Diario las Américas Newspaper, March 8, 1958, Page 12

Inter - American News for English - Speoking people 5th YEAR THE AMERICAS DAILY © For a better understanding between the Americas MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA., SATURDAY, MARCH 8, 1958 ST TEE @ A SAN ROMAN President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher Antonio guts Managine Rditor cL. W Vice 8 SMITA Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE Vice President Eeitor and Manager Eliseo Riera-Gomez Advt & Cire Mer . SMITR President Publisheo daily except Munday — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miami Springs Fla. op February & 1950. EDITORIAL a ee ee Argentine Reds Reaffirm Conditional President- El BUENOS AIRES, March 7. (UP) ~ Support of ect Frondizi | sition will be to support what is The Communist Party reiterated|right and to fight what is wrong”. | Thirfeen Injured in Attack by Red ‘Bolivian Miners LA PAZ, Mar. 7. (UP).—Com- munist miners of the Llallagua | zone, attacked and injured govern- REALITY. AND THE PHANTOM OF COMMUNISM IN AMERICA It is undeniable that in America there has been, and still there is, a very dangerous communist infiltration, which in many ways tries te confuse the authorities and all the live forces in our countries interested in an effective de- mocracy and, of course, in rejecting red totalitarianism. To deny the existence of an ably directed movement which has the aim to subyert public order in America, in particular in Latin America, with communist purposes, would be self-deception. Originally, the movement tried to spread its roots among workers, both in the country and the cities. Later, there was a change of tactics, to invade in a more syste- |p! matic and serious manner the circles of young students. After taking hold of some key positions in public educa- tion, the well trained agents of the Kremlin, or those at the service of their interests, have realized a constant cate- chizing campaign, with the advantage for communists that they always find naive defenders, who do not realize the Immense danger involved. Against that reality, democratic governments and peoples should endeavor to strengthen with dignity the republican regime, to surround it with moral prestige and, besides, they should do everything possible, within the law, to defend the institutions of the Republic and to weaken, if complete elimination is not possible, the sub- versive campaign of the enemies of freedom. Besides this real threat, this infiltration, there is some- thing else that could be called a phantom, because blindly the danger of communism is invoked to engage in arbitrary acts, in the part of some Governments, which are in search of excuses to persecute their they have contributed to create a regrettable confusion among public opinion, because when they speak of cam- paigns against communism, many persons who are truly opponents. In this manner, anti-comunist doubt the sincerity of such campaigns. If any democratic opponent of the. regime is accused of communism to persecute him; it is twice as harmful for the democratic cause, because, in the first place, the legiti- mate rights of the citizens are trampled upon, and second, because it discredits all genuine efforts against true com- munism. Strengthening democracy cleses many doors to red totalitarianism. a 2 Oe Latin Ameri eee ee can Finance and Trade News Reports RUIZ CORTINES INAUGURATES SEVERAL IMPORTANT PROJECTS MEXICO CITY. (UP). — Presi- dent Adolfo Ruiz Cortines dedicat- ed important maritime projects in| the gulf ports of Coatzacoalecos and Minatitlan as steps in the repu- blie’s “March to the Sea” program. In Coatzacoalcos, a pier destined to be used by Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex) to ship refined petro- Jeum products was dedicated. In Minatitlan a small craft and maritime parts factory was inau- gurated. The President has also inaugu- rated Pemex’s new_ absorption} plant and the new city of Ciudad| Pemex, which was carved out of the jungles of Tabasco by the na- tional petroleum industry, ru Government for its settlement) of Argentina’s debts to Euopean | countries and for its reform of banking legislation. He described these as “two of the principal achievements of the Provisional Government” and said: “The Government has consistent- ly on deavored to bring home to the Argentine people the seriou- ness of the economic problems with which it is faced, and, with- out minimizing the efforts already made, it is clear that the country still has far to go towards remedy- ing the basic weakness in the eco- nomic structure that were analyz- ed two years ago in the Prebisch report.” _ He said: “To satisfy its current import requirements and to meet