Evening Star Newspaper, September 16, 1923, Page 42

2 THE EVENING STAR, With Sunday Morning Edition, WASHINGTON, D. C. SUNDAY.....September 16, 1023 THEODORE W. NOYES. Busisess Oftice, 11th New York Office d 8t. Chicago Oftice er Buildiog. European Otfice: 16 Regent 8L, London, England. g Star, with the Sunday morning by earriers within the city Iy only, 45 cents per month, _O; ephone M carriers st the The Eve dition. Ts de at 80 cents po mout) ders may be w B0, end s mude by Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. aryland and Virginia. nd Sunday..1yr., $8.40; 1 mo., ] only 11 yr. $6.00: 1 mo. Sunday only. 1y, $2.40; 1 mo. All Other States. 0 50c 20¢ 85¢ ., 80¢ 25e Member of the Associated Press. ed Pre republie r not oth this paper and also the local news pub- Yished here All rights of publication of #pecial dispnfohos horein Assoet The Gasoline Puzzle. Next Thursday conf motorists will be held at Cleveland to plan action for a complete surve the Delegates from the countr: is to start reason why gas states are charged while in a gasoline situation. 1 ughout ttend. inquiry us The into th ers in som purpose ar line from other 3 cents a gallon, buy this necessary 15 eents a gallon. remarkable discrepancy in Zled the coun- gasoline price Yécted by war condi- up from between 5 to 10 llon to from 25 to 30 cents. eved, was not just in the de in the cost fuel were and had no ey can fuel for from 1 This gasoline try tic ran cents a ga The ju ficd by the actual increase mand Labor. e 2 to es has The pri recer urally the D, Dbe or of The users of the elled o pay the rate 1. v ter down a little per close with brou ubsided af- oline went ! In this the rate remained twenty-five-cent point, fluctuations which slightly lower. Then re. of the western states the Kled b; e executive was brought down tition between the and the larger ates showed simi- e castern price n prices in gencral the close ¢ of the countr to th occasiol cently in one 1hject nd wough the independent was ta comy dea r 1 there arop. 1 such a vir 18 high as tion of a ever, is no pr t indi is obviously ubsurd to maintain markec in gasoline rates as that which now prevails, a dif- ference of 100 per cent, figuring on the lower basis. The differentials in freights do not account for this mar- gin. There no local condit that can conceivably cause such spread of pric wrong, and it veland out what that something is. a wse in the use of e ons a Plainly, some- is the purpos to find g conference has hle has become necessity. incre motor car made it as essential as wi small percentage of profit on the gallon the total sales are imme that the aggregate earnings in the sale of this fuel are very The retailing organiza- tion is not so widely spread out that the profits must be multiplied unduly. There broader range from the actual production to the consumer than in other commodities. The Cleveland conferen sk for sta fi r. At a very s0 Bs heavy is no & slati w n s to curh i may not ¥ tion of law, and probably the no attempt at price fixing by Congress, but at any ratg a full investigation of the subject vill let in light that may itself bring about the reform that so urgently required in the interest of honest mer- chandising. e Machine-Made Punishment. A bit of queer news comes from Winnipeg that the crown prosecutor, prosecuting attorney, advocates me- chanical methods in delivering cor- poral punishment to first offenders. He proposes the use of a machine “'which woujd have instruments varying from a broad paddle to a cat-o-nine tails, and so geared as to deliver punishment with different degrees of severity.” He would have this machine take the place of corporal punishment by hand, and it is said that he believes such an . innovation would materially reduce . the crime record. This crown prosecutor may be a humorist, or he may be a very dull fellow. Winnipeg is not in our west, but in Canada's west, yet in the old st it is believed that throughout the t emphasis is laid on progress. Ma- chine flogging might be superior in some ways to hand flogging. It would save labor and increase the output of puhishment. But in the east corporal _punishment is going out of style, and in most states is out of date. Persons of advanced ideas and morals believe or that handmade corporal punishment | produces no other than bad results, and although machine methods might be time-saving and economical, it is thought here that beating by ma- chinery would not be a forward step. e American buildings in Tokio with- stood the earthquake. Japan will know what to do when she rebuilds her fallen cities. Lignite. i 'We are hearing more of the experi- nrefits which have been made by the “bureaw Of mines to turn lignite into commerclal fuel. Vast quantities of the substance are known to exist in the United States and Canada, and geologists have figured that there are more than a billion tons in this coun- tey, principally in North and South Dakota and Montana. Lignite is par- . tially carbonized fossil wood, occupying an intermediate place between peat and coal. An announcement by the Interior Department says that the lignite of the northwest “is brown, dull, marked- 1y woody in texture, has mo coking + quality, carries a great percentage of mm<isture and disintegrates so rapidly’ on exposure as t) prevent its shipment any distar.ce except during excessively cold northern winters, when it is frozen.” Lignite is inflammable, and | takes fire often from spontaneous com- | bustion, so that its storage in confined spaces is dangerous. It does not ‘‘coke” @s bituminous coal does, and when thrown on a fire disintegrates and passes unburned through grate bars. | The idea that lignite could be made | use of as fuel has long been enter- | tained, and encouraging laboratory ex- periments with it have been numerous. Congress in 1919 appropriated $100,000 for an investigation by the bureau of mines to determine the commercial practicability of producing a solid fuel from lignite. The Canadian govern- ment has expended about a million dollars in experiments for the same purpose. The bureau of mines, at its Pittsburgh station, has carried on a series of experiments, and has de- veloped a carbonizing oven which pro- duces from lignite a substance, called lignite char, which possesses heating properties similar to those of hard coal. In a late statement on this subject the Department of the Interior says that ‘“efforts of the department are now being directed toward the adop- tion of the new lignite carbonization by some commercial concern to make the benefits of this invention available to the coal-consuming public.” 