Evening Star Newspaper, October 5, 1924, Page 43

EVERYDAY RELIGION By RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D., Bishop of GUARDING OUR INHERITANCE. “One generation shall declare thy works unto another. 6 OD'S providence is mine in- 7 heritance,” this is the legend inscribed on one of the old timbered buildings in Chester, Eng- is very suggestive of which all unconsciously we teceive from the past. “I am a part of all that 1 have met” say: some one. Botter might he have said, “I am a part of all that | have never met.” We of America, perhaps more than the peoples of the older countries of Furope, think much of the present and the future and little of the past This is one of the characteristics of routh. Recently 1 preached in a ‘hurch that was built nearly a hun- dred years before this Nation was born. It gave one a quickened sen-e of that period.of chivalry, privation and heroism that ushered in the birth of a nation. 1t compeliled re nd. It flection and provoked a spirit of deep | reverence for votion of thos, men, in whose republic was and de- rated ds the the lovalty simple, conse hearts and n born Troditions, Despite Youth. We are vouns nations we are not so voung s to he in richne of cxperience cumulative strength of a splendid and glow tradition. of which we may be justly proud. The chief value of Tetrospect is that it discloses the processes of our growth and deveiop- ment. 1t makes clear the logic of events, the place and importance of character in the fashioning of a na- tion's ideals, and greatest of all in its significance, the evidence divine leading through crises that were fraught with perils and d asters “;od’s providence ance,” this ix writ large paratively brief story In an age that is mercu ~ ever hasteninz on enture, that thirsts for and varied, that ceases amazed at inventions and discoveries that border on the miraculous. it well that we take counsel of the pa<t we hurry on to the future. S a modern prophet. “there is something after all in lineage. in estry. in tnheritance. All the past belonzs to s, and what we are we in no small measure to it A distinguished modern student of history wrote a brilliant hook. en- titled. “Foundations of the Nineteenth Century and in it he traced the de- velopment of our present civiliza n to ecertain outstanding movements and personalities through somethinz over 2000 vea or more of time True, he discloses the many changes that have taken place. but as he traces consistently the develop- ment of the race he the well detined causes that effected it Just now it is well to understand clearly the mighty part the life and teachings of Jesus have played in this development Imperfectly realized. risunderstoo and practiced as his and teachings may have been, rand inadequate as the expres- 1 of these.may be in our life to- dav. mevertheless there they are Woven into the very warp and woof of our history as people. Whether we will, or not. reckon with of Galilee, © must, As Dr. sdick strikingly says. "Once our civilization turned the ce and ran into Jesus oi Nuzare It has never been the sume since” Our creeds may iradequately express what we believe concerning Him, our social and in- dustrial systems may miserably ex- cmplify His of lJife, but there Ko stana mosttitanic figure pon the of history. and no reading of history. no contemplation of present needs possibilitics can leave Him out of the reckoning. The influence He has ex- as go. but lacking or the our inherit- in the com- this Nation footed, that some new something be is to is ¥s discovers ner the horizorns Similarity Appears Between Campaigns of 1924 and 1800 (Continued from First Page.) sumptious assumption of Minister from Francs that Americans went themselves “citizen” instead of “Mr. " and spme zoing far to marry their daughters off under the foolish title of aping the practice of the French communists. The poizon then injected into the minds of half the voters in America did not disap- pear with the downfall of republican Irance. 1t makes one shudder in these after vears to learn how near the French radicalism of 1793 to 1795 came to embroiling our Nation in war with England as an ally of France and how desperately near we came to being an appendage of France in our own Northwest instead of an inde- pendent Nation In the political bargaining which preceded the casting of the vote of the House for Jefferson, the Virginian promised to preserve the Army and the Navy, to maintain the eredit and not to remove the holders in the departments, recently come from distant Washington at great expense would be left bankrupt if they their jobs Jeffernon Changes Poli But Jefferson. seeking votes Federalist representatives in authority as It was then ild. calling office who had homes to and President delivered In his 15 days inaugural address, later, ers throughout the country, largely repudiated h Jefferson promises to “Chestnut Hunting” Days Are Gone “Where are the chestnuts of yester- vears?" we find oursclves asking these days when the sharp tang of early Autumn reminds us of the long- associated smell of roasting chestnuts at the street corners, so dear to the heart of city folk. especially in northeastern States. For the last few years there has been a difference—in the chestnuts. The street vendors are still occasionally seen with their smoky, fragrant char- coal stoves, but the chestnuts they purvey are scarcely ever the little native fellows of toothsome memory that recalled hunts in the wood brushing away with a forked stick the ieaves that had fallen over the nuts as they burst from the burr. We now Paper May Be Made From Waste Plans to oupply all the paper re- quirements of the United States with- out cutting any timber primarily for this purpose, but by simply using e surplus materials from lumber wwnufacture, are now under way through a proposed integration of the pulp and paper industry with the lumber industry. Startling facts regarding the waste of valuable pa- per pulp material are disclosed in a survey just made looking to eco- nomic and efficient conservation of the timber resources in order that the pulp and paper supply may not be wiped out. It i shown that more timber is used In the United States for fuel that | of | incidents, | the Man | forceast of future | public | i lost | from | the | House. presented a different front as | after great | jubilation on the part of his follow- ' the | Washington. 