Evening Star Newspaper, January 28, 1923, Page 4

li THE SUNDAY STAR: WASHINGTO! : D C! JANUARY fl! #25_PART 1 / Tax Burden Driving French -|Mediate or See Great War, & t Iron Masters, in Search of Coal, Over-|BothFrenchand Germans came Financial Leaders’ Hopes .for Insernational Loan. Ruhr Will Work Itself Out France's financial deficit was the real reason why the Ruhr ad- venture was made possible. Tts initial failure was due to the Ruhr miners and population refusing to desert their profiteering employers. Germany made a tactical error by admitting that the occupation constituted a violation of the Versailles pact. Inervention, if tendered by any great power, would speedily be accepted by both sides. France cannot meet the financlal pressure of enlarged occupa- and would be glad to meet Germany half way. rmany was badly advised by England and in consequence took the steps which compelled the French occupation. Ruhr industrial shares continue to advance on all German bourses, regardless of the present French control. When reparations are recognized as a problem for all Europe, all will be well. BY MAXIMILIAN HARDEN, Germany's Foremost Publicl: By Cable to The Star. Copyright, 1925, BERLIN, January 27.—Admittedly 1his is the most serious crisis for Ger- many since the signature of the treaty of Versailles. But, as fore- meen last summer, the French deficit «©f 10,000,000.000 francs, equal to 36,- 050.000,000,000 paper marks, makes the ¢ierman deficit look like a dwarf be- side the giant of fairyland tales. Once 1t becomes impossible to conceal from the small French merchant, peasant ®nd renter that they must pay 10 per xent additional taxation their belief that they have been deceived by the government and that France really Jost the war will drive them wild with rage. The French iron masters, under- rtanding this situation, have utilized it to carry out their policies of secur- 1ng quicker supplies of Ruhr coal to smelt the Lorraine iron or, with which they seck the commercial mastery of Turope, and they triumphed over the Paris financial leaders who counselled temporizing with Germany In expec. tation of securing a big international loan for her. Taxes Postponed. The iron masters were able to show that the German government allowed the Rubr coal owners to postpone payment of taxes amounting to 30,- 000,000.000 marks in the face of & depreciating currency, thus reducing the sum available for reparations. The iron masters thus had a powerful argument that pressure on the Ruhr, “source of German prob- ably would induce her to make heavy payments. The leader of the French steel mag- nates is Millerand, once lawyer, later deputy, now president of the repub- lic, and he carried his point over the objections of Foch, Barthou and the others because Premier Poincare, the stubborn-headed Lorraine lawyer and formalist, saw only this way out. The original plan of occupation provided for 7.000 men, who were to protect the French and Belgian engineers. Naw 110,000 are employed, with 50,000 additional mentioned as reserves. Soclalists Fail to Act. The hope that the socialist miners would turn against the profiteering coal barons because their unwilling- ness to pay taxes and greed for profits was notorfous, did not materialize, while the opposition of the entire Westphalian and Ruhr population roved far more obstinate than any renchman had anticipated. The French iron masters wanted to pose as kind employers and enter into peace negotiations, with valuable Ger- man pledges in their possession. They have completely failed. When it was apparent the original plans would not work out a group headed by the French minister of war, Maginot, made the Ruhr question a . matter of French national prestige, demanded that force be emploved to break down all resistance, forcibly SAYS FRENCH PLAN - RUHR ANNEXATION Declaration by Poincare Tak- ing Over Valley Is Expected Soon, Writer Believes. BY WILLIAM BIRD. Py Cable to The Star. PARIS, January 27.—The French Eovernment is swinging gradually but surely to the political occupation of the Ruhr. Criticlsm of its attitude in insist- $ng on the strictly economic charac- ter of the movement grows sharper daily. Observers predict Premler Poincare shortly will come forward With a declaration practically annex- ing the entire Ruhr district to France without any definite time limitation. This prediction is strengthened by the latest action of the French del &ate, Louis Barthou, on the repari tlons commission in declaring the t 1al of Germany's unfulfilled obliga- tions under the reparations secto of the treaty of Versailles. This is Tegarded as equivajent, to all intents 2nd purposes, to a denunciation by France of the treaty itself. Jn other words, in assuming thi attitude France practically de H 1hat the Versailles treaty has lapsed Dy reason of Germany's fallure to ful- £l her obligations. ~Additional sig- pificancs is furnished by the estab- lishmen of a customs frontler east of the \ewly occupied area, which now h. ¢ been decided