Diario las Américas Newspaper, January 16, 1958, Page 10

Inter - American News for English - Speaking people —_— Sth YEAR —_— eee eee G. 4 SAN ROMAN Presigent FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher Antonio Ruiz Managing Editor c. Vice W. SMITR 8. SMITH President Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE Vice President Editor and Manager Eliseo Riera-Gomez Advt & Cire Mer Published dally except Monaay — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miami sprin; eDITORIAL ga Fla, op February 8. 1950, THE EVER INCREASING IMPORTANCE MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA, THURSDAY, JANUARY 16, 1958 There Are Reasons to Worry About) Band of Rebels Forthcoming Guatemalan Elections New York Times Ediforial States | NEW YORK, Jan. 15 (UP)— {cionario, which is Left Wing and “Eliminated” in | Oriente Province | Cuban Army Says | HAVANA (UP)— Cuban army |forces “eliminated” a band of re- |bels in Oriente Province, killing 23 and confiscating arms and uni- ; Member Inter American Press Association e For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity NUMERO 163 Multi-Million Trade Plan Submitted by red Agency to Brazilian Government | The New York Times publishes to-, Communist-infiltrated, was not al- forms, army headquarters an- jday an editorial about the forth-| lowed to vote. This time the party | OF LATIN AMERICA No matter how often the United States is reminded of the great significance of Latin America in all the orders of world activity and, above all, how much those nations are going to represent in the near future, it will never be enough. Perhaps not all of the officials in the U. S. Goyernment and those who, in one way or another, lead public opinion in the country, have fully und- erstood that high significance of Latin America. Probably that is due to the manner in which the attention of this country is called on the multiple problems that directly affect it, and which have their origin in other regions of the Earth. However, with some analysis, one can reach the conclusion that what really has positive value for the United States, politically as well as materially, is Latin America, where the volume of population has passed | already that of the United States and, according to! estimates, in a few decades will reach numbers of enormous proportions. The International greatness of the U.S. rests, at this time, for the most part, on a basis of Hemisphe- ric solidarity, on this solidarity which contributes towards increasing, for political, economic and social reasons, the immense power of the United States. It is, therefore, very convenient that everything concerning Latin America should be carefully stu- died in the United States, as many high government officials and leaders of public opinion do, in order to strengthen, in the minds of the nation, the con- cept of Latin American importance and the feeling of continental solidarity and co-existence. Kook *& a H } Latin American Finance i aie and Trade News Reports Eximbank Announces New Credits to Argentina WASHINGTON (UP)— The Ex- port Import Bank announced two credits totalling $376,344 to assist two Argentine firms in buying construction machinery in the United States, One credit is for $355,494 to as- sist Biander and Compaiia, S. A., Importadora, Comercial e Indus- trial. of Buenos Aires, to buy 23 pieces of highway construction equipment from Caterpillar Trac- tor Company for a total cost of $592,491. This credit will be guar- anteed by the Banco de la Nacién Argentina. The other credit is for $20,850 to assist Corporacion Cementera ‘Argentina, S. A also of Buenos Aires. to buy a power shovel from Baldwin - Lima Hamilton Corp- oration. This credit will be guar- anteed by El Banco Industrial de la Republica Argentina The Export {mport Bank said that in both cases the Argentine firms will pay 20 per cent cash on their purchases and the United States sellers also will participate in the financing. Each of the credits will be re- payable over five year periods. Latin American Control of World Coffee Group RIO DE JANEIRO (UP)— Joao de Oliveira Santos, Assistant Dir- ector of the Economic Department of the Pan American Union, said in Rio de Janeiro that the proposal of the Organization of American States about an International Cof- fee Organization, which will be raised here during the conference which wil! be held from the 20th to the 27th of this month, would give the Latin American nations an overwhelming 76 per cent maj- ority of the votes. He added that the distribution of the votes, based on coffee produc- tion and contributions to the or- ganization, would give Brazil 42 per cent of the votes, Colombia 15 per cen‘, México 4 per cent and El Salvador, 3 per cent. According to the proposed system