Diario las Américas Newspaper, April 16, 1957, Page 12

Inter - American News for English - Speaking people “ath YEAR G. A. SAN ROMAN President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher Antonio Ruiz Managing Editor Cc. W. Vice President S. SMITE Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE SMITH Vice President Editor and Manager Fred M. Shaver Business Manager Eliseo Riera-Gémez Advt. & Cire. Mgr. Published daily except Monday — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miami Sprmgs, Fla.. on February 8. 1956. EDITORIAL ECGNOMIC SECURITY AND POLITICAL AND SOCIAL ESTABILITY A very marked influence in the life of a country, in particular regarding political and social stability, is exercised by its economic conditions. This does not mean, however, that everything should be blindly subordinated to the economic motive, because that would be to accept a superiority, as an absolute matter, which the economic problem does not have. However, it is undeniable that, as we say at the beginning of these comment, that type of problem has significant influence in matters regarding po- litical and social stability of a Nation. It is convenient, therefore, that those in Govern- ment, and those in foreign governments interested in the friendship of their neighbors, as well as the wellbeing of those neighbors, should concern them- selves with finding adequate solutions to the econo- mic problems which determine situations disagree- able for the people. With a reasonable elimination of that type of problems, nations could develop within a better social and political atmosphere, which favors the general progress of the country. é The economic crisis holds back progress in the life of. the countries, keeping them away from cultural advancement, and creates a climate favora- ble to social disturbances and political upheavals. Within international cooperation, leaders in all governments should act in coordination to eliminate, little by little and as soon as possible, those economic crisis; and regarding national action, the persons who directly have the responsibility of Public Admi- nistration, are duty bound to give their technical knowledge and patriotic efforts to that type of problems, with the honest aim of finding convenient solutions, which are of positive benefit to the com- munity, and not to those in government by turn or their friends and followers, Party policies should not play. a role of any kind in these cases, unless it is to achieve a construc- tive purpose of doing something good in favor of the Fatherland and to enhance the popular prestige of the party. But the benefit for the party should only be calculated on the basis of that which benefit the people with the norms the Government would adopt. Total elimination of economic problems is humanly impossible. But they may be reduced in a great scale, by means of a sustained effort in the part of those who, on account of their official posts, or leading position in the activities of a country, should do something in earnest to guide, in a tech- nical and honest way, the study and solution of those problems. Argentine Police BUENOS AIRES (UP)— Police stationed a guard today outside the hospital room of Dr. Amte Pave- itch, a former pro-nazi leader in Yugoslavia, who was in critical con- dition from three bullets fired into his body by an unidentified gun- man, The guard was to protect Pave- litch against a further assassination attempt and also to keep him in custody. He had been sought by police since the fall of Dictator Juan D. Perén, Authorities suspected him and other Croation exiles of form- Guard Pro Nazi ing part of the Peronist Alianza Li- bertadora shock groups charged with many political assassinations and arson. Pavelitch. a brawny, dark-haired man of 67 was shot in the town of Caseroa 12 miles from Buenos Ai- res yesterday, the 16th anniversary of the proclamation of the Croat State under the nazis. . He was still conscious when tak- en to the hospital but was placed on the critical list. Doctors decided agaist immediate operation to remove two bullets in his shoulder For a better understandin MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA., TUESDAY, APRIL 16, 1957 Know thy Neighbor By ANTONIO RUIZ BRAZIL — Health conditions in Brazil vary widely, influenced as they are by racial, cultural, climatological, and sanitation fact- ors in different parts of the coun- try. Although practically all the the climate varies considerably; the tablelands enjoy a more bracing and, under equal circumstances, a more heaithful climate. Health conditions in the larger cities are far better than in the interior. The general death rate for such centers of population as Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and San- tos is not much higher than for cities similarly located in the Unit- ed States. The first big step for- ward was taken at the turn of the century, with the improvement of sanitary conditions in these and other coastal cities, and the