on, weil as the In:'- duction of a new monetary unit baked on French currency. ‘These mddifications in effect make the Ruhr a part of France, although un- der martial instead of civil la This change of policy will, it is hoped, provide France with consider- #ble profit chiefly through the linking of the Ruhr and the Alsatian metal- lurgical industries. = Plan Big Development. The French believe that, while the Ruhr_coal production declined sharply since the ocoupation, this drop is due chiefly to the confusion of the movément, and that eventually production will rise again, especially Svhen {t is realized that Germany will be the chief sufferer from any short- age, the French will take what coai they need, leaving Germany only ‘what then remains. Already the French steel magnates ars planning a tremendous develop. ment of the French metal industries based on a long-time enjoyment of the advantage of the Ruhr occupa- tion, . Thus the economic advantages are not_lost sight of, but the majority of French opinlon believes these ad- vantages will not be fully obtainable until the octupation takes a definite political character, and the govern- ment now sd“m. headed toward that same attitude, (Copyright, 1928.) SEND ART COLLECTION. N, Jenuary 27, mmrEEng\éi?Sl‘an of";h- Carneigte 1!“&\“ of Pittsburgh a collection o has ':'.".’..’::."". fl Haisa Htates. % march to Berlin if necessary, and then point out that, by falling to meet her obligations, Germany had destroyed the treaty of Versailles. This would mean reversion to the war status and then France could force a separate beace treaty with Germany. Error Realized Too Late. The German government realized too late its tactical errqr in claiming the French action demolished the peace pact and in refusing to enter into ne- gotiations with France and Belgium until they withdrew their forces, and the impossibility of arousing in the man in the street these feelings of revenge and hatred which would re- sult in the boycott of all foreigners. The simplest logic forbids the use of Justification in defense of the Ruhr workers that they owe allegiance to their own government and own laws while at the self-same time French and Belglans were being driven out of hotels and restaurants in the oc- cupled zone because they were carry- ing out the orders of their military and civilian officers oftentimes un- willingly. The Berlin government at last sees its error and now is ail too loudly crying for the international Interven- tion and expressing willipgness - to enter into negotiations of the entire reparations question. ‘Would Aceept Intervemtl If intervention speedily is offered by some great power it will be accepted by both sides. France neither wishes increased taxation nor to be com- pelled to call up.further classes of soldiers to the colors. The French government would be unable to ju tify the cost of a fruitless Ruhr ad- venture in parliament and would breathe freely if the deficit this year were covered by four billion francs. The simplest French peasant could easlly be convinced of Germany's good will if the captains of industry on both sides would only arrange everything among themseives. The average Frenchman would be glad to hear no more of arrests, shooting: and other highly questionable meas. ures in the Ruhr. Form of Acquittal. Complete evidence of this is the re- sult of the Mayence court-martial, which seems a concealed form of ac- quittal. Had Germany not listened to England's siren song she would have prevented the occupation of the Ruhr and a Franco-German co-operation would have been arranged which would have made possible a payment on account of reparations in accord- ance with Germany's lisnited power to pay. But so far only indignant pro- tests have been heard on both sides, although the fmmense rise in the shares of the Ruhr corporations on the German bourses shows how little the German people really believe that the end of all things is approaching. Our most important duty is not quib- bling over legal questions or stirring up national passions, but to find a method whereby the finely organized Ruhr industry, from which the prin- cipal European coal supply is received, can be saved from damage. Repara- tions must be recognized as a prob. lem affecting all Europe at the last and all wild bulls must be excluded from our sick continent FASCISTI “TERROR" INCENTRAL EUROPE Viennese Journalist Pictures Vast Shadow of Gallows Under Construction. BY NORMAN H. MATSON. By Cable to The Star. VIENNA, January 27.