Evening Star Newspaper, August 7, 1921, Page 27

v ERMANY and the Germans, if EDITORIAL PAGE NATIONAL PROBLEMS 2 SPECIAL ARTICLES Part 2—10 Pages GERMAN TRADE CUTS INTO U. S. MARKETS ' American Valuation Plan for Levying Tariff Put Forward to Neutralize the Cheap Mark. BY G. GOULD LINCOLN. a workshop today. An American business man—in the textile business —recently visited the great dye plants in Germany. He was informed by the head of ome of them that the German companies could afford to run the plants and throw the dyes away— existing on the proceeds from the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen and fertilizers. One of these plants em- ployes 30,000 workers, and another T ns hate the billions:that |15:000. Naturally the avestuffs are n L | piling up. and can be sold, when the must be paid, nevertheless they are A 2 time comes, at remarkably low fig- bending every effort, with no little | it ures. The war reparations terms call success, to re-establish their markets e 5 hout the world and to win new for 25 per cent of the dyestuffs produc- m::l‘:fls"“ tion to be turned over to the allied nations. But Germany can do this 1 bb The German mark is at a loW b0 ;4 5yj)) nave enough dyes for her when it comes to foreign exchange. = own use and to supply other nations. tl aid- But as a matter of fact this is l A e R ; : s fng the Qe "‘“t"‘f"‘::":,‘:éd bargo on German dyes, but this ex- foxicaptusin gy marke s pires before long. The House de- 1 States and other countries. Also. it} 1.5 4 4o put into the tariff bill an explains why the Germans are buying | (npor00 on German dyes, but fixed as little as possible and selling '"|tarm dutles on the dyes. The fight reports that are brought here by American business men dealing with govern- men bureaus, and sometimes by agents of the government itself, can be credited, are “sawing wood.” They are working overtime, producing much and buying little. Burdened with a staggering war debt and repa- * at all they can of their own products. Not “Dumping” Goods. Instead of attempting to their goods on the American marke! for instance, at prices below those charged for such goods in Germany or even in nearby countries, the Ger- mans are putting higher prices on But they can do this and still sell them at lower prices than the American pro- n ' chasing power of his wage is con- the goods they ship here. ducer can sell, for the simple reaso! that the cost of production in Ger- many is so much lower, aided and‘ abetted by the cheap mark and lhel dear dollar. The Germans, of course, must pur- chase some raw materials from the United States. raw cotton. Cotton today is away down to 13 cents a pound. as com- pared with the high mark of 43 cents not so long ago. Then there is cop- per. But the bottom has fallen out of the copper. market, and the Ger- mans are able to buy this commodity at comparatively low rates. So they are lucky when it comes to the pur- chase of these raw materials. As illustrative of the way in which Germans are declining to 8o American and other foreign mar- kets and are relying upon themselves, a little story about fruit jam—is told here. jam at a store in Berlin developed the fact that no jam was to be had. Moreover. the would-be purchaser was informed that if he wanted jam he would have to wait until the next fruit crop had come along and been turned into jam. In other words, the Germans are not importing jam from the United States or elsewhere. German Cheap Products. JAn American recently returned from Germany brought with him two dolls for his little girls. One of these dolls was of the ordinary variety that used to retail here for about a dollar, with eyes that opened and shut and hair more or less real—a doll which would sell here now for about $5. This doll had cost in Germany, how- ever. exactly 30 cents in American money. The other doll was a me- chanical toy, somewhat larger, but capable of being wound up and, after winding, of moving its arms and legs and turning its head. Such a toy, it is said, would cost in the neighbor- hood of $50 if it were purchased at 6ne of the large stores in this coun- try, provided it could be purchased In Germany the price paid for the doll was $2.25. This gives an idea, not only of the Jower cost of production of manufac- tured articles in Germany, but also of the tremendous difference in the rate of exchange of American money and that of Germany. Various plans for stabilizing the exchange have been advanced, but so far nothing has been done, and it does not appear likely that it will be possible to bring gbout such stabilization in view of the disturbed after-the-war condi- tions throughout the world. But as Gérmany continues to develop her markets and to sell goods, necessarily she will become more prosperous and the mark will grow in value, wheth- er the Germans desire it or mot. Cutting Into U. S. Markets. How much German goods are to- day cutting into American markets, both in this country and abroad, is problematical. It is frankly