Evening Star Newspaper, August 7, 1921, Page 29

VOICE OF AMERICA MAY END STRIFE Mere Word of Ambassador Harvey Could i Settle Discordant 5 Which Threaten All European Policies ‘ " BY OLIVER OWEN KUHN. ILL America’s voice yet lead european diplomacy out of the wilderness? Will America's influence be responsible for the settlement of old world questions which, if permit- ted to go on and on with no settle- ment. may lead to strife of far reach- ing character? These are the questions that nat- wrally arise as a result of the an- nouncement that Ambjssador George Harvey will sit in the supreme allied council. It has been stated definitely that Ambassador Harvey merely will be an | Britain. sion into Silesia independently Great Britain. Feeling again flared up in England. France dispatched a note to Germany asRing the safe conduct of troops through Germany into Silesia. Germany, as France says, insolently refused the request unless it be one coming from all the. allies. France turned to England, demandmg that England join the request. England re- fused again, insisting on a session of the supreme council. A serious dead- lock only was ended when Great Brit- ain, in winning her point i regard to calling the supreme council for the set- tlement of the Silesian question, finally did join the allies in a request on Ger- many for a safe conduct for troops. Strife Not Yet Over. e The action was heralded as ending the strife between France and Great This is not true. It can observer. But can the average man representing a nation which has the desire to see an end to all war sit fdly by and see statesmen of other countries plunge into disputes and arguments leading to certain clashes, at least the disruption of alliances ‘builded in the war for the perpetu- ation of the tenante of civilization? The average man cannot and it is not expected even in the most con- servative circles that Ambassador Harvey will sit by and permit the allies to plunge into hazardous estrangement without voicing the will of the American government. At least he may be expected to give a word here and a word there that will tend to molify discordant policies and heated statesmen, and. as a result of this. the coming session of the su- preme council in Paris undoubtedly will accomplish more work than any that has been held since America de- parted from allied deliberations. Issues Must Be Settled. There are remaining many ques- tions which are tending to push Eng- jand, France and Italy farther apart, notably the Silesian and near eastern issues. These questions must be settled for the sake of a going, pros- perous and peaceful Europe. OWwing to strong difference in policies exist- ing between various countries and the conflict of political motives, it 15 but natural that some voice is needed to hold the diverging elements to: gether. America undoubtedly will bé the deciding factor, even though America’s representative is forced for the sake of political expediency- to take a non-partisan. viewpoint and speak only when spoken to. But he will be spoken to and in plenty. There is a serious doubt that the foreign offices of France and Eng- land would welcome an immadiate session of the supréme councll were it not known that Ambassador Har- vey would be a participant, even theugh an observer. The feelinx that has been growing between Kngland and France for a long period reactied a degree of intensity undreamed of last week. when differences over Silesia led to sharp exchanges, ex- changes which if transmitted at any time during a period before 1914, might have led to war. Only the knowledge that neither Great Britain nor France-dared break away from the other at this time when the peace treaty yet remains to be enforced in full, if the fruits of four years of terrible war are to be realized, saved the situation. Yet it cannot be said that the crisis is past. It will not be until the whole Silesian question is! unraveled and satisfactory solution reached; that is, a united ailied action which will have in the end every prospect of being carried out. Has Potential Dangers. At the momept the question of Stlesia has more potential dangers than any other, inasmuch as the French tendency to back Polish interests whether or no, even in the face of op- position of other allies, brought on the first trouble. France’s note to Germany demanding the withdrawal of German troops from the borders of Silesia, one sent inde- pendently of the other aMies, started | the fires of discord. England, resent- ing this, directed attention’ to the slight. France demanded England join her in sending more troops to the trouble zone: England demurred, stat- fng that they were not necessary. Paris took exception, seeing a slap at diplomatic judgment. England insist- ed on an immediate session of the su- preme council to decide Silesian bound- aries before deciding on the dispatch of troops. Briand demurred. France an: ] nounced she would send anether divl never be true as long as the current of political and diplomatic thought in Downing street and the Quad d'Orsay are running in opposite di- rections. There is sure to be trouble In the coming session of the_ supreme council over the fixing of Silesian boundaries. unless there be a med! ing voice or unless Lloyd George and Briand do what they are not expected to do—come to an amicable agreement. Ambassador Harvey, it is believed, has received definite instructions from President Harding and Secretary Hughes as to their attitude on the Silesian question, and even though Ambassador Harvey may not take an active part in initiating discussion of these views, undoubtedly he will air them when it appears that the con- ference is about tb end without con- crete action in the way of settlement. It is the course of common sense and prudence if this country by non- interested expression of views can bring about a settlement of an issue which sooner or later may engulf Europe in another war. A meye word from America may be sufficient, for there is a noticeable desire on the part of the allies to heed the wishes of this