be- ginning of a campaign for the era- dication of yellow fever, which im- mortalized the name of Dr. Os- waldo Cruz. The Oswaldo Cruz In- stitute, near Rio, is now and im- portant center of research and tea- ching in the field of sanitation. Public health work in Brazil is carried on by the municipal and state governments and by the na- tional government through the Na- tion Department of Public Health in the Ministry of Education and Health. The National Government cooperates on an increasing scale with state and local agencies, and since 1942, with the Institute of Inter American Affairs in Wash- ington, which has furnished several million do}lars for specific health projects, The Institute’s projects in the Amazon and Rio Doce valleys are quite extensive. They include hos- pitals, hea'th center, public water supply and sewage systems, drain- age of mosquito-breeding areas, dikes to control floods, nutritional. education, and floating dispensar- ies on the Amazon and Doce Riv- ers. The Rockefeller Foundation has also been a pioneer in various phases of health work in Brazil. Tt gave assistance in the establish- ment of a medical school and hy- giene institute at Sao Paulo. The first trained nurses were prepared with the help of the Foundation. The Brazilian authorities have been taking active steps to improve the water supply and sewage dis- posal systems in Brazil, a number of cities having installed new plamts in the last few years. In some localities an other wise good water supply is rendered inade- quate because the distribution sy- stem is outdated or not sufficiently extended. There are several international- ly famous scientific institutions and schools in Brazil, including the Os- waldo Cruz Institute for biologic- al research and its branches; the Butantan Institute at Sao Paulo and the Vital Brazil Institute at Niteroi, both noted for their snake venom work. and scientific re- search. The Medical Center at Sao Paulo, with its group of beautiful hospitals, a fine medical school, and a well developed nursing school, has become a world famous center of medical research and teaching. The Center has a great Bacteriological Institute and a fine Graduate Institute of Public Health, which is the leading and oldest Latin American graduate school of its kind, and a third near the spine. (Spanish Version Page 3) SPANISH FOR BEGINNERS Po teach I teach You teach He, she teaches We teach , You teach They teach The teacher teaches I teach you Spanish What does the teacher do? The teacher teaches What do I do? You teach me Spanish Who teaches? Qué hace el maestro? éQué hago yo? I like to teach Do you like to teach? éLe gusta ensefiar, sefior B? 2Qué hacemos el profesor A. y yo? zEnsefiamos nosotros? ‘Whom do I teach? Me, the students, ete. Ensefiar Yo ensefio Usted ensefia El, le ensefia Nosotros ensefiamos Ustedes ensefian Ellos ensefian XII LESSON PRONUNCIATION Ehn-sehn-yahr Yo ehn-sehn’ yoh Ooos-teh ehn-sehn’ yah Ehl ehn-sehn’ yah No-soh-trohs ehn-sehn’ yah-mohs Qoos-teh-dehs ehn-sehn’ yahn Ehl’ yohs ehsehn’ yan El maestro ensefia Yo le ensefio espafiol Le — to you or you Qué hace el maestro? El maestro ensefia Qué hago yo? Usted ensefia espafiol ZQuién ensefia? El maestro énsefia Usted me ensefia espafiol Me gusta ensefiar Me goos-tah ehn-sehn-yahr iLe gusta ensefiar? Si, me gusta mucho; no, no me gusta, Ustedes ensefian Si, ustedes ensefian iA quién ensefio yo? A mi, a los alumnos, ete country is located in the tropics | Pan Americanism as a working concept dates back to the time of Simén Bolivar, the Great Liberator who was the first to call a conven- tion of the American nations. Bo- livar’s attempt, at the Congress of Panama in 1826, to establish a con- federation to protect the hemi- sphere against outside attack did not bear immediate fruit, but the ideal of regional cooperation did not die. As the threat of external attack declined interest in commercial and economic development within the Western Hemisphere increased. It was in response to this interest that Secretary of State James G. Blaine caJled the first Interna- tional Conference of American States to be held in Washington in 1890. It was the Commercial Bu- reau established at this meeting which eventually was developed in- to the Pan American Union. The 1890 conference was only the first in what was to prove a long and sucessful series of hemispheric meetings. From the original em- phasis on closer commercial rela- tions the American states gradually moved on to deal with other broad- er problems, These included the establishment of machinery to set- tle inter American ‘disputes and to protect the Western Hemisphere, Eventually ‘questions of interna- tional law, finance, agriculture, transportation, communications, health, sanitation, education, and cultural affairs were added. At the Ninth Conference of the American States, held at Bogota in 1948, a new high-point in Pan American cooperation was reached with the adoption of the Charter of the Organization of American