—“The shadow of a vast gallows in the building spreads across central Europe, and we cannot help shuddering at the sound of the hammering. So writes a Viennese journallst, commenting on the reaction. The most obvious sympton of the reaction- ary trend is “fascismo.” The fascists are active in Warsaw, Prague, Bud: Munich, Belgrade and Buch: in Rome they rule. Without fon the movement gathers strengtn daily, The gallows seen by the frightened liberal journalist are the gallows of the mllitary dictator- ships planned by the fascistl. In Warsaw the fascisti attempted a “putsch.” Their fallure and the pop- ular indignation aroused against them by the assassination of the new presi- dent forced but a temporary slacken- ing of their activities. First and fore- most, they demand a forcible “Pol- izing” of the new provinces which are populated by white Russians, Uk~ rainians and Jews. They expressed their opinion of E:r‘lil.mcnhry government when they at up half a dozen deputies in the street. They are armed, an their tactics are patterned after th of Mussolini—they wreck the officel of opposition newspapers, they dls. patch fighting units on punitive ex- peditions. their song to the glory of land is becoming as famillar as is fovanesza” in Italy. Finally, they wear black shirts and salute in the ancient Roman fashion, as do the cohorts of Signor Mussolini. Plastered With Placards. Prague is plastered with fasoist! placards warning the people that independent. state—"for 300 vears a dream for which thousands of patriots died on battleflelds and gallow s in danger, and “our for- elgn and intérnal enemies insolently rejoice.’ ‘The people must form d home guards to defend the nation from these enemies. It i characteristic that neither the dan ger nor the identity of the enem! made clear. In the important faoc. tory cen of Reichenberg the fag- e demanded that the control of Jocal police and military be placed in_their hands. Bix thousand black shirts recently met in Budapest to & fas- cist litical Dll’lx’- v leader, u&o Btefan Friederioh, former pre- mier and the leader of the abortive attempt to put Karl - Hapsbury 3 on the throne, declared that the fas. cisti must seize all power. “The na- tion,” he dgclared, “is infected with ~— | liberal catchwords, and & dictator- 18 necessa .& ‘went on: 5;10 mbst terrible halt frreril s 0 | entry into the world war, Would Welcome Move, It Is Reported. (Continued from First Page.) Into Ruhr, Harden Declares| Is Latest Tip Reaching U. S. Proposal to Intervene Is Revived by Owen in Senate. (Continued from First Page.) denttal dispatches that a prolonged mar—virtually a war of annjhilatio s in prospect. England is standing by watching the fires Of conflict grow steadily brighter on the continent. England, it is con- tended, can make no move Wwithout the United States. She has let it be known in Washington, however, that the moment this country is ready to act, Great Britain will be by her side and what remains of the moral influcnce of the world then will be in a position to bring its pressure to bear upon the belligerent nations. ‘The French occupation of the Ruhr is not the only question at issue. The break between France and England has removed the last European safeguard in the near east. The Turks are tUgging at their leash. Equipped with modern French small arms and cannon, trained under French staff officers, the Kemalist forces of the Ottoman empire are jm- patient to be on the march. Conse- quently England's position in the ‘east 1s menaced. Realization has come to Washing- ton at last that Europe cannot settle her own quarrels any more than two emblittered litigants in court could ttle a lawsuit handed down through the prejudices of the centurie: Roosevelt Set Precedent. If a halt is to be called in Europe, official Washington has been told, some disinterested, powerful nation must act. There is but ons such na- tion—the United States. It was point- ed out here yesterday that the United States did not hesitate to intervene between Russia and Japan when Theodore Roosevelt was President, and the Intervention brought what was regarded in this country as a wenseless war to a close. The peace conference was held in this country under the auspices of the United States, and the influence of thiscoun- try was a potent one in the final set- tlements. At that time there was no cry of involving the United States in the affairs of the far east. Russia and Japan were far removed from the United States. The war in which they were engaged had little or no effect upon American commerce or Ameri- can citizens. Yet the good offices of this country were offered and ac- cepted and peace was restored. In the face of the grave outlook in Europe, the situation here in Wash- ington is one of apparent doubt and indecision. “Irreconcilable” threats from the Senate to attack the admin- istration for even considering a move in the European Imbroglio, seem to have had the effect of silencing both the White House and the State De- partment for the time being. The ‘White House has gone so far as to definitely announce that it has no plan respecting the international sit- uation, England Ready to Quit. Thoroughly authenticated dis- patches come from London telling that England is ready to withdraw from the continent if the United States does not act. Strong pressure is being brought to bear upon the British government to withdraw the troops on the Rhine and further to withdraw her representatives on the reparations commission. England has roped to continue