Evening Star Newspaper, January 11, 1923, Page 1

WEATHER. Cloudy tonight ' --d ‘warmer tonight; freezing tonight. tomorrow; temperature above Temperature for twenty-four hours ended at 2 p.m. to- day: Highest, 37, at 2 p.m. lowest, 26, at 7:30 a.m. tod: yesterday; ay. di Closing N. Y. Stocks and Bonds, Page 3 No. 28,745. Entered as second-class matter post office Washington, D. C. e 7 WITH SUNDAY MORNING EDITION g } 4 WASHINGTON, D. C., THURSDAY, JANUARY 11, 1923 —-FORTY PAGES. FRENCH TROOPS ‘OCCUPY ESSEN; GERMAN ENVOY LEAVES PARIS; U. S. TO KEEP BOYDEN IN EUROPE Cuno Renounces Obligations, Spurns Bowing to French Heart of Ruhr Encircled by Soldiers. SENTRIES SEIZE KRUPP FACTOR Invasion Is Carried Out Without Fir- ing of a Shot. By the Associated Press. LONDON, January 11.—A Reu- ters dispatch from Essen, timed 4:20 o'clock this afternoon, says mattial law is to be proclaimed in the city by the French occupa- tional forces “almost immedi- ately.’” 1 By the Associated Press. WITH THE FRENCH ARMY IN THE RUHR, January 11.—The Erench army is encircling the heart of the Ruhr valley. Marching into Essen this | morning, in their new move for the ©ccupation of additional German ter- ritory, French troops began patrol- ling the streets of Essen, and horizon- blue sentries took positions at the entrance to the great Krupp works. French tanks command the city hall square, and pickets fantry hold the railroad station. Occupled Before Noon. Before noon the occupation of Es- sen was an accomplished fact. The advance from the Duesseldort bridgehead was led by armored cars, while cavalry debouched from Duis- burg into Muelheim, One division of infantry marched into the valley from Duesseidorf and another from Duis- burg. Two reserve divisions of infantry are belng held In readiness, camping on the edge of the former's bridge- head limits. Advance With Belgians. The French set out from the Dues- seldorf and Duisburg bridgeheads at 5 am, while the Belglans came down srom Moers, through Ruhrort, and made a junction with the French out- side of Muelheim. At 10 o'clock Gen. Boyer, the first french soldier to enter Bssen,-reach- ed_the city hall. Up to this afternoon the occupation had been carried out without any loss of life or even the firing of a single shot. MOVE IN METHODICALLY. Second Zone to Be Occupied After “Brief Interval.” By the Associated Press. PARIS, January 11.—The entry of the French into the first zone of the Ruhr, comprising the city of Essen, began when the advance guard of the “control commission's” military escort crossed the boundary line from the occupied area this morning. The rest of the troops, according to the plan of Marshal Foch, were to follow with regularity and it was sa‘d here that the whole Essen zone would be under French supervision by after- noon with the commission of allfed engineefs, which will supervise the coal deliveries, installed and ready for business. The plans call for the occupation of the second zone, including Bochum and Gelsenkirchen, after a brief inter- val. Notice to Be Posted. The Ruhr troops, it is estimated, comprise approximately one French division, together with a strong de- tachment of Belgian forces under the command of Gen. Henrys. The mili- tary will operate under the orders of Gen. Sfmon, who is at Duesseldorf. Gen. De Goutte, who is in supreme command of the French, has drafted a proclamation to residents of the Ruhr explaining the character of the move- ment and making clear that it is be- ing effected in the names of France, Belglum and Italy. This notice wili | be posted throughout the zone. Mines Mission Departs. News that French had at last taken the actlon which a large majority of the public has been urging for some time caused a llvely satisfaction here, although it was marred to some ex- tent by the announcement that the American forces on the Rhine were to be withdrawn. The French mission which will con- trol the Ruhr mines left Duesseldorf | for Essen at 5 o'clock, according to L'Information. The engineers and ex- perts, the newspaper says, were ac- companied by “an important detach- ment of troops.” The paper adds that the main body of the occupation force, consisting of one divisin, will remain today in the occupled zone, advancing into the Ruhr tomorrow and at in- tervals thereafter. Advance Is Described. The advance of the French into the Ruhr to Essen was described officially in a communique issued here this noon, which read: “In_conformity with the govern- ment's order French troops, taken By the Assoclated Press, BERLIN, January 11.