States. Simén Bolivar’s noble dream of over a century before was finally well on the way to becom- ing a reality. Today the 347 million people of The Pan American Story | Conslifutional By Rep. DANTE FASCELL Fourth District, Florida the 21 American republics are bound together in a wide variety of cooperative endeavors, In addi- tion to formal ties between the various countries there. has been a tremendous growth in inter Ame- rican trade, student exchange, tourist travel, and general cultur- al interchange. This progress is taking concrete form in such pro- jects as the nearly completed Pan American Highway and in the In- terama Center planned for con- struction in Miami, On this 67th observance of the Pan American movement it is ap- propriate that we not only mark the progress that has been made, but that we look forward to the many tasks yet remaining. The military security of the Western Hemisphere rests on a firm basis, but there is a great need for more private investment and continued government technical assistance to help in the rapid economic growth of Latin America. This development is of tremendous im- portance to the United States as a whole, and to Florida in particu lar. : There is, however, always a danger that close neighbors may fall into the habit of taking each other's friendship “for granted.” On this occasion it may be well for us in the United States to make a special effort to guard against an attitude of indifference te our good neighbors to the South. The United States and Lat- in. America are close not on- ly geographically, but historically and sentimentally as well. This is to the advantage of both, and to continue this close working rela- tionship in the future requires the interest, friendship, and coopera- tion of men of good will in both North and South America. It is to this task that we should look while observing Pan American Week. Guerrilla Fighters BOGOTA, April 15 (UP)—Gue- rilla fighters in the Department of Tolima deposed their arms after accepting a promise of guarantees of their lives made by the new Governor of that Department, Col. Alfonso Guzman Acevedo. Revelation was made by Héctor Echeverry Cardenas, editor of the liberal newspaper “Tribuna” of Ibagué, Tolima’s capital, who tra- veled to the zone where the gue- rillas were operating. Echeverry reported his inter- views with leaders of some of the armed groups in an article pub- lished in his newspaper, which was reprinted in “Diario Oficial” the Government newspaper. According to the report, nine guerrilla leaders accepted a peace promise made to them by Gover- nor Guzman Acevedo through the liberal leader Rafael Parga Cortés who also negotiated with high mi- litary leaders in Bogota. Echeverry stayed two days in the guerrilla zone, to which he went in a small plane supplied by an Army officer. The first of the guerrilla leaders with whom he spoke was Leopoldo Garcia known as “Captain Danger,” of whom he says is a man with a reputation of being shy, but who is a first class sharpshooter. ‘ “Captain Danger” told Echever- ry: “We are fighting since 1950 because they forced us,” adding “I in Colombia Under Govt. Guarantees Lay Down Arms able to work in peace”, Several of the guerrilla chiefs told Echeverry that they had tak- en up arms to defend themselves against depredations of which they were victims, and another one, Sil- vestre Bermudez Triana said that guerrillas could be explained “for reason of lack of understand- ing and the mistakes of some of- ficial elements and their sup- porters.” Echeverry says that Aristébulo Gémez, another guerrilla leader, told him that in combats with po- lice they had several casualties, but “in combats with the com- munists many men were lost.” Some of these combats lasted three and four days. Echeverry says in another part of the article: “The communists are under the leadership of a man named Lister, of European origin or nationality, and others. They tried to win over the liberal guerrilla fighters with crooked methods and appaling au- dacity.” But “General Danger” (another | guerrilla leader )saw through the conspiracy, and with his men threw, them out of Tolima terri- tory, after fierce combats. . now they are operating in Huila,” a department bordering Tolima.The guerrilla chiefs, Echeverry says, were ready to send messengers to hope that from now on we will be Latin GERMAN-MEXICAN TO BUILD STEEL PLANT MEXICO CITY (UP)— Plans are underway for the investment of $68,000,000 of German and Mexi- can capital in the construction of an iron and steel plant and subsi- diary installations in the Western México State of Michoacén, a spokesman for German banker Ha- almar Schacht said. Vittorio Chiti, private secretary of the German banker, said French and British capitalists are also in- terested in the project. Plans call for the construction of a giant hydro-electric plant, a smelting plant and a feeder rail- way line in Las Truchas, Michoacan site of rich coal and iron deposits. The plant would be powered by the