countrv. Statesmen of foreign countries constantly have their ears to the shores of the ocean interven- ing to find out what the diplomatic wild waves may be carrying from America. It is realized thoroughly at ancient antipathies. natural or created, and inherent jealousies, ex- istent among old world peoples. often- times preclude desired agreements. Nationalistic iInterest invariably is espoused by statesmen whose tenure depends, upon so doing. The co- ordination of policies for the common weal-is extremely " difficult, and this difficulty is exemplified to no greater degree than In varfbus attempts to settle the Silesian question. Fixing up Bowndaries. ‘The whole Silesi issue is still extremely dangerous. Undoubtedly Premier Lloyd George will endeavor to have fixed definite boundaries be- tween Polish and German territories as marked out by the plebecite vote. Germany through this will obtain many of the rich industrial sections which France feels Poland shogld jhave for the economic welfare of the latter. Inasmuch as Poland and France are closely bound by alliances, naturally France will go far before she surrenders to the British viewpoint. Englands’ hand is strengthened by the adherénce of Italy to the policy of fixing definite boundaries. A compromise js certain to come out of the situation and Ambassador Har- vey may play a leading role, though officially it never may become known. Not at the moment at least. - If the boundaries are fixed the allies may be called upon to send troops to Silesia to enforce their edicts, and, i after the whole situa- tion has been aired thoroughly and some definite steps taken toward set- tlement, it may be expected that Eng- land will join France in sending troops, provided the genuine need is shown. There i® still serious doubt. however, both Germany and Poland will be 'satisfied with any decision of the supreme council, but if edicts are backed by force both of the contesting nations may take heed and reluctantly agree to abide by the de- cisions reached. And, if Ambassador Harvey can help in the adjustment of difficulties between the allies themselves and lead to a fair and square adjustment ; of Silesian problems, respecting the rights of all, it can be truthfully said that America will have done as much or more than any other factor to hasten the day of co-operative en- deavor in the removal of all war scars from Europe's body politic. T0 GET FAIRER DEAL (Continued from First Page.) Keep it from spreading out Into monop- olies and some of the hobbles are so complicated that they are preventing business from functior. - T the benefit of the people. I think -« .1 have to be gin soon to remove some of the hob. bles, disband_some of the commissions or hobble them to give business a chance. . “This is a big country and our rela- tions with the rest of the world are so ‘big that business has to be big to prop- erly represent the United States, and Congress should begin to recognize that mere bigness in business is not out of keeping with the spirit and development of the nation.” Need of Unit Development. Representative Martin B. Madden of Illinois, the new chairman of the House agpropriations committee. Who is co-operating with Director of the Budget Dawes for- efficient economy in the government, speaking from more than fifty years of business ex- perience, during which he grew from a waterboy in a quarry to the mil- Jionaire president of one pf the larg- est building corporations in the coun- try. said: “Qur intensified production and our expanding commerce are expressions of the tremendous business growth of this nation. To meet the demands of our own people to make the most of our resources and opportunities and the genius of the American peo- le we must do business in an ever- increasing big way. Of recent years the aim of legislation has been to restrict business, to force competi- tion. The world war has taught many Jessons, and among them one of the most important is the need for unit development—monopolistic develop- ment of certain industries and utili- ties. Water power, dye manufactur- ing and radio are fllustrations. “We must by legislation encourage private enterprise to build up such services, essential to the country in the new and expanding era. Several small men with scamt capital cannot make ad®quate development such as can be made by one great corpora- tion representing this united capital and with unlimited resources. But even this giant corporation cannot be expected to make the needed devel- opment unless assured that it is not to be hampered and vexed by inter- ference from impractical clerks with government authority. In Interest of the People. “In the interests of the grea. mass of the people to be benefited through such development on a big scale, mo- nopolistic scale if you will, Congress must legislate in a way tI will in- duce big men and big capital to de- welop new things on_a scale equal to the new bigness of the nation. “Congress must devote its atten- tion in the future to more careful legislation regarding the restrictions thrown about big business. The in- terests of the le must be ade- quately safegusrded against the dan- A&ers that might result from munopo: “B16 BUSINESS” NOW l listic control, but Congress must at the same time be, careful not to place the regulating authority in the hands of small or incompetent men who will needlessly hamper and restrain busi- ness from accomplishment of a big furpole beneficial to the whole coun- ry.” —_— MONEY FOR RUSSIAN AID WILL BE SPENT IN U. S. Secretary Hoover Says Contem- . plated Supplies Will Be Pur- chased in This Country. All the money which may be ex- pended in buying supplies for the re- lief of hunger-stricken Russian chil- dren will be spent in the United States, according to Secretary Hoover. In the event of an undertaking by the American relief administration to fight famine among the young and sick in Russia, he said, all supplies, except surplus stocks abroad, would be purchased in this country and shipped to Russia. Walter Lyman Brown, European