Evening Star Newspaper, July 1, 1923, Page 1

WEATHER: Fair today toinwutun. light Tem) ended at 10 76.9; lowest, Full report on page 6. No. 28,915. MODIFIED DRY LAW 1S OFFICIALS' HOPE -953.—No. TOAVOID TANGLES” British and French Peoples Aroused at U, S. Seizure of Ship Liquors. GRAVE SITUATION SEEN IF POLICY CONTINUES Government's Desire to Prevent Trouble Seen in Half-Hearted Enforcement. BY ROBERT T. SMALL. The attempt to enforce-the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Volstead act agalnst foreign ships in New York harbor presents todays the unprec- edented spectacle of the government being forced to bring about what is admittedly a “grave international sit- uation” over an application of the prohibition law which the govern- ment officials themselves believe that Congress never intended. President Harding himself, has in- dicated a purpose to ask the next Congress to modify the Volstead act 50 as to permit foreign ships to bring with them under seal wines and lig- ours for their return voyage—the in- toxicants to be used wholly without the territorial waters of the United States. Predicts Amendment. Albert D. LasKer, retiring head of the Shipping Board and one of Pres- ident Har@ing’s intimates, has just 1ssued a statement saying that he be- lieves the next Congress will amend the Volstead law as indicated by the President. . Mr. Lasker says further that it is all wrong to suppose that a fanatical interpretation of the dry law will serve as an aid to American ehipping. In other words, Mr. Lasker believes that If the American prohibition law is applied so stringently as to bar toreign ships from American harbors means would be found to bar Amer- ican ships from forelgn harpors and an unthinkable internationual situ tion created. In such circumstances America would be s effeotually shuf off from the rest of the world beyond the dreams of the most nrdent isola- tionist. 4 Drastie _Aetion, Vital. The governnient is being compelled to go forwprd todsy with drastic steps in the enforcement of & phzse of the Volstead law which the gov- ernment itself will seek to have mod- erated as soon as Congress meets. At best it is rather an anomalous situ; tlon. If the Volstead act were an ordinary domestic law there would be tolerance on the part of the govern- ment. There has been tolerance in the past, following unexpected court de- cisions which have given an unusaul and extraordinary twist to a law. But in the enforcement of the prohi- bition laws there can be no tolerance on the part of the public servants in ‘Washington. They realize that the sentiment of the dry element in the United States is net a sentiment of tolerance, but instead a militant vigilance, which permits no offictal with a political future at stake to remain idle for a moment. One of the Inconsistencies of the perplexing situation, which has had Washington all topsy-turvy for the entire past week, is the fact that foreign vessels may sail through the American waters of the Panama canal heart whole and fancy free with all the liquor on board that they care to carry. Of course, this liquor is not te be used on the trip through. . The Panama canal is excepted from the operations of the Volatead act, yet the waters of that cross-isthmus route are as much the waters,df the United 3 "éfi’"“ those ol New York P2 e '4‘ A IStmilaricr ‘t the.fact that Con;reu had no intention of interfering with international commerae to the extent of closing the Panama canal to rum- laden vessels merely because the United States chooses to bar all in- toxicating liquors in its own terri- tory, the government officfals here teel that Congress had no intentlon of barring from New York harbor for- elgn vessels having on board liguors protected by the customs seals of thelr respective countries, Knowing the extent of the senti- ment here in Washington in favor of & modification of the law to meet the situation, the adminisration, nevertheless, has no choice but to go ahead and enforce the law to the letter. It fs not to be wondered that the officials are going about 'the task with-a lick of enthusiasm’ bor- dering -almost upon reluctance.. There is no indignation in Wash- ington _officlaldom at anything that has been said or done by the British thus far in the rum dispute, ‘The position here is that there has Been no fault on either side. The- British and French had & right 6 test the sentiment in this countfy. 