 2 Visualizing the pos- sibility, we see a child pointing and asking, “What did he do?’ and the snswer, “Made the world a more beautiful place in which to lve. £y eling allowance of $25,000 a year. The allowance is given him whether he spends it or not and he is required to give no accounting. If he does not spend 1t, or all of it, his White House income is correspondingly in- creased, ok ok K One of the merriest quips of campalgn has been evoked by Mr. McAdoo's manifesto indorsing M. Davis' candidacy for the presidenc The quip is to the effect that the former Secretary of the Treasury has “praised Mr. Davis with faint damn=s."” £ % i Three young Cambridge University men who debated modern democracy with the debating team of George Washington University this week did yeoman service in acquitting English- men of their reputation for lack of humor. They were inexpressibly more nimble-witted than their Amer- fcan antagonists. Their wit, irony, sarcasm and generally subtle shafts seemed, indeed, to daze the Washing- tonlans, who, by comparison, were heavy-footed and ponderous. The locals suffered under the disadvan- tage of competing against men who had already debated the same sub- Ject before eight or ten other Ameri- can universities. But, apart from that, the Englishmen unmistakably had the edge. They delivered their deadliest blows with raplers. Our young fellows fought with bludgeons. * K ok K Walter Lippman, the youthful editor of the New York World, was a caller at the White House this week and shook hands with Mr. Coolidge. The interview betwesn the Republican presidential candidate and his hard- est-hitting journalistic foe was brief and uneventful. Mr. Coolidge is un- derstood to have confined his interest in his distinguished visitor to seeking his opinion of business conditions on Manhattan Island. Lippman became editor of the leading Democratic or- gan in the country a year ago, be- fore he was 34 years old. A Harvard man, he was a protege of Col. House during the Wilson administra- tion and served as one of the colonel's assistants in organizing the American peace mission to Paris. His friends think Lippman brilliantly qualified to carry on the work of “Cobb, of the World.” th M * x bk If Congress creates a Department of Education and it falls to the pres- ent administration’s lot next year to appoint the first cabinet minister to take charge of it, 2 woman is said to be slated for the portfolio.s The Republican woman politiican with the best chance of being America’s first “Mrs. Secretary” is Mrs. Charles H. Sabin of New York. SWe has “cab- inet blood” in her veins, being the daughter of the late Paul Morion, Becretary of the Navy in the Roose- velt Cabinet, and the granddaughter ot J. Sterling Morton, Secretary of Agriculture under Grover Cleveland. P (Copsrights 10340