1t may be that we are on the eve of a stu- { pendous increase in our fusl supply, | but it is not expected that this de- | velopment will come quickly. The in- dications are that we will pay extor- tionate prices for coal for a considera- ble time. But in the background is the possibility, even the probability, that the vast lignite deposits of the coun- try will become available as fuel. e e America's Help to Japan. Washington's showing in the Japa- nese relief fund is most gratifying. | With an originally assigned quota of $50,000 the total collections in the Dis- trict at the close of the past week was $114,551.06, and the subscriptions continue to come. There is no reason to believe that they will cease, for it has become evident that the need in Japan is still most urgent, and that no matter how much is subscribed for the purchase of materials more will still be necessary. Japan's require- ments, in fact, may almost be said to be beyond the reach of supply. In the general fund for the whole country the first quota of $5,000,000 has been passed, and the eight-million point is closely approached. There can be little question that by the end of the week this national fund will reach $10,000,000. Undoubtedly, the prompt and lib- 1 response to the call for funds was due to the implicit confidence felt by the public in the American Red Cross. When the first call for help went forth it was made explicitly clear that every dollar given would be spent wholly for the relief of the stricken Japanese people. All of the organization ex- penses of the American Red Cross are cared for out of the endowment funds of that institution. Thus there is no of resources in sending re- ief to Japan. The money is spent this country almost wholly, and th supplies themselves are shipped direct. Iy. In many c have contributed goods at cost. The record of instant helpfulness that has been written by this country in the Japanese disaster is one of {which the American people will always be proud, and which cannot fail to win the warm friendship and enduring con- fidence of the Japanese. f It appears impossible for the Presi- dent of the United States to write even a simple note of earnest con- ossip to a suspicion that his utter- ance may have some deep-hidden sig nificance. out complaint to see a championship contest in the prize ring. It is worth something to have a widely agitated question settled quickly and emphati- cally, even if not permanently. Rumors that they have departed {this life are so frequent that both themselves politically at least to the } extent of an official denial. ‘Whatever may be his opinion of the league of nations, an Italian states- man is likely to forfeit popular con- fidence by speaking as if he had never heard of it. Chicago is always asserting a rivalry of New York. The Illinois metropolis {now claims to be the “wettest” city lin the country. The “Pony Express.” The modern transcontinental pony express riders have beaten the time made by those riders who carried mail and parcels between the Missouri river and the Bay of San Francisco before the building of railroads across the western wilds. The revival of the old express was attended with interest in the west, and attracted a fair meas- ure of attention in the east. Pioneer and frontier celebrations are frequent in the west, and a large part of the people hold the early days in affection. Those days were not so long ago, and i the stage coach, emigrant wagon train and express riders are remembered by many persons. In parts of the west the stage coach of the “Deadwood” {rpe is mot extinct, but one has to travei far in the wilderness to find it. Where railroads have not penetrated the gasoline car has. The seventy-five relay riders from St. Joseph or “St. Joe,” Mo., to San Francisco were on the road 158 hours and eight minutes, or a little more than six and @ half days, making an average speed of thirteen -and three- quarter miles an hour. The schedule of the old pony express was 200 hours, 1or a little over eight days, at an aver- age of 10.7 miles an hour. The new pony express made the trip in less time than the mixed emigrant and freight trains made it in the '70s and '80s over the Union Pacific and Cen- tral Pacific, and required but little more time to make the crossing than was taken by first-class passenger trains in the '70s. The present feat is entertaining, but not especially significant, Horses and es great corporations | gratulation without arousing political | The public pays liberally and with- | Lenin and Trotsky ought to assert| THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D C., SEPTEMBER 16, 1923—PART 2. A Lesson in Real Americanism i Capital Si Given by Son of an Immigrant T men were picked for the effort, znd Iono “relay” was @il that wae expected of horse or man. The old pony express started every day and arrived every day, and horse and man had a set task for each twenty-four-hour period. The horse, after going his sectlon of the route, rested and went back at the same pace he came. The 1923 horse and rider had only one task to per- form, and then could rest indefinitely. Very likely there was easier going for the horses of 1923 than for those of sixty to seventy years ago, and there was certainly less danger from In- dians and bandits. But it was an in- teresting job and was well done. ——— An. Important December Meeting. The meeting of the republican na- tional committee, which Chairman John Adams now expects to call for the second week in December in the National Capital, cannot fail to have great political significance