hydro-electric. installation and goods would be transported to distribution centers through the feeder railway line. Chiti said Dr. Schacht, who was recently in México, will probably return within 2 months with con- crete plans for the project. Chiti added that a similar pro- other guerrillas so those too, may cease fighting. HEMISPHERIC EVENTS merican News in Brief ject, with an initial investment of $8,000,000 is now underway in Brazil. CULTURAL FAIR MEXICO CITY (UP)— — A dis. play of the country’s cultural pro- gress will be one of the main fea- tures at the forthcoming industrial fair at Ciudad Juarez, organizers said, The fair, planned mainly to show the technical and economic advances made during the past 50 years, will also contain an art and history museum with sections de- voted to regional history and con- temporaneous art. “National and foreign visitors will not only have a chance to ob- serve our industrial progress but also our cultural riches,” organiz- ers said, MEXICAN ARRESTED MEXICO CITY (UP)— Federal Security Police arrested the owner of a clandestine dynamite ware- house which blew up two weeks ago with a toll of 16 dead and ad te Guarantees in Cuba Restored by Gen. Batista HAVANA, April 15 (UP)—Pre- sident Fulgencio Batista announc- ed that constitutional guarantees, suspended during the last 135 days, will be re-established , at midnight today. The President told newspaper- men that there is no intention of continuing the suspension and re- minded that the guarantees were suspended “only by the perturbers and terrorists financed from a- broad.” The guarantees were suspended, for the first time, on December 1st.. 1956 in the provinces of Oriente, Camaguey, Las Villas and Pinar del Rio. Later two exten- sions of 45 days each were decreed, including in these occasions the provinces of Havana and Matanzas. Press censorship was included in the two first suspensions -but was derogated on the third, which expires at midnight. today. In accordance with Batista’s de- clarations, the guarantees will be automatically reestablished ~ to- morrow Tuesday. Mexican Movie Star Killed in Airplane Crash MERICA, México, April 15 (UP) —Famous Mexican singer and mo- vie actor, Pedro Infante, lost his life today when the four engine plane in which he was a co-pilot, crashed against a house in a su- burb of this city, capital of Yuca- tan State. Pilot Manuel Vidal, Mechanic Marcial Bautista, as well as a wom- an who was washing clothes inside the house were also killed. Infante, who was 40 years old, was a licensed civil pilot and a shareholder of Transportes Aéreos Mexicanos, S. A. (TAMSA), own- ers of the crashed plane. The machine, carrying eargo for the Mexican capital, crashed soon after raising in flight. Shortly after the accident ocur- red Red Cross ambulances arrived at the scene, but could do nothing else than to pick up the bodies. The singer, who was at the pin- nacle of his fame as interpreter of Mexican popular songs, had mar- riage difficulties last week, A Me- xican Court annulled his divorce from his wife Maria Luisa Leén de Infante and his subsequent mar- riage to Irma Dorantes, Praise Puerto Rico MEXICO. (UP)— The newspaper “El Universal” praised what it call- ed the “noble and desinterested action” of the University of Puer- to Rico im offering 25 scholarships to Hungarian refugees whishing to continue their studies in the free world. The paper said it was expected that this “gesture of internation. al solidarity will be followed by other (Univesities) of Latin Am- erica”. Reports from Puerto Rico said ‘Hungarian refugees eligible to take advantage of the offer may S DAILY ig between the Americas WASHINGTON, April 15 (UP) —Thomas S. Gordon, chairman of the Foreign Relations committee of the U. S. House of Representa- tives, praised today the system, tra- ditional in America, of solving in- ternational disputes through peace- ful negotiation. Gordon made a speech in the House, in which he sent greetings to the nations of the Hemisphere on the occasion of “Pan American Day” and said he wanted to give those nations assurances that they may continue counting on the good will of the United States. He admitted that not all the pro- blems of the Latin American coun- tries have been solved, but added that those countries are now in better economic conditions. “We all recognize — he said — that in certain American nations the standard of living is too low and that a total effort is needed to improve it.” “However, the American Repub- lies, considered as a unit, are to- day in favorable economic condi- tions and statistics show that the standard of living of the Latin American countries is improving.” The Congressman continued: “We should not shut our eyes to the fact that the nations of this Hemisphere have differences a- mong themselves. Regarding cer- tain matters, the United States have viewpoints different to those of the nations to the south. “The fact is, however, that in this hemisphere we possess an or- ganization well