admitted at the United States tariff commis- sion that its information along these lines is fragmentary in the extreme, the bureau is not given sufficient funds by Congress to make a scien- tific study of such conditions. ‘But word comes from manufacturers in this country, in various lines, that German goods are cutting. in- roads. For instance,-it is said that ‘bronze powders, used in lettering on candy wrappers and cigar labels, etc., are coming here- from Germany at prices that make it impossible for American producers to compete with the German article. Testimony be- fore the House ways and means com- mittee, when the tariff bill was un- der consideration, showed that the Germans had the better of the argu- ment by about 20 cents a pound, when all the costs of production and trans- portation had been added up. Of course, the competition in Amer- goan markets is not coming from Q@Germany alone. For instance, word comes from New England that large quantities of forelgn-made stockings are reaching the American market at prices lower than the American producers can make similar stock- ings. And report has it that Japan has been successful in getting into this country a great quantity of grass rugs and mats, that cut under American “manufacturers in deadly _ Rgt-all"Gesmany, it is-reported, is “qump” ¢, charge that the dve industry in this )country 1s monopolized by a few | ereat interests, the chances for the But take the case of into jam—ordinary A call for | for additional protection for Ameri- lcnn dye manufacturers will be re- {mewed in the Semate. But with the + continuance of an embargo seem very slim. German Low Prices. | The German workman, it is claimed, is better off today so far as the pur- |cerned, than he was before the war, notwithstanding the depreciation of the mark. Moreover, he is kept on the job. If a going concern turns off any of its employes, it must continue to pay these employes, it is reported here, just as though they were at work—at least until they go to work elsewhere. In this way, the unem- ployment problem is met and solved to a great extent in Germany today. Then, too, rents, which are an im- portant item in the cost of living any- where, are continued the same as be- fore the war—whereas in this country they have doubled and trebbled. A fine apartment in a handsome apart- ment house in Berlin, for instance— such an apartment as would rent pos- sibly for $10,000 in New York city, is renting in Berlin for the same num- ber of marks as it did before the war, about $10 a month in American gold. Again, the crown prince’s suite—it is still called that, though the crown prince has no place in Germany to- day—at one of the handsomest hotels in one of the large German cities, was recently rented at $8.75 a day by an American traveling there. This suite EDITORIAL SECTION - The Sundhy i WASHINGTON, D. €., SUNDAY Stat. MORNING, AUGUST 7, 1921 Congress Has Not Abandoned Hope Of Being Able to Cut U. S. Budget BY N. 0. MESSENGER. ONGRESS experienced a shock when Treasury Department officials, in dis- cussing the forthcoming tax bill, talk- ed of the possible necessity of four billions and six hundred millions in expendi- tures and refused utterly to contemplate such a contingency. Leader Mondell could not visualize such a sum at all, and Chairmn Fordney of the ways and means committee ‘was equally positive tha* no such thing must be contemplated. Senate leaders were dis- turbed and the rank and file in Senate and House were greatly exercised. All the re- publican leaders share the belief that further economies in expenditures are possible to avoid taxes in amount beyond the original estimate and ought to bring that estimate down. The leaders confidently predict it will be reduced. The cold fact is, the republicans of the Senate and House are viewing with increasins concern each week the political situation which. may be created for the party by the tax legis- lation. They feel certain that the party in power will come in for a degree of public criticism whatever bill is brought in and -will be held responsible, while the democrats, hav- ing no responsibllity, have everything to gain and nothing to lose by the public’s state of mind over the legislation. 3 This is a cold and cruel world, as the re- publicans view it, when they consider taxes and politics for 1922. *x X ¥ * But all is not lost, the politicians say, if the framers of the bill in its final form can suc- ceed in avoiding to at least a reasonable degree some of the forms of taxation which are most obnoxious by reason of having more direct in- dividual application. It is argued that it is not S0 much the sum total of the taxes the people mind, but those taxes which they can put their finger on as bearing directly upon them. It is srobably true that the average man, in think- ing of a total tax bill of three and a half or four billion dollars, cannot grasp the idea of five hundred millions more or less, but if the law sticks a specific tax on him in the