as a steadying in- fluence In Europe. Once she with- draws cntirely from the continent it is believed the flames of war will burst in many directions, because ¥rance, busy {n the Ruhr, can exer- cise no’ influence anywhere else. Franoe naturally is the military master of Europe today. No nation can cope with her at arms. Admini- stration officlals made the statement last week that they did not expect France to go so far as she has in the Ruhr. It Is recognized now that only drastio action by the United States will do any good. It is recognized that the United States would have to appeal to world public opinion. Many senators expressed the belief yesterday that if the United States ‘would send public, not private, notes to both France and Germany, the foros of world opinion would require them to accept intervention and med!- ation. This is especially true in view of the advices thatsuch intervention would really be welcomed. The French have a bull by the horns and no means of letting him go. They can only do it with outside heip. The Germans, seeing the error in their ways of delay and inaction, also are anxious to have a new chance. Not from Europe alone, but from our sister countries of the western hemisphere, come the word that the United States alone is in a position to save the situation. INTERVENTION IS URGED. Frank A. Vonderlip Sees Only Hope for World in U. S. By the Assoclated Press. DETROIT, Mich, January 27.—Only the moral intervention of the United States can eave “the decadent civiliza- tion of the old countries from utter ruin,” Frank A. Vanderllp of New York, declared in an address hers last night. The key to European peace, he eaid, was spiritual, rather than political or economle. Mr. Vanderlip criticized the “inac- tivity of America,” in the prdsent crisis. “My observations have biven me a pessimistic view as to the future of Burope,” sald the speaker, who recently returned from abroad. “Those troubles are a state of the mind. Political and economic factors are involved but poli- ticians and economists cannot cure the conditions that have developed. Only & spiritual fellowship, an application of the golden rule, can prevent the abso- lute breakdown threatening the civilza- tion of Europe. Needs Moral Guidance, “Europe nesds only a simpls moral guidance for its salvation, and we as & nation should be giving it. The United Btates today is facing as momentous & decision as when we were debating our But the de- Dbating now is on our part in peace, and ‘we are lacking decision while the world waits for us. I believe we are 'week morally, as & natlon, and in the eyes of the World we are losing respect. Half the world is in grave danger, and here ‘we are, rich, prosperous, seif-contained, wvacillating and lacking the leadership to. make a oontribution toward world Mr. t‘?ud-nlp spoke at & j‘&f‘,fl To- oalied to discuss & figton st the Dniversity of on una:a. "%r.mm of Yale was war tending from KHamburg to h‘hd“lnd l: Kent on for the day we must hands with the Germans, the E& Croatians ayd | Slovaks!” Friederich is the type exocellence of the faclst, It was he ‘who he was ler, am the law snother speaker. “% | tions sessed by him during his recent uropean trip, but deferred delivery of his speech until this week. * Like- wise Senator Borah, republican, Idaho, withheld Introduction of his resolution for the President to call an economic conference, ‘which measure when presented is expected to be used as the vehicle of debate. Owen Starts Discussion. Three senators, Owen, democrat, Oklahoma; Reed, republican, Penn- sylvanla, and Oddie, republican, Nevada, none of whom has partici- pated actively heretofore in dis- cussions of the European situation, engaged in yesterday's debate. Senator Owen inaugurated the dis- cussion with a prepared address in which he sald that legal right of France and Belglum to go into the Ruhr to compel payment of Ger- many’s defaulted reparations might be considered a controverted question, but that from a moral viewpeint the invasion of Germany was without Justification. The Amerlcan people could not morally approve the French policy, Senator Owen said, because they saw in it “the sowing of dragons’ teeth, apd the dividing of the world again into two contending camps, where the ultimate attitude may be another appeal to organized mlilitary forc: Says People Would Approve. The American people, the Okla- homa senator sald, would look with favor on any move by France and Belgium toward inviting friend- 1y nations to medlate the rep- arations controversy. He con- cluded with a declaration that the United States should join with the other major powers in guaranteeing France against invasion and that Germany should be given a sfmilar guarantee and that “the world should use economic pressure on the Ger- man people to enforce reparations.” Senator Reed's speech was in the nature of a reply to Senator Owen, the Pennsylvania senator criticizing any attack on the French policy on moral grounds. He said the repara- tions matter had