other commitments Argentina will have to increase its exports of agri- cultural and pastoral produce by | been founded. its conditional support to Presi- dent-elect Arturo Frondizi, in a report about the elections of Fe- bruary 23. The statement, presented by Vic- tional Directory of the Party, says jthat “we must be comprehensive, and with the help of the masses ure, obtain the realization of the program that the Union Civica Intransigente offered to the peo- | ple’. The Communist Party with- drew its own Presidential program in the elections of February 23, supporting Frondizi. The state- ment says that the communist po- Know thy Neighbor By ANTONIO RUIZ GUATEMALA — Before the ar- rival of the Spaniards, Guatemala was peopled by the Mayas, who had achieved the highest point in pre-Columbian American civiliza- tion, About the time the Moors were setting out to conquer Spain | great Mayan cities already had | The “Old Empire” correspond: | ing to the zenith of Maya civiliza- tion, covered the period from the | years 400 to 600, more or less, | and was centered in the eastern | part of present-itay Guatemala, and Honduras For reasons not definite- ly established but believed to have been drought, a too rapid forest growth or soil erosion, the Mayas headed for the Yucatan Penin- sula, beginning the period known | as the “New Empire.” This lasted | until the 12th. century, when an- other migration took place, this time to Petén, in Northern Guate- mala. Although already in decline at} the time the Spaniards arrived, the | Mayas had developed a highly com- | plicated feudal society and made remarkable progress in the arts | and sciences, Among their inven- tions were boats with paddles and sails, used in coastwise trade; a hieroglyphic system; a version of the decima: system, based in 20, however, instead of 10, involv- ing the use of the zero, a concept developed independently by the Hindus and Mayas long before be- ing commonly accepted elsewhere in the world; a high degree of astronemical knowledge, including a calendar more exact than the one used in Europe at the time America was discovered, and a complicated rel:gious system. The Mayas were not the only people who lived in pre-Columb- ian Guatemala. Among the tribes related to them by language and customs were the Quiché, Cakchi- quel, Tzutuhil, Mam, Sacatepequez and Rabinal nations. What is Gua- temala today was settled by Span- It maintains that it is not dif- ficult to foresee internal divisions in other parties and that “as a consequence, some sectors of ra- dicalism (defeated in the elections} |ment officials and workers sup- porting President Hernan Siles Zuazo, in the town of Uncia Potosi Department, Peaceful demonstrations were torio Codvilla, member of the Na-} of February 23) will be joining) held in several towns of the coun- the intransigent radicals, and that|/try in support of President Siles the possibility should not be ex-|Zuazo, but in Uncia there were| cluded that the left wing of so-| Violence outbreaks, including use| cialism woul look toward unitarian| of firearms and infernal machines, position of the Communist Party”, | and communists wounded ten wor- The Communist Party attributes|kers, three of them seriously, and it self part of the influence of| three officials, trying to gain con- the Peronist voters in favor of|trol of the town. Frondizi and finally repeats its} The mining zone of Llallagua call in favor of the creation “of| includes .the towns of Cancaniri, !an ample National Democratic|/terminal of the Catavi Railroad, Union”, to include “from the pro-/and principal center of the tin| letariat to the bourgeois, to assure| mines of Llallagua and Siglo Vein- a firm support to the new Govern-|te. Uncia is the seat of political ment and to impel the realization | authority of the Province of Bus- of the postulates of democratic- burgeois agrarian and anti-impe- rialist revolution”. REPORT ON MISSION BEHIND IRON CURTAIN BUENOS AIRES, March 7. (UP) Raul Ondarts, Undersecretary of | Industry who headed the Argen-| tine trade mission to Eastern Eu- rope countries, declared that they signed contracts for a total of| more than 27 million dollars, with six communist countries. | The most important operations were with Czechoslovakia, where| 24 contracts were signed for a to- tal of $16,838,604, followed by contracts with Russia, for $4,730,- |000; Hungary, $3,392,000; Roma- nia, $1,138,000; Poland, $916,000, and Yugoeslavia, $95,700. Ondarts reported in a press con- ference on the results of his mis- sion, declaring that machinery and| equipment bought will be used for | promotion and expansion of indus- try in general. “We believe —he added— that we made good purchases, at inter- national prices, and even lower in some cases”.