and effect. Ostensibly the meeting is for the purpose of selecting the next conven- tion city and of fixing the date of the gathering of the republican hosts. But the republican leaders from all parts of the Union will be gathered in com- mittee meeting for the first time under the changed conditions arising out of the death of the late President Hard- ing. It may be expected that senti- ment regarding the nomination of the next republican standard bearer will rystallize. More and more, as the country and the political leaders watch President Coolidge and his administration of the government, the conviction grows that he is to be the nominee to succced himself. ¥rom Florida and Missouri, from New England and Ohio and from the Pacific coast comes the word that the former Vice Presidert and present Chief Executive is looked to as the successor of Mr. Harding, not only for the remainder of the present term of office, but also for the nomination in 1924. The renomination of Mr. Hard- ing had been conceded. Senator Hiram Johnson of California, regarded as a probable contender for the nomination, in a letter to a friend had indicated he would not make the race. With the death of the late Presi- dent, however, it was immediately uggested that the race was open to all contenders; that the favorite sons would all toe the mark at the mext convention. President Coolidge has been in of- fice only one month. The impression which he has created, however, is as | deep as six months or a year might have effected. The talk of an open race is fading away, and in its place more and more confidently is heard the prediction of a Coolidge nomina- tion. . ——— Fhe Prince of W s going to visit his ranch in Canada for a rest. Inci- dentally, the prince may be moved by a certain curiosity as to whether all the things the films portray in con- nection with Canadian ranches are true. ——— As they chat together on the steam- v Will Hays may learn it deal about diplomac dor Harvey gets a valuable in- ight into that new and powerful me- dium of public —_——— Germany realizes the fallacy of a currency systemr which leaves a man who receives a satchel full of paper marks in return for a dollar bill uncer- tain as to whether he has been short- changed. ——— There are great attractions in diplo- macy, but Col. Georgo Harvey appears to the casual observer like the type of publicist who would rather edit | than be edited. { ——— i The dirigible, uncompromisingly dis. | credited during the war, is now being { given a chance to forget the past and | behave itself. ——— By looking over the reports for months back it will be seen that the anthracite strike ran very closely to schedule. e e SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. 1 Belated Pral When first 2 man for office tries, They roast him to a turn. He has his friend: vet mone denies There's much for him to learn. But when at last he's taken ill, In sympathy we gaze, Endeavoring with a generous will To load his name with praise. The simple truth we scorn at first, In merciless complaint. When one is well we think the worst. ‘When sick, he is a saint. Why should we not an average strike, And frankly seek to say The truths a healthy man might like To cheer him on his way? No Wet Plank For Him, “Will you stand for a wet plank in your party platform?” “No,” answered Senator Sorghum. “I don't want to give my antagonists a chance to hand me that proverb about the wicked standing in slippery places.” Jud Tunkins says'it's a lucky man who gets back from a vacation with- out looking more tired than when he started. Human Possession. The man who wants to own the earth ‘We'll prize, beyond a doubt, If he can get his money's worth And leave the earthquakes out. Misleading Print. “You can’t believe all you see in print “No,” replied Uncle Bill Bottletop, “'gpecially if it's on a fancy licker label.” Local Pride. “Do you get your gowns from Paris?” ot any more,” answered Miss Cayenne. “We've gotten so’we can make 'em look just as queer and cost just as much right in our own home town. “Don’t limit your piety to Sunday,’ said Uncle Eben. “Old Satan will be puffickly satisfied if every sinner gives him a six-day’ week.” * 4 . while Am. | ty. the motion picture. | BY THOMAS R. MARSHALL, Former Vice President of the United States. Early in April, 1917, @ young man I Rad never met sought an interview with me. His name I shall not attempt to spell.” 1 can’t pronounce it even yet. Had one been searching for an American this young man would have been the last among the hundred and ten million he would have picked be- cause of his foreign mame. I found him to be a fine, upstanding chap of about thirty years. He was engaged in a business which required his per- sonal attention, and, T learned, the moment he ceased to give it his own attention the business would cease to be. He was convinced that it was his duty to enter the Army, and his intel- ligence and experience made it prob- able that he could serve his country better as an officer than a private. At the time we had not yet learncd how much show of force it would be necessary for us to make in order to impress the imperial German govern- ment with our deliberate intention to sacrifice, if need be, every dollar and every man to the winning of the war. It was at an hour when I thought that there would be plenty of foot- loose volunteers to meet all the nocds of the republic. 1 was informed of the struggle that the man had made to develop the business in which he was engaged and I failed to see how just then either duty or desire would induce him to sacrifice the results of his enterprise in order to furnish one more man or one more officer to the expeditionars force. His language and conduct so {mpressed me that T ventured to inquire what was behind his burning zeal to get into the Army and to et in at once. His answar was a story of how right-thinking persons become loyal, devoted, seif- Sacrificing Americans *® ok K It was tho story of his family. T need not name the country of his ancestors. Tt is sufficient to say that in the 40's of the last century a flame for the freedom of a people had flashed, secking to burn up the tyran- ny of centuries. 