director of the relief administration, Mr. Hoover said, was expected to reach Riga on August 10 to open ne- gotiations with the soviet authorities for the undertaking. Outside of press reports, he added, he had received no advices of the release of the American prisoners, which was made the funda- mental condition of the administra- tion's offer of aid. In the meantime, Mr. Hoover said, no very large program for Russian relief was being worked out pending the outcome of the negotiations, al- though more than normal supplies were being sent to Danzig and Riga preparatory to possible shipment into Russia. A Discussing the character of sup- plies which’ will be sent into Russia it the relief work is undertaken, Mr. Hoover said that milk, fats and ce- reals, which lend themselves to chil- drzn'l d:el“:luclfl‘al rice, corn, hominy and materials for sou ‘woul the bulk of the cnrzol:: ot tean DIPLOMATIC CORPS SHIFTS. Recent transfers of secretaries in the United States diplomatic service include the following: Elbridge Gerry Greene, from Bucharest to Sofla; Oli- ver B. Harriman, from Montevideo to London; Norman Armour, from The Hague to Montevideo; L. Lanier. Wil- eon, from London to Mexico City; Jo- seph W. Carroll, from Mexico City to Rome; Herbert S. Goold, from Bogota to Managua; J. Theodore Marriner, from Quito to Tegecigalpa; William B. Southworth, from Lima to Mexico City; Harold M. Deane, from Berlin to Quite, and J. Pierrepont Moffat, from Department of State, to Tokio. —_— Rice shippers were authorized yester- day by the Interstate'Commerce Com- mission to have shipments of rough rice from California and Arkansas to New Orleans milled at Lake.Charles. La.,.at the through freight rates, plus 2.5 cents a hundred pounds transit charge. | D. © , "AUGUST 7, 1921—PART 2 THE STORY THE WEEK HAS ‘TOLDPBRINGINGI i : BURIED CIVILIZATION Important Discoveries Recently Made of the Ancient Life of Guatemala : and Yucatan. BY HENRY W. BUNN. (Copyright, 1921, by The Washington Star.) HE following is a brief summary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended August 6: THE SUPREME COUNCIL.—Lloyd George and Briand have compromised again, we are told, though on the face of it Briand seems to have: done most of the compromising. Briand \has summoned the supreme council to meet on August 8. The council will first take up the delicate question: Shall rein- forcements be sent to Upper Silesia? If yes, French only, or other allied troops also, and how many? France, Britain and Italy (Italy following PEritain's lead as throughout the Upper Silesia business) have called on the Berlin government to arrange for prompt passage of such troops through Germany should the decision be yes. Presumably next on the agenda of the council will be the determination of the Up- per Silesian boundary. Supposing this mat- ter settled (which is supposing a great deal), and next supposing the atmosphere of the council to permit of further deliberations (which Is supposing quite as much), other questions and problems will clamor for solu- tions and decisions. Shall allied occupation of Duesseldorf, Duisburg and Ruhrort be continued or not? Shall the Rhine customs barriers be removed or not? Briand does not wish to discuss thees questions; Lloyd George does. And the program to facilitate reparaticn payments . which M. Loucpeur, for France, and Dr. Rathenau, for Germany, have drawn up would like to be examined, and should be. Then there is the question of the alleged failure of justice in the Leipzig trials. France and Belgium are hot for puni- tive action on that score. And the grievances | of little Albania against the Jugoslavs and the Greeks' cry to the council for redress. of supreme importanca to the Albanians, who have been shabbily fubbed off. Some say the council will consult on relief for the starv- ing ‘Russians; a difficult consultation, for, though the heart melt to the cries from the Volga, humanitarian cannot entirely oust po- litical consideration, and, finally, there is the everlasting Turkish problem, which, day by day, seems to grow more muddled, less ca- pable of a sound solution. ‘Work enough for the supreme council! It is pleasant to note that Jjust now all is quiet on the Cder. * % % % RUSSIA.—In a message to the communist newspapers of Paris, Chicherin, the foreign secretary of the Moscow government, com- -plains of the “frequently exaggerated or er- roneous, sometimes absolutely false,” state- ments issued by the press of western Europe and of America concerning famine conditions in Russia. He says that in ten provinces of east, southern and central Russia (along the Volga basin from Astrakhan to Vyatka) there has been an almost total failure of crops due to drought, the total population of these provinces being 18,000,000; that, if the wheat (practically the only food) on hand in these provinces were to be.impartially dis- tributed there would lack two-fifths of the quantity absolutely essential to sustain life until the next harvest: that there is no seed wheat on hand for the winter planting (be- fore September 15). The above sounds au- thentic; at any rate, much nearer the truth than the lurid dispatches from Riga and ° Helsingfors which hint at as many as 45,- 000,000 victims; according to which the only food in the stricken provinces is roots, bark of trees and human flesh (for cannibalism, they say, is rife); which tell of a flood of these wretches, wave on wave, surging west- ward, eating the land bare, as after a swarm of locusts, converging on Moscow, crying for food and vengeance. Moscow, by these accounts, is feverishly preparing for defense, and will welcome the starvlings with machine guns. Chicherin admits the migrations, but says they are be- ing helped and directed by the soviet au- thorities. “Nowhere are there the excesses and violences reported by the western Euro- pean and the American press. The migra- tions have taken no form menacing soviet authority or public order.” One fancies that the truth is somewhere between Chicherin and the Baltic news purveyors; that there have