| He also said that as a result of the mission, probably trade will be intensified with coun- tries “behind the iron curtain.” He added that “Argentine trade} with those counrties is nothing} new, and I don’t believe it can) amaze anyone. Doesn’t Great Bri-| tain ‘trade with them?” He also said that in Russia, pur- chase of oil equipment was made, but that there is not the slightest | possibility of Russian oil tech- nicians comming to Argentina. tillo. The Mayor of Uncia, sent a tele- gram to the Government Minister, reporting that “during a peaceful demonstration ef support for Pre- sident Siles Zuazo”, organized red workers invaded Uncia, terrifying the population. Three were serious-| ly wounded, the Assistant Prefect, Captain Gustavo Rojas, Hugo Fer- nandez, of the Comptrollers Of- fice, and the Principal of the Se- condary school. There are ten more injured, although not seri- ously. Spanish Lessons for Telephone Workers Offered Courses in conversation Spanish of the Southern Bell Telephone Company have been — scheduled by Lindsey Hopkins Vocational School beginning Monday (March 10). Classes will meet on telephone company premises, at two loca- tions: 551 N. W. 72. St. and 3080 S. W. 38 Ave. Spanish fo begin- ners will be offered at both loca- tions on Monday and Wednesday evenings. Intermediate _ students will meet Tuesdays and Thursdays at the S. W. location only. Aj course for advanced students will be offered at the 72 Street address, also on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Applications for registration in all classes will be accepted Mon- |day through Thursday from ‘Tto| 10 p .m. at both locations. WASHINGTON, March 7. (UP). |— The Organization of American |States Council agreed to postpone the discussion of the lead and zinc problem that concerns the Latin American producers, to enable the interested governments to study |the matter. | The Council agreed on a motion | of Mexican Ambassador Luis Quin-| tanilla for a postponement of fif- OAS Council Postpones Discussion ‘of Lead and Zinc Tariff Problem iards coming from México un-| teen days. der Pedro de Alvarado lieutenant} The Council considered the me- of Cortés, who overcame a large tal problem at the end of the two force of aborigines in 1524. On July days discussion of the disarma- 25 of that year, they founded the| ment proposal by Costa Rica. Cortés, who overcame a large force) ‘phe agenda contains a resolution of aborigines in 1524. On July 251 from the Inter American Econo-| Quintanilla maintained that it) lis within the authority of the| | Council to decide whether instruc- |tions to the United Nations Com- | mission must be given with refer- | ence to the way in which docu- | ments will be considered. He said| that the governments members of the Organization need 15 days at) least to reach a decision. The statement of the Mexican delegate was preceded by other from U. S. Ambassador John Dreir suggesting that the Council inme- | diately vote to authorize the gen-/ eral Secretary, José A. Mora, to) send the study about the lead and| zine to the United Nations Com- mission. But Dreir withdrew his of that year, tney founded the first colonial capital’ later called mic and Social Council to refer} motion when Peri and Bolivia it to the raw material products) supported the Mexican motion for Guatemala, in the middle of a corn-| Ci issi i Nati field at Iximché, near the former) omni sign? OF SES ree anon ine proves, among other things, the | postponement, | Quintanilla told Dreier that he capital of the Cakchiquels. They terrible effect that the proposed | thought the Council must not only FOR COMMON MARKET WASHINGTON, March 7. (UP). The Commerce Department includ- ed in its Foreign Trade Weekly the text of the propositions for a regional Latin American common market, prepared in the meeting held in Santiago, Chile, from Fe- bruary 3-11 last, under the aus- pices of the United Nations Econo- mie Commission for Latin Amer- iea (CEPAL). The text, which covers two pages of the bulletin, reflects the world interest as shown by the interna- tional’ discussions about a Latin American ¢éommon market. The Commerce Department wro- te the following preface to the text of the document written in the meeting of Santiago: “So far, the propositions written by the |CEPAL have tended to enhance the more limited groups, such as those of Central America and the seven South American countries, and to concentrate in such matters, as the multilateral change of li- quidations and the creation of re- gional basic influences. “The most ample point seems to reflect the influence of the es- tablishement of the European com- mon market and of the possible greater weight of larger groups. “Santiago’s propositions seem to create the special basis of a regional market. When opinions of the Governments are received there are expected greater discus- sions this year in México, where recommendations for the CEPAL in 1959 will be finished. HAVANA, March 7. (UP).