1t had been snuffed out. The young man's father, left an orppan at of age, brought to the United States, where he fell into the hands of a sturdy farmer in_one of the eastern states Amid rural eurroundings he boyhood. He was sixteen when the civil war began. Day after duy the urge grew stronger within him to fly to the defense of the Union. Duy after duy the old farmer and his wife pleaded with the boy to stay at home, as he was the sole staff of their declining years. And the bright June morning as he was lowing the plow in peace the urge lor duty and love for his countrv he- |came o strong that he dropped the lines, left the horses standing in the He * four year: was field, went to town and enlisted followed the ensign of the republic through battle, murder and, sudden ldeath for four long years of that aw {ful conflict. When Grant, at Appo- mattox, guaranteed the peace and per petuity of our land, he returned home, married and took up again charge of the duties of peaceful eiti- zenship. To him was born the young {man who visited me * From the this young man learned that not a day ever went by while he was at home that his father of foreign birth did not impress upon his mind the idea that America was s super-father, that to it and to the preservation of its institutions he should fortunc and his lips of Up to July, 1914, the financial ma- chinery of modern industry worked. It creaked a little here and there, but it did go. It worked because the world functioned as an economic {unit—as a single organism. Tha nearly half a billion people of { Europe were able to live and increase { their standard of living because Lu- {rope had become the workshop of the world. America sent cotton and cop- per to England and Germany, and {these countries became the chief {makers of textiles and electrical |goods. Europe had become “unified, interdependent, organic and sedsi- tive,” resulting in a rise in the stand- lard of living of the average man in ispite of an increase in the popula- tion of from 125,000,000 in 1500 to 1475,000,000 in 1913 { So at this point we can lay down {as fundamental the propostition that- { the modern European civilization lives land develops by international trade. iThe basis of international trade is i the ability of customers to buy. That ability ugain is the result of produc- things and can exchange them for others. So production, backed up by a competent machinery of exchange, i9 the foundation of the modern life. * ok kK In our last article we saw that up to 1914 a competent machinery of ex- change for international trade had been built up. That it was in the last analysis based on gold as the final means of settling trade bal- iances between nations. While there | were criticismy of the system from {time to time, the fact remains that jevery great and prosperous Euro- pean nation in 1914 was using the gold basis for settling trade balances. If one nation owed $100,000,000 to another nation, the first nation could square accounts by sending over an equal amount of goods and services, or send that amount of gold, or give a part of each. The gold settlement was universal and standard. The international gold standard of exchange implied two im- portant assumptions: (1) That the amount of gold reserve behind the different national bank notes was in- ternationally known and recorded, and { with such a record confidence in the several currencies was created; and (2) gold, having an international ex- change value, moved freely from country to country. Let either of these assumptions cease to exist and the machinery of international trade fails to function, the gold point breaks and production slows down. Let us see what happened. Of the 480,000,000 people in Europe, 440,000, 000 were engaged in the great war from 1914 to 1918. The expense was titanic. Every method of financing was resorted to in order to raise money. The expenses of the Euro- pean governuents engaged in war oxceeded the receipts from taxation by $159,000,000,000. * * ¥ X In this financial debauch the cur- irency likewise became affected. New notes not convertible in gold appear- ed in every country. With every fresh issue of unsecured and “irredeemable” paper notes two things occurred: (1) Prices for all articles rose within countries, and” (2) the rate of ex- change became harder and harder to hold at the gold point. Inflation had sot in. Inflation, the printing of un- limited paper money to meét govern- the dis- | < tlon, and can only go on if those | customers themselves are producing | if necessary. He was taught that so glorious was America that service in her name could not be contracted for by one of her sons, that whatever could be done to preserve America should be done without any thought of payment or reward, that service to America must not be considered in the light of a sacrifice, but should be rendered whole-heartedly as the los Ing wervice of a child to its parents. So’ thoroughly had this foreign-born man saturated the intellect and con- sclence of his son with love for the republic that everything in the way of personal success and safety faded away when danger to the republic threatened. 