been terrible excesses and violences; that there has been and is serious menace to social security and public order, though not %0 terrible nor so serious as Riga and Hel- singfors. would have us believe.. * * * Though Chicherin rightly charges exag- geration as to the number of victims and the amount of relief required, the situation is, on his own showing, hideous enough; for the distribution of the limited food supplies existing in the stricken provinces is unequal, + and (even were it possible to separate the fortunate ones from their hoards) thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands, must die be- fore equal distribution could be made, be- cause bt lack of transportation. Chicherin is eager to convince that the soviet authorities are doing thelr best, even taking heavy chances by admitting the op- position parties to representation on the re- llef committees. “A visitation of God"; bol- shevism fs not to blame for that. Naturally, Chicherin would divert attention from the fact that the “visitation of God" fell upon only a relatively small part of Russia; that, but for the bolshevist regime, there would be plenty of reserve supplies elsewhere in Russia and sufficient transport for their dis- tribution; that there should be little mor- tality. The French press, though advocating generous help from France, bitterly regrets that such help from the west may be the means of saving the soviet regime, else doomed to fall before the universal wrath. The soviet press is very ungracious and suspicious. It resents the necessity of ac- cepting bourgeois charity; it professes to fear that under cover of dispensation of such charity a counter revolution may be fo- mented. Mr. Hoover's offer of help has been ac- cepted upon the conditions prescribed. Radek, writing in the official Pravada, has the following to sav concerning the re- ports of Russien mobillzation, which re- cently made such a sensation: “French di- plomacy in disseminating and circulating these Tumors is trying to exploit the present famine situation. By reports of Russian mobilization against Poland, France hopes to stampede Poland into starting a surprise war againt Russia ‘in self defense.’ France thinks the right moment has come for over- whelming Russia, and also for breaking up commerce between Russia and Germany by Poland. Reaction is lying to the whole world. Russia i= making no war prepara- tions.” The accustation against France is, of course, unwarranted; the rumors came from those gushing sources of rumor—Riga and Helsingfors. * k ok ¥ CHINA.—T mentioned last week a report that several armies of the Canton republic ‘were converging upon Hu-Peh province, pro- posing to wrest it from the control of Pekin. Apparently a complete or partial junction of the Canton forces was effected just over the Hu-Peh border north of Yo-Chau, and a halt was made for reinforcements. But the Pekin commander discourteously declined to walt, and attacked. At last report a battle was “raging” over a ten-mile front. If “raging” is the word, it- will be something new in Chinese battles, which are usually quite bloodless, the decision depending on which side first firmly resolves to run away or to desert en masse to the enemy. your Chinaman, though the bravest man on earth, finds modern warfare a bore; the which ‘does credit to his common and his artistic sense, but serves him ill politically. But, however this battle may wage, its re- sult may prove of very great importance in world history. * k k X UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.—The Senate conferees accepted, with little modi- fication, the packer contral bill as received from the House, abandoning the sterner Senate measure. The Senate has approved the conference report, and ‘it goes to the House. The Senate has passed an amendment to the war finance corporation act which would greatly extend the credit scope of that act and is intended for relief of the farmers. It is the administration’s substitute for the Norris bill. It goes'to the House. Senator Borah has offered a resolution which calls for reduction of the Army from 150,000 to 100,000 men. He also favors a proportionate reduction of the officer strength. * % % X MISCELLANEOUS.—Through an Instru- ment known as the Belinograph (after the inventor, Dr. Belin, a Frenchman), a mes- sage sent by wireless telegraphy from New York on August 4 was reproduced in Paris in facsimile form as written, in seven minutes. Date to be marked, perhaps. The Dail Eireann (Irish republican parlia- ment) has been summoned for August 16. ‘It is expected that the British government will release before that date the twenty- five members of that body whom it holds in prison or detention camp (except one charged with murder). Apparently, ex- changes have ‘been taking place between Dublin and Belfast, but what and with what results only the principals know. Recent reports alleged that, though the various illicit German military formations have ‘heen formally disbanded, they have failed to give up considerable part of their arms. It so, we are likely to hear more of the matter. A portion of the British press, which shows more and more suspicion and jealousy ot France, seems to give credence to the rumor that France has agreed to subsidize the Polish army in return for French control of the army; for extraordinary economic con- cessions in Poland as she is, and for the promise of still more extraordinary conces- sions in the dispute districts of Upper Silesia should they go to Poland. The Bulgarian government, its attention in- vited to reports of the Bulgarian intrigues pointed dguinst Thrace, tells the allies that it desires peace above all things and has made effective dispositions to quash any af tempts which might be made from Bulgeria to disturb the status quo in Thrace. A good deal of excellent testimony tends to show the present Bulgarian government decent and reliable. - Practically no news from the Anatolian front this week. But I note a report in the Parls Temps to the effect that London has told King Constantine