sum of a few dollars, which he can count readily, his ap- preciation is calculated to be more acute. The democrats have already givem indication of their intention to pillory the majority party upon every occasion presented in the making of the tax bill. It is so easy to declare that the wicked republicans are working for the benefit of the classes as against the masses in the preparation of the bill, and so hard for th2 harassed, though well intentioned, majority of convince the populace to the contrary if some feature of the bill hits the individual and he can see the missile. The republicans are said to be pretty nearly approaching the stage where they feel they bound to get some hard knocks and may be glad to get out alive. * % % % Careful surveys of the political frame of mind of the democratic party in Congress fail to develop that it indicates anything at pres- ent more definite than the hope of the re- publicans getting tangled up in the slack of popular disgruntlement and sthe democratic party benefiting thereby. “Give the repub- licans more rope” seems to express the pre- vailing democratic idea at this time, with the hopeful belief that sooner or later the oppo- sition will trip and stumble. There is something majestic in the way the republicans go lumbering along in the midst of the difficulties which surround them, cog- nizant, but unafraid. It reminds one of a big elephant crashing his way along a path abound- ing in pitfalls, snares and ambushes, but keep- ing a-going, confident it will by main force break through to safety somehow., The republicans appreciate the fluid state of party opinion in the country and that they have no infallible means of impounding it to their advantage through summons to party loyalty, but must do it through actual per- formance in the face of great difficulties which will win the approbation® of the voters who would as soon vote one ticket as another if they “got their dander up.” Republicans realize that they must submit their political fortunes to the operation of economic laws, as against theories and party principles, at a time when economic condi- tions are changing the world over and when these new conditions, over which they have no possible control, may put at naught the most cherished theories. * %k k X Politicians in Congress are wondering what has become of that talk, heard awhile back, of reorganizing the democratic party and building up some new alignments for the next congres- sional and the subsequent presidential cam- paign. It has died out recently, no ambitious leaders presenting themselves to survey and take out the advanced ground. It has been suggested that this claim is part of the demo- cratic policy in Congress to let the republicans have full leeway and headway, in the hope they will create conditions of their own un- doing. As prospective beneficlaries of hoped-for re- publican misfortunes the game seems to be to let the situation ride along for awhile. There is said to be no doubht that there are a num- ber of watchful gentlemen in the offing who are keeping a keen eye upon developments and will be found in the forefront with suggestions for reorganization and leadership when the democratic outlook approaches par. Republican politicians, for their part, say that the democratic thus far have been abashed and discouraged by the popularity of President opinion by advancing democratic ideas too strongly. Many democrats admit that Presi- dent Harding has made 2 splendid running start toward popularizing his administration. * k * ¥ Everything is apparently “set” for the con- vening of the disarmament conference in this capital in November, the anniversary of armis- tice day, the probable date, and talk in dipio- matic and official circles here centers about the approaching event. It is accepted as a foregone conclusion in the majority sentiment: heard expressed that the conference will prove to be one of the impor- tant diplomatic gatherings in the world's his- tory and that it will abound in possibilities of action of surpassing gravity and importance to the world's affairs. That its deliberations may in their effect, though not in terms, go beyond even far east and Pacific problems is considered not at all improbable. In this connection it is held that acquiescence by other nations in this government'’s insistence upon no preliminary conferences leaves the way open for wider scope of subjects to be consid- ered. It is not conceded that Japan has yet established her contention that certain spe- cified subjects shall be eliminated from the purview of the conference. The other parties to the meeting may not find themselves willing to agree to this limitation when they meet. It would not be surprising, it is said, if, instead of curtailing, the conference should broaden its discussion of world affairs, or pave the way for future conslideration. * k k * It has been suggested that the trail of in- ternational finance may be expected to .be dis- closed at this conference, as