Evening Star Newspaper, September 16, 1923, Page 43

THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, SEPTEMBER 16, -1923—PART 2. The Story the Week Has Told BY HENRY W. BUNN, administration of the disputed area and of the city of Fiume by a mixed commission, on which Ttaly, Jugoslavia and the Flume Free State would be represented, nominal title to the disputed area going, apparently, to Jugo- slavia. But the business was not ended there. The new agreement to become effective. requires approval by the Rome and Belgrade govern- ments. It was at once seen that the reaction of the Belgrade government was uncordial. Enter at this point, according to rumor, the Czechoslovak minlster of foreign affairs, Dr. Bencs—he who has done more than any other man toward de-Balkanizing southeast Lurop indirectly and subtly intervening in the in terest of a wettlement. He visits Rome ustensibly i connection with the negotia- tion for a commercial treaty between Cizechoslovakia and Italy. Now the normal routing of Czechoslovak overseas exports is via German or Dutch ports, but they could be routed, you know, to Trieste, if Italy would come to a permanent understanding with Jugo- slovia_acceptable to the latter. To this effect, according to rumor, Benes sweetly rounds Museolini in the ear. And Mussolin{’s ears! tremble, for if the commercial salvation of Trieste 'could be assured, then Italy might be willing that Porto Baros, the important B DECLARES PAN-AMERICAN | POLICY HAS BEEN FAILURE Dr. E. S. Zeballos, Argentine Jurist, Sees Need of U. S. Reorganizing State Department. YAMAMOTO PICKS JAPAN'S §f ABLEST CABINET IN CRISIS Premier, Sworn in as Tokio Ignores Majority Party Selecting His Aides. Burned, mn murderers and the legal proceedings, should search bear fruit. The commission must re- port to the conference by September 27. By that date the Greek government will or will not have satisfled the commission as to the energy and good faith with which it has prosecuted measures looking to the bringing of the murderers to justice, and in case of satisfaction the chapter of moral reparations will be closed on that date. Strangely, the ambassadors’ proposals were silent as to Itallan evacuation of Corfu, and the adjacent jslands, merely noting the assur- ance given by the Italian government that the islands were held only as a guarantee. In accepting the ambassadors’ proposals the Greek zovernment asked for immediate evacuation f the islands. Mussolini, approached on the matter, declared he would hold the islands until the murderers had been punished. This.of course, might mean the ides of April, as the murderers might never be caught, and was ob- viously unsatisfactory. Finally, on the 13th, Mussolini consented to evacaute the islands on September 27, on the understanding that should the committee mentioned above find the Greek government in default in respect of “moral reparations,” the latter must pay to Italy, in addition to the indemnity awarded by the world court, the costs of the occupation HE following is a brief summary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended September 15: Spain.—A little coup has been “pulled off” in Spain; swift, bloodless, bizarre. The thau- maturge, so to speak, is pro De Rivera, a high grandee and captain general the military arez of Catalonia, which comprises the prov- of Barcelona, Gerona, Lerida and Tar- BY BEN McKELWAY. jfime;n in the realization of & P the fundamental politic: TEEN e ot e s e political or econom- I 6oL SONKE) O | leal purposes. The most important love between the Amer- | conventions signed were simply acts an republics begin to pall | :_f“;ourl-n_y. Irafted cautiously, and the very harmony in| With the intention of several states - il to arrive at any practical result. sung. a bit of discord| At the time of the fifth pan-Amer- And | fean conference, “according to Dr. | when one rs thing but sugar- | pepallos, it was a matter of common coated for everything pan- | knowledge in South Americy that Peru and Bolivia would not concur American, some caustic criticism from |and that there was a military rivalry Acrioan, some < qnergetically upheld in Brazil toward informed Argentina. The State D, the sient anbont i the Pan-American Dr. Bstanislao able to ignore the Zeballos, tha 5 stry gentina, president of the International | Pais thr e Law Assocfution, who came to the of Jmarine had repe declared a its coun y e o | United States lust month to address Siaigihi SR the American Institute Tolitics. any of BY FRANK H. HEDGES. ERHAPS the strongest cabinet that Japan has ever known &o far as the qualifications of its individual members are con- cerned is that formed under the | premiership of Admiral Count Gombel | Yamamoto, while Tokio was burning. { Dramatic as were its formation and formal induction into office, its career { during the next few months promises | ! to be equally dramatic and tempe ous. No less than five of its members are [prime ministerial timber, in fact, have in various cabinet crises of the afliations may be regarded as a point in his favor. Retrenchment in order to offset the inflation and ex- travagance growing out of the war period will be his policy. A state- ment made at Osaka some time ago may be regarded as the keynote of Japan's economic and financial poli- cles under Mr. Inouye: “I believe that all classes of peo- ple in Japan, even including the gov- ernment, must immediately launch concrete measures of retrenchment and economy if the readjustment of ¢ commerce, the reduction of prices of stu- | commodities, the stabilization of the nation's economic life angd a favor- able balance in foreign trade are to be gained.” Admiral Hyo Takarabe, appointed minister of the navy by the late inces | ragona re On the ni; then hes praise which they now and it of September 12-13 the tain gencral declared a “state of siege” Catalonlu. The same time he issued a pronun- ciamento inviting the Spanish military outside Catalonia to join his movement, the main ob- jects of which are “to put an end to wasteful- liess in government, to insure liberty to labor, to establish rapidly and without passion the re- sponsibilities for the Morocco disusters, and completely to change the conduct of the Riff cumpaign.” To the achievement of these ob- jects, declared this modern Cid, it would be necessary to oust the existing “baleful” gov- crnment and replace it by a government of i freshing, n of s t and un Dr. epartme: seasoning. Union wer: Zeballos of Ar- acquire milita supremacy over Argentina. “Nevertheless,” states Dr. hich recently conclud at Williamstows ous in his criticisy policy 1d Institution what he to infer Unele Sam’s name is not alw the rabs and the sing Yanke: Doodle Yor Zel 1 its sess that famous Ameri- the Monroe doctrine. 