'Thers is every reason to believe that in some manner ‘word wa# conveyed to the foreign governmepts that perhaps the United States would wink at the presence, of sealed liguors on board the ligers until such time as Con- gress could pass specifically upor’ this ph@se of the prohibition guestion. It was even reported in this country that ordinary liquor.supplies aboard the passenger boats might be treated as “medicinal”’ and free from inter- terence. The mere printing of that report was enough to condemn it 4 tomorrow; mild ? an o mlld for twan """',im. Iast night: Highest, ot ‘mours Entered 4. e as l-n.':ln -class ln-tu' Harding Party WASHINGTON Is Thrilled By Wonders of Yellowstone hird Visit Wonderful, But Not Quite So Awe-Inspiring, Is Mrs. Harding’s Appraisal of Day’s Visit. By the Associated Press, YELLOWSTONE PARK, Wyo., June 30.—Yellowstone Park, one of na- ture's wonderlands, was viewed to- day by President and Mrs. Harding, s they interrupted thelr western trip to visit the national playground. The chief executive and Mrs. Hard- ing, with members of their party, rode many miles through the park after arriving early in the day at the Gardiner, Mont., entrance, and tonight they rested within a stone's throw of Old Falthful geyser. The ride today followed the route from Mammoth Hot Springs, where breakfast was served, past the Golden Gate Roaring mountain, the Norris geyser basin, the lower and upper geyser basin to the inn at Old Faith- ful. Secretary Work of the Interior, whose department administers the na- tional parks, and Horace M. Albright, superintendent of the park, rode with Mr. and Mrs. Harding. Nelther Needs Guide. Neither the President nor Mrs. Harding needed a gulde, however, as it was their third visit. In the words of Mrs. Harding, though today's trip was “quite as wonderful, although not so awe-in- spiring as the two previous visi The party twice left thelr auto- mobiles on the road, once at the VICE PRESIDENT OF VENEZUELA SHOT Brother of President Gomez Assassinated in~ Bed. Whole Nation Mourns. By the Assoclated Press. CARACAS, Vepgezuela, June, 30.— Gen: Jukn C. Gotnes, first vice Prast: dent of Venezuela and goveftior of the federal district, was assassinated in bed last might, says an oficial bulletin {ssued today. Priorto: shbhSan issuance of the bulletin: a reportwis current that Gomez had dled suddéni this morning. Eight days’ official mourning bas been decreed. Gen. Gomez was popu- lar, and his death has given Fi#e to evidence of grief ' everywhere.: He was the brother of the presfdent of the republic Juan V. Gomes, and was elected to office by cnngren lml;ua. 1922, FIND WOUNDED MAN IS BANDITS’ VICTI Joseph Wells, Taken to Hospital, Says Hold-Up Man Shot Him for Denying He Had Money. Shot by a colored hold-up man when he refused to comply to de- mands for money, Joseph Wells, col- ored, thirty-five years old, residing on 6lst street northeast, was found lying in the Bckington railroad yards early today by a special officer. He was taken to Casualty Hospital, where physicians hold out little hope for his recovery. Before lapsing into unconsciousnes: Wells told the police that his as- sailant. robbed’ him of $35 after de- liberately- opening”fire on him when he disclaimed possession of funds. Marconi, Using | Norris geyser basin and ai the lower geyser basin. At the first stdp the party was over a crust of limestone and it was unsafe to stop off. As the mem- bers of the party proceeded carefully, vapor clouds swept about them from the bolling waters on elther side. The party viewed Constant, Whirliglg. |and Valentine geysers and also the new opening of the Black Growler. On leaving the Norris basin the President’s attention was called to a new geyser named after him. It was not in play at the time, but another one was. This was pointed out to him as the Congress geyser, 0 named because of its continuous play. See Geymer in Action. Whether by coincidence or by ar- rangement of the party's schedule, Riverside geyser, one of the largest in the park, with a play interval of seven hours, burst into action just as the presidential party arrived be- side it and shot a stream of water and vapor half way across Firehole river, Another section of the park, in- cluding its famous canyon and great lake, will be visited tomorrow, after which the presidential party will continue the western trip, with a stop Monday afternoon and night at Spol ‘Wash. ILEGIONS OF ALIENS POURINTO AMERICA Italian Liner First to Dock in Wild Race Up Hudson