that he may go ahead and occupy Constantinople. I do not believe it. If it is so, the fat is in all the fires of Europe and the near and middle East. A Japanese newspaper declares that the Japanese government have made a list of twenty-one subects which they would bar from discussion at the Washington confer- ence, among them being Yap, Shantung and the Japanese occupation of Siberia. If this information is correct, one should like to know, not what subjects may not, but what subjects may be, discussed. How Water Boy Rose to Be Millionaire ward climb, tions, Madden of 1llinois, the new chairman of the House appropriations com- mittee. And to High Place in Nation’s Councils ROM water boy quarry to millionaire presi- dent of one of the largest contracting corporations in this country marks the up- through many priva- in a stone of Representatve Martin B. Madden worked his way upward stone quarry in the village of Le= - by finding joy in his menfal em- ployment and striving to know more about his job than any one else. He laid the foundations of his fortune by holding his expenses to less than half of what he was paid and saving the rest. Out of the hard experiences of his earlier life Representative Madden brings an admiration for the work- ing man, a zeal to help his less for- tunate fellows—few men in public life today devote themselves as he does to studying and working for the interests of the great mass of so-called “common people.” Out of his own notable business success, Representative Madden brings to the new job of approving all the appropriations for federal government expenditure a purpose to establish efficlent economy in Uncle Sam’s workshops. pared to work with Director of the Budget Dawes along this line, in the best interests of the taxpayers. But in this connection it must be ex- plained that Representative Mad- He is pre-l den’s ideas of “economy” differ some- what from a common understanding of that word. “Economy may not mean refusing to spend money. It may mean spending a great deal of money,” he said. “It means spend- ing the amount that will get the best work done for the purposes desired, and for the best interests of the people.” Pay Well for Good Service. As the paymaster-in-chief for the more than 600,000 _employes on Uncle Sam's payroll, Representative Madden believes firmly that the really efficient and ambitious government workers are underpaid. He is in favor of Uncle Sam paying well those who do their work well and making the clvil service employment a mark of distinction. He would open up op- portunity for promotion and thus give incentive, for faithful work and self-development to all who take a government job. “Fewer on Uncle Sam's payrolls, but more éfficient and better paid workers” is his solution of this problem. Out of his own busi- ness he finds the answer to the com- plaint that there is too much lassi- ture and inertia, too much Aime-|y serving in the federal departments. “In our business we always started a fellow at the bottom and helped him to advance. If he was ambitious and could make good we gave him the promotion. If he couldn’t make good he had to find another job.” His own life tells theestory of hard work; ambition and _self-confidence. At the age of twenty-seven, when e was receiving $3,500, he was offered the vice presidency of the Northeérn Pacific_raflroad at $10,000 a year— and, refused it because he was deter- mined to make an even better suec- cess than that of his own business. Here is his own story of how he started to work when only ten years of age and how he won promotion by doing more than he was obliged to: Began to Work at Age of Tea. “I was ten years of age when I held my first job. It was a menial job,|§ but I was very much interested in it. | 1 was employed as a water boy in & work. esting. Chicago. the same. discovered a lack of system of car- ing for the tools used by the men. suggested to the superintendent what 1 thought should be done to im- prove the Bystem. me for the suggestion and later em- ployged me to do that phase of the My compensation remained After about a year of this work I was assigned to other duties, menial in their character, but inter- The hours were long. begin-. ning at 7 and ending at 6. tance from home was considerable; three miles of walk back and forth every day, but it was fun, and when pay days came I was very happy to carry my.pay home and the exchequer of the family. “I was interested in the work. I ld‘g‘w confine myself to the thing 1 was assigned to other thinge and it soon became. ap- arent that I did know them. and rom . time to -time I. was advanced from place to place until after a year I had my gday, later on t o $50 & month.” That was a fortune. 0 me." 5 * Young-Madden, was nevef content. MARTIN B. MADDEN, mont, Ill, twenty-five miles out_of He was always a climber, and after here wére no water tanks or modern facilities for supplying the needs of the workmen in those days and the -water had to be carried in buckets from the springs which came through the seams of the rocks. compensation for this employment was 50 cents a day. something better. My | school. with the work. He commended 1,000°men employed. The dis- }the way, while ut it into 0. I tried to know pl;i increased to $1 & 0 $1. 