45 to say one might that in South n for rom be led B loud hur- Dandy T Minister Here. os is known in Washin, on srmer minister here fr he Argentine, but he is more wide Known as South America's greates withority on international law and an outstanding figure in the natio of Argentina. He has b min of foreign relations and ministe c worship in Argentina as president of their ber of their he to the Lr ates on objeet the creation of a better under- standing in the ates of gentina—not a better ndin South America or South . v Washingtc cerotary the United s - of He unders Amerd L st week a call Hughes and Dr. Leo S Pan-American 1nion, an this coun next meeting th wetk of nit Zeballos be I politically the Failnre i polic orally ruitiul understanding trade between other i the I he 17 repu <. due, prin the between the san republics themselves little if any from er policy i lations impuls world, D us ophosi- the 1 against pan- sition United s in its relat re ith the Latin ealing ination With- iefs on seribes which sympathy of n by many republic “mistrust States, al dol ption committing ow Dr < while not enlist th il Talks Frankly Zeball he Un of Re ted tions. frankly in Santiago, naval mission igement to uth America republics essity of pe the future is in and the and na- inon \fidence in aspiration « than thirty vears, of friendly | Argentina concerning elings the United < have been most seriously hurt naval . which de- fur as @ careless and re- nat behavior, al- faithfully and inad- dip! this 14 n intry,” America ol invited nvited man- fifth pau-America mistake on the partment, of the ind of the Chile lis attention to omress Al of the conferencee as a part of the State De- Pan-American Union n government. He the that th merican 3 have Uncle Sam in E y conferences ons is more than gener- of the “pan-Amer- the mention of | America | by all present of 1life ission which had astits | the | and all ‘well informed statesmen in South America were convinced of the error and of its unfavorable and dis- | graceful prospect in matter of polit- |ical weight.” Lists Outstanding Results, There were four outstanding 1 of the conference, which Dr. Zebalios |lists as follows: First, the revelati {of " an unexpeeted anti-American 1 Spirit; second, that the Monroe doc I'trine ‘was not popular in the south- |ern states: third, that while all dele- gations were willing to “plough an [ anitariun field,” as_a matter of |courtesy toward the United States {and of brotherhood between them- selves, they were unwilling to accept any super-natural solution on jects of polics or commerce or of any other nature. |* “Finally. states Dr. the transcendental larmaments the failure i e was deplors |snid that the United States like to offend Brazil, but they of |'six republics. vietins of the i ong them ntina 105t rich and warket in South America crious part of { the Brazilian public opinjon, which ix asai ments. Ar iin it would have heen casy for the United tates to tind w way of conciliation Without nybody Dr. )t eriticize wiih | which he climination of the aetive b oare responsib for the "negative or very slow prog- ress mades” He @ number steps which he 1 this elimination Zeb atte of allos, “in ot the this con- s been id not nded armed the csting remedios . terms the ! canses whi ' [ Suggests New Poli advocates the reor State Department and of 1he serviee abroad. the made more adaptable pents of efficacious el the American republics to correct deficiences United 1 Jus in American int machinery | n should ni L ricanized machines pan- American which, with the operative direction of in whose talent pr and sincerity South Ameri will lead this policy to the mighty achicvements contemplated by | the true spirit of American loyalty {and solidarity. Zeballol tes show American rpretation in republics as ambitious pressu of the United States. He would have no interference in the internal life of \er republics. regardless of their instability, recommending that the Tnited States let them “fry then r own gravy.” He would United States return tc republies, wlhose sovereig by the United State full independence, and he calls for reinforcement of declarations of Se {retary of State Hughes to the effect | that “the United Ktates does not in- i tend to interfere In the sove lif e lof the o American republics, nor of their territories, nor harm their dignity He nization of | the diplomatic with latt these 1 new per stould efficien br. L. 8. be st and L. S. Rowe ration trusts, would have the United | less interest in promot- activity, because everal Ame the her part in way | independ: Wants Vixit by Hughes. Among a number of ons i one *that Secertary ixit the republ £ the Rive ithout _any . pan- jurpose. but tter 0 Jafeer his visit S Ivecates { | recommenda- Hughes Plat neries urt I 1 co efticial ehar 1o to other it wy to to pan ican ideals | rmed p the new { world. .which always keeps alive the dangers of war and interferes in the several states with high and unsus- pected purposes of conciliation and mediation.” He would have the mis- Sions follow their work only as a private agreement between govern- ments and experts. publics, n | to stimulate { | laborate Tests Of Home-Building Materials' Especially housing shortage labor and high that bulldings be erected at the lovi- est cost consistent with satisfactory service and reliability. To make t possible it ix necessary to know all those properties of the varlous ma- terials used which make able for their particular purpose. In order that such information