Evening Star Newspaper, August 21, 1921, Page 29

PREMIERS TO FIGHT FOR SUPPORT OF U. S. Lloyd George and Briand Will Air World and Nationalistic Issues With Hope of Obtaining America’s O. K. BY OLIVER OWEN KUHN. HOSE statesmen of Europe who' expect to participate in the ' disarmament conference to be held in Washington in No- vember are already packing their dip- lomatic kit bags, and when they ar- rive in Washington there will be aired a flood of views and arguments for practical settlement of every question ¢ pending before the world today. There ma,; be serious attempts to curtail the scope of discussion, con- fining deliberations to the main ques tions Involved, disarmament and the questions pertainng to the Pacific, but it can be taken for granted that Lloyd George and Briand, the leaders of old world diplomacy, are not coming to this conference and not take advan- tage of the occasion to peddle their nationalistic political wares. Both might be likened to traveling salesmen who are coming here to sell their goods. And goods they have in plenty, but whether the American government will choose to listen and thereby involve this country in many selfish schemes is another question. Wil Seek Triple Alliance. Premier Lloyd George will undoubt- edly try to bring about a great triple alliance between the United States, Japan and Great Britain. During the week just closed he announced that this is one of the things to be striven for, making it plain to those in America who have hoped for such centuality, that Great Britain would not and could not turn her back upon any Anglo-Japanese alliance. This, notwithstanding the fact that there is a strong division of opinion among the dominion council as to the advisabllty of perpetrating a war- time agreement which in peace time may commit Great Britain to Japan's aspirations in the far east. Not that Japan is to be mistrusted—she through the decades of her relation- ships with the outslde world not hav-| ing once betraved the confidences | placed in her—but England, a certain portion of her statesmanship at least, | believes that in case of conflict with America England might be drawn in, notwithstanding specific stipulations to the contrary. However, if Lloyd George can obtain the consent of this country to enter a triple agreement pertaining to far eastern questions he will believe that he has removed the possibilities of war in the Paci- fic and at the some time kept England alligned with Japan in such fashion | as to protect the tuture of England's | Pacific dominions. Of course, disarmament will hel backed by Lloyd George, but inas- much’ as he is one of thd cleverest politicians in -the world today, he may endeavor to hook up the dis- armament question with the great al- liance. In case of a_ deadlock over many pending issues, the Lioyd Geprge plan might win, but it surely would meet tremendous_opposition from a great section of the American people, so much, in fact, that it might fail of ratification even though jndorsed by the American delegates to the con- ference. Would Make It Second Paris. Lloyd Georgian policies pertaining to strictly European question are certain to be brought forth. If there is any bellef in Washington that European premiers and delegates will r BY JOHN ALLEN MURPHY, In Printers’ Ink Monthly. apoleon’s military genius consisted mainly of three qualities—his apprecia- tion of the value of time, his knowledge of local geography and his courage to strike hard at the proper moment. That is why he was always taking slower- thinking generals by surprise. It seems to me that the noted Corsi- can’s Btrategy is applicable to advertis- ing. Whether or not they do so con- sclously, great advertiisers employ sales tactics that bear a striking resemblance to the military methods of Napoleon. They are always outflanking their com- i petitors, usually taking them by sur- prise. Particularly is this true during periods of business depressfon, when mgen of little courage think it is no use to advertise. It is also true to a lesser @egree during times of great prosperity, ‘when men of no vision imagine that it is unnecessary to’ advertise. It is this bivouacking tendency of his ‘&ompetitors that gives the seasoned ad- vertiser his best opportunity. By at- tacking the market when his competi- tors are at rest he is usually able to counquer it and drive them from their positions before they are able to assem- ble their forces to resist the onslaught. Advertising forces cannot be mobilized quickly. It takes time for advertising to attain its object. The advantage, therefore, is entireley with the ag- gressor. s Gaim in Times of Stress. That is why so many manufacturers make their greatest progress during times of stress. They find it easier to advance then because the competition is Jess. Trade channels are not so crowd- ed. Fewer concerns are bidding for the business to be had. Fewer advertisers aré clamoring for the attention of buy- ers. Logically, thene, it is the propitious occasion for these manufacturers to push their propositions. In playing cards, in p tennis or golf or base blll\ in jove—in fact, in all_the affairs of life, whether personal or business—the fellow who gets the bulge on his antagonist is the one who follows up his advantages the hardest. The Victor Talking Machine Com- pany, the Eastman Kodak Comipany, the iam Wrigley, Jr., m the lifornia Fruit Growers’ the B. F. Goodrich Company, the American Tobacco Company, Schaffner & Marx and dozens of other advertisers whosé names are household words know that it pays-to be the r in & ‘market. When competitors are anent winter quarters into perm: o !