4 | ercised over the thought and habit of those men and womem who have made and preserved us a nation is onspicuously evident in the most | cursory study of their lives. Our in- | Leritance as @ people has the God | element distinctly evident in it all. Need Knowkidze of Backgre Somctimes In the swiftly chang- ng currents of our modern life we eem to forget this and we seek to et forward our interests as individ- nals or as a people without giving due consideration tc the most out- standing fact in our history. “They {build too low who build beneath the | tars” said the sage of Concord—- ves, they build too insecurely who | build without the sense of obliga- | tion to Him whose hand has guided us in the past. What our children need more than all else today is a thorough knowledge of the back- rounds of our life. They are. in the main, without any adequate |knowledge of what have constituted the zenesis and inspiration and con- finuing power of our country’s mar- clous history. They are being told tho much of thi present. too little of the past. They are given stand- ards of value that have to do largely with our material wealth and devel- ‘pment s is interpreted to them of money and so- alled What ideals. of in- dividual and corporate responsibility do they have have secularized ! our educatienl systems: we have dis- carded the Bible even as the master- | riece of literiture. The hernisms and Sacrifices wen who fearcd God nd took their own part are quite neglected and forzotten. Our whole Purpose scems (o be to turn out so many pieces of Luman machinery, parts that may be fitted into the vast #nd complex mechanism of our in- dustrial and commerelal age. This process can have but one i< sue an lssue the folly of which his- Succe! in terms eflicienc | ple ITH the biggest national radio conference ever held anywhere in the world opening here tomorrow, it is an appropriate time to consider William D. Terrell, who for more than 12 years has headed-up all of Uncle Sam's regulation and con- trol of radio communication. Herbert Hoover has been called “the radio trafic cop.” If he is the figure representing the Federal au- thority In the air and the efforts of Government to keep the aerial lines of communication open for service, then Mr. Terrell must be considered @5 linison officer and chicf co-ordi- nator, the court of appeals and gen- eral Mr. Fix-it for the many and varied interests that must be recon- ¢iled and brought into co-operation S0 that the “radio trafic cop” may guide aerial messages with real au- thority. As in every other branch of the Government, all authorfty comes up | trom the people, and Mr. Terrell has been amuzingly successful in getting 100 per cent co-operation for consci- | encious service in the interests of the | public, from the varied and often-| times antagonistic groups particu- larly interested in radio communica- tion. It is safe to say that no other, law enforcing service has so many | divense intercsts and so many peo-| affected with o few violations of ihe law and still fewer penalties imposed. Bird's take a He dgirects service | ye View of Job. | bird's-eye view of | his job all the work of | the radio f the Bureau of Navigation, Department of Commeree, | which was organized on July 1, 1911, with two inspectors, one of whom (Mr. Terrell) was asigned to the At- luntic Coast and the other to the Pa- cific Coust. The service has grown wondertully, so that now it is di- ded into nine districts with 60 em- ployes in the field force and 17 in the Let us tory itself rocords. There s cconomic value in the right kind cducation; there is training in civie and religious virtues that. neg- lected by home. church and school ir disorder. disaster and, ulti <hac Fathers and mothers ro indifferent 1o their obliga- tions and respon<ibilities concerning these things are all untonsciously breuking down the morale of the Na- tion and hastening the day of di solution and disintegration. an of 2 a Solemn Warnings From Cou Solemn warnings have proceeded of late from the courts of our land con- cerning the @ravity of the situation, and an abundance of incontrovertibie evidence is available that indicates | the relation that increasing juvenile erime and moral delinquency bears to the ixnored and abandoned sanc- tities of life. "Any Dropuganda that proceeds from nutive or alien sources that treats with disrespect and con- tempt those concepts of life that in- here in our svstems and institutions be treated treasonable. o attack the moral and religious stand- ards of a people means to undermine their security and to render them vulnerable to those insidious in- fluences that ultimately destroy them Neither man power nor money Kower can save a nation whose moral and spiritual ideals are weakened andl debased. More important is it that we 100k to the safeguarding of assaults made from within upon our inheritance than that we xet up sys- tems of defense to protect us trom evils from without. Qur first line of defense is our Integrity as a people, our fidelity to our tried and tested standards. the conservation of those things that constitute the foundations of our character and the security of {our estate. A fresh and conspicuous recognition of our dependence upon | God and obedicnce to His wiil is the | supremest need today. | (Capyright, 19; must as | the Federalists, policy of his careful ernments He announced the | administration to be fostering of the State gov- restoration of the powers of the Federal Government to the | lowest constitutional lim imme- | diate payment of the public debt. re- duction of the Army and Navy and the paring of impoSts to the lowest available point.” "Here was born the| doctrine of low tariffs, direct taxes for | Federal expenditures, which in all the vears since Jefferson have