may be authoritatively and readily able. the bureau of standards has s up a service station for the building industry where tests are made strength of steel, ¢ and many other forms of construction: of t durability of stone, paints and materials under conditions en tered in actual service; of the formance of hardware, plumbin tures, etc., and of the fire-res properties arfous materials. the rei during e times of of skilled it is urgeut W of the Testing Equipment. The testing equipment of reau of standards includes a having a crushing capacity of 5,000 tons, together with several smaller machines. To illustrate this—35,000 tons are equal to the weight of a very heavy coal train. and few units of building construction will endure so great a load. With this mach therefore, it is possible to test to de struction all but the very largest o steel columns, to how they tail and in meny cases to offer sugges- tions as to the proportions of dif- ferent parts which will givethe max- imum strength for the welght. This machine has also been used for testing many kinds of masonry construction, such as brick and_tile walls, concrete columns, etc. Such tests show the relative strength of different types of construction, which is quite different at times from the unit strength of the material. Tests are also made of the proper- ties of the materials themselves, and experiments are carried out for the improvement of the strength and oth valuable properties of steel, brick, hollow tile, cement and concrete. Material which is strong enough when first put up may later fail as the result of fatigue, so that its al- lowable load must be less than its calculated load. The problem of fa- tigue failure is being thoroughly studied by the bureau of standards with the hope and expectation that it may he able to give more reliaple in- the bu- machine them valu- | st | & lall concerned. | formation concerning the allowanc !to be made for this factor. The resistance of stone and to frost action, of steel to corrosion, of paint to weathering—all these are | of equal _importance with their| strength. : Stone is tested by soaking | aud treesing it ‘aiternately untll the] brick | ace begin to crumble. Some kinds stone begin to fail after less than freezings, while others show no I'signs of failure after having been frozen more than 1,000 tim Paints, waterproofing roofing materials, stucco, ete., are tested by actual exposure in the tweather for indefinite periods and | tXaminations of them are made at fiutervals to how well th are !lasting. Often, in case of unsatis-| wctory service, the bureau of stand Is investigates the cause of failur rand i able to tell the manufacturers Ihow to improve their product, this | information being freely available to ' materials, | | The resistance of fireproofing ma- { terials is tested in gas or oll-fired furnaces, in which any desired tem- perature’ and duration of fire can he ! reproduced. Brick and tile | fireproofed steel columns, { curtains, etc., have been tested in this i way. The durabllity of the material ‘und construction have been shown and the temperature rise of the un- exposed side measured. Actual Fires Used in Work. order that the test conditions be comparable with those en countered in actual fires, measure- | ments of the temperatures reached { in various ‘kinds of fires are being made. For this purpose a brick wall and concrete building is fur- nished to resemble some particular kind of occupancy, as an office, store-| room, ete. Condemned furnitire and papers arc used, and are aurranged about as they would begin & room of the character being studled, Then the whole mass Is set on fire and burned out. For co-ordinating this technical in- formation with that from other sources, for increasing its availability to the public and for study of the legal and financial problems involved in the building of the nation's homes. the bureau of standards has recently added a division of building and | housing. This new division has pub- lished a book containing not only a model building code. but gives in readily accessible form the results of tests performed at the bureau of standards and at other laboratories, together with a consensus of opinion of the hest informed architects and builders, In may { Zebullos, “the conference was forced, | military men, or of civilians under the control part of Fiume harbor, results sub- | | section | to the doori of the military. Apparently the other great captains gave in dhesion at once. One suspects that the advance impresario. The when the their business genius akin to king was at San Sebastian opencd. Notified by the premier, to Madrid, arriving on the 14th. cuhemas urged him to authoriz ssion of the r Italy on a sion, refused, and, of cou all arranged in that of an was authorized rals ). One seven ra, was on the Rivera will “probably.” in the n, stitute for the cetorate military men and suitab| Martial law has be that « D Rivera over the officer’s junta tion so inimical to disc ency of the eivil power. far to explain the this buxiness was carri doubt that which chiefly « to the rauk and file of tl but a few offic was the the pronuncian at De R chuck the Moroeean enterpri flower of Spanish youth have been vainly sacrificed In this, oo perhaps b Planation of the lick of popul Probably the late government chargeable with all the sins leged by De Rivera, but, instances during 1h ntur tion by the militar 4o not justfy benefit to Spain I & civil that pline smoothness 1 arm ties a sanguin om the Haly and Jugosiavia.