—Chancellor Cuno, in a statement before the foreign affairs committee in the reichstag today, anpounced i that Germany's reparations obligations would cease to be discharged in furthér direct dealings with the “treaty-breaking powers.” The chancellor declared Germany could not resist actively, but on the other hand she would not bow her head voluntarily. The government would leave the German officials at their posts in the occupied area out of consideration for the welfare of the population and the conduct of the government business. What further steps he would depend upon the action taken by FRENGH T0 SEZE STINES WORKS Poincare Reveals Next Step in Forcing Germany to Pay Amends. CHAMBER IN UPROAR Comunist Deputy Cachin Draws Cries of “Traitor” as E He Enters. By the Associated Press. PARIS, January 1l.—Confldence in the government was voted by the chamber of deputies thix even- ing, 478 to 86, after Premier Polncare had made his ntatement regarding French action in the Ruhr., PARIS, January 11.—When Premier Poincare started his explanation in the chamber of deputies today of the government's action in the Ruhr val- ley, he was Interrupted frequently by Marcel Cachin, communist deputy. These Interruptions brought cries from the deputies of the right and center: “Put the traitor out!” - Cachin is charged with plotting againat the safety of the state as the result of activities in Essen. When Cachin entered, shortly after the premier and attempted to slip Into his seat unnoticéd, the deputies of the right and center rushed to the center of ‘the floor, pointed at him and shouted demands that he be ex- pelled. “This chamber cannot, with dignity, undertake any deliberations while this traitor is present!” exclaimed one, Protected by Immunity. _Cachin s protected from' prosecu- tion by his parliamentary immunity, which the government, however, has asked the chamber to suspend. Premier Poincare, in his statement | on the steps being taken by France in the Ruhr district, said the govern- ment's plans provided for the eventual occupation of Bochum, “if Germany falls to carry out the French de- mands.” The occupation of Bochum, which is the site of the iron and steel works of Hugo Stinnes, 1€ said to be set for Saturday, aithough this is not of- ficially confirmed. Cheered by Chamber. M. Poincare was cheered for fully five minutes by a crowded chamber. All the deputies, with the exception of the communists, rose to their feet to honor him, and many crowded to the open space before the rostrum to shake his hand. He made no ap- peal for sympathy nor effort at elo- Qquence as he began his speech. “If Germany,” he sald, “would make a serious appeal to the industrial in- terests of Germany she would have no need for a moratorium. “After having been led from confer- ence to conference, and after misun- derstanding after misunderstanding, we came to the point where we felt we were being led into inextricable complications, and there was nothing we could do but watch our interests in Germany. Patient Too Long. take, the chancellor added, would | the other side. | MAYER QUITS PARIS; FAILS TOEXPLAIN German Ambassador Leaves Without Revealing Status of Post. FRENCH NOT TO ACT Have No Intention of Recalling | Their Ambassador From Berlin. By the Assoclated Press. PARIS, January 11.—Dr. Wilhelm Mayer, the German ambassador to France, left Paris for Berlin at noon today. 3 The news that Ambassador Mayer has been summoned to Berlin puz- zles the press, which wonders whether the German envoy has been recalled, thus involving a suspension of dtplo- matic relations, or whether he has merely beeri asked to go to Wilhélm- strasse for a-conference with his gov- ernment._ ‘ Dr. Mayer took his leave without notifying the French foreign office, or giving any indication of the reason for his departure. The foreign office, therefore, lacking any official {nformation, regards the German envoy as absent e, and considers the dip!omllle?htlmn between France and Germany unaf- fected by the move. It was sald this afternoon that there was no intention of recalling the French ambassador from Berlin, MEMEL INVASION RAPIDLY EXTENDS Berlin Advices Conflict With Reports Received at Lithu- anian Legation, However. By the Associated Press. BERLIN, January 11.—The Lithua- nian invasion of the international territory of Memel, on the east Prus- sian frontier, is extending, according to the latest report from Heydekrug, but there have been no collisions be- tween *the soldiers and the inhabi- tants. 