peen ac- counted by most Americans as the economic folly of our political sys- tem. When the first tariff was framed }in @ Congress controlled by Jefferson and his party the idea was freely ad- vanced in the debates that it was well (o cut off the Federal revenues 50 as to weaken and keep down the power and aggression of the Federal | Government. It was nearly 70 years | before the United States got back to the national ideals worked out by George Washington and Alexander Hamiiton. By that time the Repub- | lican reactions of 1800 had been washed away in the baptism of Clv War, and the railroad and telegraph had molded our people into « homoe- geneous “whole instead of a beaded chain of States jealous of sovereignty and envious of the rights and author- ity of the national Government. It remains to be seen whether his- tory may reneat and the choice of | President and Vice President will be thrown into the houses of Congress | this vear. In the light of what befell | in 1800 such a fate of the ballots in ovember surely is not to be desired |BCt instead the big “ltalian” | which has an inferior fiavor. At Uncle Sam's Forestry Bureau the variety, reason for the change has been made known. Twenty vears ago in Bronx Park, New Yprk City, an outbreak of chestnut blight was discovered, and no |one has vet found a way to stop the | blight, which has since spread through | southern New England, New Jersey, Pennsylvania. Maryland, Virginia, the Carolinas and on down into Georgia. i Uncle Sam's experts in forestry, after making a careful study, are advising chestnut timber owners that there will {be a terrible destruction of chestnut | timber by this blight in the next ten |years, and that they should sell their | timber as soon as a market can be | found. than in lumber manufacturing; that fence posts consume twice as much wood as pulp and paper making, and mine timbers half as much. Although the paper makers consume only 3.39 per cent af the annual timber cut of the country, they suffer from a practical shortage- of. pulpwood and import large quantities. Correlation of the lumber and pulp industries in many parts of the | United States is considered.“the ideal arrangement.” Under proper forest management, such as prevails in $weden, the report calculates that the United States should be able to produce perpetually 26,000,000 cords of pulpwood as an incident of lumber production, | has | since { tion 1o thix all jhave orderly sary {sary | State, authorizes the complete separa- | tion of |in accordance with the wishes of the | | jurisdiction Washington office Mi. Teriell's t visor of radio. © when it was organ been In charge tle is “chief super- He entered the serv- zed in 1911, and of the division Marcn 1, 1915, when he was trunsferred from New York. where hi» headquarters had been as Atlantic mspector. He has been w mem- the Institute of Radio Engi since 1912, soon after its or- ber of neers ganization. The work he directs embraces the | inspection and licensing of 17,034 commeicial and private radio trans- mitting staticns in the United States, Alaska, and Porto Rico and 2,741 ship stations, and the examina- tion and licensing of all the operators employed in these stations. In addi- foreign vessels enter- | ing our poits with 50 or more persons | on board must ke inspected. | During the last fiscal vear 10.437| American and foreign ships clearing | from United States ports were in- spected by Mr. Terrell's force. Last year the inspection force visited 355 | different cities in the United States. | Of course, the broadcasting service | is the one particular branch of radio communication in which the public | generally ‘s most interested. This | service was established in the Fall of 1921. and there are now 542 broad- casting stations—at least one in every | State in the Union and in some States | many stations, as well ay in Alaska, Hawaii and Porto Rico. This service | features all kinds of entertainment— | musical, educational, sermons, big | news events like a national political convention, a world championship | base ball game, etc. crop, weather, | live stock and other reports of value | to agricultural interests. and. in fact,| whatever service the public is most| interested in. | Work Fall of Problems. There are many complicatiors and problems in the work that Mr. Terrell is directing so that the people may radio service that the public knows little or nothing about. In licensing a land station it is neces- to assign a wave length which | | | | | RY W. BUNN, a bricf sum- important 1d for the October 4 HE following mary of the most news of the seven days ended Ireland—The reader minded of the following facts: Article XII of the London treaty | of 1821, which created the Irish Free | is re- Ulster from the Irish Free State on condition that a commission to consist of one member to be the Ulster government, and one, the chairman, to be appointed by the British government, “shall determine inhabitants, so far as mdy be com- patible with economic and geographic condition the boundar. between Ulster and the Free State. * Ulster separated herself, (or to be moré exact, took “judicial notice” of the existing fact of paration) but has refused to accept the condition- ing clause. and has declined to ap- point a boundary commissioner. The Belfast government takes its stand on the government of Ire- land act of 1920, which unconditionally assigned to Ulster the six northern counties, and declares that, the ter- ritorial limits of Ulster having thus been determined, no change thereof muy be made without Ulster’'s con- sent Some weeks the British government referred to a Jjudicial committee of its appointment the ques- tion whether the boundary commi sfon, lacking a member appointed by the Ulster government, would have in the premises, and other kindred guestions. The com- mittec decided that for a boundary commission to perform the functions contemplated by the London treaty without an Ulster member, enabling legislation by the Westminster Parlia- ment would be necessary. On August 6 the British govern- ment introduced a bill in the Commons