50, and finally up |$26 of it-and paid my When my salary ‘creased S and my savin, t . advanced to ey away.” reer. For . When I_was 100 the expenses went to 340 2 month and my savings to $60, and I recall when my salary was made $150 a month I fixed my ex- penses at $50 and put the other $100 Then_came a crossroad in his ca- The bright way was pointed out to him with a position of great importance and a salary of $10.000, but he continued along the rugged way on which he had started, because working at hard manual day studied nights to fit himself for Here's his simple story of how he progressed: “At the end of my day I went to I studied the technical things that were, connected with the business; and stability.” | in which I had started. i J “As I went along with the work I{a good many engineering problems' that appealed to me in connection There were There were ‘They did not pay as high wages then for {mportant places as they do now. As superin-| tendent I got $100 a month, 8nd byithat character, a local went to school every night and be- came -proficient as an' engineer and was charged with engineering prob- lems of some complexity.” Saved Part of His Pay. It was while earning such small salaries by hard work that Madden: laid the foundation of his fortune. He always saved the larger part of what he found in_his as_he himself testifies: “'When 1 got 3$30_a month I saved educational and Other expenses with _the bals became §75- ‘my expensés to. $35 a ‘month pay envelope, he "had faith in himself to make a success of the business he was in. In describing this period of his life and the justification of his confidence, Representative Madden says: Declined $10,000 a Year. “At twenty years of age I was made financial manager of the business and had chief direction of all the detafls. I studied law about this time during the evenings at a local law school and was admitted to the bar, but never practiced. This continued for several years, and later, when I was about twenty-seven years of age, haa charge of the engineering work on the Northern Pacific terminal, which was being built by Henry Villard, controlling owner of the Northern Pacific, with whom I became well ac- quainted. Mr. Villard offered me the vice presidency of the railroad, at a salary of $10,000 a year. I refused it. He asked me what I was receiv- ing, and I said $3,500. He wanted to know why I would not accept his offer. I told him that I had hopes of becoming a partner in the business in which I was then engaged, and I had decided to make that busines my life work, and that $10,000 would not measure what I hoped to earn, and Ithat while I felt complimented by his offer and the confidence it indicated, I felt that I did not care to enter upon the study of a new line of work, and I expressed the fear that a change in the control of the rallroad ownership might change the officers and prevent the progress which Y anticipated in the line in which I was engaged. He expressed his admiration for the courage which prompted me to de- cline his offer, and said that I had displayed a wisdom that made him !:el" that I was made of the right stuff. “A little later I was admitted to partnership 'in the business, which had developed to an endrmous size, and was made vice president and gen- eral sales manager, in which capacity I bujlt the business up until it was the foremost in its line. I was later made president, which position I occu- pied for more than twenty years. In this capacity I had an opportunity to know men and_ things and to meet, the problems that required courage labor all Entrance Into Polities. ' Regarding his entrance into politics I studied mathematics | and his success, with experience that assiduously and later I became inter-|will stand him well in his new job ested in' the engineering features of|as chairman of the appropriations the work. I studied them. the chief draftsman of the concern atjcalls as follows: - sixteen.. At eighteen I became super- intenderit of the plant. I became | committee, Representative Madden re- “I had no idea of ever entering poli- tics, and my having entered was an accident. The part of the city in which I lived was new and umde oped, and like all other localitles of vement took an active part. It soon came to pass - that all the people in the neigh- borhood leaned upon me to do_th things that>were necessary to be done, and later they insisted that I become mpro 1 was doing all this Klot‘;nlntlnn ‘was effected, in which I ber before the night 1 was sworn in. I was appointed chairman of the com- mittee on harbors and bridges, & com- mittee which had not held a meeting for several years. I discovered it was r'ss NTO LIGHT By BEN McKELWAY. MPORTANT discoveries of cities and other relics of an ancient civi- lization which thrived in Central America during the first fifteen cen- turles of the Christian era are report- ed by Dr. Sylvanus G. Morley, asso- ciate in American archeology of the Carnegie Institution, who returned to Washington a few weeks ago, after a trip into the unexplored regions of Guatemala which began last January. Dr. Morley was accompanied by Dr. C. E. Guthe and William Gates, both assoclates of the Carnegie Institu- tion, and O. G. Ricketson, jr., and A. K. Rutherford. Little is known of the people who once inhabited what is now a waste of forest and jungle, but the ruins and inscriptions unearthed point to the greatest native civilization which America produced, the ancient Maya of southern Mexico and northern Central America. And Mr. Gates, by coming in direct contact with the descendants of the Indians who lived there long ago, has opened lines of communica- tion which may pave the way for eventual recovery of what is left of their ancient learning. ’uueved would require about eight tion of conditions in Haiti and Santo Domingo now in progress. The proclamation outlining the plan of withdrawal of the American government from the Dominican Re- public, published in Santo Domingo June 14 by Rear Admiral S. S. Rob- inson, declared that the American forces would be withdrawn after a responsible Dominican _government had been established. This, it was months, ‘and as a first step August 13 was set for the Dominican election provided for under the new plan. But the political factions in Santo Domingo are still at work. None of them is satisfied with the terms of the American proposals for leaving the republic in the hands of Domini- cans. Political leaders, it develop ed the American government in Santo Domingo that if the election was held as planned they would keep the peo- ple from the polls and refuse any co-operation in carrying out what they have in reality been fighting for. The election is still in the air, postponed indefinitely, and from the present outlook. will remain there. Dr. Henriquez y Carvajal, who was about to become President of the Dominican Republic when the govrn- ment was taken over by the United States, is now in Washingeon. He has sent proposals to Santo Domingo and the State Department for solving The peninsula of Yucatan, juts uD {the deadlock, but those in touch with along the Gulf of Mexico, 250 miles! wide and 400 miles long. In this little known and forgotten region great cities grew up centuries ago, fllled with temples, pyramids, palaces and monasteries. built of finely carved limestone and grouped around paved squares and courts. In these plazas monuments were erected, their sides inscribed with elab- orate hiereglyphic writings setting forth facts. The region was densely populated, highly organized under centralized governments and flourished as the van- guard of new world civilization. 