— The and the later agreement gherita failed the vexe Fiume. Theret missioners representing ¥ met for further negotiation their mandate, “details of agreements named above Mussolini. not unnaturally the commission \ September 1 fafled to aceept Fiume settlement liberty of action.” The Jugoslav commissioners n threat and agreed proposals, the nature of which Some dispatches say they of Fiume to Italy, Italia to Porto Baros and administration of the port of Baros by Italian missioners. Other dispatches say me ap 1 the h Italian owuld then the Delta’ Davis Family Crowding Smiths 'Hundreds Caught in Oil Stock For Honor of Mo Old Man Davis' the erving cours the S roll When vou portant e xecutive in the Congressional Direetory on_tie job. James J Abmed leading all there ave fifteen big jobs. And this Smith of s are going to give + race for the hono Uncle Sam in high y there a v 11 ith progeny on the federal pay d what not. over the im- Juonitions—those listed you find W as clorks, seeretaries a it of Abou Ben rest, vou find i ired” with Davis of Minnesota and but people D: of to most many e wheels ving. helping m's works Jume: 5 3 on the 1 of National Defens regent of the Smithsoniun Institution and chairman of the Federal Board for Vocational Edueation. Jemes C. Davis is director general of the United States Railroad Administra- tion. Ben G, Davis is chief clerk of the iState Department. Arthur P. Davis is reclamation service C. M. Davis is assistant District of Columbia. ight F. Davis is first assistant sec- etary of war. Herbert L. Da i ipreme Cour James H. Davis is clerk to the Senate committee on commerce. Lulu F. Davis is also in the serv o Senate committee on commerc 0. K. Dayis is on the United States of the inter-American high ommissi P. R. Davis is battalion chief engineer of the District fire department. Maj. Gen. Robert C. Davis is adjutant general of the Army and commissioner of the United States Soldiers'’ Home. Royal O. E. Davis is research expert in the fixed nitrogen research laboratory Stephen B. Dav is solicitor for the Department of Commerce. Dr. William H. Davis is In charge of the vital statistics division of the censue bureau. And now for the § Alfred E. Smith is on the board of Indian commissioners, New York. A. H. Smith ix one of the doorkeepe: {he House of Representativ Chester C. Smith is also an per of the House. keep) director of the assessor of ditor of the Dis- e of th 2 riths— A s of Clifford W. United State: Emergency Fleet Corporation. E. 8. Smith is an assistant to doorkeeper of the House. Ethel M. Smith is a member of the minimum wage board for the National Capital. Bverard H. Smith is clerk to the Sen- ate committee on appropriations. F. C. Smith is assistant surgeon ge the it | tant | Premier measures for bellion, but the king, like recent similar the cabinet resign- De rate, and, presto! a di- headed hears ar future, sub- a mixed cabinet of ns. n proclaimed < unexampled bizarre and the If this is true through mnended the slear i »und rot and the piast of interven- in Spanish domestie poli expectation treaty months ago com- and “to settl t August growing impatient + to the Jugoslay delegates had proposals is involve waiver of port of Fiume and Jugoslav com- they call for | ! o | tion—in a eral, bareau of the public health service, | that they | based on ca dispute between Italy cly belong the prosperity by a play Wwould be happy. returned Al- obtrude as- You can‘t divert trade honest man, it may be Rivera to ber, De If Benes did any De by that - note; this tim The commissioners’ ag ernment would lberty of action, thereupon propos to arbitration by confederation. in of the Rapalio tr proposal. 1t is said by Septemb fluence institu- ascend - it would with which But no coun to all ed e the and . S of action, Signor Corfu 1 that Jugoslavia has a re not of th ficient armies been re-equipy eredit nted by Jugoslavia has she tion One now ross any bat he will time 1imit of his last haps he has done so has drawn up 4 new Fiume settlement A notification to the eourse, end the erisis, v have done, of this ot one in d from the ¥ properly def al numerous hears that to ¢ wtate of Rapal- Santa Mar- problem of nt ¥ stand Relgra so ran of the jon ¥ and Greece.—So past. The Italian accepted the ambassadors of effect that 1% or full fo ‘normal T resume e payment ete), and nnity) to the the Italian not el annexation 1 claims and joint and the by ter to b the sum de tional ‘Bank composed of delegates president, is to U. S. Posts Walter R. Swith is poundmaster for the health department of the National Capital William I, Smith is sceretary to the international joint commission There are twelve Whites, rks. ten Browns and ninc Jone: Jisted in_the Congressional Directory holding important government jobs. to Jugoslavia and should en- which for Italian obstruction, So simple, isn't it? A little rounding in the car in the course of a pleasant repast, and the Flume question Is no more. But a doubt will itself. Don’t the nels? As Benes is a good economist, playing her usual role of busybody and fib such rounding, effect; for Mussolini dispatched another little to_the must have the approval of the Belgrade gov- ‘consider himself free to The Belgrade government The time limit expired last night. What kind Mussolini? Someth It is to be noted Christend friends is a protege of France. Rubicon just notify Wh and proposais “material reparations” Greek government, termined £ 50,000,000 lire to be de- the Greek government in the Swiss guarantee. i and Italian governments, with a Japanese “control” cleven | whose posstssion Is in and Jugoslavia, should ot the it would enjoy and everybody Fiume issue economists say that from its normal chan- and an that Lady Rumor was listed men it had no Calif. seves bara, Belgrade government. About reement, sald the note, 15, eclse er Mussolini resume full ference of the dispute ident of the Swiss with a stipulation Mussolini rejected the which we squadron course. Of the Chauncey =1 ng in the onnection has of- lats ernment. And cloxe affiance, and What kind of ie- 1 this rmy aliant and The plete loss. dispateh hoats seven, minor Tn tria jus France neh T hut Mussolini is not now. Some Belgrade Eoing reports that the is extended (per- ers have it that b of proposals for i ot sot s latter effect would. of ver Mussolini may the above study of the important controversy day Mixeellan mitte The the Greco-1It Bri Greels gov of the conferen: of 1o nt, which include ~parations” (apologics, (e, an the amount by the world raments tion over will, o future, But until The the ¢ in- he A commission of the French, British have been the search for the Swindles | Tourists to California are filting the {eoffers of a1 number of oil stock promiotion companics, many