providing that, “subject to confirmation of an agreement by the British parliament and the Dali. the Northern Irish government's power to uppoint a commission -shall be transferred to and exercised by the British Parliament and the Dail, the pose of Article XII, of the treaty any commissioner so appointed shall be deemed to be a -commissioner ap- pointed by the Northern Irish gov- ernment.” On September 30, the Westminster Parliament assembled in special =ses- sion to pass on the bill just citéd. Outside Ulster there is a pretty complete consensus of oplnion that in a strictly legal view the ,Free State government is justified in de- manding that the conditioning clause of Article XII of the London treaty be put in operation, that in a strictly legal view the British government is obligated to do everything in its power toward that end. and that in a strictly legal view Parliament is obligated to provide legistation, however coercive, necessary to give effect to that clause. As Ulster is represented in the Westminster Par- liament, it would seem that ratifica- tion of the London treaty by that Parliament legally bound Ulster. So, convinced ‘as to the legal aspects of the question, on ©ctober 2 the commons passed the govern- ment’s bill by 251 to 99. But most reluctantly. Were it proposed, purely | nemot LIAM D, TERR will not conflict with some other sta- tion. determine the power used. to estimate the transmitting range. to give distinctive call letters for identi- fication and many other particulars Many letters are received by the bureau suggesting’ changes in wave lengths. These writers do not real- ize how difficult it is to provide nor.- terfering channels for nearly 20.- 000 stations. Provision must be made for the amateurs. confined below 200 meters: for broadcasting stations, class A, from 222 to 256 meters; clas B. 288 to 300 meters and 300 to 516 meters; class . 360 meters; ships 600, 706, 800, 1,800 and 2,000 to 2500 meters; point to point. some below 200 meters and some between 1. and 2.000 meters: technical ana truining school stations, below meters: universities, experimental work having variable wave lengths depending upon the type of develoy ment carried on: radio beacons with 1.000 meters. marine phone: trans- oceania, 9,000 to 25.000 meters. In addition to these classes provision must be made for several hundred Government land and ship stations. And this is not all. for Mr. ‘Ferreil must see that the consideration not anly to our neigh- bors, like Canada and Mcxico. butl to other countries where interierence may be experienced Mr. Terrell receives many sugges tions concerning the assignment call letters. Call letters are assigned to cach country by the radiotelegraphic bureau at Bern. Switzerland. The United States has been awarded combinations beginning n cquitable measure all considerations of 1 gation or expediency. to compel Ulster to accept arbitration on her boundary. it is pretty certain that a pronosal would be defeated. established that' the British negotiators of the London treaty did not contemplate boundary changes that should seriously of Ulster or seriously affect her economic status; or can it be supposed of the Irish negotiators that they deliberately ‘inserted into a treaty purporting to be peculiarly of pacifist intention a proviso packed with lead fulminate. It seems obvious that the famous proviso was un- derstood by both parties to the tion to contemplate a bound- ary “rectification” in the usual technical sense of that term-—an af- fuir of give and take, with little advantage on the balance to either the Free State or Ulster. The notion that obtained currency in the Free State immediately after signature of the treaty, that the proviso insured award to the Free State of the borough of Derry and the greater part of the counties of Tyrone and Fermanagh (so insuring also the economic ruin of Ulster) was of later and illegitimate birth. But it was a lovely child: and when the Irish Republicans loudly asserted its legiti- macy, the Free State champions dared not flatly deny it. Of course, Sir ames Craig became alarmed for what a boundary commission might do and got his back up. where it has remained. There of course. danger nasty “blow-up” over the business. How may it be averted? The Brit- ish government still hopes again hope for a last-minute settlement. “out of court” hetween the Ulster and Free State governments. Fail- ing that, there is hope of Ulster keeping cool pending an award by the boundary commission consti- tuted pursuant to the new act, and of the commission rendering award ac- cording to the intention of the Lon- don treaty (as 1 have interpreted it). Fine, as regards Ulster. But what of the elfect of such an award in the Free State, where such high expecta- tions of the award have been aroused? Fall of the government, fat in the fire, heaven help us all! But I have been assuming the bill enacted, whereas it has not yet got by ‘the lords. I think it safe, how ever, to assume that the lords will not dare to throw it out, much as they would probably like to do <o. They Wwould throw it out only at peril of the very existence of their order. g The above are a few thoughts on what is easily the most vivid ques- tion of the hour. . Fixx France—The French budget for 1925 exhibits a genuine balance; the first since 10 years. The so-called “extraor- dinary” budget. showing sums ‘“re- coverable” from Germany which were not in fact recoverable, has been dis- carded. Campaigning for the pre- miership, M. Herriot promised to’drop M. Poincare's recent tax increases, to boost the maluries of state employes to the total tune-of 3,000,000,000 paper francs, and without new taxes or in- crease~of old rates, to balance the budget; a promise obviously impos- sible of fulfiliment. ‘What hus happenecd is this. The divorced obli- from of a 00 | United States gives | ot | international | curtail the ter- ! with K. N and W. Calls beginning with N are used by our Navy and a few other stations owned by the Gov- ernment. As a rule. land stations in the eastern part of the United States have calls