‘::‘Drevhre to take the fleld. others are curtailing their ad: these concerns usually increase appropriations. The more others relax, the more firmly they put on selling pressure. Avert Business Depression. But how can these companies afford to increase their investment in the mar- ket in periods of business stagnation? Are they not paying more for sales than the business is worth? Wouldn't it be better for them to conserve their ré- sources and to wait until conditions im- prove before splurgiag? 3 The answer to these questions is that there is no business depression in the affairs of the aggressive operator. An economist said the other day that even in times of panic the country does ag dustries do not suffer at all. actually show an increase during a de- They may e e —— HOW BUSINESS MAY BE CREATED . DURING PERIODS OF DEPRESSION not strive to make the disarmament conference a second Paris peace con- ference and strike balances and reach agreements which will tend to re- move vexatious sores on the conti- nental body politic with the purpose of American indorsement, this idea should be diesipated at once. An at- tempt is certain to be made to make a complete survey, always with the idea of securing American commit- ments or indorsements. While Lloyd George will advance his pet theories and panaceas for ‘world ills, pressing them at every op- portunity, Premier Briand, who it definitely announced will be in Wash. ington, also will come ready for fight for the things France desire: France wants complete co-operation of America in all her foreign ques- tions, at least American approval France believes that if ever a time of danger should come in Europe Amer- ica might be expected to assist France in her conflict. French statesmen of today are endeavoring as they never endeavored before to create a sentl- ment in America for France that will throw the weight of the United States agalnst France’s énemies in case of another war. This is well known and the cause of comment among the dip- lomatic corps scattered throughout world capitals. If this were not true, it is pointed out, France would not have been ®o quick to give blanket and unqualified indorsement to the disarmament conference plan even be- fore it was known what scope it might take or what America would insist upon in the conferente proper. The quick indorsement of America’s stand without knowing just what it would be has been censured in Paris and there are strong undercurrents against Briand’s participation in the conference, it being stated in more conservative French quarters that he may go too far in committing France to America’s support in any and all issues involved. Briand Wishes Support. But Briand will be here and Briand may be expected to back the entire program of American delegates. For Briand _wishes American support against Lloyd George should the lat- ter espouse theories antagonistic to those held in Paris. As a result of the endeavors of Lloyd George and Briand to further their own ideas of world adjustment and at the same time perpetuate na- tional advantage over the other, it may be expected that the coming con- ference will in large measure see a constant tug of war between the two schools of political thought. Even though certain European questions may be in a measure settled by the time the conference begins, German disarmament, reparations and eco- nomic agreements with Germany and over which there has been such _division of obpinion between Lloyd George and Briand, will be trotted out and fights waged. That is, unless the American delegates an- nounce an agenda and stand firm for a program that in all ways steers clear of strictly European question: for any American delegation to take such a stand, for all world problem: diplomatic, polotical, economic and financial are so interwoven as to pre- clude discussion of one and precluding the other. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that Lloyd George, and Briand will, struggle for advantage, always with eye single to obtaining comfort in their ambitious plans from the American government. of pression. The average percentage is likely to business done, therefore, compare very favorably with nol Certainly there is still sufficient oppor- tunity for the energetic advertiser. There is an even brighter side to the question. Many mammoth concerns in this country, though extraordinarily suc- cessful, do a small percentage of the business in their line. The giant mail- order trade, for example, is probably a great deal less than 5 per cent of it done by competing retailers. In many industries a concern that gets 25 per cent of the business is a whopper. Several oroganizations that are popu- larly known as “trusts” do less than 50 per cent of the business in their flelds. Leave Field Open. ‘What difference, then, does it make it the entire industry’s sales drop off only 20 or 30 per ceat? The company which never got over 10 or 15 per cent of the whole need not lose any of its just share because the industry is lagging. In fact, as I have already shown, by pushing its advantage it can actually show an increase. ‘Though the industry may have lost 30 per cent of its usual volume, many concerns in it may have relaxed their efforts 50 per cent. Their relaxation leaves the field open for their more wideawake “competitors to gain the business that they lose. The lethargy of one company makes it all the eas- fer for its more energetic and cour- ageous competitor. For instance, though. the tire industry is supposed to be demoralized, several manufac- turers are holding their own. At least one company is registering enormous gains. You know how the automo- bile business is. Nevertheless at least four companies are doing more busi- ness than ever right now. A number of the most solidly estab- lished manufacturers got their real start during the panic of 1907, when many of their competitors had run to cover till the storm had passed. No time is so easy to get distribution for a new product or in new channels as when business is reputed to be bad. To.chresent.Dcpartmen; Of Commerce in Cuba | THE'“é'UNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., AUGUST 21, 1921—PART 2. THE STORY THE WEEK HAS TOLD BY HENRY W. BUNN. (Copyright, 1921, by The Wl‘hl"hll Star.) HE Tfollowing 1s a brief summary-ot the most important news of the world for the seven dsys ended August 20 THE BRITISH EMPIRE.