After Midnight. By the Associated Press. NEW YORK, July 1—The Ttalian liner Bresidents Wilsom. from Tries with 776 aliens aboard, was the firsi of the waiting fleet of immigrant cars riers. to cross the imaginamy. premiey ] fime, and galn admittance to the. United States under the new|. quotas of the ‘restricted Immigration law. \ The French steamer Canada, from Pireaus, Greece, with 949 immigrants aboard, was second. ‘Thé Danish steamship Polonfa from Libau, with 741, was third. The Presidente Wilson was officially timed at two minutes after midnight, the Canada a minute latér and the Polonia at 12:04. Other ships entered in the follow- ing order: King Alexander, British, Frm Pirasus, with 1,328 immigrants, o France, French, from Havre, 878 stuckholm. Swedlish, from Gothenburg, §1,001; New Amsterdam, Dutch, Rot- terdam, 899; President Adams, Unfted States, London, 245; Washington, United States, Constantinople, 131, and the Aquitania, British, Southampton, 813. Some time before the race began &wo police boats went down to Graves- end bay to patrol among the vessels and keep order in the race. It was reported that a large number of pri- vate launches went out in the lower 1bay to meet the vessels, some carry- ing friends and relatives of the im- migrants, making a trafic ‘problem for the police. Eleven thousatid immigrants from 42 countries last night impatiently wait- od on twenty:four liners in Grave sand bay for the race into quaran: tine and admittance to the United States. Scores of allens who leaned (Continued on: Page 2, Colunin 8.) New Waves, May Revolutionize Wireless By Cahle to The Star, . LONDON, June 30.—The fact that hie had devised a new appara- tus which would revolutioni: present methods in. wireless has been divulged by Guglielmo Mar- coni, who just returned to Fng- land from an experimental cruise in his yacht, Electra, off the West African coast. “I am convinced,” he told a party of M. P.’s “that. by means of the new devices which I have been able to test, communicatiorl by radio will become more efficlent, rapid and economical than it is at present.” <As it is well known that Mar- cont iw extremely reticent with re- gard to inventions not as yet com- pleted, this official hint coming as to new developments in wireless made a great impression. ‘Detatls are Withheld, Actnll detalls of the inventions are not available, but it 18 known that . Marcon! "has succéeded In * transimitting mc-’cr" to dis- tances of 2,250 miles,” not only’ with a very much amaller amount of Ipower energy, but faster and much cheaper than QMQ’OV«!-]IIAQ‘-. oft “equatorial to Marcont . House 'heré_with use of less power than’ for an ordinary message from not been used before. “By use of the new wave,” he sald, “we have obtained a clearer communication from small sta- tions than from bigger stations We were in a region where at- mospheric disturbance is bad, and if messages had not been sent through the new experimental plant they would not have been recelved on the yacht at all.” Sees Big Pesafbilities. The famous.-wireless expert is confident that the- invention holds Sreat possibllities for the future of wireless. “Bven now,” he said, “it should be possible to transmit ever 1,000 miles with power as low as two kilowatts or three to ‘four horse- power and with & w of of ‘signals.” _ _The new recelving apparatus is similar to that in use at pregent, with only ‘alight modifications, and the speglal value, apart from cheapening of costs, -Is the Tact that elimination of disturbances s insured from the transmitting end ¥y the employment ot a new wave. In the coursesof & few months ap- paratus will be installed through- out the whole Marcon! system. but befors then Marcon! intends. to | carry out more experiments in the -new mothod : for. | e at: shortly after midnight, | WITH DAILY EVENING EDITION D. C, SUNDAY BELCUANS IN SWIT REPRISAL FOR RUAR BLAST KILLING TEN Burgomaster and 16 Other Officials and Citizens of Duisburg Arrested. told that the boardwalk was laid |’ PUBLIC PLACES CLOSED; LIMIT USE OF STREETS Gen. Degoutte, Commander of Oc- cupation Forces, Decrees Cities Must Pay Sabotage Claims. By the Associated Press. DUISBURG, June 30.