1 the situation believe Carvajal has lost some of the prestige he once en- joyed and lacks a following. He sug- gested a protocol to be figned by rep- resentatives of the Un'ted States and inhabitants of Santo Domingo pro- posing Lo suspend the e¢xecution of |American plans of withdrawal and jthe elections, in order to permit the Dominicans to carry out thelr own plan of reorganization. His plan has not been approved. either here or in Santo Domingo. * % % x British and Dutch capitalists are ob- During centuries which followed the|taining concessions from the Argentine height of Maya civilization, pestilence, drought, civil war and famine over- [uhich has been found lfikened the tribe, and when the Spania under Francisco Montejo, landed on the east coast of Yucatan in 1541, the remnant of this once brilliant people fell and was speedily . reduced to slavery and -de- pendence. Their cities were abandoned, the jungle again crept over the region and today these former centers of hu- man activity lie buried in a dense for- Dr. Morley's party discovered several new cities in northern Peten, maps were made and photographic records com- piled, while important dates, found in inscriptions, were deciphered and other information obtained for the publication of an extensive report on archeological remains of the n. dela report to the Department | Brady, in Buenos Aires, government for exploitation of petroleum, in marketable quantities in several territories, and in of Com- merce Trade Commissioner George S. icans to study the steps capitalists to obtain the “inside track” on what may prove valuable oil pro- ducing country. Transportation is the greatest prob- lem at present, Mr. Brady reports, in marketing oil obtained in Argentina, but the handicap is being overcome. While the Argentine government is not inclined to look with favor on the ac- tivities of foreign capitalists, some of its objection has been overcome by the practice of incorporating the companies under the laws of Argentina. Argen- Dr. Guthe un-itina's oil production at present is not regiol earthed the principal plaza of one of the | sufficient to meet her domestic demand, larger citles and discovered a number byt there is prom! of valuable relics, including pottery and | duction in the recent e of Ereater pro- iscoveries of Ger- the tomb of eome important individual. | man, British and Dutch geologists. * The investigations were carried on under great difficulties, Dr. Morley re- ports. The climate is extremely hot and humid. the water impure and in- sanitary and the insect plagues are an- noying and dangerous. Dr. Morley's party had great difficulty inobtaining suitable transportation, the most prac- tical being the primitive mule trains which averaged fifteen or so miles a day thi the jungle. Labor was found to be hard to obtain and in- efficient, and altogether the adverse conditions combined to discourage sclentific investigation of the region. Other trips are planned, but it will 'be some time before the region yields its archeological secrets which will tell the story of ovnie of the earliest and most interesting civilizations that existed in the western world. * % k% ‘The situation in the Dominican Re- public at present sheds an interest- ing light on conditions with which the American naval government has to contend. It might forecast what is to be shown by the Senate investiga- clt overnment which it is today. 'Ahfeter': ‘yur in this position I was elected chairman of the finance com- mittee and president of the council The latter position 1 held for two years, the mayor, under the charter, being the president; but in this in- stance he declined to preside. “Werk In Chicago Council. “As c¢hairman of the finance com- mittee 1 had jurisdiction over all the appropriations and the tax levies. 1 found the city in a very bad way financially. 1 think it owed twenty million dollars of current obligations which it was unable to pay. Annex- ation had just taken place in Chicago, adding 160 square miles of new terri- tory, some of which was sparsely set- tied. All of this .territory needed sewers and water to accommodate the population which had been voted into the city. 1 had charge of the exten- sion of the water system and the system of tunnels and pumping sta- tions which were constructed, and whieh have been adequate to meet the needs of the present day population with but little additions to the sys- tems then created. All this was done without a dollar of indebtedness be- ing. created; it was paid for out of the revenues of the water system and the water fund always remained in- tact during the entire development. “In addition to that I made it my business to appropriate less money than we received every year by a very large sum. That which was not appropriated went into the general fund and was available for the pay- ment of the current obligations which existed at the time I became chairma At the end of the seven- year period the obligation was paid off and the general fund was created sufficient to meet the city’s current needs in advance of the payment of the annual tax levy. During all this period no bonds were issued and the bonded debt at that time was only $11,000,000 for the entire city. At the end of eight years I declined to continue in the service and went back to private life. In the meantime I had become more or less interested in politics, but never to the extent of neglecting my business. It was al- ways a first principle with me to at- tend to my business. “J became chairman of the city cen- tral committee, a position I occupied for several years. In 1892 I was elected a delegate to the national con- vention in Minneapolis, and to each ‘suoceeding republican national con- vention until the last one, to which I declined to go as a delegate. © Interest Im P-n-(- :.