—Addressing the house of commons on Thursday, Lloyd George said: “If the alllance with Japan could emerge into a greater understanding with Japan and the United States on all problems of the Pacifio, that would be a great event which would be a guarantee for the peace of the world.” : That was an important statement. But still more important were Lloyd George's remarks justitying the decision of the imperial council of premiers not to denounce the Anglo-Japa- nese. treaty. He reminded his hearers that transport of 1,600,000 troops from Australia, New Zealand and India to the great war fronts was safeguarded by the Japanese mavy; that co-operation of the Japanese navy, he said, was one of the determined factors of the war. “Our allies loyally carried out their obligation,” he continued. “Is it to be suggested that we should now turn round and say to them: ‘You stood by us in trouble, but we do not need .you any longer, so good-bye?” The British empire must behave like a gentleman. I do not be- lieve any country of the world would think better of the British empire if we had broken oft_the alliance.” giving notice: to the world that the Anglo- Japanese alliance will tontipue, unless ex- panded into a tripartite agreement between the British Empire, the United States and Japan; fact of first importance in speculation on the ‘Washington conference. The announcement, however, does not absolutely forbid the idea of a still greater expansion of the Anglo-Japa- nese alliance. It is reported that the British export trade 1n coal is picking up rapidly. It may be as well to leave the Irish ques- tion alone. Perhaps, as some think, a certain clause, rather cloudily worded, in Mr. De Valera’s letter of reply to the British cabinet's proposals was intended to suggest the pos- sibility of acceptance of a dominion status for Ireland, provided the British would concede® still more and provided Ulster would assent to Irish unity. Perhaps, though Mr. De Valera and his cabinet be absolutely intransigent, the full body of the dail eireann, now- in lon and about to consider the British proposals and a reply thereto, will be found more concilia- tory; perhaps, though themselves unwilling to accept less than absolute independence, the members of the dail eireann will feel it their duty to put it up to the people of southern Ire- land by a referendum or by new elections. And then again perhaps not, in all the above cases. * * k X TPPER SILESIA.—German press comment on the eve of the recent meeting of the supreme council was characteristic and unusually inter- esting. (My quotations are taken from trans- lations appearing in the New York Times.) According to the German press, the future welfare of mankind depends on complete satis- ®action of German claims regarding Upper Silesia. A compromise, say the Germans, would be almost as disastrous as complete victory for the Polish claims. The Wirth government would fall, and any successor, even should it not repudiate the Londop program, would fong and: prepare for “der tag” of repudiation. The German youth, now inclined to conciliation and liberal views, would turn black reactionarles. An anti-German decision would mever be recognized by Germany; she would bide her time. ‘Vorwaerts makes a pathetic plea: “Germany 1s (despite the way she has been treated) still ready for reconciliation.and honest fylfiliment of her obligations. It is perbaps thg greatest tragedy in world history that.France will not see this Germany. What the supreme council decides/ in the next few days can decisively influence history for decades.” In short, Ger- many is ready for reconciliation, provided she gets Upper Silesia entire. Otherwise, war sooner or later. Lloyd George seems to be - Tageblatt appesls to England’s self-interest: “On the day when an appreciable part of Upper Silesia should be torn from Germany and handed over to Poland,” France would completely dominate Europe; the balance of power i Burope, so precious to British states- men, would be completely destroyed. Ab, then, ~ “perhaps England will seek in a ‘rapprochement’ with Germany a counter weight to the Franco-Polish bloc. This would be extraordi- narily advantageous to both nations and serve peace.” £ - The suprems council sent notes to the Berlin and Warsaw governments, requesting. them to take preécautions to prevent a clash in Upper Silesia, pending the efforts of the league council to decide on a boundary line. The French think there is danger of & clash; the British apparently do not. The Germans allege heavy concentrations of armed Poles just across the border from Upper Silesia, and preparations for a new finsurrection within and a new in- vasion of Upper Silesia; the Poles indignantly deny such allegations. An Associated Press: report from Kattowitz declares everything quiet in Upper Silesia and industry proceeding nor- mally. It has been suggested that' the league council go outside the terms of its invitation from the supreme council (to ‘“recommend a lin¢ outside the treaty clauses, and recom- mend autonomy for Upper Silesia under league protection. This seems hardly likely, but the league council has a wonderful opportunity to win for the league a prestige now lacking to it by working out a statesmanlike solution; a task at which a Solomon would balk. * x k% RUSBIA.