—The burgo- master of - Duisburg, ‘twelve other city officlals and four prominent citi- zens were arrested this afternoon by the Belgian military authorities as hostages in connection with the ex- plosion of a bomb on & Belgian troop train crossing the Rhine bridge here this morning. Nine Belgian soldiers were killed outright by the explosion, one died later of his wounds, and forty-three persons, nine of them Germans, were injured. The latter, who were on their way to work, were in a car ad- Joining that was occupied by the troops and were hit by splinters of wood d metal. Army surgeons tonight sald three of the wounded would probably die. Publie Places Closed. The first penaltles imposed upon Duisburg by the Belgians after the explosion inclided , the closing for an indefinite period of all cafes, res- taurants, theaters and motion pic- ture houses and public gathering places. Street care, automoblles and | motor cycles are forbidden the use of the streets and pedestrian traffic, except in the cases of doctors, is pro- hibited from 10 pm. to 5 am. In addition, fic Germans in this district will be given traveling permits. e steel bridge on which the ex- plosion otcurred was badly damaged. One lirie of track is out of commis- sion, but the other was restored this afternoon. HOLDS TOWNS LIABLE. _lhem:h V'D_‘pnrce Allo ws. suboh‘e Victims to Sue Cities. RF; June 30.—German | towas-near which, sabatage oocurs.dn the “futdfe “&e Be held:responsibie in every way, under the terms of a decree issued this aft- ernoon by Gen. Degoutte, commander of the occupation forces. ‘The decree gives the families of the victims legal claim for damages upon the municipalities. . According to the hhch the decree has*been prepared for time, byt was proclaimed lqlmlfl}llely effective upon réceipt of the Hews of the troop train bombing at Duisburg. FRONTIER CLOSED 15 DAYS. No Germans to Cross Line of Occu- pled Territory. By the Associated Press. COBLENZ, June 30.—The Rhineland high commission and the Belgian and French military authorities have de- clded to suspend for fifteen days, be- ginning Monday, all crossing of the frontler between the occupted and unoccupled territory by Germans, ex- cept for food transport and urgent reasons. The commission has also adopted as jts own the Belgian penal- ties already imposed on Dulsburg. RESENT DEATH SENTENCE. lsrlln Presg ‘Sees Aim to Drown Resistance in Blood. the Associated Press. BERUN June 30.—France wlntl to “drown in German blood the resist- ance to which we have been forced in peace time on the Rhine, the Moselle and the Ruhr,” says the Allgemeine Zeltung press over the sentencing of | seven Germans to death for sabotage Iby & French court-martial in Mayence. The Germans are being executed in an effort to strangle the passive re- sistance campaign, the newspaper charges, but France will not be victor- fous and “this blood will not have flowed in vain” It concludes with the quotation: ‘May some avenger rise from our ashes. The other newspapers comment in a similar strain, expressing the con- viction that these wholesale death sentences must surely awaken the outside world to the “monstrosity” of the French conduct in the occupled area. The list of those condemned, a8 pyblished here, follow: Paul Sasse, allas Schuets, aged twenty-three, a Frankfort building supervisor; Friedrich Maurer, twenty- six, - Augsburg watchmaker; George Grube, twenty-three, Augsburg ma- chinist; Mex Hahe, twenty-six, Ber- lin locksmith; Alfred Schneider, eighteen, Reutlingen domestio; Wil- helm Dreyer, twenty-two, Eichwalde mechanic; Earl Frey, twenty-one, Bodenhelm baker. ¥ © A. Frankfort merchant named Lauth, aged twenty-six, was sen- tenced 'to life imprisonment, and Peter Koehler, aged forty-five, a Bo-, denheim in; knptr. received five yeurs' ‘imprisonment. LOAN CLOSED IN VIENNA. VIENNA, June 80.—The -.IIWQ! CoME ON IN) COME “YES, WE HAVE AX MAY HIT 100 "I MOREATNAVY YARD = Clerks as Well as Mechanics Under Scrutiny for Dis- missal After Raise. Dischargés are facing about 100 clerks In the Washington navy yard as a result of the Increases In wages sllowed by the Navy Department. It was learned last night that as soon as the orders of the department were received at the Washington navy yard every member of the crerical force was notified that it would be neces- sary for each one to take two. days | {olt s weék for the next two weeks un- 3il-the yard officials can deterntine just how, many it will be necessary wa in ordef t6 Keep within the appropriationd. The . clerical - discharge will be sup- plementary:to the discharge of 100 mechanics which already has been or- dered and which took place yester- day. “-\‘l Insufiicient. With the wage increases going into effect immedlately, it