beginning with W, and K is used in the West. Ships use K jand W i can, Before the topened ships on |#nd those on the Pacinc usea W, {but the canal. providing convenient passage from one ocean to the other. | upset this plan. Al { begin with the numeral representing |the district_in which the station is | situated. Was| on being 1n the third district, our local I have calls beginning with ure followed by two |letters C [ The, most | for Amateurs. anama Canal was the three under is the important work administration ship stations. Safety of life at depends largely upon the efliciency of the radio installa- {tion. The inspector must examine and test the entire installation. He must determine if the power from the ship and uxiliary storage battery is dependable. He must take voltage and specific EFavily readings of the battery. measure the antenna leurrent. determine if the antenna 18 radiating properly. measure the wave lergths and decrement of the trans- mitter, ascertain if satistactory sig- nals can be obtained through the re- ceiver. test the telephone circuit be- tween the radio room and the bridge, ascertain if the operators are prop- erly licensed, if s are pro- Mr. Terrell's inspection of [ " half bil- dget paper thirty-two and a francs (about one billic lion eight hundred million dollars) as|p of | ernments against the twenty-nine billions the previous hudget, The item for increase tate employes n hundred mil- i lions only Poincare’s tax increase are reta moreover there are It new taxes and further increase: | of oid rates. There is to be rigid en- | forcement of taxes hitherto but in- | differently enforced. ince, even with Poinecdre’s in- creases, the revenues for 1924 will be | short of the estima - by two billion francs, about six billion francs must be collected in 1925 yre than the total of receipts in 19 “The new budget,” says Finance Minister Clem- entel, “marks the end of the policy of raising loans to meet normal charges. There must be in future no special appeals to the national thrift except for consolidation of the floating deit or completion of restoration of the devastatad region.” The floating debt of . short-term loans which it is proposed to consoli- date, amounts to about sixtyv-four billion paper franes. * %o of . pay is s * Arabin—It is rumored that the Wah- | habis, those fanatic tribesmen of Nejd in_the interior of Arabia have captured Sacred Mecca. One 'hears that they are backed by the Indian Moslem League and the Lgyptian Na- tionalist committes The Wahhabi empire reached | zenith early in the nineteenth cen- tury. In 1801 a Wahhabi atmy cap- tured Mecca and destroyed the tombs of the Saints there, and all objects savoring of idolatry. In 1810, they desecrated the tomb of Mahomet and removed it treasures. It was this act that caused the. then reigning Sultan to call on Mehemet Ali, Pasha of Egypt. to invade Arabia and crush the Wahhabi power. He complied and accomplished his task, destroying the Wahhabl empire, which had come to include most of Arabia, and compel- ling the Wahhabis .to retire to the Nejd ousis. Now, it seems, the Wah- habis are like to recover the lost em- pire. If they do. twill be hard on the more lazy going Arabs. According to a dispatch just ar- rived from Cairo (to be received with caution) King Hussein of Hejaz, who calls himself Caliph of Islam, has ab- dicated the throne of Hejaz. If this is true it is fairly certain that he will abdicate the Caliphate, his pre- its found general favor in the world of Islam. According to the Cairo dis- patch, the Wahhabis have not occu- pied Mecca. EREE United State of America—The world flight was officially .completed on the arrival of our flyers at Seattle on September 28. The official start was made from Seattle on April 6. Twenty- seven hops were made, an average of 483 ‘miles to cach. The fiying time was 15 days six hours. There are, over 300,000 men and women out of employment in. New York City, the worst condition since the Fall of 1921. 2 On September 27. Robert T. Jones of Atlanta, Ga., aged 22, won the, na- tional amateur golf championship, beating Mr. von Elm of Los Angeles, 9 up and 8 to play. Atlantic used K | amateur calls | amateurs | the fg- | to | i | of tensions to which do not seem to have | vided to make emergency repairs at sea. And while doing this he must listen in to make suré his tests of the transmitter are not interfering with an SOS message or urgent traffic. Numerous complaints come to Mr. Terrell of interference, and each must not only be answered but must, If possible, have personal attention. Often the writer does not state, or does not know, the source of inter- ference, which may be one of many things, such as some other station, leaky high-power transmission line, X-ray or violet-ray machine, precipi- tation plant, trolley line, electric sign, Delco plant, teiephone magneto and such electrical devices. Terrell and his gang must see that life is not jeopardized by an incom- petent operator on shipboard. Li- censes are not granted to operate such a station until the applicant has passed a difficult code test and demonstrated his. knowledge and abllity to satisfactorily perform the service and can safely be intrusted with this grave responsibility. On a monument in Battery Park, New York, is proof of the high re- gard in which this service is held. It bears the names of many commer- cial radio operators whose lives were lost when their ships went down. The spirit behind ail the work of radio regulation, which Mr. Terrell heads-up, & ne’ of ° helpfulness—not to enforce the law by imposing penal- ties wherever and whenever a viola- tion is ferreted out. but to educate all those using this newest means of communication, and especially the of- fenders, and to let all interests fecl that the Federal Government is try- ing to help them. The fleld force is constantly engaged in trying to help a man adjust his station and do what- ever is necessary (o comply with the law—but, then, if the man persists the penalty has to be imposed. The inspectors, in carrying out this policy of co-operation, have to know their district thoroughly, get around among the people. give talks and impress upon the radio public in their field to attitude and opinions of the Fed- eral department. Selection on Merit. This man Terrell was selected for his job on account of well-proved fitness and especial qualification. His first service in electrical work wa with the Postal Telegraph Co.. where he held various positions as traffic chief and wire chief. Later he was with the American Can Co., York in charge of its leased-wire system. Later he worked for the Treasury Department, in the ew York Customs House, from 1903 to July 1, 1911 He was in charge of ths wire service between New York and Washington. From July 1. 