of them {of questionable reputition, says a ro- port just released by the national vigilance committec of the Associat- led Ad i Clubs of the World, A representative of the committes hoe Polishes Often Injure Leather, Is Warning Issued by U. S. Chemists ing th olish has just issued a warning, reful and extensive tests, that oftentimes shoe polishes contain free acid or alkall which will injure the leather? So that the old adage oft quoted to us as boys by our good grandmothers, “the life of an old shoe is to black it,” Is not as truc in these days as it was in hers. Experts in the bureau of chemistry, one of Uncle Sam's biggest testing laboratories, point out that a polish of the emulsion type containing free alkali causes cracking across the ip of the shoes where leather is bjected to frequent bending. Many the liquid cicaners, often put up in combination with paste polishe for use on light-colored shoes, con tain oxalic acid, which is likely to injure leather. Tests Are Suggested. In these days of high-priced shoes these hints regarding how the leather be unsuspectingly ruined will be icomed by those who have not lost their sense of thrift and economy and financial proportion during the days of extravagance run riot. In the absence of water-soluble dye in the polish, Uncle Sam says, free acid or alkali can be detected by stir- ring up some of the polish with warm i and | you know of that | riin water and testing 3 wa settling with red and b litm »i A change from red to blue in {dicates free alkali, wh chan from blue to red indicates {ree acid. {In the presence of water-soluble dyc, fres acid and alkali can be detected by chemical analysis. Turpentine Not Harmful. here is general belief that turpen- tine in shoe polishes is injurious to teathers. but the federal experts deny t They say that their tests did not show any injuries that could be ascribed to turpentine. The only un- favorable condition they noted is that turpentine sometimes becomes rancid, acquiring a sharp, disagreeable odor and cauging the polish to become gummy and unsatisfactory to use, but the quality of the leather does mnot seem to be affected. rious other constituents are used in the manufacture of shoe polishes. Most of the modern polishes for leathér consist of mixtures of waxes colored with Gves and softened to a | pasty consistency, usually with tur- | pentine. Those free from turpentine are produced by emulsitving the waxes by boiling them with a solution | of horax or soda. coloring with dye or finely powdered bone charcoal and |mixed with a solution of ordinary soap to form a paste or with a solution of castile soap to form a liquid polish. Other liquid polishes consist of shel- lac, waxes and dye m alcoholit so- lution. he or Manufacture of Peat on Huge Scale In Bay State’s War on Coal Shortage Republican leaders im Massachu- mith is secretary to the | setts, after conferences here with fed- hipping Board and the | erq) officials, have announced their intention of fighting the coal short- age—which was expected to be worse in Massachusetts than any other part of the country on account of the in- dustrial and transportation conges- new way. They announce expect to make coal con- corge 1. Smith is assistant superin- | sumers in Massachusetts, and prob- tendent of mails George Otis Smith i Statks Coal Commis: on the United n. H. A. A. Smith s chief of investiga- | tions of the general accounting office. Horace H. Smitk is attorney in charge of titles, Department ot Justice. James F. Smith is judge of the ted States Court of Customs Appeals. John Speed Smith is chief naturaliza- tion examiner, bureau of naturalization. Katharine A. Smith i editor for the United States bureau of chemistry. Kathryn Smith is clerk to the Senate committee on Indian affairs. Marcus A. Smith is on the interna- tional joint commission. Murray D. Smith is clerk to the Sen- ate committee on Interstate commerce. .Lieut. Col. Perrin L. Smith is assistant to_the chief of finance of the Army. Philip S. Smith is acting director of the geological survey. Ray L. Smith is assistant chief of the Panama Canal Commission. Shelby Smith §s chief of the division of publications and supplies of the De- partment of Labor. Sidney F. Smith is an examiner in chief of the' United States patent office. ydney B. Smith is disbursing clerk, War Department. W. A. Smith is in charge of the Con- gressional Record at the United States Capitol. i i | i ably in all New England, independent of the annual industrial conflicts in the anthracite coal field They propose to engage in the manufacture of peat on a large scale, confident that through the co-opera- tion of federal agencles they have found a method which will make that territory independent of the an- thracite supply. All of these men are wealthy and their moti¥e is primarily one of ren- dering a public service rather than to make any more money. Huge ex- penditures will be necessary for labor and machinery and a campaign of education will have to be carried on before any material return on their investment can be expected; but plans have progressed to a stage where it will be_possible to have the manu- factured product on the market be- fore the cold weather. Men Who Back Movement. Frank H. Foss of Fitchburg, chair. man of the republican state com- mittee; William M. Butler of Boston and New Bedford, wealthy cotton manufacturer and republican national committeeman from Massachusetts; Lieut. Gov. Alvan T. Fuller, Frank G. Allen, president of the state senate, and Frederick Field, treasurer of th United Fruit Company, are among| those - interested -in the project.. A corporation, of which Foss president, will be formed its_operations, There are billions of tons of peat in Massachusetts, but no practicable method of cutting it, drying it and placing it on the market in large quantities has heretofore been discov- ered. These men, however, are under- stood to have applied for' patents on machinery by which peat can be cut, then macerated through a_machine, which operates something like a meat cutter, then by means of another ma- chine pounded into bricks ready to burn either in a boiler