Evening Star Newspaper, August 14, 1921, Page 31

, evarieties: - that the Arab and Islamic peoples of b HOLY WAR DANGERS 'CONFRONT ALLIES King of Hedjaz's Threat May Mean Loss Of Influence Islamic Throughout World. BY OLIVER OWEN KUHN. OINTS of potential danger to the well l1aid plans of the al- lied governments in old world reconstructive processes have been Increased by one—and that one of the most dangerous of all in so far as the uptuilding of the near east is concerned. The King of the Hed- jaz is reported to have proclaimed a holy war in the interests of the Turkish nationalists. This may be rue or it may not, but the significant fact is that this ruler of the newly created kingdom of Hedjaz holds the dominating influence through all the regions of Asia Minor and if it be true that he leads any kind of opposition against all the so- called enemies of Islamic peoples the reconstructive work in Asia ;r:cl:' will be nulled and the end will remain very much in doubt. That §t will greatly embarrass France and England and may lead to utter down fall of Grecian aspirations in this section of the world is taken for granted. Have Planted Poor Seed. And once more the allies seem destined to reap t:e fruits of pgor seed which they have sown. enmity of the King of the Hedjaz has been aroused through allied attempt to frustrate his ambitions in the near east. The king is known to have ‘shown particularly by bitter enmity to- ‘ward French, whom he re, as = ail influence in having _curtailed his Sovia® The British alone have acted on a friendly basis with the King of the Hedjaz, and as o matter of fact had it not been for the British influence in the peace deliberations and else- where there Is possibility that the efforts of the Arabs in the world war, Awhen they aligned themselves on the side of the allles in_the contest against Turkey, would have gone unrewarded. As it was, even the power of the British failed to pre- Yent the curtailment of ambitions expressed by the Arab kingdom. which was particularly desirous of a port through Syria. And since that time the British have been car- rying water on ‘both shoulders. It history proves anything. a holy war is one of those fanatical dem- onstrations of might which knows neither friend nor enemy as long & religious control is the dominating motive, Particularly has this been true in regard to Islamic peoples who have fought with the spirit of de- montacal devils when they have be- lleved themselves fighting for the perpetuation of Mohammedan prin- Ciples. . Four-fitths of the crimes which have been committed by the Turks in the long centuries of their history have been committed with easy conscience simply because these peoples have believed they were erpetuating sacred principles and lift- ng on high Islamic creeds and in- fluence. May Turn Upon Britisk. Consequently, the King of the Hedjaz may bé induced even to turn upon the British, who are largely re- sponsible for his present position. If he does there is no question but \Palestine will stir trouble, which will be of far-reaching character. They may undo all that has been done to- Ward the, rejuvenation of the Holy Land. Furthermore, British tenure in Mesopotamia, unless herculean steps are taken, may be ended, at least cur- tailed, while should the hely war ex- fend fo the far corners there is grave danger that the disaffected elementain India will flock to the support of the holy conflict, and the ‘whole realm of British influence will be set aflame to the end no one dare hazard a guess. Unquestionably the King of the Hedfaz is directing his influence against the Greeks primarily. for with the exten- sive gains made by the Grecian forces they rapidly approaching Angora, the seat of the Turkish nationalists— Capital Sidelights BY WILL P. KENNEDY. Members of Congress are enjoying during these warm summer days a modern luxury, the existence of which ¥ew of the common herd of civiliza- tion ever realize, much less utilize. The high rate of mortality among national legislators is no more to be encouraged by foul air laden with germs incubating in the surcharged atmosphere of tariff debates. Elliott Woods, architect of the Capitol and scientific wizard, always dabbling in the most modern processes, has in- stalled ozonators in both the House d Senate chambers. These are for ::e purpose of supplying a sufficient amount of ozone to the atmosphere. In the House the system is capable of supplying suflicient ozone for 70,000 cubic feet per minute. The Senate apparatus can supply enough for 50,000 cubic feet per minute. While these ozona- tors have no potency to reduce the ‘humidity, they intee pure air and dispel odors yeculiar to damp air in the summer time. * x k% Congress is considering the recom- mendation of Architect Woods for ex- tending the east front of the middle section of the Capitol so as to give the dome a proper setting and to carry out plans contemplated for threescore years. In order that the necessary changes may be properly visualized for the committees of both the House and Senate Architect Woods has had a model of the entire Capitol structure made and so fash- foned that sections can be drawn out to show how the remodeled building will look. This model is exact in the minutest detail and is the work of Emile Caret, formerly on the pay \roll of the superintendent of the Capitol. It is stored in a studio In the garret of the Capitol until the com- mittee is ready to consider the alter- ation proposals. tically the same as two others made by Mr. Caret for exhibition at the world's fair In St. Louis and the world's_fair in_San Francisco. lni order that the one for the latter ex- position might reach its destination in perfect condition. Mr. Carot boxed it carefully and then it made jts transcontinental trip in a specially constructed cradle, cartfully swung so it gave with every motion of the train. . * % * % Sightseers in the Capitol miss many interesting little relics. It is now being urged that the rotunda should be fitted