it was asserted to have been at Paris, and that money will whisper if it does not talk. This all sounds very mysterious to the layman, but the warning has been given to look out for it The point has been made that all of the countries except England will send representa- tives of ministries which have changed since the Parls meeting. Lloyd George appears to be slated to represent Great Britain unless the faction opposed to him precipitates a general election, and the diplomatists seem inclined to look upon him as the master mind in some plan to give his country preponderance of in- fluence 1f possible. " * k k % Experienced displomatists say that in the confergnce there may be expected changes in aligments among the nations as various aspects of the big problems are presented, and that no hard and fast combination forming a bal- ance of power is likely to last throughout the meeting. Japan, it is sald, however, does not feel altogether reassured upon this point and indicates entertainment of apprehension that in the changing alignments she may some- how find herself in the minority on questions can only gird themselves for the fray, walk into it and take whatever comes. They are Harding and his administration and that the present does not seem a good time to rile public in which she considers herself vitally inter- ested and more so than other nations. (Copyright, 1821, by The Washington Star.) Former Italian Premier Contends America Is Neglecting After-the-War Obligations consists of two bedrooms, two baths, a dininng room and a drawing room. Aim of the Valuation Plan. The so-called American valuation plan, for levying tariff duties, has been put forward by members of the tariff commission, and others, as one means of neutralizing to some extent the tremendous difference in exchange. It is declared by its supporters the best plan that could be devised to meet the situation growing out of the low labor costs and depreciated currency abroad. - 7 TUnder the American valuation plan, ‘adopted by the House in the tariff bill, imported goods would be valued according to the wholesale price of similar, competitive goods produced in this country. Where it is impo: ble:to find similar competitive goods, it is planned to take goods that are comparable in cost of production in arriving at the price of the imported article. Under existing law, the foreign wholesale selling price is con- sidered. D. C. MEASURES UP. The Senate Friday passed 2 bill aythorizing the District Commission- ers to close Piney Branch road be- tween 17th and Taylor streets and be- tween 16th and Allison streets, it be- ing no longer necessary to keep those streets open because of the develop- ment of the permanent highway sy: tem. A Dill to amend the charter of the Potomac Insurance Company of the i District was recommitted for the pur- pose of obtaining further information regarding the measure. Sees Need of New Way to Assure World Peace VISCOUNT BRYCE, Former British ambassador to the United States, whe told the Institute of Polities at Willlams College that the treaty of Versailles has received bat in Europe and has resulted fn sowing the seeds of fu~ ture wars. " selves ought to have been built up’ BY FRANCESCO NITTI, Former Premier of Italy. HERE is a tendency in America to take but little interest in European ques- tions. This is due to a feeling of tiredness after four years of agitation which led to participation in the war and, what was worse, participation in peace. With all the respect'due to the great American democracy, while we must admit that the United States was a decisive factor in the war and contributed strongly to the attainment of victory, they have been anything but a decisive factor in peace. At the conference of Paris Presi- dent Wilson's action had a pre- ponderating value, but, without in the least doubting the loyalty of his intenions, it would be an untruth to afirm that his atti- tude contribued to the real peace «of Europe. * kK ok The soclety of nations was a noble ideal, but it was badly con- ceived and has become the wretched expression of violence, the holy alliance of the victors. The conditions imposed on the vanquished are daily revealed to be to a large extent impossible of execution, or are such that their execution would injure the victors themselves, in their com- merce and industry. Certain states ‘which have arisen as the result of the treaties, and which are ' obliged, for military or political reasons, to hold down and oppress populations of other races and other origins, are every day be- coming a greater element of dis- order. After nearly three years since the conclusion of peace, Eu- rope is in the same state of dis- order as at the time the war ended, if she is not absolutely in a worse state. Never has there been such an urMerground fight as there is a present; never such a cornering of raw materials, and never such a development, of the spirit of mistrust. It is easy to understand how impossible it was, after such an immense