1 need not elaborate. Tt is sufficient to say that the young man got his chance, that he made ®ood in camp, became an officer and served his country and humanity in France. ERE The fortunes of life brought us to- gether again just the other day. He had aged and matured since T saw him in 1917, but he had the same love for his country, the same faith that it was a model for the world, the same ideals as to his relation to his country. He had gathered together the broken skeins of his disrupted business. He was working to re- stors what he had voluntarily thrown away. He was cheerful, hopeful, con- tented. He still held an unwavering and soul-satisfying belief that Amer- ica was the land of fre om and op- portunity. He was ebuilding his life edifice from th ground up. 1 happened to know that the state in which he resided had voted a bonus to Its soldiers, so I suggested that this reward probably had been of aid to him. He told me he had not taken the bonus and had not the slightest intention of taking it. Naturally, I asked hy he was unwilling to ae- cépt this honestly earned and freely given reward for faithful service, 1 am not- sure that I even yet gras his feeling. With a smile that is rarely seen, he replied: “If my wife should give me §5 for a kiss, T would be afraid that she doubted my love.” Agatn, T rercad the lesson. Amer- ica is not birth, nor rank, nor state. America is not native-born nor for- ecign-born. America is just devotion to an ideal. It is the refuge for all who have been storm-tossed upon the seas of political or religious persecu- tion. Tt is for those who belfeve in God, in country. in brotherhood. Tt Is like sunshine and pure air. It can- not be defined. It cannot be dissect- ed. It 1s an attribute to every right. thinking soul. It of justice and truth, large-hearted and chari- table judgment of one’'s fellowmen It is law and order. It is our com- mon parent 0 owes us nothing, but whose n we should pour unstinted sacrifices, I would t could get a clearer conception of the fatherhood of our country. We may make our compari- sons along the lines of home life. We all are children of this nd. ome few of us are sceking te serve: too many of us are begging for favors. Time is being wasted in seck ing ways of preferment. Time being lost in tiiling the opportunities for success. Too little time is being used to impress upon the youth of merica the privilege we hav in erving our count We have con- sumed too many hours in speaking of our duty. Let us begin to use a few hours in drowning our cold, caleulat- g sense of Yluty in isiasm for the oppo have to serve Ame rving her to bring the world i tion a little nearer to the peace- | ful ports of brotherhood. pyright, 1925, 21st Century ™ is love as.) Can Europe Hold Together? 1II—The Break of the Gold Point. BY JOHN F. SINCLAIR. {mental expenses not otherwise met, is |a malignant growth, dangerous, {treacherous and fatal to any soclety lor any government using it. It de- stroys th lives, the liberties and properties of people, and works the same W mutable. It is Europe's most terrible scourge today. F | ure it has no basis for use. A capital {1evy on the property of all citizens to square the national accounts is a vastly wiser policy. The next step, making it illegal to send gold outside of the several coun- tries, was soon adopted. ~And thus the international basis of exchange was shattered and the gold point was broken. i When the war closed, late in 1918, Europe was face to face with mon mental debts, both Internal and ex- ternal, tremendous increase in the cost of living, a disorganized eco- nomic and industrial machine, intense feelings of nationalism. All these Bu- rope in time might correct. But she could not start, because the ma- chinery of exchange had broken. Here is_the_record: In Russia an American dollar in 1914 would purchase 2 rubles; in 1921, 200,000, and in August, 1923, 180,000,000, In Germany an American dollar in 1914 would purchase 4 marks; in 1921, 180, and 12,000,000 in August, 1923, In France an American dollar in {1914 would purchase & francs; in 1921, 10 francs, and now 20 francs. L I Now just what does this mean to modern civilization? It means, and 1 weigh my words carefully and judiciously, that theswhole complex process of production and distribu- tion of our modern life, which is built on sound and trustworthy money, is breaking down. You cannot run a factory if you cannot pay wages at the end of the week that have some tangible meaning to food and clothing and housing. You cannot store and distribute food. You cannot borrow money. You cannot lend. You can- not give credit. You cannot accept contracts for delivery of goods at & future time. So it means slowing down production. It means that those countries suffering from bad money iare being forced into barter. There is no class of human beings who can get along without money except the peasant, and Europe—beginning with Russia and spreading westward—is rapldly relapsing toward a peasant life. You say what does this mean. Tt means that people can live at the peasant level, but not.so many people can live at that level, not nearly so many people. A country like Ger- many, which can carry sixty millions of people under conditions of modern industrialism, cannot carry at the same standard of living twenty mil- lions of peasants. And so we are faced with a Europe which, country after country, i becoming aware that its population contains superfluous millions. What is going to happen to these scores and scores of millions if the modern industrial life goes? It means, this dying down-of the or- ganization of efvilization which fol- lows upon. the collapse of the money, pestilence, disorder, misery and death. A great drying up of culture and science and art in general, and of old people and children in particular; it means death in a million wretched shapes until the stricken and shat- tered countries are able to readjust, if they ever do readjust, somewherec down there at the level of the new dark age. Next—*“Inflation and Deflation—Twin Brothers i3 Crime." (Copretght, 1028, 4u Calted States and Great ritain by North American Newspaper Alliance, All rights resetved.), 2 war mess.|conserving as | i | ! 