—At last on the 18th, after more than a week of negotiations with Walter L. Brown, European director of the American Rellef Administration, M. Litvinov, the repre- sentative of the Moscow government, acceded to every condition laid down by Mr. Hoover to govern the conduct of American rellef work. ‘There is to be no interference, no pestering inquisition by the soviet authorities; and they promise co-operation up to the limit of their resources. The bolshevists say (and perhaps thi for they are a genuinely suspicious sort) t they run a risk of anti-bolshevist propa- gands and intrigue under cover of rellef work. The Americans perhaps think that they are running some risk in accepting bolshevist as- surance. To the last Litvinov clung to his alternative proposition—that the bolshevis ‘control the American organization or that the Americans use the bolshevist organization. Obvlously a spurious alternative; bolshevist control was contemplated in either case. So almost a_preclous week was wasted by M. Litvin in trying to make good his bluff that fet “government is handling the whole ‘we cannot abdicate any of our pre- rogatives.” Now American rellef will be rushed with utmost energy. American Relief Adminis- tration stores In depot at Danzig and else- ‘where in Europe will be dispatched to Russia at once. At New York and other American ports ships are already loading with goods for the mouths on the Volgia—i.e., for children and the sick of whatever age. At Gepeva the other day met representa- tives of various charitable organizations—the league of Red Cross societies, the credit relief commission of the league of nations, sunédry German and other societies. The representa- tives present seem to have pledged their several societies to co-operative effort, and Mr. Hoover and Dr. Nansen were named high com- missioners, with power to make agreements with the Muscovite authorities on behalf of this alliance. A delegation from the Geneva conference, headed by the general secretary of the International Red Cross organization and including a member of the credit relief com- mission of the league of nations, is already in Riga, in conyersation with Litvinov. Nansen is expected there shortly. It is not likely that Mr. Hoover will accept the appointment as high comniissioner. Mr. Hoover intimated that to attempt to co-ordinate American relief (so much farther toward functioning than Euro- pean relief) with the Geneva scheme would produce lost motion; better co-ordinate in _Angora, the nationalist capital. " Alexander, Russia itself. The varfous Anierican socletles (such as the American Red Cross, the American Friends’ Service Committee, etc.) which are to assist in Russian rellef are co-ordinated for this purpose under the control of the American Re- lief Administration, of which Mr. Hoover is head. ‘The supreme council, before its adjournment, decided to appoint an international reltef com- mission, to co-ordinate all the relief efforts of the world, governmental and private, on Russia’s behalf; but what has been done pur- suant to this decision does not appear. Lord Curzon has been suggested as supreme head because of his experience of famine in India. The scheme is plausible, but of doubtful utility. ‘The American and Geneva organizations might be thought to present all the machinery re- quired. The French, for example, have pro- posed to turm over their relief supplies and personnel to be administered by the Americans. * ok ok * NEAR EAST.—A report, now a week old, from Angora stated that King Hussein of Hejaz, Sheref of Mecca, had proclaimed a holy war to ai it the Turkish nationalists. The report is doubtful for sundry reasons, not least of which is the fact that it comes from A good deal we do not know about must be going on or projected, it Hussein has repudiated the British connection, which has done so much for his house. The British have protected his royal i honors (otherwise precarious), have made his son Abdullah governor of Trans-Jordania, and ‘were (no longer are presumably, if the Angora report is true) about to install his son Faisal as Emir of Mesopotamia. . According to reports from Athens, the Greeks have resumed their offensive in Ana- tolia. Four Greek columns are dfiving toward Angora and one toward Ismid. Sivrihish has been taken, and some of the Greek troops are on the Sakaria, a deep stream’ without bridges, where the Turks have been expected to make a stand th powerful prepared positions. But one Greek column, say the reports, is crossing the salt desert to the south with a view to flanking the Turkish positions. The Turks, ac- cording . to the same source, are evacusting Angora and Ismid. The Greeks, it seems, are taking great pains to secure their lines of communication, as it greatly behooves them to do. Thosé lines are becoming dangerously long, as Marshal Foch told the supreme counctl. * ¥ % % UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.—The President has signed the packers control bill. A great deal of fur is flying in the Senate and in conference over the “anti-beer” bill. One senator ventured to say that the “safeguarding of the constitutional rights of citizens is a mat- ter of far greater importance than any ques- tion involved in prahibition enforcement.” * % % ¥ MISCELLANEOUS.