been discussed in the Senate from both a pro-French and a pro-German viewpolnt, but that he preferred that the United States maintain a neutral stand. He point- ed out that America had remained neutral during the German invasion of Belgium and France in the early days of the war and added: Gives “Soldlers’ View.” “We did not break into volce then as we are doing now at an invasion that iy not attended by murder and disregard of international law. * ® ¢ Why, in God's name, can we not stand neutral today when retri- bution is coming to those murdere: of Belgians and French and Ameri- cans?" Senator Reed, who served with the American Expeditionary Forces, add- ed, with a show of earnestness, that he was not speaking his own views alone, but as “the men who fought in France would speak If they were here in the chamber” and as “the men who dled France would speak.’ “There was a default, clearly there was a default, in the reparations payment by Germany,” he told the Senate. “Clearly thers is no inten- tion on the part of the Germans to pay those reparations. The bully who swaggered in 1914, 1915, 1916 and 1917 now whines because he is beaten. Are we going to allow our- selves to be deceived by that?" Revives Parley Tdea. Senator Oddie, speaking briefly, ap- proved the French course, and after Senator Owen had replied to Senator Reed the discussion was ended until this week. Another development in the Senate discussion of international relations during the day, however, was the sending by ator France, repub- lican, Maryland, to Chairman Lodgs of the foreign relations committes of a letter asking that the committee act on the Maryland senator’s reso- lution, authorizing the President to call a conference at Wi ngton of the nations that were signatory to The Hague convention of 1899. The purpose of this conference, as stated in Senator France's resolution. which has been pending for several months, would be to consult as to the best means of bringing about a more perfect general concert of na- tions, the establishment of general justice, the assurance of general tranquility and the promotion of the general welfare. LEAGUE TO ALTER FAMOUS ARTICLE X in (Continued from First Page.) lines of persuasion and ment rather than to push the differences of opinion in its members to the point of active opposition. There iy at least the possibility, therefore, that a compromise may be reached, leav- ing_a loophole for a later response to Secretary Hughes' action looking toward an all-around sgreement on the reparations valuation. That Is the most that can be expected from Branting’s move at this sti but it would obviously be enough to render the ocoming session of the league counoil the most important to date, The &ouncil will have le: licate matter to handle in the cas which will come before it, du Viscount Curson's attempt to something from the wreckage of the Lausanne conference. Though the Paris press is using the most barb satire at the expense of Cprson's declaration that the British pdint of view regarding-Mosul was never in- fluenced by the consideration of ofl, at the samg time there is no reason to suppose t the French repre- sentative on the council will not sup- ort Curson's initiative calling for he league's intervention in the Mosul question. . Intervention to Be Sought. Intervention will he sought under article XI of the pact, by which any member of the league s entitled to bring netice to the eouncil of menace of war from a 8 not & member of thé league, The council is then bound to consider all appro- priate measures for the maintenance of peace, and in case the disturber of peace defies its authority the council may call on its members to apply economic sanctions. « 1 French support of the British at the counell table was made easier b: y the fact that the frontlers of the |35t Freunch sone Byria were not ques- tioned by gml Pasha at Lausanne, and’ though France undoubtedly {s re over the Mosul ofl interests, she {5 anxious to maintain the frisndiiest relati th G tain, in view of the development of the reparation question, - It is & far cry from the Ruhr to gu& llwz just the — :har. will nteraction of 6 tWO ques- Beind th sisnes of the'iskua ‘eounoil from e Pussy-Footing Policy Menaces - European Peace, Says Tardieu Frenchman Declares His Own. Country, Britain, Italy and United States Mean Well, But Results Are Not Clear. Growing Resentment of France Under Foreign Criticism Almost everybody seems pursuing a pussy-footing policy, with good intentions but unclear results. \ Polincar Clemenceau, an olicy is reminiscent of the days of the war before to succeed a change is necessary. The British attitude of passive waliting is injurious, inasmuch as what is imperative at the present ment is clear-cut policies, Italy's postion is ambiguous becaule Mussolini’s utterances and acts of his ambassadors at Berlin and London do not jibe. The conflicting opinions in the United States show that all parties can tell must do. Germany sacrificed her middle class to annul Europe what to do, but cannot agree on what America the forelgn and domestic debt and now is ready to sacrifice the Ruhr rather than pay. The Russlans burned Moscow to elude Napoleon, and the Germans would annihilate the Ruhr industries to escape solemnly recognized debts. , _ France works for re-establishment of material and moral Eu- Topean peace—some day people will wonder why she got so little help. BY ANDRE TARDIEU, Former French High Commissioner to the United Staten | By Cable to The Star. Copyright, 1923. PARIS, January 27.