7 The French governor of the terri- tory, which is under the jurisdiction of the league of nations, has but a small force at his disposal and .the police of the district number only 100 men. The object of the Lithuanians, it is believed in some quarters here, is to confront the allles’ with a fait ac- “That s what we are going to do for the present. We may be obliged to resort to constraint in case Ger- many remains unylelding. We have been patient too long but we wanted first to exhaust every means of com- promise and persuasion. “We have made every concession compatible with our own situation. Unfortunately we have been unabl to agree with our allies, the British.” “I want” the premler emphasized, “to pay the warmest tribute to the courtesy and loyalty with which Mr. Bonar Law conducted the negotia- tions. But to our great regret, we found the British plan was such a profound revision of the treaty of Versailles that it was impossible for us to accept it. “It was a revision that implied the most important advantages to Ger- many and greater disadvantages to France. We could not accept such a construction of the situation.” In the course of his declaration the from the effectives of the French army on the Rhine, moved this morn- ing in the general direction of Essen to cover the installation in the Ruhr of engineers and the mission of con- trol. “According to the instructions given them, they will be established by 3 o'clock along _the general llne of Bruchausen-Geldenkirchen-Essen- ‘Werden-Ratingen. Only French Troops. “They are made up exclusivelysof French troops, representing the ef- fectives of two divisions of infantry and one division of cavalry, “Col. Henrys, commanding' the 33d Army Corps, is in command of the operation, under the direction of Gen. De Goutte. The two divisions of in- fantry are under Gens. Fournler and Laignelot, and the cavalry is under Gen. Rampon. “A detachment of Belgian troops accompanied the French units from the frontier district and will be moved to the French army on _the Rhine to reinforce the reserves there and replace the garrison troops sent into the Ruhr.” Dispatches received here from Essen .say the town Is qulet, the stores are open, the tramways are running, the factories working and the people busy with their usual occupations. 2 premier said there was no possible comparison between the Interallied debts and the reparations. The latter, he sald, must be pald frst. Explains His Steps. Resuming his outline of the steps leading to the recent situation, he said: g “A plan of financial reorganization very reasonable in its terms was pro- posed to Germany by the reparations commission. Germany did not see fit to accept it. Consequently there was nothing for France to do but consider what measures might be taken that were likely to protect her interests. “Our experts have estimated the production from the measures we have started to enforce at one bil- lion gold marks per year.” “In describing the French plan M. Poincare said it “comprised the event- ual occupation of Essen and Bochum, if Germany failed to ¢arry out our de- mands.” Referring to the announcement of the withdrawal of the American forces from the Rhineland, the pre- mier said that it was entirely to President Harding’s credit that he re- mained consistent with the views ex- pressed during his political campay; when it was intimated that the pres- ence of the Americans was no longer advisable or necessary on the Rhine. compll. 5 DENY SENDING TROOPS. Lithuanian Legation Declares In- habitants Are in Revolt. A revolt has taken place “in the whole of Memel district” of East Prus- sia, the citizens demanding that the territory be made a part of Lithuania, according to a telegram to the Lithuan- ian legation here toaay trom its gov- ernment at Kovno. The text of the message to the lega- tion here follows: “This morning, January 10, a revolt has taken place in the whole of the Memel - district. The principal com- mittee of Memel proclaims itself to be the gavernment of the territory. The revolt 1s directed against the theory o making the Memel territory a free state, and it advocates becoming a part of Lithuania.” Few Details Given. The legation's advices gave few de- tails, but included a dispatch from ' the Lithuanian forelgn office denying stories published in Germany to the effect that Lithuanian_troops had taken advantage of the European po- litical and economic crisis and had crossed into Memel. The, foreign of- fice dispatch said that ‘no troops, regular or irregular,” had gone across the border, and added that the Lithu- anian government was employing “stringent measures” to prevent “‘vol- unteers” from going to the aid of the Memel revolutionists. Under the treaty of Versailles the status of the Memel district, which formerly was a part of Germany, was left In abeyance and comtrol over it vested temporarily .in the league of nations. Final disposition, it is un- derstood, was \to depend on what status wi territory“adjoining, which since has been ofganized Into a separate nation. A _Jeague of nations commission now is”administering the Memel govern- ment, and the Lithuanian government has been advised that a plan has been broached in some quarters to make the territory a. permanently ind pendent state, 5 s Tab to Be Kept on Changes | in Crisis. |ARMY’S RETURN NOT ISOLATION America Is Standing Ready to Aid at First