—Spanish reinforcements have inflicted a severe defeat on the tribesmen in the Spanish zone of Morocco, who in recent fighting had killed 3,000 Spaniards and cap- tured considerable booty. The supreme council at its recent session took action toward relleving the critical state of Austria to the extent of adopting a resolu- tion begging the governments of the United States, Rumania and Serbla to postpone for twenty years their claims against Austria; upon such generous action, says the resolution, depends the life of Austria. King Peter of Serbia is dead. since 1914 regent, dangerously i1l of appendicitis. Dispatches from Viadivostok and Manchuria state that the government of the Far Eastern Republic has been overthrown by an uprisiyg of anti-bolshevist elements of the Chita popu- lace, in which, anti-bolshevist troops of the re- bublic joined. Gen. Sternberg (that chief of bandits and pretender to the role of white Republic has been overthrown by an uprising according to the same dispatches, he has al- most completely defeated the red troops which have been supporting the Chita government, and has driven them out of the republic's ter- ritory. A matter of great importance. The new king, is in Paris Communism in Russia Is Slowly Passing, | But Sudden Collapse of Soviet Unlikely| 0 NGRASE TRADE Former Premier of Italy. HAVE always been decldedly opposed to bolshevism, even ‘when certain currents of opin- BY FRANCESCO NITTI, l ifon manifested themselves in favor of recognizing the republic of the soviets. It is impossible to recognize a state which is based on violence and which, in its rela- tions with othér states, almost in- variably has in view the accom- plishment of an activé revolution- ary propaganda. At the very out- side, limited commercial agree- ments might be arrived at, to the exclusion of cordial international relations. Ancient Italy was, throughout her history, the most hospitable o} countries; the cult of her “fa- clals,” or herald priests, was the gult of sound international laws. Rome extended a generous wel- come to all religions to all peoples. But even the most tolerant of * states cannot recognize those who violate the laws of hospitality by promoting disorders in the coun- tries which harbor them. Unfortu- nately, if the com})leu absence of relations with Russia is harmful to the economic situation of the ‘whole world, Italy may be said to b2 the greatest sufferer from this state of things. More than any other country Italy feels the sever- ing of trade relations with Russia, because practically the whole of her commerce and consequently the price of freights and of mer- chandise have been based for over half a century on her traffic with the Black sea. 3 * %k kX ‘The ships which left British ports with a full cargo for Italy usually went on to the Black sea, where they took in a cargo of oil, grain, etc., and returned to England, after calling for extra cargo at Italian ports and for iron ore in Spain. For quite a long period Italy en- joyed very favorable freight rates and paid for her coal almost at the same rates at which it was quoted in England. Russia’s present situation 1s, therefore, chiefly damaging to Italy. Great Britain has Mediter- ranean ‘interes nce is partly a Mediterranean nation, but Italy is wholly and exclusively a Medit- erranean natios. Although, Italy has & special interest in resuming direct relations "with Russia, the Italian government has understood that the best and shortest way does mot_ crasint i ~ farmal recog ition "of the government of Mo her trust. ity. Russian The which, belonging ta. the anci -regime have for have recognized in these reaction- ary armies the real and legal gov: ernment of Russia. Finally, whicl is graver still, some of the coun- tries of the entente have subor- dinated their recognition to cer- > tain ,unjust guarantees on Rus- sia’s part, including the promise to fulfil_all her obligations, includ- ing, above all, the payment of her pre-war debts. x4 KK It would have been impossible to follow a more mistaken course, But two facts have taken place which are leading us, quite apart from, and, indeed, in spite of any political action on our part, toward 2 new settlement of our, relations with Russia, The first is that all the military enterprises launched against the government of Moscow have ended 80 disastrously that the entente governments have given up all idea of promoting fresh attempts.’ history had ever taught anything, these grave errors might easily have been avoided. after the military reverses of the generals of the.old regime that western Europe finally opened her eyes and would have nothing to do with the Denikens and Wrangles, in whom she had foofishly plaged The second fact, of first-rate im- portance. is Russia's = steady progressive abandonment of the communist system. ‘We cannot dlagnose bolshevism correctly with our western mental- It is not a popular or revo- lutionary movement, but the re- ligious fanaticism of eastern ortho- doxy grafted on to the trunk of czarist despotism. adopted by Lenin in establishing his supremacy do not differ fund: mentally from those by which. the Russian empire, originally nothing but the duchy of Muskovy, veloped into the most colossal state of the world. centralizing bolshevismi without the slightest originality, in the political footsteps of czarism. * ¥ k X - But the most important phenome- non which we are now witnessing 1s that of the rapid collapse of com- mu organization. - In all proba- bility the outcome of the.revolution- ary avalanche which has submerged Russia will be, in a few years, a regime of small landed an peasani go in for farming unless in their own interest, and have éven aban- doned time-honored forms of collec- tive ownership in order to proclaim' their faith in lndmdull,mreru. government of Mo#scow fitself, up till last to to the working masses, disaster and ruin. * *x k% - judged from a different trary to human nature understand or define. in our reckonings: bid It was only appear to bear without and - Russ| Therefore, hope for the “\tined to disappointmen The methods entente so absurd and tory, * % % ¥ de- Buresucratic and follows, mation of -} by the péasantry.