—Almost every- body seems to be pursuing what you call a pussy-footing policy. The in- tention is good, but the results are hot clear. The French government, in devel- oping the occupation of the Ruhr, is showing an excess of caution, which to me seems a psychological mistake. When you are obliged—as the United States and Great Britain both have been In the past—to deal forcibly with a party whose bad faith has been demonstrated, you can't wear kid gloves. Our consideration for Germany's feelings has even gone so far as to attempt what has been called Invisi- ble occupation. This is a bad method, especially with Germany, which con- siders herself cleverer and stronger than any others. In the present cir- cumstances we should proceed square- ly, firmly. Our extreme moderation has not preventsd Senator Borah pro- claiming our action as an offense against humanity, which shows that too many precautions only lessen the advan- tages from the operation without eliminating the disadvantages. French opinfon is beginning to con- sider we have been too irresolute dur- ing the last two weeks. The policy 18 too reminiscent of thi which ; re- vailed in the war before Clemenceau took hold. To succeed a change is necessary. Britiah at Sea. The English do not seem to know what they want. Bonar Law, on leav- ing Poincare on January b5, sald: “I think you are mistaken, but if events prove I am mistaker delighted.” ? His attitude since has been friend- 1y. but between his desire not to make public disapproval of the French plan there 18 of neocessity, oertain friction. To cite a single exampl or six statements it is almost impos- sible here to tell what the British government's attitude is to be in the British. zons of occupation in the Rhineland. Paris tries to minimize her occupation to avold hurting Lon- don, while London attempts to mini- mize her abstention to avold hurting Paris. It is all touching, but not a policy, and we are at the point where Ppolicies must be made clearer. In Italy Mussolini, despite his en- ergy, seems tarred with the same brush. IHis representatives in Parls sided with France against the British. and _Italian engineers accompanied the French and Belgians to the Ruhr. On the other hand, no Italian troops have been furnished, while Italian MACEDONIA REBELS | SEES WAR CLOUDS INGUERRILLA WAR Well Armed Bands Attack Greeks, Serbs and Bul- garian Garrisons. BY CONSTANTINE STEPHANOVE. By Cable to Thy Star ::: Chicago Dafly News. SOFIA, January 27.—Despite . the severe winter and the deep snow, the Macedonian revolutionaries continue their activities. Recently they had skirmishes with the Greek army and then made incursions into Bulgarian territory In the Petritch and Kusten- ail districts, where they became dic- tators for the time being. Now they are showing intense activity in cen- tral Mecedonis, where the Serblan authorities are greatly perplexed. The Maocedonian organizations are led by Theodor Alexandrov, & noted organizer and guerrilla fighter, aided by Albanian, Wailachian, Turkish and even Jewlsh officers from Salonfki. under whose command are bands often numbering more than 1,000 well arthad men. Hights with Serblan, Greek and Bul an outposts gre frequent, particularly with the S&r- blang, who hold the greater part ot Macedonia. Last week, &t & point near Istlb, & regular battle was fought between Alexandrov's band and the Berblan w2 lasting mearly the whols day. ocoording to igrade reports, the revolutionaries attacked the ool onists brought thers by the Jugoslay government, and in the on?flhmnnt which ensued many were killed or wounded. The attack had been well organized, the revolutionaries dis- playing strong military discipiina and using__ rapid- arms, partioularly hand bombs. Owing to this event, the Serblan government has offered 250, 000 dinars for the head of Theodor Alexandrov. ST. FRANCIS. LAUDED. ROME, January 27.