up as a museum, with glass cases in which would be placed some of the smaller relics and trophles in which the public would be interested. For example, the local lodge of Odd Fellows just semt to Architect Woods a small monument mosaic, made from sample blocks of the vari- ous kinds of marble used in building the Capitol. brass plate, on which is inscribed: “Washington Lodge. No. 6, was chartered by the Grand Lodge of the District of Colum- bia September 10, 1833. Presented by James N. Ball, P. G, Dec. 22, 1874.” Mr. Ball was a stone mason who cn the Capltol extension before or dur- ing the civil war. He picked up the sample bits of marble while thus em- ployed and made them into the monu- ment. A chart shows the following Carrara, Italy; Potomac, Sienna, Iitalian, Irish black, calico, Vermont; Connelly quarry, Maryland; hfik and gold. shell rock, = e L) P oot VSR S e bl UL R This model is prac-{C. ed | shell. Turkish influence seems destined to forever be eclipsed, even though the allles have lent Greece little or no of pletely under the dominati - ed Christians,” and as a result the decline of Mohammedan power must be taken for granted, for the fervor of maintenance would gradually die with historic and inspiring shrines in the hands of enemies. Wilt Strike at Ememfes. Undoubtedly the King of the Hedjaz is about to strike at those interests to which he attributed all his trou- bles, also the king remembers how his envoys were treated during_ their stay in Paris. They had iron-bound agreements with the British, effected through Gen. Allenby, th: it they assisted in the world war mot only would their territory be the greatest of all organized regions in the near east, but the allies would give them concrete assistance in reconstruction processes. The pBeples of the Hedjaz eventually won the creation of a re- stricted kingdom of 100,000 square miles, with a population of 750,000 after dificulties and only after the allies saw that if something was not done there might be open resistance on the part of the Arabic peoples and assistance for the Turks in re- sisting the terms of the treaty of Sevres. The treaty forces Turkey to recog- nize the Hedjaz, but it would appear that in event of common danger no boundary lines will be known and that all I may be expected to flock under common standard once danger is imminent. Furthermore, it is not-without reason to expect that Mustapha Kemal has made elaborate promises to the King of the Hedjaz, whereby the extent of his domain will be enlarged if the combined forces of the king and Kemal should be successful in defeating the Greeks., If the Greeks are defeated this undoutedly will fan the flames of war throughout the Islamic world. in which case the interests of the allies throughout Asia Minor im- mediately will be imperiled. May Spread at North Africa. But the revolt will not be con- fined to Asia Minor. Unquestionably, should the Islamic conflagration be- come general, Egypt and the Moham- medan regions of Africa will become infected. The seditionary sentiment throughout Egypt is strong. Revolt against British influence has been festering for many months and, even though ostensibly statisfactory agree- ments have been effected, there is no reason to belleve that the call to a holy war will not stir malcontents to new efforts toward overthrowing British control. 3 In Morocco the Spanish armies have been almost exterminateq by tribesmen. The situation has caused a grave political upheaval, and the consequences may be farreaching before it has been definitely decided who is victor in the present unequal conflict. S With Mohammedan peoples of northern Africa actively In revolt against the control and influence of “Christan devils,” with the recon- struction work _ in Palestine haz- arded, with the Hedjaz in active al- liance with the Turks in the leader- ship of a holy war, with the Meso- potamian peoples ever ready to re- spond to the call of Islam, the peo- ples of Afghanistan and India only awaiting a time when there can be a concerteq move with some hope of success, the allied governments, it would appear, will have their hands full if present calls for holy conflict are authentic. ¢ All may be called into action be- fore the fight progressed far, the only European nations not having domains of influence in Asia Minor being the newly created countries and the old central powers. With many exceedingly dangerous issues yet o be decided within Europe,and with a constantly growing fedling of antagonism between the allles themselves any holy war, or even threat of holy war, i8 exceedingly dangerous to settled order every- where, for its effects will be felt throughout the world. Has Had = Model of the Entire Cap- Itol Structure Made. New York; Cipoline, Italy; Philadel- phia dove. One section of the ped- estal is from North Lee, Mass.; most of the base is Tennessee marble, and the contrast in the base is a slab of vein Itallan. This mosaic monument was broken. Architect Woods has had it repaired and it is attracting much attention among the members of Congress. It will soon be put on exhibition. * %k k% The mystery of the. unidentified head which has been baffling the Cap- itol sleuths for several weeks has been cleared up. John J. McGrain, storekeeper of the Senate, found this mysterious head in the storeroom of the sergeant-at-arms of the Senate. He brought it under his arm to the architect and superintendent of the Capitol building. For several weeks . E. Falrman, curator of art in the Capitol, and other researchers and art experts sought to identify this head. The other day a man from New York happened in to see Architect Woods and noticed the head on the marble mantel. I see you have a head of Henry Wilson,” he remarked. Then Mr. Fairman picked it up and hur- ried tq the vice president's room to compare it with the marble bust which rests on a bracket there of Vice President Henry Wilson. It proved to be the plaster cast original of the marble bust, but it had been 80 broken off that