- Russi cannot take place but- aster, and necessartly help of Germany. property. ts nowadays do not and revolution hav of weal réconstruction. © Th ist regime will tastro] but rather ‘which istic u i S See ke ‘as & - cessity of life; it will tri h over all doul to lie in promoting and eftbtraging individual effort and interest. The Russian communist experi- ment may be regarded as a com- plete failure, inasmuch as instead of proving an attractive ‘example . vealed itself as a short cut to utter It does not follow, however, that Russia’s present stituation may be than in the past. What is con- | be durable, and all that commun- ism could do was to keep up mis- ery and ruin from which a new form of life may emerge, a form of life which we cannot as yet well But bolshe- vist Russia can rely on two ele- ments which do net usually figure The apathy and indolence of the people on the one side and a.powerful military or- ganization dn the other. Ple, save the Russian, would have resignedly undergone the immense misery and unfold sufferings which many tens of millions of Russians But, on the other hand, it must be admitted that no other people, plunged in so0 deep a ‘morass of ml. ery and suffering, could possibly have organized and maintained so powerful and well disciplined an army l..“ the army of revolutionary ?llpth?fle thl fondly " impendin, the Rusala. of the soviets are dess hopes are based on the same ideas and prejudices which have -hith- erto rendered the: policy of the ia must still go thro long period of depression. not possible to count on a rapid revival of her economic activity, but we can easily foresee the dis- _appearence of.all forms of com- munistic production and the for- property held '8 ecgnomic resurrection gradually, after so great a dil The Germans alone will be able to revive the ° immense territories which laid wasts the Germans will reorganize the industries and create new sources th. No other country of Europe could glve Russia so numer- ous and productive an army of 1 are faced by b to_overcome positions created by end of the Russian-commun- not come &8 a Ca- and cont! um":onun;.”'c‘p. :‘t:l' ctior, space and is precluded from the sea, will apply her patient effort to the task. * % % % We must continue in our policy of not recognizing the - govern- ment of the soviets, but, we must likewise abandon all thoughts of military enterprises, which only regult in attracting widespread sympathies to the Russian revolu- tionaries, including those of their bitterest enemies. Humanity has now made so dis astrous an experiment of com- munism that qnly madmen might be tempted to’repeat it. And it 18 to be Koped that the fall of the communist regime and the return, however slow, to an individual- istic eoonomic system will be brought about by the same men who made the revolution. The laws of life will once more reveal themselves as being infinitely s perior to any metaphysical pro- gram or to any ideological delu- sion. It will be the same men of communism, who, with new laws and new measures, will prepare the resurrection of capitalistic ~gconomy, the ®nly onme capable of exploiting to the advantage of mankind the immense riches buried in the earth and the price- less treasures of work and energy hidden away under the present veil of apathy, which holds the Russian people as underneath a cloud. (Copyright, 1821.) GEN. WOO0D’S STATUS. Doubtful if He Will Accept Phil- ippine Governorship. ‘The action of the House military committee in tabling the bill which would authorize Maj. Gen. Leonard Wood to serve as governor general of the Philippines and retain his status on the active list of the Army, as understood at the War Depart- ment, would not preclude his appoint- ment to the civil office in case he re- signed his military commission or was transferred to the retired list of the Army. Born October 9, 1860, and appointed to_the Army in Janu- ary, 1886, Gen. Wood is now eligible for: retirement on his own applica- tion with the President's approval, | under the thirty years’ service clause of the retirement law, and he may be compulsorily retired at the dis- cretion of the President when he reaches the age of sixty-two years, October 3, next. 5 Although nothing official has ‘been heard from Gen. Wood on the sub- Ject, his friends say it is doubtful if he will accept the Philippine gov- ‘er: ip under the circumstances, 23 he desires above all things to be avallable for active military service in the event that. any emergency should arise calling the Army into action., ; 4 ——— RECESS TILL OCTOBER. it has re- standpoint. can never No peo- complaint. as their contradic- h a t lowly and with the ‘War order to the revo- i tional Bank, capitalized at $2,500, 000,000, provided for in a bill now i to CAPITAL CHIEF NEED ‘OF SOUTH AMERICA Lack of It Causes Trade to Languish Both in This Country and in the Southern Republics. BY BEN M’KELWAY. APITAL, American or Euro- pean, seems to -be the most practical medicine suggested for South American economic ills these days. Certain it is that, capital used In the right way as a restorative rather than a paliia- tive tonic, would do a great deal to- ward putting some of the southern republics on their feet and starting them toward recovery. But the ques- tion, not a new problem, is how to get it. There's a lot of interest in South America in the proposed Interna- pending in the Senate. Such an agency would provide loans, it is pointed out, which would have the needed effect of stimulating com- merce for Americans with South America and at the same time create business for South Americans. 