or ordinary hot-air furnace. The promotors are confident that peat can be placed on the Massachh- setts market to retail at $10 a ton at first, with probably lower prices if there is a substantial demand for it. Manufacture will begin at Wren- tham, Mass. Canadian Product Fairly Good. Some years ago the Canadian gov- crnment produced falrly good peat for $1.50 a ton retall in Ontario and caused collapse of the anthracite mar- ket there. The government authori- ties then decided it was not legally a proper function to produce and seil fuel and called for bids on their plant. It fell into the hands of men inter- ested in the anthracite business and they closed {t. Federal Fuel Distributor Wadleigh sajd today that peat is produced on a fairly large scale in this country only in Florida. It also is produced at scattered points in the west and in New Jersey. The men behind the new project are said to have become interested as a result of the latest anthragcite crisis and to have decided to go into it on the theory that it will be possible to develop to relieve will be 5 to carry on | fslands and a further indemnity of 50,000,000 lire. Announcement of its “adoption of this solution” by the conterence is presumed to_end the crisis. Whether or no Mussolini yielding on the Corfu issue by the desire to rid himself of other embarrassments before trying conclusions United States of Ameriea.—Tiwenty-three were badly injured when seven United States Navy destroyers struck on the rocks off Point Ar- guello, seventy-five miles north of Santa Bar- saved themselves, The destroyers were making twenty knots in a dense fog when the leading vessel struck. There was a strong tide, and the other vessels piled up one after another within two or three minutes. The report of the board of inquiry will be waited with interest, pending publication of may only conjecture why destroyer 11 should have becn so far off its wr can items of the others can be squadron lead. Ac which injuries commenting transcontinentul transcontinental air mail serv ably efficient one, but confined to d During the lagt twelve months it was r cent and during July The and night flying pus.—The Irish Free State was ad- to the to Preside Diseussion o o next w order cessation Poincare. report clted crman drawn at the beginning of the Ruhr occupa- tion, had been sent back to Brussels, scems to incorrect. The hunger phase in the devastated district of Japan is happily past. Daily in California! i { i | a Massachusetts fuel industry | higher than a year ago, e consumers of the recurring | as 100, while mineral worrics over the. anthracite situation. \at 150.5, as against 8! | than a vear ago on August 1. was moved in with Jugoslavia on the is an interesting speculaton. * * k 3k gt o drowned and thirteen were | { on the night . hundred men of September §. were rescued or tked vessels be comple probably ene—the ely salvaged alvaged. Delphy—is a com- mysteriously belated | —the ording to received, t grounded was nine wo got off with compars nd_continued on their course Jast week on the rec flights conducted b 1 spoke as though there in ! 1 | 1 i s v service has. i considerab h of course, | i 99.66 per cent recent tests were of continuous league of mations on September ation led in the felicita- t Cosgrove, who was present. the German situation must go ek, Most people say Stresemant he’ won't—that in the near of passive resistance. lutely nothing doing. is. does, abs in my ambassador ast_summary that to Belgium, with- Las been Angeles a three wee which unserupulous prometers » to snare their victims ‘rea bus rides to the fields, coffer, sandwiches and doughnu thrown in, are the tempting bait v which the sucker is indus to spend ve honrs as the gu of the promot- who appear to be rested in desire to see California but whose purpose is to Ll name on the dotted line of a contract for the purchase of stock. The feverishaic- tivities of the oil fields new rival the beaches and scenie heauties of Cali- fornta as an wnd the se- Who st out on the vadks as es will permit, emph s no no obligation, not a thing in the worid but the pleasure of a ride through peach orchards and orange groves. “Once in the ofl fields, however, continues the report, “and the tourist finds that there is a reason for all this_hospitality. “High-powercd salesmen are on hand to point the way to the dotted line and then as soon as the newly made stockholders can be hustled into the bus, they are on their way back to the city, while the promoters remain behind to count the cash, rub their hand with satisfaction and call it another good day. “Investigation of the claims made by many lecturers and salesmen dis- closes that misrepresentation i common practice. Deception is woven with truth, and figures are juggled | almost without limit. The ~sucker lacks advertising literature to which he might turn for reference after learning that he had been decéived; and the average memory is not good | enough to recall the cleverly qualified statements to the satisfaction of pub- lic officials, who would be glad to prosecute if dependable evidence were available. in the round nd Long I for the s, obrerving the ease w 1 with I {Prosperity Wav In U. S. Growing, (Continued from First Page.) { | States was about 18 per cent larger s weekly earnings of factory workers, as reported from both New York and Wisconsin. increased about 10 per cent ever a year ago. Regarding retail trade, mail-order house sales for the first seven months of 1923 exceeded the 1922 period by 35.8 per cent, or more than $50,000,000. Sales of the principal 10-cent stores increased 53.3 per cent in this period, a gain of almost $37,000,000 over last year. Increases in magazine and hewspaper advertising, in postal re- ceipts, in sales of candy aud in the- ater admiseions all testify to in- creased buying power. Banks Show Prosperity. Debits to individual accounts and bank clearings were considerably larger than in the first seven months of 1823, especially outside of New { York city, thus leaving out the spe: ulative element. Savings deposits have increased about 10 per cent over a year ago. New insurance business