was pointed out that the appropriations allotted for work in the Washington navy vard for the fiscal year beginning today are mot sufficient to carry the yard through the year without a deficlency at the rates of wages ordered by the Navy Department. The orders to-the clerical force for two-day-leave periods with the spe- cific information that discharges would be made at the end of the two- week perlod caused much consternation among the clerks, whom, it was first believed, would not be affected by the necessity of cutting. The fact that discharges will have to be made and the information con- veyed to the clerks will likely keep the clerical forces considerably upset during the next two weeks, as no one will know just where the job-slicing ax will fall. Al of the leave, of course, will have to be without pay, and the step is taken in order that the yard officials can assure them- selves that while working out the number it will be necessary to dis- charge they will not use up funds which will be needed later in the year. 16 SURVIVE MONTH IN BOAT IN OPfiN SEA| Last Drop of Water Gone as Life- boat Reaches Is- land. By the Assoclated Pn-. PORT LOUIS, Island of Mauritius, MORNING, JULY 1, 1923.—NINETY PAGES. NO AMBITIONS TODAY’S STAR PART ONE—40 General News—Local N.m«-v. Foreign. The Civilian Army—Page 29, Finana'al News—Pages 30 and 31. fied Advertisements—Pages 32 to nnno News and Gossip—Page 40. * PART TWO—16 Pages. Editorials and Editorial Features. Washington and Other Soclety. Army and Navy News—Page 13. Girts and Their Affairs—Page 15. Parent.Teacher Activities—Page 15. Veterans of the Great War—Page 15. Aviaton Activities—Page 15. Boy Scouts—Page 15, PART THREE—10 Pages. Amusements—Theaters and the Photo- play. Music In Washington—Page 4. Around the City—Page 4. Serial, “The Evil Shepherd”—Page 4. Motors and Motoring—Pages 5 to 7. ‘Fraternitie 4 va Review of New Books—Page Boys and Giris’ Page—Page 9. - PART FOUR—4 Pages. ink- Sprts’ Section. PART FIVE—S Pages. Magazine Section—Featyres and Fiction. ROTOGRAVURE—S Pages. World’s Events In Pictures. COMIC SECTION—4 Pages. Mutt and Jeff; Reg'lar Fellers; Betty; Mr. and Mrs. ANALYSIS AWAITED IN FILIPINO DEATH Verdict of Chemists to Determine ‘Whether Widow and Boarder Go Free. Tests to determine whether Cleto Abing, Filipino butler, died of tuber- culosis of the intestines or poison were conducted in the laboratory of Dr. T. M. Price, District chemist, yes- terday, and on the outcome of the investigation depends the further de- tentlon or release from custody of Mrs. Adeline Eunice Abing, twenty- elght-year-old wife of the deceased, and Vincente Navarro, who says he was Abing’s best friend. Analysis of certain organs of the dead man is the outgrowth of an autopsy performed at the District morgue yesterday by Dr. Herbert E. Martyn, deputy coroner. The report of the chemists at work is being awaited by the police before any ae- tion is taken, and not untli after to- dly will there be any procedure in he case, it was said last night. The tests consisted of placing sec- tions of vital organs in tubes and “cultures” on glass strips, allowing the subjects to' work themselves out during the night, the result of which will determine whether there was poison ih the vital organs of Abing at the time of his death. At the time this process is belng worked out June 30.—The last drop of water had, tests to positively determine whether been drunk and the last biscuit eaten when the second life boat of the British steamship Travessa ar- rived at this island gesterday with sixteen survivors. Twenty-four men got away in this life boat from the Trevessa just befgre she. sank a month ago in the Indtan.ocean, but elght of them nccnmbefl to the bard- ships. Chief Officer Smith told of the ter- rible sufferings ‘the men through. He sald that the eight men who died began drinking sea water ‘when they could no longer with- stand their thirst. The last of them died In sight of land. ' The daily ration was.one biscult for each man and a few drops of water. They added to their original meager “water supply .by catching raln water, When they landed the survivors, ‘gaunt and some ‘of them with long beards, sank ‘to their Xnees and thanked God for their de- liverance. All of them had badly swollen feet from wun:/l.mnrr- ston in salt water. r}mnnmmnum tuberculosis = existed in the “intes- tines, the cause officially recorded for Abing’s death, weére under way. The results will be checked against each other and will be conisidered undoubtedly as. final. CUSTOMS PAY CUT WHEN FUNDS FAIL 8,100 in New York Are Docked $10 Bach and Other Ports Said to-Be Affected. ‘NEW YORK, June 30.