of assign- ing five votes to each participating nation plus a vote for every 10,- 000 sacks of coffee which this na- tion exports, 22 per cent of the votes would be reserved for Africa and some 2 per cent for Asia and Oceania, explained Santos. Last Saturday, Brazilian Finance Migister José Maria Alkmin, said that ‘he main onjective of the or- Sanization will oe that of controll- ing coffee prices and exports. San.os stated that he was in ac- cord with Alkmin, but Manuel Me- iia, a coffee expert of his country and designated as Colombian Am- bassador in Rio de Janeiro, told the press that the organization’s only objective would be to coor- dinate the efforts of producers and merchants (coffee) in order to in- order to increase world consump- tion, but, nevertneless, Mejia said that it was possible that other na- |tions will also propose their plans about the organization at this month’s conference, MEXICAN LIQUOR IS SUBJECT TO TAXES preme Court ruled that Texas ;may tax liquor brought in from Mé- | xico for use in some other state. The court heard arguments on the case last week. It did not hand down a written opinion but affirm- ed in a brief order the judgment of the State court which upheld the tax. Today’s order cited the 21st |Amendement to the Cofistitution, | which renealet the prohibition amendment and held that the states may regulate the transporta- tion and importation of liquor. The tax was challenged by I.N. |Gordon of Boston who was arrest- led at Hidalgo, Texas for possession \of 11 bottles of rum on which the | tax had not been paid. Gordon and his wife and daught- er were reiurning from a vacation. | They said they intended to use the |rum themselves at their home, |which was then in Chapel Hill, | North Carolina. | The Texas liquor tax is $1.408 per gallon, whether produced in or imported into the state. Gordon refused to pay it He contended it is an unconstitutional interference | with interstate commerce and a jax on imports, which he said on- ly the Federal Government may | impose. He was fined $100 for posses- stamp. RECORD BUDGET IN PUERTO RICO SAN JUAN, P. R. (UP) — Gov. Luis Mufoz Marin has submitted to the legislature a record budget for 1958-59, with expenditures es- timated at $262,381,228, an in- crease of $16,889,348 over 1957-58, Revenues were estimated at $267 132,546 leaving a surplus of $4,751,318. Spending from general treasury funds were estimated at $220,724,- 196, and from special funds at $42,657,032. The latter includes $25,877,520 federal contributions to various joint federal-state pro- grams, Pubiie education gets the largest slice of the new budget with 25 25 per cent of the total. Public health comes next with 14 per cent, WASHINGTON (UP)— The Su-| | sion of liquor not bearing a tax | coming sons to worry.” {tt says: “There are few polls of recent | | years in Latin America that have aroused as much anxiety around the hemisphere as the Presidential | |elections which are to take place on Sunday in Guatemala. There jare "easons to worry. “Guatemala, it will be recalled, held an election last Oct. 20 to !choose a successor for President {Castillo Armas. The President had |been assassinated on July 26. The |moderate center party candidate, | Ortiz Pasarelli, won the election, but it was accompanied by some fraudulence, and his opponent, a Right Wing military extremist elections in Gyatemala,|has been legalized and its candid: | + /pointing out that “there aré rea-|ate, Mario Méndez Montenegro, al- | though not a Communist, is ap- parently going to get the Red vote along with that of many other workers, white collar employes and intellectuals. |. “General Ydigoras will this time | have lo rely soiely on the extreme Right, whereas last time the Com- | munists supported him. He has also | been supported openly by General- |issimo Trujillo, the Dominican Dic- tator. General Ydigoras is already | shouting “Fraud!” although the }campaign has been scrupulously fair, and on his past record it is taken for grante: that he is going jto cause trouble when, as seems |certain, he fails to win the elec- tion. |mnamed General Ydigoras, inexcus- jably called up the street mobs of | Guatemala City and with the aid of Communists and other radicals was | able to force an annulment of the | results, A Provisional President, | Flores Avendafio, is holding office | pending the outcome of Sunday’s | | elections. Last October the Partido Revolu- Know thy Neighbor By ANTONIO RUIZ MEXICO — In the State of Oaxaca, only a short distance from Oaxaca City, is the famous tree of Tule, which is one of the marvels of the State, as well as a historic landmark. It is located at one side of the churchyard of the little vil- age of Santa Maria del Tule, which | is on the main highway. The giant |feet in