increased 23.7 per cent over the first seven months of 1922, Number of fail- ures declined 27.6 per cent from the simila) eriod last year, and default- ed liabilities were 28.7 per cent less. Dividend payments have averaged 3 per cent higher than last year, and new capital issues of corporations have increased 12.7 per cent. Index numbers showing the trend of production, stocks and unfill?fl or- ders in industry as a whole havé been compiled by the Department of Com- merce. Stocks of commodities on hand at the end of July were about the! same as a year ago. Unfilled orders were slightly higher than a year ago, at 67.6, as against 65.8. based on the 1920 averagé as 100, while manufac- turing production was considerably above a year ago, standing at 115.8 for July, as against 103.4 a year ago, based on 1919 as 100. The output of raw materials was also_considerably based on 1919 grodu\‘{ion stood { time ! the head of the government past been mentioned as likely to suc- ceed to the highest post in the civil government of the empire. But none of them is even remotely identified with the Seiyukai, the political party that has the substantial majority of | ninety-six votes in the lower house | of the imperial Diet. ! Therein lizs its weokness and its danger. Tle composition of the new cabinet leads to the belief that not only the Seiyukai been ignored but that the personnel of the new portfolio holders is an open cha lenge that the majority party can scarcely afford to ignore. Truce in Disaster. The catostrophe under which Japan is now suffering will undoubtedly caud internal politlcs to sink below the surface for the time belng and all elements in the empire may be ex- pected to unite in restoring order and beginning the climb back to cconomic prosperity. Threc four however, will permit this tificial unification of political enem to dissolve, and by the time the dict | onvenes in late December the Seiyu- | kal may be expeeted to line up in solid pholanx agalnst the executive braneh of the government. Only dissolution of the diet by reseript and the calling of leetion will permit Count moto's ministry to continue in p in such an event, and the strength of the Seivukai throughout Japan would probubly return a new dlet still dominated by that party Count Yamamoto under hi r ceptionally and crats, semi-bureaue of minor_political p: to the Seivuk were offered Viscount Takus} the major opposition | seikal. member of the and minlster of fore of the formul tation of the demands,” refused to join the new premier in his league against the Seiyukai Kato Strong m Japan. Despite the handicap under which he labors because of his former China policy, Viscount Kato is one of the strong men of Japan. Admiral Baron Minoru Saito, governor general of Kores, has declined. Baron Saito, however, can be counted on to support the new premier, for he is a protege of the strong feudal clan of Satsuma and has consistently worked with Count Yamamoto in tho past t Nobuaki Makino, minister imperial household and holdar at various times in the past the portfolios of agriculture and com- , education and forcign affairs, the third member of what might be called the trio of “strong br: who is not member of the cubinet Viscount Makine's connection with the imperial family, however, ix suffi- cient to_remove him from polities, €0 _that Viscount Kato lJooms as the only potential cnemy of any strength outside the Seivukai, and it is prob- able that he will work in unison with premier againat the majority - form cha or months, first ar- gathered numhber of ex- strong bureau- and members gonistic rats r house presen- also of the 1 moto self, a n man and is of strong personal influence, not tl suma him which and .1 Power comes naturally aside to an Gote Influential Man. { Viscount Shimpei Goto is probably the most influential man in the new cabinet. Although he was at one time rather closely identified with the Seiyukai, his party connections were severed a number of years ago. Edu- cated in Germany to be a physician, ho has held varied and important political posts for the past two decades. Civil governor of Formosa, president of the South Manchuria railways and minister of communica- tions in succession. he retired from the latter post in 1811, only to bo re- appointed with the additional offic of president of the smperial govern- ment railw a vear later. Leaving the portfolio of home af- fairs to assume that of foreign affairs about {wo Years after Japan had entered tha world war, he roused a storm of criticism. It was felt that 2 physician should not be entrusted with the foreign policy of the nation. The belief that he was rather pro- German made him objectionable to certain of Japan's illness, but there was nothing_that they could do in the matter. He was not given a post in_the late Premler Takhashi Hara's cabinet, but was appointed mayor of Tokio_in 192%¢, an office which he re- signed only last spring. ¥ Aid Foreign Policy. He holds the portzolio of home ai- fairs in the newly formed ministry, a post of exceptional importance in the reorganization and rehabilitation that will necessarily follow the earth- quake and fire that laid a large sec- tion of the nation in ruins. Since Count Yamamoto has not named a minister of foreign affars, but has temporarily kept that portfolio him- self concurrently with the premier- | ship, Viscount Goto's advice and in- | fluence on the foreign policy of Japan will be great, It is known he favors the recogni- tion of soviet Russia at an early date. having been working to that end for many months past. The old cry of his being pro-German and, as a con- sequence. somewhat anti-English and anti-American, may be expected to be heard again. But times hav changed greatly since 1916, German has definitely lost the war, although seven years ago Japan was not at all certain that she would. Viscount Goto is unquestionably an able administrator, somewhat liberal in his views and capable of shaping his policies in accordance with popu- lar demand. As an opportunist, he ranks not far behind = the British statesman, who is credited with hav- ing been able to retain his hold on