—The | Catholic Church offered the good |oftices of a “National - Harmony | Commission”. as “instrument . for |fhe peace” in the political crisis of Cuba. Palace, is made up of ex-Presidents Ratl de Cardenas and Gustavo Cuervo Rubio, father Pastor. Gon- zalez, who. was .a. political advisor, ad. Victor Pedroso, president of the Cuban Banking Association. United Press— requested an in- terview with President Fulgencio | Batista, after having published a | statement saying that “it proposes to be a peace instrument between the parties in dispute in this tran- | scendental moment in the history of Cuba”. It is said the commission “wish- es to inmediately put an end to violence, in order to establish a concrete peace. formula capable of satisfying the most urgent current needs”. The commission affirms to have |the whole moral backing of the Venerable Episcopate, and of the “Papal Nuncio in Cuba”. Meanwhile, the Government statement. to “consider with its |best intentions” the proposal of |the opponents that impartial for- |eign overseers supervise the June 1 elections, a proposal which Unit- led Press predicted also, contribut- ed to bolster the political tensions. | The conciliatory expression of we are inspired with the best The commission, organized un-| der the auspices of the Cardinal’s| |. This commission —foretold by} + Member Inter American Press Asseciation é& an For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity NUMBER 207 Cuban Episcopate Sponsors Conciliation Commission to Solve Political Crisis COMMERCE DEPARMENT| ARMY AIR FORCE CONTINUES ATTACK REPORTS LATIN PLANS Q)N REBEL BANDS IN ORIENTE PROV. wishes to reach a peaceful solution }to. the. present difficulties”; war |received in diplomatic circles as |“the first great step toward the | desired goal”. AIR: ATTACK AGAINST REBELS CONTINUES Meanwhile Army Air Force units in Oriente Province continue at- tacking the: posts of the. powerful rebel foree which is trying a re- treat to its mountains bastions af- ter an incursion against territory in hand of the army. | Reports from Bayamo say the jarmy suffered casualties 15 at least, as a consequence of the surpris.. attacks by the rebels to advanced positions of the Army on Thursday in the regions of Estra- da Palma and Veguitas, in that Province. The rebels lost two-men, it was learned. The army transfered its casual- ties by plane to Manzanillo and | Santiago de Cuba, in Oriente, and | te Havana, too. | Reports from Bayamo say. the fight at Estrada Palma lasted for |five hours at least, and that the rebels retired when air reinforce- | ments for the army arrived. It is said the rebels were trapped for four hours at least under intense. bombardment and artillery, when |the retiring group was discovered |in an unhabitant place known as Cerro Pelado. This group, it was added, transported its casualties. Reports from ‘Manzanillo say new military reinforcement are sent to the fighting place, raising conference to be held in Panama/the new Cabinet, affirming “that| the fighting group to 250 military | men. WASHINGTON, March 7. (UP). Dempster McIntosh, Development Loan Fund Administrator, which has $300,000,000, assured the Latin American countries that they will receive the same: consideration as Near and Far East nations, in their requests for loans. In statements made before the Inter American Economic and So- cial Council where he appeared to explain the manner in which the fund will affect the Latin American countries, McIntosh de- clared the fund is aimed to help underdeveloped countries to im- prove their national economies. He pointed out that, in considering loans, the fund will take into con- sideration each project, on its own merits, rather than the merits of the country submitting the re- | quest. However, McIntosh declared that industrialized countries of Europe, among them the Scandinavian na- tions, as well as Japan, Venezuela and possibly two more Latin Amer- ican countries, will not be consi- dered as entitled to loans, since they have. their own financial re- sources. Congress approved $300,000,000, and authorized an additional 625 million. The fund operates on the basis of resolutions, regarding which it does not set determined by other countries of the world. MelIntosh, ex Ambassador in Ve- nezuela, declared also that from |the $300,000,000 available, $114,- 000,000 have been assigned, in- cluding $75 million for India, as |announced early this week. He estimated that for