it stood upon an angle which changed the contour in such a way that even those who knew the Wilson bust best had failed to recognize the model ¥ * *x ¥ % A small bronze fountain which ar- tists and sculptors pronounce “won- derful” is another of the small Cap- itol trophies or curios of which Architect Woods is custodian and which will soon be placed on exhibi- tion for the public. This is the work of W. inelfart, ordered on March 1, 1887. It represents an Indian brave seated on the brink of a rocky pool and scooping up the water with a This fountain for many years adorned the courtyard of the old gen- eral post office, later the general land office bullding. in the square bounded by E and F streets, 7th and 8th aorth- west. It was in this building that Gen. Pershing recently had his offices. ‘This fountain was salvaged by Mr. ‘Woods more than twenty-five years A - 7 THE SUNDAY ‘STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, AUGUST 1%, 1921—PART 2. THE STOfiY THE WEEK HAS TOLD "BY HENRY W. BUNN. , ¢ (Copyright, 1921, by The Washington Star.) HE following is a brief summary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended August 13. UPPER SILESIA.—The supreme council met at Paris on August 8 and pro- ceeded at once to discussion of Upper Silesian matters. It was decided not to send more troops to Upper Sllesia at present. Debate fol- lowed on the main subject of the meeting— the Upper Silesian boundary. Lloyd George made a speech, rehearsing the main points of the British argument, which favors the Ger- man claims. Briand followed with a speech rehearsing the main points of the French argu- ment, which favors Polish claims. The ques- tion was referred for re-examination and report to the commission of civillan experts, “rein- forced” by the high commissioners for Upper Silesia, with instructions sufficiently vague, but which seemed to contemplate a compro- mise line and a scheme for unhampered service of rallways. The commission of civillan experts, after wrestling for a week with the problem, had just announced thelr inability to solve it, and the high commissioners, as every one knows, have wrestled with it vainly for months. Jointly experts and commissioners could do no better. On Thursday morning they reported failure; they could not ree on a line. The greater part of Thursday Lloyd George and Briand were closeted at the Crillon in dis- cussion. Far out on the Place de la Concorde their voices could be heard. At last they reached an agreement; they agreed that they could not agree. But the entente must be saved. But how to persuade the world that the entente is still intact? While the two sit in despair and silence, Providence and Mr. De Valera intervene. An airplane arrives from London with a message from De Valera. Saved! Lloyd George should return to London next day. The world should be Informed that the Upper Silesian problem must be postponed to the more pressing Irish problem, *x %k *k % No, that pretty story has been exploded. Whether Lloyd George or the Italian premier originated the happy idea of referring the vexed Sileslan question to the council of the league of nations is doubtful. At any rate, Friday morning Lloyd George whispered the suggestion to Briand, who was captivated with it. At a full meeting of the council all as- sented. A resolution was adopted inviting the “recommendation of the league council as to the line that the principal allied and associated powers lay down” The representatives of Great Britain, France, Italy and Japan declared that they would accept such recommendation. ‘The obvious comment on this action of the supreme council is that the league councll con- sists of eight members, representing eight powers (including those represented on the supreme council, with \the exception of the United States), and that its recommendations are required to be unanimous. Should the league council be able to decide on a boundary line (which seems doubtful) such. decision could hardly be expected within three or four months. It is not surprising that reference to the league council is pleasing to Briand; he was out- voted 3 to 1 on the supreme council (Mr. Harvey not voting.) ‘This matter settled, Lloyd George took leave of the council, re- turning to London. The entente is preserved; but it remains to be seen what effect the fur- ther delay in deciding the Upper Silesian boundary will have in Upper Silesia and in Germany. * X ¥ *x NEAR EAST.—Havng turnd over the Upper Silesian question to the “experts,” the supreme council proceeded to consider the Turkish prob- lem. Lloyd George made a speech. He de- clared, according to reports, that the treaty of Sevres had been torn up by the allies in conse- quence of Turkish behavior, the Greeks being willing to abide by it. The council adopted two resolutions as follows: “The allled governments decide to main- tain an attitude of strict neutrality in the Greeco-Turkish war. They are agreed not to intervene In the conflict with assistance of any kind, either by the supplying of troops, or of arms, or of credit. But this' decision does not dffect the liberty of private trade under exist- ing international law.” “While reserving the possibility of offer- ing their meditation, the allied governments consider the hour has not arrived when an operation of this kind can yield any results. It is distressing not to find any obituary reference to the treaty of Sevres in the above. The first resolution merely reafirms the neu- trality of the allies in the Greeco-Turkish war and calls attention to a well known point of international law. The second resolution states the obvious. It would appear that the supreme council made a graceful detour about the Turk- ish question. * Marshal Foch, questioned about the military situation, told the council that the number of Greek and Turkish troops are about equal; that the Greeks are in better plight because of their recent victories: that further advance of the Greeks would dangerously lengthen thelr lines of communication; that further opera- tions would soon be made difficult by the ‘weather. *.k %k *k THE SUPREME COUNCIL.