3 Bolivia right now is suffering a de- pression which is characteristic of other republic. of the sduth and some drastic remedy is needed to pull her through. Dr. Adoifo Ballivian, Bo- livian minister to the United States, has worked out a plan for restoring normal conditions in his country, but he has been unable to proceed Wwith its development pending official ap- proval from his government. Briefly | stated, it amounts to this: The minister hopes to obtain from | a group of bankers (under one direct- | ing head) a loan of approximately $22,000,060. Part of this sum—a com- paratively small part—would be put immediate use in meeting the Bolivian government's domestic obli- gations—payment of employes’ sala- ries, army maintenance, etc. The rest of the money would be expended in | development of the country—railroad construction, mine development and research. The revenue resulting from these steps would be given as se- curity, the government reserving in all cases the rights of ownership in whatever project is undertaken. In other words, this group of American bankers would take over Bolivia's financial ob!izations until she becomes self-supporting. There is wealth in Bolivia, it is explained, but it takes money to bring it to the surface. The Brazilian government is about to undertake a reclamation project comparable only to work of a similar | sort begun by the United States gov- ernment in 1903. The New York firm of Dwight P. Robinson, Inc., has been retained by Prazil to supervise a large amount of the work. The project will include the construction of five large dams—involving nearly a million cubic yards of concrete—to create storage Teservoirs, some of which are to be the largest ever built. The work will be undertaken in the states of Ceara and Parahyba. In these semi-arid states in Brazil | there is an average yearly rainfall of about thirty inches, which, if properly distributed, would make, even under the tropical sun, a sufficient supply of moisture to produce moderate crops. The climate consists of a dry and rainy season, however, and practi- cally all of the rain occurs during this rainy season. During the sum- mer months the soil is not moistened sufficiently and severe droughts re- sult, which reduce the inhabitants of goods here, support which Theodore Roosevelt gave the reclamation service in the Inited States. * % k ¥ The immediate future is going to re- veal a number of plans for obtaining in- vestment of Aemrican capital in South America. The present is a good time o £ cure the capital, provided the South i American can put up a sound, square proposition that. interests the capitalist. The emergency tariff prevents many of the southern republics from selling their and the depreciated ex change and business depression in South America prevents Americans from doing much business there. Loans to South American countries at this time, it is pointed out, serve the double purpose of bringing about a revival of business in South America and creating a market for American products. * % % % Rapid progress in developing the nat- ural resources of Venezuela is expected as the result of the nearing completion of a system of excellent roads through- out the country. The two important roads on which work is now concen- trated are the Gran Carretera Occidental and the Gran Carretera Oriental, which will traverse the republics from east to west and connect the main productive arcas of the country. Important roads already have been built to connect Caracas, Valencia and other large cities with their respective ports. Since 1908 a total of 3,000 kilo- meters of road has been constructed by the federal government, and work on an additional 4,000 kilometers of road is under way by the federal and state governments. One result of the construction of 500d roads, according to P. L. Bell, trade commissioner of the Depart- ment of Commerce, who recently re- turned from Venezuela. will be the need for 2,000 additional light-weight automobiles. Additional demands are likely to be made in other fields while a general expansion in industr; and agriculture is expected in line { with the increased transportation fa- cilities. * % ¥ % A new steamship line is being organized in Guayaquil. Ecuador, with a capital of $750,000, which is virtually subscribed, according to a dispatch to the Department of Com- merce. The company will export fresh fruit to the United States through New Orleans, and as Ecuadorian fruits are ready for the market when the winter season begins in the north, a good market is expected. The com pany expects to own its own planta tions, where modern methods will be employed. Two steamers will be pur- chased and put into service within a short time, one of them now being under the American flag. * % ¥ ¥ Uruguay's budget for the fiscal year 1921-22 has been completed and is ready for congressional approval. It calls for an_ expenditure of $43 258,496, while the estimated revenue will vield for the year only $36, 535,475, leaving a deficit of $6,723,021. Proposed new taxes would yield about $4,390,000, leaving a deficit still of $2,333,021. B * % % % The text of a bill for woman suf- frage in Uruguay introduced by Pret dent Brum has been received here. provides the right of women to active and passive vote in national and mu- nicipal elections. The bill “concede: the same rights and obligations the section to a point approaching|tablished for man by the electoral famine and starvation. ‘The region to be benefited will have the climatic possibilities of Ari- Zona and California or the irrigated section of the west coast of Mexico. The products of the country