1911, to March, 1915 the radio service of the Department of Commerce in New York nd on March 1, 1915, became chief super- visor of radio in charge of the Fed- eral headquarters in Washington In preparation for and in carrying through the program of this third national radio conference, which cpeng here tomorrow at the Depart- ment of Commerce, Mr. Terrell has taken a part the importance of. which few persons appreciate at this time. A great many new problems are com- ing up, and representatives of all the radio interests in the country are to attend. This includes the owners of broadcasting stations, manufacturers, dealers, listeners-in, representatives |'of radio publications, marine service, point-to-point service, transoceanic | service, educational institutions, ama- teurs, engineering societies, ment stores and others. Heretofore conferences have been devoted entirely to the subject radio broadcast Now considera- tion will be given to the general sub- ject of allocations of wave lengths to all classes of radio service; general problems of radio broadcasting, ama- teur problems, interference problems. interconnection and such other im- portant subjects as' may be intro- dueed. depart- The Lenzue Assembly —On Uctober the League assembly’ unanimou: ed a resolution urgirz all gov- to ratity the protocol t of ‘Which its labors devoted; of- protocol for the were ficially preparation Imost exclusively entitied “the pacific settlement of international putes,” commonly konwn as.“The Frotoccl of Arbitration and Security.” Stated in a large way, the chief aim of the protocol is to effect judicial or arbitrai settlement of all irternation- al disputes. It prescribes the ma- chinery for such settlement. It de- fines an “aggressor state” which is. in fine,. a state whether or not a signatory of the protocol which flouts that machinery When the council of the League finds that a state -has aggressed it calls on the Inr-aggressing signatory states to ap- id the sanctions. The protocol hinds the signatories to accept the compulsory arbitration clause of the protocol of the Perma- nent Court of International Justice. It interprets and gives precise ap- plication to certain articles of the league covenant. It prescribes the ‘method of its own ratification and provides for convocation (should cer- tain conditions therein set forth be fulfilled) of an international confer-{ ence on armament reduction, to open June 19: It is not a masterpiece of lucidity. the exceedingly important article on “sanctions” in particular being lamentably vague. It is to be hoped, however. that, whatever its faults (which may be remediable), M Briand spoke by the card when he declared that it “constitutes the most formidable obstacle to war ever de- vised by the human mind.” I hope to find space next week for remarks on certain especially interesting aspects thereof. especially the turn given by the amendments insisted on by the Japanese and the “sanction Having voted the resolution, the fifth league assembly passed into history. e A committee of three has been ap- pointed by the council of the League to investigate the Mosul question in issue between Great Britain and Turkey and to propose a solution. The British and Turkish representa- tives at Geneva pledged their govern- ments to accept the council’s decision on the question. Santo Domingo has been admitted to membership in the League. - * % % X Mincellancous —No news these many days from the Spanish zone of Mo- rocco. Obviously, the censorship clap- ped down hard. The Greek cabinet, headed by M. Sophoules, which had held office only since July, has resigned. The Russian government has taken formal possession of Wrangel Island, stationing a company of infantry there. It Is reported that Great Bri- tain has recognized Russia's right to the island. A recent flood caused much damage to Leningrad (formerly Petrograd) and great suffering to the people. Typhus is ravaging the. unhappy town. There are rumors of a general bat- tle in process near Jehol, Chile Prov- ince,” China, between the forces of Wu Pei Fu and Chang Tso Lin. Reports of the fighting in the vi- cinity of Shanghai are obscure.. The latest indicates that the defending Che Kiang forces are being forced back. . New | he was in charge of | of | | manded. but here league leaders in- | BOYS STEA L BILLIONS Eyery Nine Minutes Records a Crime of Major Character in United States. BY EDWARD F. ROBERTS. VERY second that is tickgd off on the clock represents $30 stolen from the American pub- lic and every nine minutes a major crime is cémmitted somewhere in the United States. Last year more than $3,000,000,000, or & sum far greater than that required o run the United States Government, represented the loot of burglars, em- bezzlers, bandits and other members of the dark brotherhood of crime. Moreover, this appalling crime toll is mounting rapidly year by vear and has increased with staggering speed in_the last decade. These startling facts were miven to me by E. A. St. John, president of the National Surety Co. one of the oldest and largest crime insurance concerns in tha world. whose opera- tions, carried’ on through 12,000 agents, cover every section of the country. “Who and what are the criminals who levy this enormous toll on the American people”” Mr. St. John's answer to that ques- tion was even more disquieting than his estimate of the billions of dol- lars lost through