war, to return conditions to a state of equilibrium; but it is equally easy to see that the major couses of disturbance and ferment lie in the treaties, the greater re- sponibility for which rests on the United States of America. * x * ¥ _President Wilson, on account of his exceptional position, took the part at Versailles more of an arbiter than one of the parties in the struggle. If his word had been 1ald down on the side of reality and life, and if his advice had been really inspired for the resurrection of Europe, they would have had a decisive value. The head of a government, and much more the head of a state, have not to do the work of defining philosophic principles, but rather. to work on the living reality of things. Before creating a soclety of muations, the nations them- The responsibility of America to history is very great. Entering the struggle as a decisive factor, Amer- ica not only established certain prin- ciples in a precise form, principles which were to be the guiding rules of the victors, but she also solemnly pledged herself to give sure guarantees to the vanquished. These pledges are above and be- yond the persons of President Wil- son and of the democratic part: they concern the entire American people. Now, America, having in definite form contributed to victory, cannot stand aside ‘disinterestedly now, even for internal reasons. Guar- antees given to vanquished peo- ples are’ even more sacred than those given to a victor. * America must, therefore, settle not only her legal situation, her relations with the conqueréd and conquering states. but also and above all, her relations de facto. * %k X X It is-very convenient not to ree- ognize the society -of nations, whose statute precedes -all the treaties. “As long as it exists with- out all the peoples taking part in it, and until the rules that reg- ulste its action are less uncertain and more eficacious, it will be and put in a condition to-live, " Detter that it ghould remain what FRANCESCO NITTL great interests that are in con- trast more than great passions. But there are also ferments of hatred and, still more, preoccupa- tions for the future, which render the relations between the various peoples extremely difficult. Nothing can aid more to im- prove this situation than the atti- tude taken by the United States. Unbound by any obligations de- riving from the war, free to choose their road for the future, they may make treaties which would be an example and a guide for all the other countries; for- all. In the enjoyment, as they are of an immense credit,and hav? ing a great market at their di posal, the greatest market for raw aid assist enormously in the restoration of peace, and may graduate or refuse their aid ac- cording to the requirements of a genuine international policy which shall be directed to the lofty aim of establishing the true society of nations. * k % ¥ The discussions on intervention or non-intervention in interna- tional law are purely theoretical. ‘When the struggle is raging around us, not to intervene is equal to intervening in favor of the side which has the greatest possibilities of imposing its pro- gram. If America had not inter- vened, during the war, in the struggle between the central em- pires and the entente, it would in reality have contributed to decide the victory in favor of Germany, Austria-Hungary. and Turkey, which in that moment represented the forces of reaction and violence. Not- to intervene in the present conflicts in Europe signifies in reality to intervene in favor of all the errors which the international situation is determdning. ‘To intervene does not mean direct political action, or, still less, mil- itary action; in the condition in which America finds itself at pres- ent, it merely means to direct its actions to one sole end, the re- construction of Europe, which would bring within the realms of possibility that society of nations which up to the present has been manifested simply as a chimera, if not absolutely a deception. 1t is a problem which American democracy will have to study, in the interests of civilization, but also in its own interests. - (Copyright, 1921.) —_— ARCHBISHOP IS NAMED.. it is, a poor little academy of peace, an instrument of oppression in the interpretation of some clauses of the treaties. But the Atlantic ocean does not divide Europe -agd America—it unites them; there are common fin- terests and necessities of life that stand above ‘every political preju- dice. Europe has a population which is more than double the" population of the American conti- nent, Canada and Argentina; it is not only the greatest production market, bit it has also the great- est consumption. . During the past the commerce of America has been directed all over Europe, and it will continue to be directed in the future. Eng- land and Germany alone represent a consumption market which is of more, importance to America than is South America. * X k% of alternate victories and defea of St. Agustine, just as no life