the end of June the $300 million will have been assigned. From the balance, he added, from 20 to 25 pereent will |be for the Latin American. coun- | tries. He expressed hope that Congress “in two or three months” will in- crease the volume of the fund, with the $625 million already ap- proved. Only when Congress “as- signs” the money, it is really avail- able for use. ° He explained that the fund is available for such projects as hos- pitals, roads, sanitary works, dams and electrification. The Latin American representatives expres- |sed hope that the fund could be Latin America Gets Promise of Fair Treatment in Development Fund Loans from the fund is to give underde- veloped countries economic stabil ity. He affirmed that, in his opi- nion, political stability will follow economic stability. Brazilian delegate Egydio de Cé- mara Souza asked if the fund will grant loans for the purchase of equipment to countries such as Argentina, Brazil and México for the development of their off resources, McIntosh said no, explained-that in the majority af° cases, the oil industry can: find by itself the financial resourees it needs, = Tamara Souza observed that oil apparently was “tabu” in connec- tion with U. S. loan agencies, and disagreed with McIntosh, saying that “the: conditions under which we have to ask for loans to develop oil resources are not convenient for us, and therefore we have no resources”. Camara Souza added: that the loan fund “is the best offered yet. It gives us new hopes”. applied to their respective coun- tries. McIntosh said also that consider- ation will be: given to Government projects as well as private, adding that they do not necessarily have} Creation of New: to be of the profit-making type. One of the main complaints of Center Studied - the Latin American countries about the U. S. loan policy is that this country supports financing pro- by OAS. Council maintaining the incentives to pro-| Called it Santiago, July 25 being)... o¢ american tariffs would|be a mean to send documents,| expiration date. jects of private enterprise, and The plant will process some 16,- 000 barrels of light oil products a day. The city boasts 1,000 homes for workers, gardens, athletic fields, stores, a church and a theater. A road connects in with the interior of the country..- Pemex director general said the absorption plant and other ‘nstalla- tions, built at a cost of 650 ‘million pesos (25 million dollars), not only will greatly curtail importa- tion of fuels but also will leave a surplus for export. Bermudez said the technical aspect of the city consists of three parts: 1—A processing unit for the separation of gas from liqui- fiable hydrocarbson, propane, but- ane, gasoline and kerosene; 2—A compression unit to inject gas back into the ground for storage or into the gas pipeline which eventually will distribute it to consumer cen: ters; auxiliary water, steam and ee services as part of a 6,000- ilowatt thermoélectrie plant. ARGENTINE ECONOMIC: POLICIES PRAISED IN LONDON NEWSPAPER LONDON (UP)— Sir George Bolton, in his first annual report as Chairman of the Bank of ‘Lon- don and South America, which was issued today, praised the Arambu- ducers granted after the new re- gime came to power, and by taking adequate agricultual techniques”. agricultual techniques.” On the question of the deficit in Argentina’s overseas payments, Sir George. Bolton said: “This has emphasized the fact that the pace of the country’s economic re- covery depends on the amount of foreign capital investment and cre- dit that can be obtained and this has been repeatedly acknowledg- ed by official spokesmen. “While foreign exchange re- venue from exports is scarcely suf- ficient to Argentine current im- ports requirements imports of cap- ital equipment needed to make good the deficiencies in power and fuel supplies and in transport and other basic services must to a large extent by financed by the supply- ing countries.” He concluded: “the coming year will be of the greatest importance in both the political and economic spheres. The government that comes to power, whatever its composition, will be faced with many difficult taks in its relations with organized labor, in expanding exports and in financing the large investments that still need to be made in rehabilitating the basic sectors of the economy.” that Saint’s day. In 1541 a series of earthquakes destroyed this first capital, and a new city was founded by a few survivors of the old, in the near- by Panchoy Velley, at a point known today as Antigua. From this city (he entire Guatemalan terri- tory was ruled ior over 200 years. Originally Guatemala contained only the areas conquered by Alva- rado, or those he intended to con- quer, It did not at first