-al. - 2 ¢ 1 was one of the men who "‘l':.l’!:a the state delegation to the national convention which nominat- ed McKinley for President and de- clared . in favor of a. gold plank in the - republican platform. We had considerable difficulty in inducing those in control to adopt the gold plank. . It was adopted, however, and ‘became the campaign issue in that year. X “In 1900, as a delegate to the na- tional convention -at Philadelphia, 1 served on'the subcommittee on reso- luttons, of which Senator Fairbanks was chairinan and Senator Foraker was s member. As-a:member of that committee 1 wrote the plank which merica. to the construc- e B canal, and I later tion of the Panama followed up the woi vising plans for the most expeditious method -of construction. y “T.-was elected to Congress in 1904 and - haye - served continuounsly. My first assignment was to the appropria- tions committee. I resigned from the committee after some years of service Heraand arbars, where I served 1ot an , where 7 assigned ce.!an important committee, though mnojtwo.years, and then was to $75_ I in-1one else seemed to find it out. " the committee on post offices and ‘post it one of the active, viril roads, and " uyaudqnnd{ industrious- * < x | _Work has been started on one of the first roads planned in Panama’s exten- sive road-building program. The con- tract calls for an asphalt roadway to cost about $275,000 and to run between Panama City and Old Panama. While the Costa Rican dispute temporarily lstopp(—d building operations in Panama, the construction probably will go for- ward from now on as planned. * x *x * The population of Chile, according to the census taken last December and just announced, is 3,806,328, indicating an in- crease of more than half a million people since 1907. The population of Santiago is 506594 and of Valparaiso 183.001, as compared with 332,724 and 162,447, fe- spectively, in 190 * x % % The Royal Dutch West India Mail Company has established regular steam- ship service between New York and Venezuela. On the return trip the ves- sels will make stops at one of the north- ern ports of Haiti. The steamers will sail every two weeks. ————————————— 1y to the work of developing a better system of working conditions in the postal service from the day of my assignment to the day of my transfer to the committee on appropriations in the last Congres: Ambition and Success. Questioned regarding his rules of }life and what led to his success, his { feeling towards his fellow men and his life's ambitions, Representative Madden said: “I have always believed that my success has been due to my determina- tion to know the thing 1 was doing as well or better than anvbody else. not to think of hours. but the results and the systematic disposal of ever: thing that was placed in my charge; mever to put off until tomorrow what ; to an economy personal affairs that alwa. left & balance in my account, no m ter how small the income; to a firm determination to follow a course which would justify confidence: to be the instrumentality through which in- formation on the subject placed in my charge might be obtained; and a will- ingness to accommodate myself to whatever th: situation might be and o assist others to the 2= =80 extent of my “My life ambition has been to amel- iorate the condition of those less fa- vorably situated than myself. 1 have never been active in society. T re- alize that hard work and society do not mix and that my first obligation is awlays to those 1 represent, whether in business or in public office. I look upon public office simply as an opportunity for service. Service can be rendered by men a: where, but public office gives a wider 8cope for service than private life. I have never had am ax to grind, ex- cept the public ax, and then only for [the public good. T believe the gov- ernment should take as_ little from the people for the conduct of the government as possible; that effi- clency in the service should always be paramount, and to the extent that economy can be properly exercised with efficiency 1 am a firm believer in it. There should be no secrets from the public by those who are in the pliballc service.” presentative Madden is muc gratificd at the confidence nis a0 leagues have placed in him by ma ing him chairman of this super-com. mittee on appropriations. He says: “The thing that gratifies me most in my election to the chairmanship of the mppropriations committee i the confidence which the House ex- pressed in my integrity and its belief in my ability to perform the onerous [duties of this important position. I |-l|nll look upon myseif the servant of the country, and it will be my earnest aim to co-operate with the President and his_advisers in every effort to relieve the taxpayers from unnecessary burdens bv the reduction of expenditures to the extent that such mad SHIPBUILDING LEADS. Greatest Increased Value Activity in Florida. Manufacturing statistics based on the census of 1919 in Florida and an- nounced by the census bureau show that shipbuilding led all other in- reductions can be legitimately e.” and value and_ activities. The value of products of this industry in 1919 were | $32.662.000 against $504.000 in 1914. i ' Value of all products manufactured, except those 'made by hand, was $213,675,000 in 1919, against $§1.112.- 000 in 1914; capitai invested totaled $206,294,000, against $58,318,000; sal- aries, $10,836,000, against 55,290,000; wages, $67,5681.000, against $24.522.000, ‘while the number of establishmen‘s increased from 2,518 to 2,581 in 19M