diameter, and thirty men | with outstretched arms and hold- ing hands can hardly surround it. This giant cypress is believed to | have been at least fifteen hundred | years old when the Spanish Con- quistadores first set foot on Mexi- | can soil. Cortés and his men rest- ed under its towering, widespread | branches during their disastrous | expedition to Honduras, It is con- sidered to be the oldest living tree |on the American continent. There are persons who affirm it is the oldest tree in the world. Nearby is another huge tree of the same kind, measuring 75 feet in height, which is called the son of the “Ar- bol de Tule.” |ca City along the payed highway | to Tehuantepec, are the ruins of Mitla. The village of Mitla, just off | the main highway, is a little Zapo- tecan community located in a beau- tiful valley. Before the Spaniards arrived, the place was known as Mictlan, and was considered the religious center of that section. The ruins whi¢h occupy the out- er portion of the village are fam- ous for their elaborate and intric- ate designs. The stone walls of the various temples and buildings are | metrical patterns, which resemble carved lace. The huge blocks of | stone with which the structures were built are so perfectly cut and discern where they join. Underground chambers and | cruciform tombs honeycomb the ground under the temples. The “Hall of the Monoliths” has eight enormous columns, each carved from a single piece of stone. It is not known how the _ builders managed such perfection, working with so heavy and large materials. | The mosaic patterns, fifteen in all are unique among the ancient ruins of the country. striking part of all the ruins is the remarkable “Hall of the Mosaics,” in which all the walls form a con- tinuous sculptured design. Near the ruins stands a 16th. century church which is said to have been built upon the ruins of a pyramid. Native women of the vicinity of- fer handwoven shawls, sashes and | embroidered blouses, with patterns similar to those on the walls of the ruins. Market Day in the cities and towns of Oaxaca offers perhaps the most interesting sights for the visitor, Native men and women, dressed in striking Tehuantepec, Yolatecan, Mixtecan and Huautle- can costumes, flock from the back wares. Preserving pre-conquest customs and speaking as many as 18 Indian dialects as well as Span- ish, these vendors offer an as- tonishing assortment of arts and crafts, much of which cannot be obtained at any other time. Spanish Version Page 3 1 tree stands 165 feet high and 180 | Not far from there, about 45} | minutes by automobile from Oaxa- | covered with a profusion of geo-| fitted together that it is difficult to | | Perhaps the most beautiful and cotntry to the city to offer their | “The Center candidate, who has |assumed the mantle of his friend, | | Castillo Armas, is likely to get the most votes. He is Lieut. Col. José Luis Cruz Salazar, who until re- cently was a distinguished and pop- ular Ambassador to Washington. Jf no candidate wins 51 per cent of the total vote, the election will be thrown into Congress, which is dominated by the M.D.N., Castillo Armas’ old party and it would nat- urally chose Lieut. Col. Cruz Sa- lazar. “The United States Ambassador and the State Department are lean- ing over backward not to be ac- cused this time of influencing Gua- temalan events President Flores has promised a fair election and he is certsinly forewarned about General Ydigoras This is a crucial period for Guatemala.” Spanish General Buried in México MEXICO CITY (UP)— In the | Spanish Cementery of this city the body of General José Miaja, Com. mander in Chief of the Republican Army during the Spanish Civil War was buried, after he died of a heart attack yesterday. The General, 80, died in poverty in a modest house in which he| had lived since he came to México in 1939, after the victory of Gen- eral Francisco Franco. At his death, General Miaja was attended by his five children and 17 nephews and nieces, The General died shortly after breakfast, as he was leafing through a book in his library, Guatemalan Army GUATEMALA, Jan. 15 (UP)— The Army General Staff has pre- pared a plan to maintain order |during the Presidential elections next Sunday, as well as a period of time before and after the voting. An Army communiqué issued to the press says the Defense Minist- jer and high ranking military of- ficers visited President Guillermo |form him about the plan, adding that it includes measures to guar |antee honest elections and tranqui- lity in the country. It says that “the military Com- |mand considers that the political | campaign has developed within ab- jSolute freedom and, °as a conse- | quence, there is no reason for any |party to claim fraud to incite the |people to disturb the