—Pope Plus to- day published sn encyeclical on Bt Francls of Sales, proclaiming him the patron of Christian writers, St, Francis of Sales was born at Sales, near Anneoy, Savoy, in 1567, and dled at Lyous on December 33, 1623, He was appointed Bishop of Geneya {n 1603, and later became one of the founders of the Order of the Visitation, Amon s writings, the most famous was “Traite de L'Amour de Dieu" He {8 commemorated on January i The swestness of the saint's char- cal, coupled a e, en- Fo foonvert. innumierable L wuth rendered him o in mullnl the rights evangelioal 1ib- the hypoorisy of ty, Among his writings the Pope re. calls ‘“Introduction to t Life’ and “Treatise on Godly Love.” The pontiff says the first mentioned work should be read by all Christians, as Hl:a. D:; sot. of. its Tl be| extra difficulties for France and his | Despite five | | 1 diplomacy, busying itself in London and Berlin, but expressly disclaiming tenders of mediation, gives the im- pression of offering its good offices to that end. Mussolini denies such in- tention, but his ambassadors seem more desirous of intervening than of firmly lending their support on the side to which Italy’s policy is pledged. Ttalians Wabbly. Naturally everybody desires the ending of the present arisis, but there is more than one way to do It and the Italian position seems ambiguous May I add the American way appears similar Eastern republican senators seem to advocate a certain intervention in European affairs without specifying oxactly what, while western republi- can senators seem more than_ ever determined on isolation. The demo- crats, rallylng around Wilson's for- mulas, seem uncertain about how to translate them into acts. The ad- ministration has withdrawn its troops from the Rhine for reasons which, perhaps, were not what the publio thought Between the contrary cur- rents it hesitates and tacks. I will say, with that frankness to which my friendship for vour coun try entitles me, that while all par- ties never have been at a loss when it came to telling Europs what to do, they seem completely stumped | when it Is a question of what Amer- | ica ought to do. No Debt Agreement. Washington and London seem to have &8 much trouble in agreeing as Paris and London have. The Baldwin miseion ended in fallure despite the efforts $o cover {t. Neither on the question of eapitalizing the unpaid interest for the last three vears nor agreeing on a rate for the future | could an agreement be reached. Lon- don thought an accord would be facilitated by the fact that Great | Britain upheld the American view in | the Franco-German confliot, but was mistaken. Tho ideas of your Treas- ury and Britaln's are irreconcilable. The negotiations were for nothing. This is another case of pussyfoot- ing. Only ome country maintains the same straight course which she has been following for thres years and that is Germany. Germany organized the oollapse of the mark a annul the foreign and domestio debt with one stroke. She sacrificed her middle class, which i8 ruined by the mone. tary crisis.. She will, if necessary sacrifice the prosperity of the Ruhi It is anything rather than pay. That is her motto. The Russians burned Moscow to elude Napoleon. The Ger- mans woud annihilate the Ruhr in- dustries fo escape the debt t solemnly recognized. That fs the source of Europe's disorder and an- archy. By tryving to make Germany execute her engagements France is working for the re-establishment of European peace, materfally and mor- people will wonder why she got 8o little help. IN RURR INVASION Britain Must Act to Save Eu- rope, Declares E_dltor Gardiner. BY A. G. GARDINER, Britain’s Greatest Liberal Editor, (Copyright, 1923.) By Cable to The Star. LONDON, January 27.—1 can never recall such a condition of dazed per~ plexity in the British public as that Which has been caused by the astound- ! ing developments in the Ruhr. All instructed opinion is sensible of the enormity of the disaster to Euro- pean hopes. The momentary stimulus to the coal trade does not conceal the fact that the Invasion disposes of any chance of recovery for British trade. It | mlso_demolishes any prospect of peace for Europe in this generation, The financial district is filled with dpprehension and the political world is paralysed. The responsible press is unanimous In criticism of the desperate adventure. The only exception is the Harmsworth newspapers, which are hounding France on to ‘any extrava- gance. Northcliffe's brother succeeded by inheritence to the Harmsworth press, and he aims to also succesd his brother in the rule of the opinion of the mob. and is determined to destroy Bonar Law, who has refused to live under newspaper dictation, Fear Long War. Events are too grave to permit in- cendlarium,. The mob feeling is waver- ing. Organized labor is solld hind the government and the leaders of all political parties are united in growing alarm and hostility over this unprece- dented war on a disarmed natlon. No one any longer doubts that France seoks not reparations, but the perma- nent disablement of Germany as & pre- lude to her litical. dismemberment. The views differ only on the ponlbu‘. ties of success. No ona doubts that it dooms Europe to chronic war and dis- nlr!