1 |the funa. lwwas a mignty se d_e]ights BY WILL P, KENNEDY. Friends of the late Representative Sherman E. Burroughs of New Hamp- shire—and no man in public life in recent years had endeared himself more to his associates—will be grati- fied to hear that the full sum of $50,000 has been raised for the Sher- man E. Burroughs memorial fund. Mr. Burroughs proved himself es- peclally a friend of Washingtonians by fathering the leglslative proposal to glve residents of the District of Columbia voting representation in Congress and in the national election. The completion of the fund is an- nounced by John R. McLane, who was a law partner of Representative Bur- roughs and is acting as treasurer of The purpose of this fund is three- fold. First, there will be available each year o stated income the New Hampshire Children's Aid and Protective Society can be cer- tain, to be used to broaden the scope of the work of that organization. Second, the society has been prom- ised a gift of $50,000. contingent upon the collection of the subscriptions to this fund. The income from this additional gift is to be used for work among the crippled children of New Hampshire. Third, the fund will prove a fitting memorial for the late Sherman E. Burroughs, the first president one of the founders of the soci Service was the keynote of splendid_ career of Representative Burroughs. The extent to which he realized his ambitions and desiresfon this line was emphasized in all the tributes which followed his untimely and much lamented death at Wash- ington on January 27, and especially in the memorial exercises held in th Capitol. One of the ways in which, during the last years of his life, this desire to serve his fellow men found very useful expression was in his work as president of the New Hamp- shire Children's Aid and Society. of which and Protective o E N Representative Joseph - Jefferson Mansfield, from the famous gulf coast district of Texas, says he is not su- perstitious at all, but that no induce- ment on earth could cause him to burn a stick of sassafras wood. He says that in his early boyhood, just after the close of the clvil war, coffee in Wayne county. W. Va, where he then lived, was regarded as a great luxury and was as scarce us cooking stoves, which none but the rich and the near rich could afford. The prin- cipdl table beverage of the country folks consisted of a tea made from the roots of sassafras tree, which could be found growing in any of the nearby woodland There was a persistent superstition in that section of the county to the effect that bad luck would certainly foilow those who would burn or otherwise destroy sassafras trees. On one occasion during a very cold win- ter, while “snaking” in with a yoke of steers a few saplings for fuel, e chanced to cut down and drag in nice sassafras tree. The tree was cut into cordwood lengths and placed on the fire before any member of the family had noticed that it was the forbidden sassafras, but when the dis- covery was made a great commotion ensued, and for a time it appearcd as though he might be called upon to seek living quarters elsewhere than in the ancestral farmhouse. Even the neighbors discussed the matter, pre- dicting that bad luck of some kind would surely follow in short time. Two days later Mansfield was mer- cilessly manhandled when he got the st and only thrashing he ever re- ceived at school. He says that he can still feel the sting of the rawhide that was applicd from shoulder to calve: on thut never-to-be-forgotten occa- slon. The same week an overflow oc- curred in Beech fork of Twelve Pole river. on which the f: ivi t the time. and W away brand-new “staked and rider” fence he had just finished building around the eight-acre field he cxpected to plant in corn with the coming spring- time. The overflow came with the close of a long, cold winter, and great quantities of ice were washed out, proving destructive to property gener- ally, but perhaps nowhere doing mare damage than to the public roads. The Beech Fork road at the time skirted along the bank of the stream, at Some pla on the top and at other, on the side and at still other places un- der the bank, and almost or quite at the water's edge. Level farm land re commodity in that of West Virginia, and the located with a view to much as possible of that valuable asset. and not wasting it for road purposes. For several days after the flood had subsided public travel on Beech fork was reduced to a minimum on section roads were | account of the roads being blocked with great gorges of ice in some places and washed completely away t other places. Right in the midst of this condition of affairs the family meal bin became empty, and young Mansfield, who was the mill boy of the outfif, was placed with a two- bushel sack of shelled corn on the hurricane deck of Old John, the family horse, and started for the mill at the falls of the river some six or seven miles away. He soon found the road well-nigh impassable even for a sure-footed, steady going old farm horse. Upon reaching a point about half way to the mill he found the road completely blocked with driftwood and huge blocks of ice a foot or more in thickness, and piled to a height of six or seven feet. He attempted to ride around this obstruction on the side next to the river, but thera was mnot sufficient room’ without riding on a large block of ice in the narrow passageway lying at an angle of about ten degrees and _extending to the bripk of the river bank. When Old John confi- dently stepped on this block of ice, his feet shot from under him, and horse, corn and rider slipped’ over a six-foot embankment into the river and were completely sub- merged for a time in the ice-cold water, When they camo to the sur- face they were widely separated; Old John swam out on one side. Mans- fied on the other, and the sack of corn swiftly floated down the stream. Representative Mansfleld says that a number of things nearly as bad happened to him within the next few weeks, all of which became generally known to the community and were a general topic of conversation. When- ever he chanced to meet any of his nelghbors he was severely upbralded for burning sassafras wood, and many of them Job-comforted him by declaring he deserved all that was meted out to him. sir, I am not the least bit superstitious,” asserts Representative Mansfield. “The numbers 13 and 23 have no terror for me whatever; I never hékitate to walk under a lad- der any old time—even on Friday the 13th; whole droves of black cats may cross my pathway with impun- ity. but no inducement whatever can induce me to ever again burn a stick of sassafras wood, no matter if the weather goes forty degrees below zero.” * %k k %k Last fall several side issues were introduced into Representative W. A. Ayres' campaign for Congress, for instance, Ku Klux Klan. In