are cot. ton, sugar, palms and palm 8, Ci fruit and other subtropical . Miguel Arronjado Bisboa, as in- spector general, will have supervision of the work. President Pessoa of Brazil has given the project the same | HOW U.. EXORTERS (Continued from First Page.) the same care in boxing and crating his orders that he would have used in attending to a similar order in- tended for a customer a few hundred | miles away in another state. He knew i no better, no one told him better. and i when the goods reached South Amer- jica. thousands of miles from their origin, they were ready for the junk | heap to which the importer consizned them. in South America. It might have been written @ few years ago, happily, it applies to a rapidly de- creasing minority. of manufacturer, and who are doing ican thods to South American methods. They have established South American branches in South America. The product of a well known American automobile manu- i facturer hardly would be recognized in the form it is sold to South Amer- icans. American chambers of commerce are Heads New Bureau of Commerce Department| products were destined. He exercised | This is not intended as a general ; condemnation of American methods |in Spanish. Not more than one in one | { plied to all *American firms doing | merc] business in South America. Today. business on a large scale in South | tween America, are changing their Amer-; America. | United States. j where laws,” and states that women are recognized as “equal to man before the law, whether it be perceptive, penal or protective.” - * x %% A table compiled for the benefit of Brazilian coffee exporters shows that the per capita yearly consumption of coffee in the United States was 2.9 pounds in 1829, increasing to 12 pounds in 1917, and decreasing to 10.29 pounds in 1918 and $.29 in 1919. springing up in South. America lke mushrooms. They are spreading Ameri- can propaganda in South America and South American propaganda in the United States. The study of Spanish is increasing in our public schools and col- leges, and there are few large universi- ties today which do not boast a course of some sort or another in foreign trade, with emphasis 12id on South American trade. This is having its beneficial re- sult, for those who study Spanish learn something of the countries where Span- {1ish_is spoken. Not long aro Dr. Julio Bianchi, Guate- malan minister to the United States, ad- dressed a group of business men in Bal- timore. He was formally introduced and began to speak rapidly in Spanish. His audience looked blank and the painec cxpression on the faces of his hearers disappeared only when he paused and in perfect English said: I addressed you in Spanish to demon- ing business men who come to the 1 believe that not more than ten of you understood what I sald hundred business men in the United and ap- |States is able to understand the visiting nt who speaks only in Spanish. I addressed » in Spanish to. bring forcibly to your attenticn the necessity American export- | of understanding each other in creating |l ers whc represent the highest type |better feeling, closer co-operation and more valuable commercial relations be- the United States and Latin “There is a language barrier between the two great sections of our continent, and we must exert every effort to batter down this barricr by increasing the use of Spanish in the United States. A start has been made in my country, s in most of Latin America, the study of English in the high schools and colleges is not only encouraged but is compulsor.” 5 Many Injured by Few. Every American firm which goes out unprepared to create trade in South America and without an un- derstanding of the South American business man creates trouble for his fellow countryman. For the mis- takes of the frw, many must suffer. For the South American has a bad taste left in his mouth when he is “stung” by the illegitimate trick of an American, and the next American who comes along has his hands fnil in_bringing him arcuné. What is the remedy? How 1s the legitimate and painstaking Ameri- can_exporter to be protected? . WALTER H. RASTALL Of Dayton, Ohlo, whose to charge machinery industrial division ‘Commerce The only real remedy is education. not,_ only in the much advertised “practical pan-Americanism,” which teaches the American business man how to dispose of his products in thd southern continent, but also in the real pan-Americanism, * which means a sympathetic, helful under- standing between the races who live in _the western hemisphere. One hears a lot of South America these days. More of South America will be heard in the future. There lies a field for untold development. Forces for Better Understanding. Such agencies as the Pan-American Union, the United States Chamber of Commerce, the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce of the Depart- ment of Commerce, the Southern Com- merclal Congress. countless commer- cial bodies, the Rockefeller Founda- tion and the Carnegie Institution are doing their part in bringing the Latin American before the eyes of the American, showing him as a friend to be cultivated and valued. And here in Washington, in the em- bassies and legations of the Latin American republics, there lies a tre- mendous force for creating better un- appointment | derstanding and friendship between of the mewly created | northern and southern America. The representatives of South America Department has|come here with an opportunity for announced by Secretary Hoover.|any one who will take it. They are ready and willing to present this op- portunity; they are patient and paine- 'aklnf to explain it. One wonders inmetimes why they have not grown strate the plight of the Spanish-speak- -