Chance. The withdrawal of the American military forces from Germany will not be followed by the, recall of Roland W. Boyden, this government's unoffi- clal observer with the reparations commission. While the administration has de- spaired of persuading France to de- lay military occupation of additional Ruhr valley cities while a peaceful so- lution of the reparations crisis Wwas being sought, it was made plain in authoritative quarters today that the American government wants to be in a position to lend every possible as- sistance should the opportunity for amlicable settlement of the crisls pre- sent itself. ‘Will Be of Much Valae. In officlal circles it is believed Mr. Boyden will be of much value to this government ‘in protecting American interests and keeping Washington authoritatively informed of the com- mission’s considerations, and he is to be retained at his present post for a while, at least, despite agitatidn in Congress for his return home. Officlals here have assumed the at- titude that the water has already gone over the dam and all the American government can do now is await de- velopments and earnestly hope that this drastic step will have the mini- mum serious effect. Gravity Is Realised. No effort is being made here to conceal the gravity of the interna- tional cri Officials refused to dis- Cuss events that prompted President Harding to recall the American troops 80 suddenly, but it was made plain that this government considers the situation in Europe to be so grave that it couid no longer keep Ameri- can soldiers in a poflx on that might prove embarrassing later. Asked a direct question as to whether France had been warned that the withdrawal order would be issued if French forces went into the Ruhr vlll;] & goverhment spokes- man dectinied to answer. Not Iselation Policy. But the return home of the army of occupation is not to be taken as a sign that the United States has as- sumed a policy of complete isolation. in maintaining this “liaison” the presence of Mr. Boyden in Parls is regarded as essential. Should future events in Germany or elsewhere make the proceedings of the reparations commission of less interest to tie United States, it was said that he would be recailed immediately. Regarding advices.from Paris, reiter- ating _official _declarations that the French government did not consider it had been “officially” advised of the American plan for the appointment of an international commission of finan- clal experts to examine the economic condition of ~Germany, government spokesmen sald they regarded such a dispute to be too trivial for discussion now. Fully Aware of Plan. There can be no doubt that France was fully and officially aware of the American plan, It is understood here that the first impression In France was that the financial commission was to be vested with decisive authority to settle the reparations problem. This impres- sion was promptly corrected by the American, government and Premier Poincare“was definitely informed that the status of the commission was to be that of an advisory body; that its findings need not be conciusion nor would France be bound to sup- port them. Reserve Comment on Boyden. It was then suggested, according to authoritative sources, that the French government was sanguine of an agreement among the allied pre- miers at their Paris conference, but there is nothing to show that Premier ‘oincare made any effort to reconsider the American suggestion after that meeting had failed to settle the rep rations problem. Comment was reserved today on the views expressed by Mr. Boyden on reparations payments at the meeting of the reparations commission which declared Germany to be in default of coal. Mr, Boyden has communicated the substance of his statements and it is learned that he confined himself strictly to the question of reparations payments in suggesting that phases of the treaty of Versailles dealing with this matter evidently needed re- vision. Detailed Orders Mailed. The War Department mailed de- tailed orders to Gen. Alien last night, amplifying the cable message sent earlier in.the day ordering him to prepare for immediate withdrawal to the port of embarkation. The mes- sage sal “The-President has declded to return to, the United States immediately all troops of your command, except graves registration service. “The St. Mihiel making one trip only. Will be dispatched from New York about January 12 to Bremen or Ham- burg. Cable which you want. Excess Supplies to Be Sold. “You will utilize the maximum capacity of this vessel for cartying personnel and all freight except offi- cers mounts. Excess supplies will be disposed of in accordance with law and regulations. Exocess personnel will be transported on commercial liner to New York, arrangements to be made by you."” The message continued that the St Mihfel, upon its return, would touch first at Savannah, Ga., then to Charles- ton, 8. C, and finally to New York, various units of the returning mili- tary forces having individual orders to ‘disembark at each port. Foch Expected to Take Charge. The various organizations compris- ing ‘the army of occupation was In- structed to return only with indi. vidual juipment, color: EX-GRECIAN RULER DIES IN PALERMO Constantine Succumbs to At- tack of Cerebral Hemor- rhage in Exile Home. I FORCED OUT BY ALLIES Plunged Country Into Disastrous | War Following His Return to Throne. By the Aseociated Press. PALERMO, Siclly, January 11.