some parts of the district Mr. Ayres was accused of belonging to the Klan and in the localities where the Klan Was strong he was accused of being a Knight of Columbus. One day in the city of McPherson a former sup- orter accosted Ayres and said, °I Rave always supported you, but can't do it any longer.” On belng asked why, he said, “Because you are a Knight of Columbus.” Avres told him he was not and was not eligible as he was not a member of the Catholle Church. The voter said, “Oh, yes, you are, because I got it straight, Yesterday, you have a priest for a pastor.” Ayres answered, “So I have, that's true. My pastor is Rve. Walter Scott Priest, pastor of the Central Christian Church, sometimes called the Campbellit The voter said, *Hell, I belong Ayres said, “Then we must both be Knights of Columbus.” : 3 4 l Among the millions who gazed in admiring wonder at the naval Zep- pelin ZR-1 as it maneuvered above New York, Newark, Philadelphia and the intervening cities last week, there were not a few who knew what it meant to be under a fleet of these glant aircraft when their mission over a city was not that of peaceful parade, but one of dire destruction. The whir of the American Zep's propellers was reminiscent of some of the darkest nights in London dur- ing the war. There never was any thrill quite equal to the quiet report sent out over the mews association tickers in the British capital reading something lke this: A fleet of seventeen Zeppelins have just crossed the coast and are headed for London." It was usually about midnight when the news came, and all of the big Zeppelin raids were staged on Saturday nights. The Germans ways clung to the belief that the men of the defending aircraft squadrons about London were away at the sea- shore over the week end and that the city would be at their mercy. De- «pite the logs“of several ships at the hands of the British flying men, the Germans held to the Saturday night raiding program to the bitter end It was the good fortune of the writer to see three Zeppelins brought down in flames from over the out- skirts of Londen, including the first one destroyed at Cufle A blazing rocket shot from an alrplane sent the hostile craft to its doom in a burst of gaseous. fire. * * x That was in the earlier days of the Zeppelin raids and virtually all of London was on the house tops or at windows watching the spectacle %of the hundreds of searchlights seeking :o catch the lone raider in their lat- ticelike beams. A few cannon were teebly spitting shrapnel shells into the air with their xplosive burs )t golden rain. Occavionally ther would be a louder crash as the vis- tor from Germany dropped a deadly bomb. Then out of the darkness overhead came the great red flare. For a mo- ment there was a stunned silence, but the invisible spectators quickly grasped what had happened. ‘The heer which burst over the darkened ity was one never to be forgotten by those who heard it. Probably two million voices were in that cheer. It stretched out over all the miles of the London district It was a great xultant ery of triumph. No long: *ould the Germans id the city at will and get away cot free. That welling cheer was the fune: anthem for twenty-three soldiers of the kai- ser, whose charred and blackened bodles were dug next day from the ckage and given a burial with all military honors 1t was two or_ three weeks later that two more Zeps were brought down within a few minutes of each other, and again all of London gazed in awe-struck wonder. Still later on the Zep raids became positively un- Fifty Years Ago In The Star s | | ‘The subject of corporal puni e schools was under discu: The Punishment = States fifty years of School Pupils. 35:., b growing public sentiment against the practice. In The Star of September 12, 1573, is the following editorial on the subject fon her s in other cities | of the United 'As our school board has been for| some time moving in the direction of the abolition of corporal punishment 1in our schools, it is a matter of inter- est to know what action being taken by intelligent school authorities elsewhere. The subcommittee of the { Boston school board which has been {investigating the subject of corporal { punishment has prepared a report in which the ground is taken in favor of the immediate and final abolishment of such punishment. Nobody asserts or believes, nowadays, that corporal punishment is a desirable method of imulating the brain. It is only advo- cated as a means to be used in the last resort for the correction of gross heedlessness or willful disobedience to authority. Numerous expedients are suggested which may be used to pre- vent idleness and listlessness in the schoolroom, and teachers are advised that it is their duty to devise means of this sort. The committee says: The moré stupld and indifferent the teacher, the more readily is the rod brought into requisition if its use is permitted in our schools. The com- nittee therefore are of the unanimous spinion that there is no one thing by which our teachers can be better stimulated to good works than by re- fusing permission to use the rod and other means of corporal punishment which the veriest dolt of a pedagogue, or even a monkey, would employ, and compelling the teachers to enlarge their ideas on this subject of dis- cipline in their schools and not forego | all_the resources of their intellects and affections to control and guide their pupils for that never failing re- source of stupidity, indolence and self- conceit, “the word and the blow, and the blow first.” “The committee argues that chil- dren, like adults, should not be sum- marily punished for the offenses they commit. Ten chances to one the teacher is in a passion when he in- flicts punishment upon the offending pupils, in which case, the committee thinks, it is much as if the punish- ment for street disorder were in- flicted by infuriated policemen on the 1t is argued that something of the same judicial spirit with which offenses against the law are punished in the courts should be used in the management of the schools. The pen- alty is to be carefully