—The supreme council, having naively disposed of the Upper Silesian problem, nn\ having innocuously re- solved concerning the' Turkish problem, with Lord Curzon substituting for Lloyd George (the latter departed for London), proceeded on Friday to other business. The French and Belgian members declared the Leipzig trials a traversity“e#@ustice. It was resolved to turn that delicate question over to a committee of jurists for examination. The council listened to Marshal Foch's re- port on German disarmament, which declared Germany still in default (one should like to have particulars). It was therefore voted that the allied commission of control should con- tinue on the job. The final session, on Saturday, was to be given over to consideration of the March “pen- altles,” occupation of Dusseldorf, Dulsburg and Ruhrort, and the Rhine customs barriers. Apparently the {important report of M. Loucheur and Dr. Rathenau, proposing methods to faciliate reparation payments, was not con- sidered; nor the grievances of Albania; nor the Austrian situation, important perhaps, as that of Upper Silesia. * ¥ X % RUSSIA.—The Moscow authorities, I under- stand, claim to have sent to Reval all Ameri- cans known by them to be held prisoner in soviet Russia. Mr. Walter L. Brown, European director of the American Relief Association, is now at Riga in conversation with M. Litvinov, who rep- resents the Moscow government and is chief of the central famine relief commission of that government. Litvinov has promised to furnish guarantee that his government will release and send out of soviet Russia any Americans who may yet be discovered in soviet prisons, and to send out any Americans who, though not immured, are detained in the country against their will. But Litvinov makes a difficulty about sub- scribing to the conditions laid down by Mr. Hoover to fix the relations between the soviet authorities and the American relief administra- tion; these conditions embracing the well known conditions accepted by sundry other nations which have enjoyed American rellef, and in addition certain rigid guarantees of protection to relief personnel and supplies. Ap- parently Litvinov would require, at the very least, admission of the right of the soviet government to narrowly inspect relief activities, alleging a fear that rellef work might be used as a cover for anti-bolshevist intrigue. Litvinov is the prize soviet negatiator. Having plied his celebrated arts of bluffing to no effect, he will doubtless sign the agreement presented to him. American relief can begin to function about two weeks from the date of signature by Litvinov of such an agreement. The American Rellef Administration has enough supplies at Danzig to feed 1,000,000 children for one month. The supreme council has been discussing internationa! rellef commission to co- ordinate all rellef measures for Russia, govern- mental and private; perhaps to be headed by Lord Curzon, who once handled a famine of seventy million people in India. But Mr. Hoover, while believing in co-ordination, has expressed an opinion that “the actual work of co-ordination of the efforts of all socleties” should “be determined by the heads of organi- zations upon the ground in Russia itself.” Dispatches from Riga in the Saturday morn- ing papers contain imperfect digests of certain decrees recently signed by Lenin ostensibly framed to give effect to his new economic policy. Should these decrees really go into full eftect, the stage reached will be no long journey from capitalism and the bourgeois iniquities. * % kK THE WASHINGTON CONFERENCE— Formal {dentical invitations have just been sent by our government to the governments of Great Britain, France, Italy and Japan, to par- ticipate in a ‘“conference on the subject of limitation of armaments, in connection with which Pacific and far eastern questions will also be discussed,” to begin in Washington on November 11. “It is not the purpose of this government,” says the invitation, “to attempt to define the scope of the discussions in relation to the Pacific and far east, but rather to leave this to be the subject of suggestions to be exchanged before the meeting of the conference.” This leaves the fleld open for a lively discussion. It s difficult to see how a final agreement as to the agenda can be reached before the opening of the conference. Our government hopes “it may be pos- sible to find' a solution of Pacific and far eastern problems of unquestionable importance at this time, * * * matters which have been and are of international importance.” “Have been.” Critics have seized on these words as of speclal significance, as providing against exclusion of certain matters on the ground that they are “accomplished facts.” As to armament, the invitation confines it- self to generals; except that (a notable ex- ception) it suggests that “it may be found ad- visable to formulate proposals by which in the interest of humanity the use of new agencies of warfare may be suitably controlled.” China recelves a special invitation to par- ticipate in the discussion of Pacific and far eastern questions. * % Xk % MISCELLANEOUS.