— Former King Constantine of Greece dled suddenly here today of cerebral hemorrhage. FOBCED OUT BY ALLIES. Constantine Victim of Efforts to Lend Aid to Germany. The death of ex-King Constantine of Greece came after a serles of try- ing experiences which the former| ruler of the Hellenes had undergone, beginning with the outbreak of the world war. Constantine was forced off the throne of Greece by the allies in 1917 after he had successfully resisted nu- merous attempts to bring Greece into | the war on the side of the allies. In exile until after the war's close, Con- stantine was called back to Greece in 1920 and resumed the throne. Under his renewed relgn Greece plunged into the war with Turkey in Asia Minor, Constantine personaily going to the front at one period of the campaign Last fall came the disaster to the Greek forces in Asia Minor, speedily followed by the revolution in Greece, which again swept Constantine of? the throne. He abdicated and retired lo Italy and has been making his home recently at Palermo. Events Preceding War, The treaty of Sevres, by the sign- ing of which peace was declared be- tween the allies and Turkey, gave the Greeks control of Smyrna and the greater part of Thrace, which, for centuries, had been Turkish territory. The Turkish nationalists, led by Mustapha Kemal Pashg, 'in revolt against the Constantinople govern- ment, opposed the provisions of the treaty -awarding those regions to Greece, and, as a result, in the spring of 1921 the question of revising the document was discussed at an allied conference in London attended by representatives of the peoples in- volved. Despite Greek protests, the treaty was modified, and this, to- gether with reports of Turkish atroc- itles against Greek colonles in_ Asia Minor, led ‘to war between the_forces of Constantine and Mustapha Kemal. Constantine, after several Greek successes, took the fleld against the Turks in Anatolia in July, 1921, with the hope, it was thought, of quleting factional strife &t home and further strengthening his popularity. The capture of Eski-Shehr, an important railway Jjunction, from the Turks shortly after the king's artival at the fron# was the signal for wild defhonstrations in Athens, the crowds marching through the streets and ac- claiming Constantine and the Greek nation. - The Turks, outnumbered, were driven back toward Angora, | the nationalist capital:’ During the fighting Constantine was stricken with intestinal trouble at Eski-Shehr and at one time remained unconscious for twenty minutes, doctors being summoned from Athens to save his e. Constantine’s devotion to the cause of Germany and the central powers THE COLLECTOR. Death Follows His Abdication FORMER KING CONSTANTIN! REFUSE COLLECTION FACES CURTAILING Appropriation Nearly Run Out for Garbage, Ashes and Trash. The current appropriation for col- lection of garbage, ashes and trash is running low and this service may have to be curtailed before July 1 unless additional funds are obtained from Congress to carry the city ref- use division through the remainder of the fiscal year. Approximately $90,000 is said to be the amount needed in the supple- mental estimates to enable the Com- lections of household refuse from now until July 1. If retrenchment steps should be- come necessary in the spring the Commissioners probably will main- tain regular garbage collections and let the curtailment fall on ashes and trash. Because of its very. nature, kitchen waste could not be allowed to accumulate in backyards. Increase in Garbage. It is understood that an increase of of garbage being collected this year, as comparedl with last year, s one of more than 15 per cent in the volume the reasons why the current allot- ment of $750,000 for miscellaneous refuse is proving inadequate. The city refuse division is another of the branches of the municipal gov- erpment that is affected directly by thx increasing number of dwellings. The House, in passing the appropri- ation bill for the next fiscal year, recognized the inadequacy of current appropriations for this activity by in- creasing them, and city officlals are (Continued on Page 2, Column 5.) (Continued on Page 2, Column 7.) The Foenirig Hfar 