include the southern part of America, invaded from the south- east by other groups of Spaniards; On May 16, 1554 a new Audien- cia with political and judicial pow- ers was set up for Central Ameri- ca, and became the Captaincy-Gen- eral. of Guatemala, which remain- ed for the entire colonial period, except for a short time and some changes in territory. At the begin- ning it included Tabasco in the northwest and Yucatan in the northeast. as’ well as Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panam, The Capt- aincy-General of Guatemala was part of the Viceroyalty of México, but its Captain-General reported directly to the Spanish Crown. Be- tween 1556 and 1570 the portion from EB] Salvador and- Guatemala northward, was attached to the Au- diencia of México. Spanish Version Page 3 Central | have on the economies of México,| |Perd and Bolivia, The resolution jasks the Council in full to study |the way in which such request is to be made, || HEMISPHERIC EVENTS i ECHANDI WILL FIGHT POVERTY, COMMUNISM AT THE SAME TIME SAN SALVADOR, (UP). — Pre- sident elect of Costa Rica, Ma- rio Echandi, declared to the news- men »he proposes to fight com- munism by ending poverty and the high cost of living. He said that if the Government backs him he will dissolve the army ahd will buy plows and me- dicines, instead. ° With reference to coffee price, he said it more convenient would be a revision of the export quotas of producing countries. The President-elect referred but to be in conditions to expose its ideas on a subject that so badly affects the economies of at least thre Latin American coun- McIntosh declared that $1,400,- 000,000 had alredy been requested, 70 per cent by Far and Near East countries, 20 per cent by Latin tries. too, to the nationalization of Banks, saying that private Banks could co-exist with those nationalized. He also said that his Govern- ‘ment will give the best guarantees to foreign investors, because Cos- ta Rica does not have difficulties nor troubles, TWO WIDOWS CLAIM MEXICAN’S BODY _— “MEXICO CITY. —(UP).— Of ficials of the Red Cross Hospital here had a problem today: two widows. showed up to claim the body of Vicente Estrada Mandiur. Officials said Estrada shot him- self after wrecking his car; The body was claimed by his wife of American nations and 10 per cent Latin American News in Brief. sis Quintana, and by Maria de Je- sus Villela Canalizo, who said she married Estrada en 1957. Hospital representative Jestis Ro- driguez Garza said he would have to look into the situation further, before deciding which of the women will be allowed to have the body. MEXICAN IMPORTS MEXICO CITY, (UP). — State corporations and government of- fices accounted for 22 per cent of all Mexican imports last year, the Government financial agency ‘na- ional financiera” reported today. Of total imports valued at over $1,163 ‘million Government pur- chases’ amounted over $256 the past three years, Maria de Je- million, they affirm that private enterprise is not willing to invest in projects, that render little or no profit. Mcintosh declared the only in- terest of the U.S, in the loans Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex), the Government-owned petroleum corporation, made foreign pur- chases totalling $113,680,000. It. was followed by the National Railways with 22,480,000 and the Federal Electricity Commission with: $9,920,000. BERUVIAN GOVERNMENT RESTORES. CIVIL. RIGHTS - LIMA, Pera, — (UP). — Civil WASHINGTON, D. €. (PAU) Feasibility of creating an inter American center for technical re- search and training of personnel in transportation is being studied by a special seven-nation commit. tee recently installed by the cil of the Organization of Ameri- can States. rd The study for the proposed cen- ter was recommended by the In+ ter American Committee of Presi- dentia’ Representatives in its re- port to the Chiefs of State of the © American republics as part of a program to strengthen the activi ties of the OAS in the develop. ment of the Americas. ed The Presidential Representatives recommended that the OAS Coun- cil explore the possiblity of setti: up a center for technical research and training in urban, rail, high- way, maritime, river and air trans- portation va Chairman of the new OAS Com- mittee is Panamanian Ambassador Ricardo Arias Espinosa. Other com- mittee members represent Colom- bia, Argentina,n Brazil, the U1 rights were restored throughout Pert after a lay suspension, President ed constitutional guarantees on Feb, 2,.when police forees in Are- quipa, Peru’s second largest city, went on strike, demanding higher pay. Police units in Cuzco and Tru- jillo joined the walkout anuel Prado suspend-|” States, Honduras and México. z Americas Daily. ar be