—A message from Mr. De Valera to the British government reached Downing street on Thursday. The members of the cabinet not in Paris met and forwarded the message by airplane to Lloyd George at Paris. Rumor is busy with a thousand tongues. “The message is of first importance”; “It is not, Lloyd George is only pyetending it is, to cover his flight from Paris and the Upper Silesian problem.” So rumor, quite ignorant; like the writer. The recent conference of forelgn ministers of Latvia, Esthonia, Finland and Poland at Helsingfors, to discuss a Baltic league of these powers, plus Lithuania, ended like pre- vious conferences on the same subject. No league yet; but another conference later at Warsaw. In the meantime intimate commer- cial treaties between the several states, now being drafted, will probably be signed. - A strike of some 13,000 shipyard workers at Kobe, Japan, lasted from July 7 to August 9. The demands of the workmen were very like those of the Italian workmen last year. Like the latter, they tried to seize the works; but did not succeed like the latter, being prevented by troops, who shot a considerable number down. Some concessions the strikers seem to have won; slight in themselves, but important as an opening wedge. Extraordinary developments are taking place within Japan; bound, as in European countries, to have important effects on foreign policy. The United States Army is to have the old battleship Alabama as a target for aerial bombers. This time bombs up to 4,000 pounds sre to be used, and the effect will be sclen- tifically and methodically studied. . The target, we are informed, will probably be towed. ‘The Senate voted on August 10 to make the Borah canal tolls repeals bill its unfinished business. Hot work ahead for the dogdays. Sees the Future Peace of Europe Menaced By the Cold Selfishness of Victorious Nations BY FRANCESCO NITTI, Former Premler of Italy. HE problem of Upper Silesia is one of the greatest im- portance, both from a po- litical and a moral point of view. Indeed, few things are bet- ter calculated than this contro- versy to throw light on the spirit which still animatps Europe. After the war tHe spirit of vio- lence has taken the place of every idea of right and justice in the victorious countries, and when dealing with the most stupendous problems the solution arrived at was not, as a rule, the one which would have inspred a lasting peace, but that which further strengthened the fights and privi- leges of the victors. * %% % Of late we do mot hear justice and democracy mentioned, but only the rights of vigtory proclaimed. It is regarded as conducive to peace that the victors, because they have won the war, should appropriate vast (territories, with- out even consultipg the population thus annexed. justification is sought (and often very reason- ably) in the nekcessity for self- defense, or in historic traditions or economic convenience. But as the judges are and have hitherto been the victors themselves the morale of the victory consists in one thing only,| namely, in the right to dispose freely of the van- quished. Also tifis point of view is the expression] of a moral con- ception and wogld have nothing offensive in itself if it did not pro- fess to follow that ridiculous in- tellectual adventlire know; the “society of nations” and if it were not persisted in even after the war, during which humanity was repeatedly informed that it was y the last great war and thal the conflict was being wi d tween two groups, of which one— the entente—wished to safeguard the principles of right and justice and to definitely close the era of wars, while the other group, con- sisting of the central empires and Turkey, stood for violence and the oppression of free peoples. * % ¥ % Al the victorious countries have been allowed to annex the terri- tories which they had lost in the past, or which {hey regarded as necessary to their defence or simply useful m an economical point of view. Let us not mention the colonies of which German: has been deprived without so mu as a word of discussion. But the very territories of Europe have been cut up and divided among the victors, who have not once recog- nized the necessity of a plebiscite. The spoliations committed at the expense of Turkey, Hungary and Bulgaria, to mention but three of the states which have been most wantonly sacrificed, are un- pnefid'n in the history of the ‘wor Poland, Jugoslavis, Rumania provinces and whole regions which they have not the strength to hold and over which they will not be able to maintain their sovereignty because the vanquished peoples will never allow themselves to be assimilated and will prove a standing menace of fresh wars. How many territories inhabited almost exclusively by a Moslem population have been handed over to Greece! * % % % The smaller countries which ‘were animated by unbounded greed and ambition in their. post-bellum claims, now find themselves in a terrible situation. The future of Poland is serlously jeopardized; Greece has embarked upon an ad- venture of which it is difficult to forsee the end; Rumania. Czecho- slovakia, Jugoslavia, etc, are anx- fously seeking for a final settlement but hitherto in vain. It has therefore been laid down that victory brings with it the right to annex the territories of the va quished without previously con- sulting the Inhabitants. Nothing new or strange in this, because history teaches us that yictorfous nations have never behaved other- wise, and it would be a singular delusion to believe that the prin- ciples proclaimed in the hour of danger might constitute a bond sufficlent to hold back peoples thirsting for revenge and in fear and anxiety for the future. But what was not regarded as a duty for the victors is considered asa duty for the vanquished. Ger- many has lost the war; the treaty of Versailles consequently obliged her to adopt the plebiscite in all territories of doubtful nationality, or in those the character of whose population was not clearly defined. Xk k% The plebiscite has become a for- mula of right applicable only to those who have lost the war, and it has recently been imposed more especially in the case of Upper Sile- sla, to the detrement of Germany. The plebiscite took place under the safeguard of the victorious troops of occupation, thereforg in conditions wholly unfavorable to the vanquished. The Poles, as Mr. Liloyd George was forced to admit, recelved every possible aid and en- couragement and perpetrated with impunity all kinds of violence; they ‘were enabled to commit every ex- cess under the protection, if not of all, of part, at least, of the allied troops. It is an open secret that the Polish committees were openly favored and g:oucted. and it is well known that the anti-German propaganda was' encouraged in every. way. In spite of these adverse condi- tions, however, the plebiacite re- sulted in favor of Germany, and the - only solution is that which has been voiced by the peoples directly concerned. . the plebiscite, and how " very humiliating discussion on the subject has been going on between the various chancellsries. . Tt. is proposed not to apply the plebiscite, or to apply it in part only, or to dismember Upper Silesia. * % kX The truth of the matter is that the victors aim at striking Germany at the very fountain-head of her production, depriving her of coal and paralyzing her metal industry or subjecting it to international interests. 