'Is for sale by newsboys and newsdealers throughout the city. If you are interested in final financial reports; the court calendar for tomorrow ; results of the day’s sports; and the very last word of important news from all over the world— It’s all in the 5:30 Edition of The Star missioners to maintain regular col- | “From Press to Home : Within the Hour” _ The Star’s carrier systém covers cy( block and delivered to Wasl as the papers are printed, regular edition is_ homes as fast Yesterday's Net Circulation, 93,486 ANewswuae SN DO PRESIDENT LAUDS INDUSTRIAL WOMEN Broader and More Intimate Activity Justified, He Says, in Letter. INVITED TO WHITE HOUSE Secretary Davis Addresses Confer- ence Representing 41 States at Museum. Revolutionary change that has tak- en place in the status of women in | the world of business and affairs has not only justified but necessitated that broader and more intimate activ- ity of women in behalf of the par- ticular phases of public and social in- terests which especially appgal to them, President Harding sgid in a message read at the opening session of the women's industrial confbrénce held today at the New National Mu- seum. \ The President's message was read {to the conference by Secretary of | Labor James J. Davis, who said the President also had issued through jhim an invitation to the more than }350 woman delegates to the confer- ence to visit the White House. The text of the message of the President follows: “My Dear Mr. Secretary: 1 am writing you this letter at the last moment, because I find my hope of being able to extend in person a | greeting at the opening session of the women's” industrial conference is doomed to disappointment by reason of insistent duties elsewhere. 1 wish you would express my most cordial greetings to ,the gathering and the assurance df my most sincere interest in its purposes. “Long before women were called to that broader participation in public affairs, which is now both their duty and the public's advantage, I was, personally, strongly convinced of the great benefits which would be derived from a more insistent expression and more general consideration of wom- an's pofnt of view in relation to social and industrial concerns. “The revolutionary change that has taken place in the status of woman in the worlds of business and affairs has {not only justified but necessitated that broader and more intimate activity of ‘women in behalf of the particular phases of public and social interests which espe- clally appeal to them. Conferences and contihuing _organized activities of the kind represented by the pres- ent gathering are certain to be of very definite public> benefit, and 1 have mpch pleasure and satis. faction in welcoming the present gath- ering to Washington and in expressing the hope that its considerations may prove as helpful as its most ardent sup- porters could possibly wish. Most sin- cerely yours, (Signed.) “WARREN G. HARDING. “HON. JAMES J. DAVIS, “Secretary of Labor, Washington, D. C.” Protection in Industry. Protection of women ‘in industry from exploitation as to wages, work- ing hours and working conditions and removal of mothers from industry were the keynotes of an address by Secretary Davis, delivered Immediate- ly after the Labor Secretary had read the message from the Preeident. “Today more than one-fifth of the women of the United States are em- ployed in gainful octupations,” the Secretary sald, “an& more than one- tenth'of the married women of the nation are so-employed. These fig- ures demonstrate clearly the need for thorough consideration of the prob- léms - which confront these mothers !and potential mothers of our citizens of the future. Lpon the right solu- tion of these problems depends our very existence as a natlon. “I say here and now, and I shail (Continued on Page 2, Column 2.) SENATE BEGINS ON D. C. MEASURE TOMORROW Commissioners Will Be Heard by Subcommittee After Execu- tive Session. The Senate appropriations subcom- mittee in charge of the District of Columbia appropriations bill, will be- gin work on that measure tomorrow morning at 9 o'clock, Senator Phipps, chairman, said today. The committee will first hold a brief executive ses- d then will hear the District s TWO CENTS. MELLON EXPECTS EARLY AGREEMENT ONBRITAIN'S DEBT Plaq for Refunding Four Bil- lions May Be Fixed by January 20. LIBERAL POLICY ADOPTED BY AMERICAN CONFEREES Most of Money Loaned to England Was Spent in This Country. Chairman Mellon of the American Debt Commission was represented to- day as feeling certain that an agree- ment for the refunding of the British debt of more than four billions of dol- lars would be reached before the ten- tative sailing date of the British debt commission on January 20. The conversations between the debt commissions thus far and the great mass of