—Because the, ‘Treasury Department had’ not pro- wided sufficlent funds to. meet the regular monthly. pay roll, 3,100 .cus- toms officlals and employes here-were. “gocked” 310 each in monthly pay today. The situation. was sald - to have béen caused by the scanty con- gressional appropriatoin for the cus- toms service for thé fiscal year which uM today. & The employ: were told that the deficlency, -amounting: to 331,000, ‘prob- ably would be inoluded in the next went | | department winl ask fo “From Press to Home Within the Hour” The Star is delivered every evening and Sunday morning to Washington 60 cents homes at ‘month, Telephone Main 5000 and service will start immediately. TODAY!” §2,000.000 SOUGHT | FORNEW SEWERS Estimates for 1924 Will Be Largest Sum Ever Asked of Congress. In an effort to correct bad sewage and dralnage conditions existing in all sections of the ci the sewer more than $2,000,000 in the new book of esti- mates, it was reliably learned last night. This is by far the largest sum ever requested by the sewer depart- ment, but officials believe they will ‘e mbls S0 dustity, 16 by 9 sositation the prevatling situation. .\ year ago the sewer fleDlanTl asked Conmu imately $1500,000 And E6E ¥830,000- for the fiscal year, beginning today. Storm Showed Needs. A few weeks ago & storm hit Washington one Saturdsy night and, when the rain had cessed pouFing, parts of Anacostia and Benning were under water and two persons had been drowned. Other nelghborhoods have been less seriously affected by heavy rains. | ""A ‘gestre to prevent a recurrence {of the disaster is one reason for the higher estimate for next year. 'An- other reason {s the fact that the lump sum for running sewer pipes to new dwellings has been so in- Commissioners than the sewer de- partment will be able to do during the coming twelve months. The current appropriation for these house connections is $150,000. The sewer department will ask for approximately $450,000 for mnext year. A large percentage of this money is returned to the Treasury in the form of assessments levied against the property benefited. Rock Creck Project, The sewer estimates also include a request for funds to complete the Rock Creek interceptor all the way to the District line to free Rock Creek of pollution that now flows into it ‘There are other items in the sewer estimates to continue work on the interceptors being constructed to keep sewage out of the upper Poto- mac and Anacostia rivers. From figures available thus far it is apparent that the total estimates submitted to the Commissioners by all degartment chiefs will certainly equal and may exceed the aggregate of $31,5600,000 submitted last year. Federal Items Included. It should be remembered, however, that the Commissioners’ - estimates include a number of large items that come from federal departments. These outside items go into the Dis- trict budget because they are charge- able 60- per cent to local taxpayers. there probably will be approximately $1,600,000 submit- ted by the War Department for con- tinulng work on the new water con- duit being built from Great Falls. Other federal to swell the total ‘of the District's budget are: For maintenance of the public parks under Col. Sherrill; for upkeep .of the Natlonal Zoological Par for the reclamation of the Anacoftia flats and for the Rock creek - and: Potomac parkway com- ‘mission. * When these outside" activities are deducted, therefore, there is constder- ably less than §$30,000,000.left in the District “budget for ‘such munictpal needs as stredts, Sewers, water mains and moh v R..0.: BEHHETT ACOUITTED !'lcrld. Jnry Out ouly Eighteen lh‘hlbfihyh‘ Case. 