constitution- HEMISPHERIC EVENTS ‘Cuban Rebels Take ‘Dynamite in Plant HAVANA. (UP)— Reports from |San José de Jas Lajas, Havana | Province, said that six men rezent- ly assaulted a private construction company’s’ expiosive deposit and {robbed some 280 pounds of dyna- mite. It stated that the attackers are members of the 26th of July Movement. whose chief, Dr. Fidel Castro, leads the rebel forces which fight against the government in Eastern Cuba. : They also took 18 electric deto- nators, Employees of the company which owned the dynamite, said that, at gun point, the robbers entered the building and threatened a half Flores Avendafio, in order to in-| |nounced today. The communique said the en- gagement took place in the “Cali- fornia and Los Hombritos zones” of the rebel-ridden province in southeastern Cuba. “Identification of the dead is |taking place,” officials said. MANZANILLO CALM RESIDENTS SAY HAVANA, Jan. 15 (UP)— Resi- |dents of the-east Cuban city of |Manzanillo said early today the situation there is normal, with transportation and communica- tions operating as usual. Newsmen and business men dis- missed U.S. press reports that re- |bels have sealed off the city as “absolutely silly.” They surmised that the reports may have originatel in the fact |that rebel sympathizers burned a bus and stopped a train some |miles outside Manzanillo during the weekend. | Transportation and communica- tion companies serving the East- jern city confirmed that their oper- | ations are “absolutely normal.’ Colombian Owners of New York Bank Elect Board of Directors NEW YORK, Jan. 15 (UP)— The Pennsylvania Exchange Bank of New York, recently purchased by {the Banco Popular, of Colombia, elected a new Board of Directors, in which there are three new mem- bers, one of which is Andrés Uri- be C the New York representa- tive of the National Federation of Coffee Growers, of Colombia. The other two are Edward Carr, of the Cravath Swaine and Moore Law Firm, which represents the ‘Banco Popular of Colombia, and A. Weldon, a businessman. The other Board members are Julian Adou, Leon Peters, Alberto Levee, M, Guinsrel, G. Smith, and Thomas Radee, the Bank President. The new Board will meet Thurs- j day to designate officials. Meanwhile, the Venezuelan group which is negociating the pur- chase of the Colonial Trust Com- pany, headed by Salvador Salva- tierra, is now. in New York and the transaction is expected to be losed on Friday. The other three Venezuelans who are here with Salvatierra are Hugo |Bril'enburg, Moises Benacerraf, ‘and Dr. Hugo Carmona. ee Discloses Plan to ‘Keep Order, Insure Honest Election al order in favor of any candidate.” The Army measures include Placing troops at the entrance of | all cities in order to avoid, special- |from other places come to vote here to support subversive move- ments.” Meanwhile, it is believed that if none of the candidates gets an | absolute majority, Congress will |have to decide the matter. How. | ever, candidates are optimist, and each one of them announces he will obtain the majority. The gen- eral opinion is that the election will be decided between Col. José Luis Cruz Salazar andGen, Miguel | Ydigoras Fuentes. The former has more votes in Congress, and he would be elected President in case that body has the final decision. a dozen workers; then sacked the deposit and fled before the Police arrived, Three of the men were identifi. ed in the police files as Faustino Prez, Carlos Zamora, and Fili- berto Olivera, members of the Ha- vana 26th of July Movement. MEXICAN EXPERT ON INDIAN AFFAIRS TO VISIT WASHINGTON MEXICO. (UP)— Dr. Manuel Gamio, Director of the Inter Ame- Tican Indian Affairs Institute, has accetped an invitation from the Organization of Amerian States, (OAS), to a meeting of the heads of special Inter American Organi- zation which will. be held in Wa- shington this comming May. Dr. Gamio said that, in this meet- RUSSIA READY TO ACCEPT BRAZILIAN PRODUCTS WORTH OVER 300 MILLION RIO DE JANEIRO, Jan. 15 (UP) | said, nevertheless, that Russia had | “Torgbras,” a Russian commercial | a bank in London which would take | agency, -has offered the Brazilian | charse of the operation. But he did government 200 million Pounds| not state the name of the bank. Sterling in a plan which would, Colonel Canto said that, up to cover reciprocal commerce and a|now. he had not carried out any payment system negociation with Brazil, as Brazil The President of “Torgbras,” | did not maintain relations with Colonel Tito Canto, confirmed this | Russia. He said that he was not offer in a U.P. interview, and add. | interested in direct businesses and \ly in the capital, that “inhabitants | ed that the matter was at this time | that he was only wasting time un- under study by the Brazilian goy- | ernment. | Canto