data submitted by the Brit- ish delegation was beleived to have cleared the way for an early discus- slon of terms. It was declared to be practically certain that the plan of settlement would contemplate an ar- rangement of considerably more liber- ality than would be possible under the 1imitatlons lald down by Congress. Money Spent in United States. While it was emphasized that the British had as yet made no definite proposal regarding time of payment and the interest rate to be charged, it was made known that the American commission was inclined to view the whole situation in a most friendly spirit by reason not alone of the world economic situation, but also because the money advanced to the British gov- ernment during the war was spent al- most entirely in the United States, giv- ing profits to American workers and manufacturers and large revenues to the American government through col- lection of taxes. There were two principal ways to pay the debt. it was pointed out by members of the American commission today in discussing the negotations, namely, in gold or by exchange and the trade balances of the world. Figures presented by the British to the American debt-funding commis- sion indicate that Great Britain's total external and internal debt amounts to about £1,700,000,000, it was learned indirectly today. This debt, coupled with the serious unemployment situation in Great Britain, it was learned, has made some impression upon the American commission. Ono report today was that the Brit- ish declared they were paying £2,001 000 a_ week in doles to the unem- loyed. D% the British had already pointed out, it was explained, to pay in gold would be impassible. The remaining alternative, to pay through the me- dium of exchange would involve the “complex trade machinery of the world” Thus the problem was ren- dered of world-wide significance with practically an obligation upon Amer- ica In these critical days to give “liberal treatment to 2 good cus- tomer.” Meeting Today. The two commissions planned to meet this afternoon at the Treasury Department. While the general situation in Europe was understood to be in the minds of all the commissioners of both countries, it was revealed by an American member of the conference that the crisis in Eurppe brought about by the failure of the premiers’ conference in Paris, the march of the French into the Ruhr, and the with- drawal of American troops from the | Rhine had not been specifically dis- cussed in connection with the nego- tlations. The British accepted the debt at its face value and informal discussions would continue toward “something definite.” At the recommendation of Secretary Mellon and Senator Smoot, republican, Utah, who also is a member of the American commission, the Senate finance committee today decided to delay action for the present on the resolution of Senator Harris, demo- crat, Georgla, proposing the addition of three democrats to the commission. AIR MAIL TO CUBA. HAVANA, Cuba, January 11.— Aerial mail service between the United States and Cuba is to be in- augurated today by the American Post Office Department, when the sea- plane Columbus of the Aero Mail Air- ways, Inc, which has been awarded the ‘mafl-carrying contract, leaves Key West and Havana. The company expects soon to perform a similar service for the Cuban govern- ment between Havana and Key West. Weather permitting, the mail planes will make the trip six days a week. GARMENT STRIKE LOOMS. MONTREAL, January 11.—Unless the piece-work system is abolished a general strike in the garment in- dustry in the United States and Canada is unavoidable, it was de- clared at a session of the executive commiittee of the International Gar- ment Workers’' Unilon, in sesslon here, Delegations of manufacturers. who told the committee that employers would resist an attempt to establish a weekly salary basis of pay were informed that the rank and file of the workers were prepared to walk qut if the plece-work system was in- augurated. A delegation of Philadelphia manu- facturers urged the abolition of the plece-work and advised the unfon committee to stand firm. They con- tradicted claims of employers from New York and other big centers of the industry that week-work pay would lower man-production and so increase costs as to cause widespread “Jockouts.” : REPORT ON PALESTINE. NEW YORK, January 11.—The Pal- estine Foundation fund (Keren Haye- sod) expended £461,628, or approxi- mately $2,000,000, during the ye: ending September 30, 1922, for devel. opment of Palestine as a homeland for Hebrews, sald a report made pub- le by Hermann Conheim, treasurer. Of the fund, 70 per cent of which was raised in America, £85,457 was used in medical and sanitation work, £75,- 223 for ueat! £73,029 for culturs colonization, £59,920 fo migration: and_£32,068 for labor,