'uunm, Fla., June 30—Raymond O. Bennett, Jr., wealthy young cltrus de- veloger, = formerly. of -Chattanooga, Tenn!, and Long Island City, N. Y., was found not gulity of the murder of Herbert M. Caruthers, young.lum- bermen, by, a’jury In the criminal adequate in the past that there is| more work already ordered by the| # FIVE CENTS. GOVERNMENT ENDS FISCAL YEAR WITH | MILLIONS SURPLUS Expected Deficit of $823,- 000,000 Turned Into Saving of $310,000,000. RECEIPTS UNEXPECTEDLYY BOOSTED DURING PERIOD Operating Expenses Reduced by $297,000,000—Result Better Than Experts Sought. Uncle Sam finished his ‘fiscal yeaf 1923 last night with flying colors, according to - latest information avallable at the office of Directar Lord of the bureau of the budget, which indicated a surplus of $310,- 000,000 instead of the threatened prospective deficit early in the-year of $823,000,000. . The surplus estimated last night is more than 50 pér cent larger than that prophesied by President Hard- ing and’ Gen. Lord before the busines§ organization of the government, Juné |18 when it was predicted it would probs ably be $200,000,000, Creation of the surplus had been possible, it was explained through an increase in receipts of $767,000,000 and a reduction in the estimated total expenditures of $366,000,000. Increases Large. The large and unexpected increases in the receipts have been considered & heavy factor in the change of an unfavorable prospect into & -success- | ful conclusion of the year with the i balance on the right side of the led- | ger, but one factor which is agreea among government circles to have been a major influence is the pressure exerted by President Harding through his bureau of the budget upon the actual expenditures, for running the federal machine, 3 ‘The total cut in expenditures fop . the year as compared with a year previous was estimated last - night at $265,000,000, while reduction in what is considered the “ordinary op< erating éxpenditures of the govern- ment” moutted Stll “higher to the | ngure of $297,000,000. The au i betweeh the two 4wka wflm by expenditures on account of CABItAl. outlays, opefations 'in special ac: counts such as railreads; the War FY. nance Corporation, the Emergency Fleet Corporation, retunds of tax re. ceipts, and interest on and retirement of the public debt. Operations Extensive. The size of the government's opers ations was indicated by the figures showing total appropriations for the year, including deficlency biils, toybe $3,946,000,000, while the total cash withdrawals were estimated at $3,-- 695,000,000 S Increase in receipts, it was. ex- plained, was due to an increase of $213,000,000 in customs, '$423,000.000 in internal revenue and $131,000,001 in miscellaneous, Although the government had in- creased receipts in its favor, thers were factors working against it In the form of refunds of tax receipts, which increased by $100,000,000, re- funds - of customs receipts which totaled $29,800,000, and a postal de~ ficit of §32,000,000. Post Ofice Sufters. A The postal service had a total ap- propriation during the year of $885.- 000,000, which was far from suffi clent to meet the expenses of the service, but for the next year, it is estimated that on account of the in~ creased business anticipated; and in-,. deed, already being felt, the postal service, will not only meet expenses, but may be able to turn in a sury plus, Instead of a deflcit. The postal’ service surplus for 1924 is variously. estimated now up’ to a -million dollars, Customs showed a surprising ins crease over the earlier estimates, & prospective $350,000,000 growing ta recetpts of approximately’ $563,000,000. Last year customs turned in 3356, 000,000 to the federal treasury. The customs refunds this year were lbo“ the same as last. Back Taxes Help. The_increase In internal revenus receipts, which aggregated $423,000,9 000, was partly caused by the cam=' | paign waged by the Treasury for cal- f lection of back ' taxes, before statute of limitations should o against their collection. This baclk . tax collection by the government, althongh it resulted in a large in= crease of refunds. as old tax claims. were fought out before the bar the Treasury, brought in a higHly . substantial net return to Uncle Sam’ The decrease in estimated total éx= penditures of $366,000,000 was said to be the result of reductions of $151,~ 000,000 in general expenditur $45,-° 000,000 in interest on the public debe and @ net-decrease of $170,000,000 in * capital outlays, operations in speciat’ accounts and retirement of the pubs Itc debt required to be made from or~: dinary receipts. Achievement Unusual. Success of the Treasury's operations. 1 refunding the sart dated debt in reducing the public 32kt of the United States.from its earler -high': level 'have -contribliuted further. to. make the Dast year one of. uni 1 atcomplishments in the control of finances of the American government., ' Detalls of ‘this branch of the Treasury activity for the year have not. yet been made public by S tary -Mellon, but: it Is satich ot &