is without color. so no country has been able to escape the painful trial of military dis- asters or of invasions. The -older a people’s history the more sor- rowful pages there are in the book of its story. There: is: nothing definite in the present situation of Europe; it is ley, ed yesterday by Catholic ofticials here. getting the spirit of war, they may enter into friendly relations with material, indeed, they may by their Press dispatches from Rome last |o¢ g¢. Lout had been chosen for the Baltimore |ber post, but the official announcement | §nam BY WILL P. KENNEDY. N the new era of American indus- trial and commercial expansion, profiting by war experiences, the policy of the United States gov- ernment and of *Congress is likely to be radically changed. “Concentration and control” is the new slogan for business legislation. Contrary to the legislative prone- ness of recent years to break up big business into competitive units, the leaders in Congress today see the need for: (1). Encouragement of cumulative capital, under hard-headed business management. toward monopolistic de- velopment of essential industries and new public service agencies. (2). More careful control legisla- tion, which, instead of hobbling or ham-stringing big business with in- terference by incompeent . federal agents, will place the safeguarding of the people’s interests in the hands of experts in those special commodi- ties or utilities, thus allowing private capital en masse to upbuild industry and commerce so that it can carry on comparably with the growing size of the nation. Needs Shown by W The war showed the need for unit operation of the railroads to carry the load for industry and commerce. The war showed that while the fed- eral government worked for years di- vorcing the railroads and water car- riers, it is now essential that they should be operated co-operatively. The war showed that there must be a domestic dye industry developed has recognized the need for its de- velopment as a monoply. The war showed the need for monopolistic de- velopment of radio service through the very nature of wireless communi- cation. The war showed the need for port development with mechanical equipment, and a report of Army and Navy engineers to Congress em- phatically states that ports, and in fact the entire waterfront, should be publicly owned. The war showed also the dangers of government ownership and opera- tion.” House leaders today emphasize that these industries and public utili- ties cannot be developed in a big way by the government, because. they ex- plain, “government operation inevit- ably means political operation, and that means inevitably inefliciency, 4nd that in term means that we T verse the law of all progress— namely, increased efficiency through decreased cost—and substitute i creased cost and decreased eflicienc Control That Doesn’t Hamper. The only alternative is big develop- ment, monopolistic development, by massed private capital given an op- portunity to reap profits earned not 8o much by heavy charges on the people as by carefully achieved economies in operation; but with carefully planned government control that will not hamper development. That is the sort of legislation Congress is look- President Harding’s pronouncement. “Less government in business and more business in government.” Con- gress proposes to pay more attention to devising the best methods of un- hampering control than toward laws or preventin combinations consoli- dations, trusts and monopolie: The railroads of the country—which more than any other agency build up this nation—were developed as mo- ropolles and through extensive subsidy in the form of land grants. Leaders in Congress discussing the railroads as an example say: “Under the law we tave developed the greatest trans- portation system on earth and until the government interferred with its political operation it was both the cheapest and most efficient service.” Industries as Examples. system, developed during the legis] tive life of men still in Congress, whick: they eulogize as one of the most beneficial public utilities ever ‘brought within the use of the entire population, now an indispensable agency of daily life, and which has Puts Damper on Hopes of Debt Cancellation ez Official ’ announcement of the ap- For all people history is a series Pointment of Bishop. Michael J. Cur- Florida, as Archbishop of Bakimore, succeeding the late Cardinal Gibbons, was receiv- President of the First National Bank nd chairman of the findn- ing forward to in conformity wit | They also point to the telephonal “BIG BUSINESS” NOW TO GET FAIRER DEAL Lessons Taught by the World War Have Been Taken to Heart by the Nation’s Lawmakers. always given service at a moderate charge. They point to the national development of the oil industry, some years ago the Standard Oil being damned up hill and down dale, but having proved absolutely essential in modern life, and having given tke Ipeoble service without extortionate charges through