robbery. Our records show.” he said. “that at least 75 per cent of all crimes com- mitted through burglary and robbery are the work of youths under years of age. Moreover, the facts in- dicate that the age of criminals of this class is steadily increasing. Boys in their teens or barely out of them are today responsible for a big proportion of our burglaries and other forms of theft where vioience of some kind is a feature. In cases of embezzlement and misappropria- tion the age limit is higher, for the very simple reason that young men rarely occupy positions where there is opportunity for such crime.” Causes of Crime. What are the causes which are turning thousands of American boys into the paths of crime? Mr. St. John has very clear ideas on that subject, which he cxpressed to me in vigorous and terse language. These reasons may be summarized as follow: The tremendous increase in Iux- urious and extravagant living on the part of the Nation as a whole The weakening of religious moral restraints. The failure of justice to punish crime with swift and sure penalties “A mosi significant feature,” said Mr. St. John. “in the alarming jn- crease in crime in this country dur- ing the last 10 years is the tact that it has been in financial crimes and and generation ago a young fellow could have what he called a ‘good time for a couple of dollars. For the same illusion of pleasure he gives a hun- dred dollars tod: Youth not prone toc self-control and he 1s far less likely to exercise i1t when older people all about him Fre throwing v to the wind.” Cure Liex in Home. How about the influence of the home ‘“That is vhere the cure must start replied Mr. St. John quickly, “if we are to find a cure for the terrible condition which confronts us. Unhappily the in- fluence of many American homes in the direction of right living seems to me to have steadily diminished. Top many children no longer have the respect for their parents whi%h was once traditional with us, and back of that loss of rr spect lies 10ss of faith in religion. To : large measurc our hold on old faiths in question. Belief in life after death and a reward in the hereafter for hor, esty and decent living was once a pow erful incentive in man's conduct, but 1t seems sometimes today to be operating with less than its oid force. The remcds for that lies in our churches and school= and our company is vigorousiv advocat ing the daily teaching of honesty in public schools in the United States. W have established a national honesty. | reau, and already morc than 2,000 school superintendents have agreed to stari honesty classes if we will furnish som sort of text book or basis of instructio) which the teachers can use. Our idea 1< to convince the vouth of the count that honesty is the only safe policy which to base a happy and successfu life. In our business we have seen to many thousands of men wreck the lives by impulsive yielding to tempia tion, and we feel that there is noth of greater importance than to dri home to the consciousness of chilir the fatal results of dishonexty Tardy Penalties Factor. What are the police courts doinz ward checking the crime wave? ‘There you touch on one of thi vital factors of the whole situat One of the most effective means to chech the present spread of embezzlement and forgery and other financial crime severe, sure and immediate punishme 't of the criminal. For many vears in t country punishment of criminals been neither severe nor sure nor im diate. A typical gxample was a re case of a clever ‘crook who formed conspiracy six years ago to tempt 30 40 boys to steal millions of dollar investment bonds from their cmpie He was arrested and remained o bail until about three months az he was finally sentenced to two prison. In my judgment. a erook is [ not in crimes of violence, We are the most extravagant and luxury loving people in the world today and | an extraordinary amount of energy | has been devoted to the invention of expensive methods of pleasure seeking. Qur wild pursuit of pleas- ure, paraded with such ostentation on every hand. is undoubtedly one ot the main causes which tempt our young men and boys to cmme. ‘The economic value of a boy to society is small in money. Being a boy, he is eager for pleasure. but the fo- called pleasures which he sees his elders indulging in are generally far beyond his means. Joy-riaing, caba- rets. midnight dances and il that ‘goes with such things are beyona the reach of the average young fel- low who must work for a lving. A | of our Nation is in sefi teaches one poor boy—not alone 40—ouzht to get 20 years in pri When criminals can conspire with tical impunity to corrupt younz A icans by wholesale it seems 1o me 1 the whole moral and economic structur us danger. company strongiy advocates an incre of the police force of all the larze c in order to check burglaries ups. but the police cannot prey bezzlements, forgerics or swind; crimes of that character the mitted, and for that rez can o cure the discase by going back t sources of infection. We must with the home and the school. that the imperative task is to see th the offender gets swift and aflcqua punishment - (Copsright bs L. P In €. News Serrice U. S. Faces Serious Hurdles Either In or Out of the League (Centinued from First Page.) In the question of joining with other nations in the enforce sanctions of whatsoever character this country would be subject to call. Economic. financial and military sinews would have to be thrown into the cause whenever the occasion de- | sist that with the weight of the world against aggression there would be-no aggression, and the times when such offort weuld become necessary would be infinitesimal and the sum total of support of each nation in any com- bined effort would be small Active Support \oceasa Unquestionably, the United States if she joined the league. would have to abundon the present policy of dis- interested help for one of active sup- port in practically every phase of internationa! relationship and im- mediately, many argue, would become a tool for the machinations of Euro- | which, to say the the pean