also stated that he had made the offer through the “Ban- co dei Brazil” (Brazilian Bank), who, in turn, referred the’ matter to the Foreign Minister. He said that Russia, who has been |developing a campaign here with the aim of renewing commercial and diplomatic relations with Bra- zil, was ready to accept Brazilian products to the value of 100 mil- lion pounds in exchange for an equal quantity of Russian made machinery. He also said that Rus- sia was ready to immediately offer oil well drilling equipment to Brazil and also refining equipment, which Brazil so badly needs for in- creasing national oil production. He stated that the deliveries of | this machinery would depend on |the quantities which will be set in \the final agreement, Canto and his associates, Rus- sian immigrants received fame in Brazil last year when they offered to sell the Brazilian Army Club some “Moskvitch” Russian autos at | very reduced prices. Colonel Carto explained that this last offer was not an official offer from the Soviet government, but a negociation proposed by him as head of the Russian commercial organization here. He said that he had a represent- ative in Moscow who was ready to close up the agreements with the} Moscow government. Canto, who maintains contact | with Russian commercial agents in| Latin America, denied having any | knowledge of the offers which it is | said that Russia made to Brazil | offering her an 800 million dollar credit through British banks,- He With Communists, | NEW YORK, Jan. 15 (UP)— | Concepeao Costa Neves a Sao Pau- | lo Deputy, who is making a tour of the U. S, gave the opinion that “Brazil would gain nothing by re- astablishing diplomatic relations with Russia.” She said that Russia is the one |who is now interested in making ithis siep, and in order to attract |public opinion Russia speaks of “buying our coffee, but in the past we had sold her our coffee beans even though we never received the | money.” | “Even if the transaction | mi | foi was jade on the basis of an exchange r machinery, it would still not |benefit us,” she added. “All our jindustry and workmen have ever used is machinery from Switzer- | land, the U. S. Germany, and |Great Britian. To introduce Rus- sian machinery would be very com- plicated.” Latin American News in Brief ¢ ing, they will discuss the co-ordinat ion of activities of OAS with those of other specialized organizations in order to achieve “better and more satisfactory results.” The well known expert on In- dian Affairs said that he has al- ready given OAS a series of sug- gestions about the meeting, as well as a project for the integral better- ment and investigation of a de- termined Indian group which would be made in the Mayan zone of Central America. The Inter American Indian Af. fairs Institute, which was founded in 1940, was principally founded to aid and better the conditions of the Indians. US. NAVY MAY KEEP BASE IN TRINIDAD WASHINGTON (UP)— The United States Navy is likely to ee No Gain For Brazil in Relations til some definite resolution was reached on the controversal ques- tion of relations between the two countries. He added that he had received many questions about Russian pro- ducts since his dramatic offer to jsell the Russian autos at reduced jfates to the Military. But, up to now he said, ne has only been able to answer some of these ques- tions with infoimation about So- viet production. SOVIET ACTIVITY AND U. S. NEGLECT NEW YORK, Jan. 15 (UP)— “Time” magazine. in the 20th of |this month’s issue, comments on the Communist commercial cam- paign in Latin America and points out that the Soviets have ‘focused | their attention dn two delicate |questions: oil policies, and the commercial and custom tariffs po- | licies of the U. S. “In the U. S. — if comments |— oil development by private ini- jciative has been very successfull, |but Brazil and Argentina have, for some time, adopted the Franco- Italian pattern of State oil com- panies. Frankly trying to export the concept of private iniciative, Washington has, for quite a while, refused loans to public companies, “This policy gave Russia. a.con- venient and evident opening for offering loans fur oil exploitation and for drilling equipment which the State Monopolies can now ob- tain in the U. S. for cash. Soviet government officials and South American communist leaders met in November in Moscow and plan- ned a new attempt for, Russian commercial penetration, beginning with Brazil. Nikita Khrushchey himseif offered oil drilling equip- meni to Brazil” Deputy Declares She said that the Russians on! the other hand, “want to take ad- vantage of re-establishing diplo- matic and commercial relations in order to increase communist pro- paganda in Brazil.” Mrs. Costa Neves, who has been in Washington and New York for a month, will remain for another | month in the.U S She leaves Fri- day for San Francisco, then to Los Angeles and Louisiana, where she wants to study the Leper Colony. She has shown special interest in U. S. union organizations, and has been in close contact with the U. S. Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organiza- tions (CIO). Upon being asked if she were a femininist, she answered: “A feminist yes, but I am in| favor of women, and not against men.” continue to maintain control of the Chaguaramas base in Trinidad as a vital link in the Caribbean, defense despite local desire to put the commonwealth reap there according to United States offi- cials. They pointed cut that a United States British-West Indian tech- nical commission started work in Port of Spain, Trinidad, to see if an alternative naval base at rea- sonable cost could be found in the West Indies, in which case pre- sumably the West Indies © could have Chaguaramas as site of its Commonwealth Government. The officials considered it is un- likely that an alternative base of equal strategic value at a reason- able cost could be found in the compensation for the Chaguaramas ‘base, TEMPERATURE d&g contigrace "Droblematical Fellow Party Members’’ Leaders of political parties, es- pecially those of the opposition, have to tackle countless pro- blems for which they must have relative tranquillity in order to reach the conciusions that are most conyenieni for their cause. It is difficult of course, to achieve such tranquillity if the first one interested in its disap- pearance is the Government, and when it is the case of a totalitar- ian regime, the problem gets worse, because the attempt is not only against the leaders’ men: tal peace, but also against their personal security. Indeed, poli- tical party leaders are aware of the kind of dangers they face in relation to the manner in which their enemies or adversa- ries act and, in a certain way, the stiuation is normal, even if such normaley does not corres- pond to the usual practices in a democracy, One thing is not normal, and that is the attitude of many fel- low party members, who with their intransigence or! dispro- portioned sensibility are always creating difficulties to their own party leaders, unknowingly sabo- taging their own cause. With their exaggerated resent- ments in matters more or less un- important, or discrepancies that lead to extremes for the most insignificant reasons, those peo- ple fall into the -eategory of “problematical fellow party mem: bers” and cepresent, in one way. or the other, a problem for their party leaders, taking away with their conduct some of the men- tal and spiritual peace needed to better and more adequately fulfill the mission imposed by leadership. When an opposition goes through difficult moments, such fellow party members are as harmful to their cause as undis- —ciplined soldiers, cowards or in- experienced fighters would be in combat. It 1s alright to expect the lead- ers to be bumanly complacent with others, especially with those who share with them, even from the ‘most insignificant position, the worries and risks involved in their struggle. But this is not to be carried to the extreme of de- manding the leader to neglect his important duties to solely de- dicate himself to the attention of small problems created by the intransigence and inexperience of fellow party members, who with their attitude weaken the capacity and mental disposition demanded by the circumstances from the political leaders, espe- cially the leaders of the opposi- tion. YADAROLA PLAN GETS SUPPORT BUENOS AIRES (UP)— The newspaper, “Critica”, says in an editorial published on the first page that it would warmly support the proposal of Dr. Mauricio Ya darola, the Argentine Ambassador in, Washington for Argentina to permit the U.S companies to, ex- tract oil from the country, making payment in oil After stating that Argentina needs oil, but lacks money, the newspaper ‘says: “the Argentine Ambassador’s proposal is a clar signal of which road to follow.” It adds that the State Oil Mono- poly, (YPF), should direct and guard such operations and make no consessions, put that Argentina should “soon” find some way of getting out of the vicious circle of oil deficits. © Film on Alcoholism > to be Presented at the Public Library Alcoholism will be the subject of the film-discussion program sponsored by the Mental Health Society and the Miami Public Li- brary in the Library Auditorium, Tuesday, January 21, ta 8:15 p.m. The film, in TIME OF TRO- UBLE, shows that in any marri- age with alcohe] for a problem, both partners need help. Dr. Albert’ Jaslow, psychiatrist, and Eleanor Burke, caseworker for Alcoholic Rehabilitation Clinic, will lead the discussion, Publie invited. mh