1t is a clash of international in- terests flaunted with brutal osten- tation, and the ethnographic and cultural conditions of the peoples whose destinties are at stake bear no weight on the decisions of the victors. If the entente really desired a reasonable indemnity it ought to view with pleasure and satisfaction Germany’s economic resurrection. But when part, at least, of the en- tente is constantly threatening to invade the Ruhr and it is desired to violate the plebiscite and to refuse to hand over Upper Silesia to the Germans, this amounts to an open confession that the entente is not aiming at an indemnity, but at one thing alone, namely, the dissolution of Germany. * kK % . What a terrible situation does not Europe now find herself in! It is proposed to base the finances of the victorious states on the in- demnity to be paid by the van- quished, but as the vanquish- ed enemy, in order to pay the indemnity, must produce not only wha tis necessary for his own ex- istence, but also a surplus to hand over to the victors, he finds him- self under the necessity of pro- ducing better and more cheaply than ever, thus spreading panic among the victors, who do their beat to strangle the vanquished by placing them in the impossi- bility of producing. > Upper Silesia has voted, but the states of the entente are in no hurry to give their decision; the general confusion is further in- creased by the fact that the points of view held by France and Eng- land are hopelessly at variance. * ok k% = In the meantime Poland, egged on to resistance; is gradually los- ing all her resources and her forces. of reconstruction. There is no country in Europe more impover- ished than Poland. A great deal of talking is being done, but very little work; while clamoring for the coal mines of Upper Silesla, Poland neglects her own ofl flelds; important factories are being aban- doned one after the other, paper currency is practically- valueless d the conditions of life have be- ‘come terrible. ‘Poland has annexed many territories where the Poles constitute a small minority and is still hungering for more. She has dreams of greatness and dreams of empire on the Ukraine. Greece, too, has been caught in & network of ambitious eaterprises in Europe and Asla and is engulfed every day deeper in a series of ad- ventures, the outcome of which is uncertain and threatening. * % % % Europe is not yet on the road to reconstruction, and peace does not yet shine in the hearts of men. There is the big entente and the little entente, but no real accord has been arrived at between vic- tors and vanquisiied, not yet among the victors themselves. The problem of Upper Silesia must not be regarded as a mere incident; it is the most important fact after the treaty of Versailles. It has proved teyond all doubt that the entente is not held to- gether by formulas of right and Justice, but on.y by “atred of the past and interests based on the present and on the future. Peace, democracy, justice, are empty words, of which we still make use owing to the force of an old habit contracied during the war; but it is merely a mechanical repetition to which nobody attributes the slightest importance. (Copyright, 1921.) —_— AR EAST PROBLEMS NOW GET LIMELIGHT (Continued from First Page ) almost as much s0 as the United States. They also have their inter- ests to safeguard in those waters. Diplomacy’s Great Chance. Senator Johnson of California only expressed the hope of other public men who have given this question of the Pacific close nttentlo: when he said to the writer that if the coming conference can solve some of the problems of the far east satisfac- torily one of the ’rel!elt diplomatic accomplishments of this or any other age will have been achieved. The California senator has taken the lead in an effort to see to it that the conferences of the powers in Wash- ington shall be entirely open. He is convinced that omnly by the utmost publicity, creating a powerful pub- lic sentiment in support of the pro- agreements on the question of far east and also upon disarmament will it be possible to accomplish any- thing. He has pointed to the Ver- sallles peace conference after the world war as an {llustration that such conferences, held behind closed doors, are in the end futile and re- sult in agreements that are not satis- tactory. COL. ANDERSON RELIEVED. Col. Edward D. Anderson, general staf?, has been relieved from duty with the operations division, general staff, War Department, and o‘daud to Fort Oglethorpe, Ga., for' duty ‘with the -6th Cavalry. has been granted a short: leave of ‘absence. .'B‘ PANAMA-COSTA RICA DISPUTE DEADLOCKED Controvcrsy Has Been Transferred to Washington, But Next Move Remains Problematical. BY BEN MCKELWAY. HAT'S the next move in the Costa Rica-Panama boun- dary dispute; who is go- ing to make it and what will be the result? ‘For months now since Costa Rica started things moving by sending her army into the contested bit of terri- tory on the Pacific coast, and re- vived the contest over the White award, it's been sort of an interna- tional game of checkers, with the United States sitting as umpire, Costa Rica making one move and Panama countering with another. Today finds tke battleground moved to Washing- ton, flags of both sides flying high and no immediate prospect of either contestant giving in. The prfesent