office through the years by his ability to keep a jump in aecvance of what would prove popular with the masses. | Able Finance Minister. i Junnosuke luouye. minister of finance. has been governor of the Bank of Japan for the past four vears, the governmental financial institution that might well be compared with the bank of England. He has never 'before held political office. He is un- doubtedly one of the ablest financiers of the nation, and his Tack of poHtiv* | i spire confiden { methods Premier Kato only this vear and con- tlnu(»d‘ in office by Count Yamamoto, was vice minister of that departme during Count Yamamoto's former premiership, and was placed on the waiting list for a short time as t! result of the naval scandal that d veloped. He is only forty-six years old, an exceptionally voung man to be entrusted with the important port folio of the nav Disaster Affects Navy. Destruction of Yokosuka, Japan's pr mier naval base, by the carthquake and the possible damage to warships -there will have to be taken into consideration in the shaping of his plans, but Ad- miral Takarabe repeatedly de- clared since assuming office that he would adhere faithfully to the naval limitation treaty and that his auxillary building plan was “not very comprehen- sive in comparison with those France and England.” Chosiu, the powerful rival clan Satsuma, given representation Count Yamamoto's government h appointment of Gen. Baron G aka as minister of war, under the late ni reslgned bee and a to from political 1 sed to re the: presen ix probably the most in the Japanes that has has i the held « it trouble nently perma hax ev burden . He ininistrator branch of the subordi to number of years anc inuc in that po for some o come. The new minister of cducation, Keijfiro Okano. held the portfolio of justice in the late Baron Kato's ministry. The reason for hix shift to the department of education is not clear fre 5 side of the Pacific, since a trained law- yer and has never before held any y tion unconnected with the court that at one e Le occupied the of “mercantile law ot the Tokie rial university. Baron Den Advaneed. The governor general of For Baron Kenjiro Den, who goes in as min- ster of agriculture and commerce, has long possible suc- cessor to the premiership, as have Vis- count Goto, Baron Tanaka and Ki Inukai. He has made a good record in the governing of Japan's island colony, characterized exceptional firmness. He has advocated giving Formosa diet of its own to deal with purely loca concerns. He was member of the Terauchi government, having been min- ister of communications, He is certain to himself felt in the new govern- ment. Ki Inu; minority minto, w self impe been considered s by “ v leader of the known as the Kokt luntarily dissolved § i f rably the me the nev . although he holds the com- aratively unimportunt post politi- cally of minister of communications lie entered pe in_life b way of tha pres 15 clected member ef the in th first diet ever n. H has held his since that tim When Count first ministrs to include Mr minister of before and Kokuminto. Count Yaman On th bl ni priv Pows new nise to formed his o was urged Who had brer cducation fifteen ve was the to. follow: Kokuminto dured pr Niseonr the would f Mi coun & of liberal Close Such a party, the was formed, but Goto mor Count 1 Instead, such veteran liberal leaders as Yuk! Ozaki and Saburo Shimada joined with Mr. Inukai. The new minister of communications, how- ever, is unquestionably close to both of these powerful burcaucrats, which may explain his inclusion in the new government, the alternative cxpla tion being the desirc to unseat Seivukai_in the lower house Ichiji Yamanouchi, minister of rs ways, is an old henchman of premier's, having served as secretary’ to thé cabinet in the vious Yamamoto ministry. In n, he is a member of the clan of Satsuma. He has held f important posts for a wood years. among which that of governo of the northern island of the Ho kaido would probably rank first The new minister of jus . Kiichi Hiranuma, steps into the cabinet from the presidency of the supreme court, having held that position for the past two years. A graduate of the leading law school of Japan, his whole career has been identified with the bar. He was vice minister of justice in 1811 and 1912, Ignored Political Bias. The political complexion of Japa at present has been utterly disrega ed by Count Yamamoto in the forv tion of his new cabinet. This would be impossible in most countries with a constitutional form of governmept, but not so in Japan, where the little group behind the throne is still more powerful than the people as a whole. A strong ministry has been formed. probably the strongest Japan has ever seen, so far as individual capacities of its members are concerned. Whether it will be strong enough as a unit to weather the storm certain to break with the reopening of -the diet as the year draws to a close re mains, of course, to be seen. If any group of bureaucrats in Japan could do so, those called together under the banner of Count Yamamoto. are such a group. Satsuma dominates, but Chosiu is also represented, a compromise hav- ing evidently been reached. Nomne, except Mr. inukai, is a party man, and he is a leader of the smallest and least influential party A the lower house. His past record makes it difficult to belleve that he can work easily and smoothly with aif of his new associates. Viscount Goto is the only other man with inclinations toward liberalism. It may be that Japan needs a strong and bureaucratic government just noy even more than she needs one representative of the political affili- Ations of the majority of the li ited electorate. Tk nalities in the new cabinet uch as to in- its strength and uot a return to iex it will be safe to realizes that such o be permanently di carded, for if any group in Japan would be inclined to rule with an autocratic hand it is the government formed by Count Yamamoto while the capital of the empire was being rock- d by earthquake and swept by flames, i 1 hi empir party to Bureaucrats. Kaku-shin ( neither Visco » were members. in abilit " militaristic peo say that