economies effected by development in a large way. The automobile industry is another ex- ample they cite, of how massed capi- tal can, by standardization and multi- ple production, so reduce costs as to bring the finished product within the means of a very large percentdge of the people. The steel industry, some years ago harrassed and investigated by Congress, has developed a verita- ble steel age which helped wonderful- ly in winning the world war. Practically every line of industry has to be developed in a big way, these legislative leaders say. The waterpower act is in the spirit of the new era of public utility de- velopment. The present administra- tion is also committed to legislation that will induce private enterprise and cumulative capital to develop commercial radio, with the nation to be chiefly benefitted by such a serv- ice for military preparedness. | Views of House Leader. House Leader Mondell, speaking from twenty-five years' experience in Congress, voices the need for this new policy toward big business, as | follows: “We are a great nation. Our pro- and the tariff bill now in the works | duction and business in quite a num- ber of lines is greater than that of the balance of the civilized world. In a country of such enormous produc- tion and tremendous volume of busi- ness it is not oniy reasonable, but it is mmevitable, that single organiza- tions in a variety of lines of indus- try should control a large amount of capital, employ a great number of people and transact an enormous vol- ume of business. “Mr. Ford's production of 4,000 cars per day would be utterly impossible in any other country and illustrates the gigantic proportions to which per- fectly legitimate, useful and helpful business may grow in a country like ~ ours, with a great population of pros- perous people. “All thesehings should be borne in mind in enacting legislation and ad- ministering laws. Business shouid not be judged by its size, but by its acts and its policics, and there should be no disposition to interfere with legitimate growth and development. 1t_is one of the functions of govern- ment to correct abuses, but it is no part of the legitimate business of gov- ernment to throw obstacles in the way of the growth and development of en- terprise. “In many fields the best results have been secured through large orgafiza- tions. That wili undoubtedly continue to be the case, though the neld showid be kept open dlia wue avenues Lo op- portunity be Iree for ail comers. | What Other Leaders Say. Representatives James R. Mann of Illinois, former republican leader, states the need for a new national pol- icy very concisely: “While it is prob- able that ‘big business’ will require some regulation by government, the useless and inquisatorial supervision of business should cease. Men should be urged to develop and extend busi- ness instead of being threatened and interfered with by government clerks and inspectors. Give the peopie:-:a chance to work.” Representative Simeon D. Fess 0_[ Ohio, chairman of the republican con- gressional committee in charge of the two last campaigns which brought the republicans into dominance, and who all his life has been a student of eco- nomics and government, says: . vLess government in business and { more business in government is a suc- cinct statement of the basis of all ra- tional progress especially in a country like ours. Less government in business means a freer operation of economic law. Modern progress cemands greater concentration of effort both in greater efficiency and less lost motion of enter- prise. Overhead must not overcome the profit of production. Top-heavy organi- zation means industrial disaster. The law of industriat” success demands greater freedom in the concentration of agencies of production which if unhin- dered might defeat competition and thereby lead to dangerous trusts. “Concentration and Comtrol” “While concentration is the law of business success it must not be allowed to extend beyond the control of the ‘government. Therefore less government in business does nmot mean no govern- ment regulation of enterprise. For the sake of the public, concentration of in- dustry should be permitted under proper government regulation. This regulation must never be considered tantamount to either strangulation or government operation. The ideal industrial state will be secured under the slogan proper- ly administered—'Concentration and Control.’ “Uncle Joe™ Carnon, “the sage of Danville,” who during his legislative career has seen all the great agencies of industry and commerce invented and developed, some with the aid of the gov- ernment and some overcoming govern- mental persecution. gives the following homely. advice out of the wisdom of his forty-five years in Congress: +*“We used to hobble & horse that had a weakness for jumping the fence to keep him in the pasture, but some of the hobbles that were invented mnot only prevented the horse:from jumping But been lagislating hobbles for business g