situation is peculiar and its result is going to be inter- , take Costa Rica’s side of the controversy. As far as that repub- lic Is concerned, the White award stands; it has received the backing of the State Department, and if Pan- ama refuses to comply she must set- tle with the United Stat Her latest move is o follow up the provisions of the White award by requesting Chief Justice Taft to appoint the commis- sion of engineers who, as provided for in the treaty between Panama and Costa Rica, naming as arbiter former Chief Justice White, are to survey and mark the line designated in the White award. Costa Rica steadily ignores suggestions for vther utions aGvanced by Panama he- cause, as has been said, there remains according to her point of view, n. dispute to be settled. Panama, on the other hand, refuses to look upon the United States as a power which threatens to enforce her compliance with the White award. To Panama the United States is arbiter, impartial and interested only in the equitable solution of a matter which concerns only Panama and Costa Rica, both sovereign powers, each entitled to its own way of think- ing and acting. Throygh the State Department Panama continues to ap- proach Costa Rica with suggestions, and through the State Department | Costa Rica continues to ignore them. Panama’s latest suggestion, which has recelved no action at the State Department, is that Panama and Costa Rica be allowed to settle their difficulties as provided in article 13 of the treaty of Versailles, which pro- vides for the settlement of disputes between signatory powers through arbitration. An expression from the State Department on this suggestion is expected some time this weck. As far as the State Department is concerned, it is difficult to define its attitude. So far it seems that the United States considers the White awarl final. But what action will be taken if Panama steadily refuses to abide by that decision remains to be scen. Panama does not believe this country will intervene and settle the dispute by force. And it is difficult to understand how such action would be taken. As the matter stands now, Panama is the loser. The territory under dis- pute on the Pacific coast always be. longed to Panama, but was awarded to Costa Rica under the Lubin de- cision, while another bit of territory on the Atlantic coast, which belonged to Costa Rica under the Loubet de- under the same award. The White award gave Costa Rica the territory on the Atlantic coast, but did not change the ownership of the territory on the Pacific coast. given to Costa Rica under the Loubet decision. Pan- ama refused to abide by the Loubet award when the White award was made, while Costa Rica accepted the White award and also claimed the Pacific coast territory given her un- der the Loubet decision. So Panama stands to lose the Pacific coast and under the Loubet decision and the At- lantic coast territory under the White award, and she’s dying hard. * % * % Dr. David Fairchild and P. H. Dor- sett of the bureau of plant industry of the Department of Agriculture will leave within a short time for Panama to experiment on conditions for the growth and utilization there Of certain species of plants now un- der cultivation in the department's greenhouses. Dr. Fairchild will take species of mango. new varieties of the avocado, East Indian langsat, Chinese lichee, the chalmoogra ofl tree and other plants for transplanting in Panama. He hopes to have officials there take charge of the experiment, with the view of ascertaining whether condi- tions favor the culture of certain plants for commercial purposes. * x * % Dr. Carlos Cuadra has been appoint- ed Nicaraguan delegate to the consti- tutional assembly for the Federation of Central America, now being held in_Honduras. Dispatches received here indicate the assembly is making the expected headway, and that the constitution of the federation will Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua in September. is_expected to join later. Press dispatches received here last week stated that Costa Rica is with- drawing her legations and recalling all diplomatic - representatives be- cause of her faflure to join the Cen- tral American federation. This ac- tion is confined to Central America, it is explained here, although the dis- |pllchea falled to state that fact. * x % % be signed by Salvador and Costa Rica Tre American Association for In- ternational Conciliation, a branch of the Carnegie Endowment for Interna- tional Peace, has arranged an exhibit of “Cultural Hispanic Ameriea” at Co- lumbia University, New York, which is sald to be attracting favorable at- tention as a plan to promote better understanding between the Americas in intellectual pursuits. This step supplements similar efforts of the Pan-American Union and other such organizations, it is explained. ! The exhibit is described as unique in that nothing like it has ever becn attempted in tre United States. It comprises a collection of magazines, magazine covers, color prints of paintings, cartoons. specimens of printing and illumination representa- tive of 240 periodicals and nineteen countries. It is the result of five years of collecting and selection. In the United States the mention of South America usually presents the picture of trade relations alone, and as a nation we know little of the cultural side of Latin America. * *x % x Seml-official estimates place Argen- tina’s adverse balance of trade with the United States for the last fiscal vear at 260.000.000 Argentine gold pesos. according to a cable to the Department of Commerce from Ed- ward F. Feely, commercial attache in Buenos Aires. * % x * Frederick Gillis and Raymond Mil- ler, students of the Georgetown Uni- versity School of Foreign Serwice, will be the sole representatives of the United States at the centennial celebration of Central American inde- pendence. to be held in Guatemala City September 5 to 20. They are being sent by the school as delegates at the invitation of the Guatemalan