adjusted to the nature of the offense committed and administered with coolness and can- dor. With such methods, it is asserted, ninety-nine cases of misconduct out of every one hundred can be success- fully dealt with. And then comes the hundredth case, in which kindnes and fairness and justice are all un- availing, and a scholar persists in dis- obedience and violent conduct in school. “In points ch a case the committee ut that the proper way for the teacher is to call in the school com- mittee to deal with the pupil and warn his parents of his doings. Under no circumstances should the teacher be subjected to the degradation of Wwhipping a pupil. * ¢ * The committeo enlarges on_the degrading influence of the use of the rod upon the teach- ers themselves. That such an influence is likely, to be exerted while the rod is freely used is undenlable. No doubt the majority of our teachers would gladly be relieved of the disagreeable duty of punishing refractory scholars. The custom of inflicting eovere cor- poral punishments, which often in- volyes a pitched battle between ‘the teacher and - the pupil, necessarily hardens and brutalizes the mind of the former, as well as hurting the body of the latter. el nntnt in | MEN AND AFFAIRS BY ROBERT T. SMALL safe, and the nights lost anti-aircraft defenses to such an ex- tent that the shrapnel shells, falling over the city like heavy hail, did far more damage to life and property than the pooriy aimed bombs of + raiders, * % As the ZR-1 sailed stately and s renely above New York city thre. airplanes ecircled about her like hor nets, and it was to hos vulnerable the big dirigibles are to attack from the fast-moving planes Of course the ZR-1 has a great assey in her helium ga; w h is not flammable, but a rain of machi bullets fror cking plane coula puncture all of her balloonettes a send her helpless to carth This very thing happened to one ot the four Zeppelins brought down ovir the American army area of Fran one bright Sund morning. Th Zeps had been on a London raidin: expedition the night before, but had lost their Dbearing and found them over France rmany. a day men! casy see an inst what rench al at the time. Yaviators ericd their machines. jwere doomed it was for We had no plar “Good hunting!” th s leaped fc The Zeps, of course They didn't have chance in the world. Threc sent down in flames, the fourth car down intact with punctured gas ba It landed near a road and its b was broken m striking the ground. Otherwise the giz messenger of death was i condition. In the early day war the Zeps were painted just as the ZR-1 sparkied September sunlight last week the silver made them too good o get when caught by the searchlis and all the later ships were cove in_dead bl ; g There were some. Americ tn En rope during the War mean enoug to hope that a hostile Zeppelin n reach wer uneve bl to the Ameri was spared that or view of a Zeppelin w home York Col. Tillinghast L'Hommedicu Iiu ton, one time half owner of the York Yanks. who is just plair Huston to his friends a long trip to the though he and his guests trav a private car, the Cap spent as mu'h time as possible in automobiles, pecial th fine roads in Ca! fornta. Ther awa that road There sight traveling About h: there was Pacific ¢ particu just the away never straight outside Monter ap's fancy like a a _motor whe was one stretch he rihbon cop in craved fast in chunks caught ¢ spread was i garage, wi trically lighted sizn in fr this {s how it read ‘Speed limit, ninety-n | | hour. Fords go to it.” | Heard and Seen Was he disguis The pwner of the |him sound asieen “Now how out of here?” of a friend whom take riding Punch hi just a dirty b or in automobile fo the se going to get the owner was going t back m T asked he car 0" advised the friend Prods and thumps, however, failed to get the desired result. T'll start the car, then maybe he w wake up,” faid the owner, sulting the action to the word The ragged one started up, rubbed his e then scttled back. ret?” he asked sharply replied triy retortec S You will not.” “You get out out.” said the car owne car, and In an hour or two the autemobilis came back to his office, parked his car, and went in. @&s he crossed the street he noticed his friend, the bum asleep in another car. Knowing the owner of the car, the man told him aboyt the unwelcome visitor. The second car_ owner went dow and soon returned to state that he had chased the man away. The first owner thought no morg of the ma ter until an hour later, When a came in and said Say, what's the matter with v car? There is a big crowd around “Don't know,” briefly replied other. with a sinking heart He hurried down to the strect. “What's the matter here?” he ask of one'in the crowd. “There's a.man in your car throv ing a fit,” came the reply. There was the bum, clawing at t cushions, kicking around real lively “I told that bum to keep out « my car,” roared the distressed owne A call was put in for an ambulance But before it could arrive the su ferer recovered “What's the matter with vo asked the owner, sympathetic desp his protest against the usage o auto for sleeping quarters. “Well, boss, I was in the w war,” said the other, “I got to dre: ing I was in the trenches again, : fighting the war all over. then: Then he got out of the car walked away, before the ambul arrived, and nobody stopped hi The children still furnish the with their sayings. Two little ones in the section of the city re much time painting post cards to heip raise money for a church fund. The cards really .were very looking, too. “Maybe if we help God one of the children, “He us out some time.” * »% Moving time is at hand. Vans ure going from one place the city to another, and moving th populace hither and von. They from apartments into hou: from houses to apartments: apartments to gpartments and houses to still other houses. My friend Sonny stood, in his fiv years of manhood, watching th movers take the household. good- downstairs. . He called to the chief mover. ‘There is just one meré furnitur- teft!” he erled. CHARLES northw. cently spe nice bu will ar fr fro E. TRAGEW ELL.