-lon for generations, “This is the beginning of a eeven- year war,” sald a distinguished leader of public ‘opinfon to an eminent states- | man yesterday. “No,”” replied the statesman, is the beginning of a thirty-yea A feeling of utter helplessness pre- vails, France holds all of the cards. Her ‘enemies are disarmed. Her chicl allies are dizsarmed. She {s left the su- preme military power in Burope, more supreme than Napolean at his zenith. She manipulates Poland and the Turks adopt an insolent attitude at Lausanne by wvirtue of England's breech with nce, Britain Mast Act, The Inactivity ef the British m continue, Al seotions of serious on are coming to the con- clusion that the eontinued presence of British _soldiers at Cologne: and con- tinued representation on the reparations I&? Rhineland commissions 1§ Impos- = ; The arrest by the French of & Ger- man_oMolal -in - British-occupled tee- ation - jqin the critical years following the the commissioners have hecome naked {nstruments of & pollcy whick England has, formally repudiated. Bonar Law, naturally, is undesirou: of widening the breach, but develop: ments cof the policy of ruthlessness must force his hand. He is taking soundipgs cautiously, but the head- long Proceedings ot France dictate the next step, despite himself, In influential circles the single subject of discussion is what can be done to save Europe. All hopes turn tgward. America as the one powerful dlainterested influence left in the world. It is fully recognized now how immense were the consequences of the withdrawal of that influence acmistice. England and America, acting together. might have imposed reason on Europe. ually free from territorial interests of ambi- tlous Europe and equally concerned in the restoration of economic pros perity to Kurope, they could have helped, but the failure of the Anglo- American statesmen to work togath- er left Europe prey to the primitive instincts of revenge. It will take generations of suffering and horror to redeem that failure. European Sulcide. Can the English-speaking worldg stand by while Europe commits sul- cide? That is the question' which is taking shape in serious minds. Eng- land alone 1s powerless to check the catastrophe. She has ceased to ex- ercise any Influénce, while France, conscious of her unchallenged mili- tary power, has taken the bit in her teeth and is acting regardless of both persuasion and criticism, But if the initlative of a new policy were taken by America, indorsed by England, the combination would ex- ert a powerful moral suasion. It is true that France is invulnerable to any question of force and no such conslderations are entertained in any quarter. It may equally be true that she 1s invulnerable to any economic pressure. for she is the most self- contalned nation in Europe. But in the end moral judgment must halt a policy for the destruction of Europe. ‘Th! consideration lends peculiar significance to the movement for the erection of a monument to the late NUMBER OF REFUGEES IN'SHIPWRECK IN DOUBT By the Associated Pres: MANILA, January 27.—It i report- ed hero today that the one ehip o tho Russian refuges floet reported wrecked off Formosa yesterday was small, but it §s not known hew many persons were aboard. All other ves- sels of the fleet either are in quaran- tine at Mariveles, Philippine Islands, or’ else are reported en route from Formosa. Admiral Stark, commander of tia exiles, said the four ships presumably on thelr way here should arrive in the next few days unless stormy weather compels them to take refuge at some northern port. He added that he had confidence in the officers of these four vessels, and believed that none had deserted. Gov, Gen. Wood questioned Admira! Stark today regarding the title of the refugees on their ships. The ad- miral said they had belonged to the Kerensky regime, the last Russian government which the refugees rec- ognized. He declared that his me were holding the vessels in trust for such stable government as might finally be established in Russia. He explained that the Viadivostok exiles refused to recognize the soviet gov- ernment. According to the Russian officers, there is about $10.000 in American gold aboard the ships. Gov. Gen. Wood, on his return to Manila from Mariveles, said he would ask the government at Washingtor: to allot part of the Russian relief fund for the refugees here. He added that nothing had been determined regarding their final disposition. American bassador, Walter H Page, publication of whose letters has created a powerful impression o the British public, which finall realizes the nobility of his character and the wisdom of his outlook. P —— e EROM' THE AVENUE AT NINTH, For a Limited Period Only Clearance Sale of Full Dress & Tuxedo Suits $39.50 Reduced from $45 & $50 In order to make clear the merits of this exceptional off merating its many 1, rect. The fabric is ering, we are enu- features: ‘The styles are absolutely cor- a fine unfinished worsted, plain black as well as the smart bone. invisible herring- The coat is fully silk lined, in- cluding the sleeves. The trim- mings and facings are of the finest satins. The garments are hand-tai- lored. All the suits are from our reg- ular stock; and the greatest number ‘were 6. $50. Sizes 34 to 44; regulars, stouts. shorts and longs. The reason we offer to a few days days there will be are limiting this is because in a few none left.