diplomacy. least. are not hly trusted by American people at large. But what would happen should the United States continue to pursue her own courses and remain without the league, her sole companions Russia and Mexico? Under the protocol which has been | drafted and which by resolution has been recommended to world powers a8 the greatest instrument devised to prevent and even end wars in their "incipiency it is provided that non-member nations are amenable in ceftain degrees ber should make war on & member of the league the protocol. not whally different from the provisions of the league covenant itself. provides that the league shall declare it aggressor, | and. as a consequence, the weight of the world would be thrown against it. On the other hand. should a mem- ber of the league and signatory to the arbitral pact Wage War on a non: signatory nation, then it. too, im- mediately would become amenable to the discipline provided for. In drafting the clauses non-members of the league unques- tionably the framers sought to pre- vent offense to the susceptibilities of | the United States. It is pointed out by them that in its present form a member nation may appeal a conten- tious issue and ask the league to intercede In its behalf. The league might invite the United States to participate -in arbitral negotiations. but nothing could compel the United States to do so. 1t is declared Japan might even take the immigration question before the World Court. Nothing could force the United States as a non-member to recognize the action. xe War. In every way the independence of movement of this country is protect- ed as a non-member under present conditions, save that in waging ag- gressive war, and it is frankly admit- ted that this country could not do =0 without finding itself in such disre- pute as to bring stinging rebukes and interference from every auarter of the globe. The United States would be' restrioted in this regard, cven in the defense of its honor, whether it be a member of the league or not. But the danger to the United States as a non-signatory to the pact or a non-participant in the conferences that are to come on the question of arbitration and disarmament, lies in the ability of other nations to ridicule and put to scorn the principles peace and arbitration as practiced and espoused by this Government Other nations already. are too eager to accuse the United = States of for- saking practical ideallsm. Unques- tionably should the United States pur- sue a thoroughly independent course of action, other nations might cap- italize this ridicule to the injury of the political and economic interests of this country. Through closer knit ment of | being | In case a non-mem- | affecting | of | | organization. such as was cffected | at least initiated. in Geneva. mutualit | of ‘interest among other natlons will be enhanced. The United States. cor sidered an outsider. will be treatcd with respect just as long as there the slightest possibility of {t evc hecoming a member of the leagu { When it is once determined that this never will eventuate then member of the league. bound by @ detern tion to control the affairs world, will proceed wholly original lines. whether rendered be against the United Stat or_not This is recognized by ernmental officials in W, day and though steadfastly refusin to become committed to the leazuc thereby abandoning the policics isolated and independent action whicl have been maintained since the tin of Washington. nevertheless. it is ad mitted this country might feel ous need of adequate protection i world counsels. ough a systen of observers much has becn plished in the protection of Amer | interests in various international counsels.” But there might arise a das when such system might fail and | with t mind the league action of the past week may be regarde with concern on the part T seeing statesmen o decision highest rinston t Amcricans Gain 11 Will, If there existed tod: love and good fellowship United States, the situation never would remain serious for long. But officials of the American tovernment know. and the tens of thousands of Americans returning from Europe in the past two years know, that funda- mentally there is little sympathy for the United States in Europe todas | Whether the motive be jealousy or e { inspired for some other reason, it nevertheless is a fact that the Amer- [ican occupies a position not to i coveted, platitudinous reassurances of interested statesmen of many coun tries to the contrary notwithstanding Will this feeling dominate all ques tions to be decided in the futur: should the United States remain in its present position? Would it continue to prevail should the United States become actively and officially arraved with other nations in the league's activities toward the suppression of war? Must the United States league, subseribing to the binding it even closer to squabbles and discontent itself? Or, can it always maintain its sovereignty and freedom of movement in the face of the orgzanized nations of the earth, all subscribing to the doctrine of co-operative help in times of stress and, through association controlling things generally to suit | themselves, even possibly to the dis- interest of the United States, without the latter having some means of forestalling or nullifying decisions reached? ’ These are questions that necessarily must arise and influence dircetly or indirectly any decisions as to the future of the United States in inter- national affairs. The situation fast approaches point where the United States is con- demned in its own mind if it does become an active force in the league forsaking, as it must, ‘many of the tenants so temaciously clug to sines the very foundation of the republ and it is utterly condemned in the minds of other nations if it remains | without for | enter the protocol. European to prowet World's Oldest Mines. Copper and turquoise minds on the Sinai Peninsula are among the oldest in the world so far as any record i «concerned. They were worked by the Egyptians in 3700 B. C. Xenophon wrote in 355 B. C. of the silver lead mines in Greece.