government. seconded by the Uni- versity Students’ Federation Council of Central America and the Pan- American Union. During their stay in Central Amer- ica they will be the special guesis of the University Students’ Federation. There will be a pan-American con- ference of university students, at which matter of moment to all American _institutions will be dis- cussed. The students, who leave Washington shortly, have letters of introduction to the president and prominent officials of Guatemala. This is another step on the part of the School of Foreign Service to help strengthen the bonds of understand- ing and friendship between the Americas. The success of the party of eighteen students, who made an economic survey trip to Venezuela last summer is well known through- out the country. TEXAS BANKER DREAMS OF A DAY WHEN ALL WENT TO WORK BY WALTER BREMOND, President State National Bank, Austin, Tex. (In Commerce and Finance.) Many influences have combined to falsify a true conception of labor: the inherent virtue of industry and the wrongs of the working man have been so overemphasized that we have practically accepted the principle of the least possible work for the high- est possible pay. No wonder we are raising up an army of men who do not work at all. One morning recently I looked into the back room of an Aus- tin business house. It was 9 o'clock, and & beautiful day. Four strapping young men were playing checkers and four others were 10oking on. There are hundreds like them in town and other hundreds in the country. Every store and ppst office in the country, like every street corner and shady rendez- vous in town, has its quota of incura- ble idlers. It is strange how the two slasses of those who do work, even |Ce is sometimes unfaithfully and un- tairly, seldom have a word of re- proach for the loafer, the deadbeat, the soclal sponge, who lives upon us sl It is easy to imagine, if not to meas- ure. how greatly our aggregate effi- clency is lowered by this widespread attitude toward the one essential or- derly progress. I had a dream, susceptible of 2 ‘much broader application than I shall make of it here. I thought there was some psycho- logical wave, and every man, woman and child woke up one morning with the desire and will to devote every leisure hour to some form of work. The Elks put aside their dominoes and, meeting with the Lions, Kiwa- nians and Rotarians in their neigh- borhood _streets, clea: the drains and gathered up the loose stones: the swarm of loafers at the Littlefield corner melted away, taking the best job that offered, cheerfully accepting one dollar if no one offered five; the League of Woman Voters adjourned its meetings and the members found plenty to do in their own households; the moving picture censor closed his desk and went home to whitewash a chicken coop; the children pulled up the weeds in the school yard; the preacher talked about the dignity of labor and made it clear t one could pray just as effectually in over- alls as in pajamas; the ladies found the garden trowel just as restful to tired nerves as bridge, and the men, that more could aocomplished with the hoe than with the golf club. Even the university professor quit his job of superintending the earth to mow the campus lawn. The great army of uplifters disbanded. Every- body was busy and there was nobody to reform. One afternoon the fire truck swung down the street, and not a single automobile chased after it. There was a dog-fight on Con- avenue and no crowd gathered 10 see how it came out. A pretty girl ng a mw it The man who had always stood on that corner was painting his front gate. Everywhere was heard the swish of the paint brush and the cheerful music of the hammer and saw. After a bit a stranger came to town. He found the most cheerful, {firendly and self-respecting people he had ever seen, and Austin became the cleanest, most orderly and beau- tiful city in the world. A man who had been asleep for sixty days woke up. He thought he was in heaven. WOULD CUT MIDSHIPMEN. Bill Introduced Restoring Pre-War Basis of Appointing. The number of midshipmen enter- ing the Naval Academy at Annapolis would be reduced to a pre-war basis under a bill introduced yesterday by Representative Cable of Ohio. Mr. Cable’s bill provides that there shall be allowed at the Naval Acad- emy one midshipman for each sena- tor, representative and delegate in ongress, one for the District of Co- lumbia and ten appointed each year at large, and fifty to be appointed an- nually from enlisted men of the United States Navy by the Secretary of the Navy. It is provided, however, that this act shalli not effect those midshipmen now in the academy or those who shall be appointed during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1922. ‘The bill is in line with the general trend of Congress to reduce, where- ever possible, expenditures for the Army and Navy. It would reduce the number of midshipmen from 2,37S to 596. Mr. Cable also introduced a bill to limit the number of cadets at West Point from 1,261 to 742 SETTLE THREE DISPUTES. Labor Department Officials Have Other Cases Pending. Adjustment of three labor contro- versies, one involving seven coal mines and 3,500 workers, was an- nounced by the Department of Labor for the week ended yesterday. There are at present twenty strikes before the department for settlement and in ad- dition twenty-six controversies which have not yet reached the strike stage. The total number of cases pending before the department is forty-elght, of which elght are new. A pending strike of shipyard work- ers at Chester, Pa. involving 1,600 persons, is before the department for settlement. INVITED TO CAMP MEADE. Quartermasters of the National Guard and Reserve Corps have been invited by the Quartermaster General of the Army to attend the ten-day encampment for quartermasters to be heid at Camp Meade, Maryland, beginning tomorrow. The only cost to officers attending will be railroud fare and $13 for subsistence while at the camp. 4 ]