established to solve common problems and find solu- tions to those differences.” “We possess also the tradition of taking our international dispu- tes to the Organization of Ameri- can States, with the confidence that no disagreement is so serious that cannot be solve in peaceful negotiation.” The House of Representatives unanimously approved a resolution submitted by Democratic Repre- sentative Robert C. Byrd, comme- morating the anniversary. It says: WHEREAS the 14th of April 19- 57 was the 67th anniversary of the foundation of the PAN AMERI- CAN UNION, now the Secretariat of the Organization of American States; WHEREAS the Legislative As- semblies. of the 21 American Re- publics have commemorated tra- ditionally the “Pan American Day” on April 14th. WHEREAS the House of Repre- sentatives has encouraged Inter His Statement on PANAMA CITY (UP)— Presi- dent Ernesto de La Guardia said he was misquoted by an English newsman who hinted he is plan- ning a Nasset-style grab for the Panama Canal. The London Daily Express pub- lished a story by Rene MacColl quoting de La Guardia as saying Panama, intends “to resume com- plete sobereignty over the Panama Canal and over ‘ ‘ ‘ the Canal Zone. The Soviet News agency Tass be able to start their studies next August. more than 150-wounded, Antonio Joya Chavez, who had been at large since the March 27 explosion in a poor district some five miles from the center of the city, was finally arrested in the neighboring town of San Juan Teo- tihuacan. He had been variously reported at Veracruz, Cuba and Spain. Judicial sources sald Joya Chavez faces no Icss than 25 years in jail if found guilty of the charges of “fllegal possession and storage of explosives in an inhabited area.” RATIFICATION SIGNED ' BY HONDURAS-SALVADOR SAN SALVADOR (UP)— The foreign ministers of El Salvador and Honduras have exchanged the ratifications of the free trade and economic integration treaty con- cluded last February: by the chiefs of state of the two countries.’ Honduras Foreign Minister Jor- ge Fidel Durén came especially for the ceremony. Foreign Minister Al- fredo Ortiz Maneia signed the rati- fication instrument for El Salvador. picked up the interview from the Express and, circulated a version The treaty became effective im- mediately, opening the frontiers of both countries to free trade. It was expected to be the forerunner of the economic union of all five Cen- tral American Republics and of their eventual political federation, PROMINENT BRAZILIAN. BANKER DIES RIO DE JANEIRO (UP)— Ar- thur de Souza Costa, prominent Brazilian banker and public man, died here at the age of 64. He was Finance Minister from 1934 to 1945 under the first ad- ministration of the late President Getulio Vargas. “ Souza Costa also headed several economic missions to the United States and Britain and was a mem- ber of the Brazilian delegation to the Breton Woods International Monetary Conference which result- ed in the establishment of the World Bank and International Mo- netary Fund. ” Member Inter American Press Association & For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity Ene ees a Ra NUMBER 231 U.S. Congressmen Send Greetings to Countries of Western Hemisphere American collaboration and friend ship, since the foundation of the Pan American Union, in recogni- tion of the common interests and aspirations of the peoples of this Hemisphere; IT IS RESOLVED: that the House of Representatives sends greetings of very cordial friend« ship and high consideration to the Representative Assemblies of each one of the other American States on the ocassion of “Pan Ameri- can Day,” in recognition of the purpose, common to all, of attain- ing the goal of solidarity, through the voluntary collaboration in an atmosphere of liberty and mutual good will.” When he introduced the resolu- tion, Byrd said the celebration of “Pan American Day” makes every- one realize the nations of this hemisphere have common inter- ests. “The relations we maintain with our sister republics — he said — are, in essence, family relations, with special bonds and a certain type or reciprocal dependence.” He added that the destinies of each and every one of the Ameri- can Republics are getting closer every day and affirmed that there is no “forced conformity” among them “but mutual respect for dif- ferent viewpoints ..” “The world, as a whole, — he continued — must confront the same realities we are comfronting and the world would benefit by our experience.” BEST U. S, FRIENDS IN THIS HEMISPHERE Democratic Representative Ro- bert Sikes, of Florida, said the best friends of the United States are to be found in the Western Hemi-+ sphere. - He added that the Organization of American States and the con- ception of hemispheric solidarity “is the best promise for the fut- ure” the world has. Representative John McCormack democratic leader, said: i “The annual celebration of “Pan American Day” has served, during the whole history of the good neighbor policy to strengthen the nonds of Inter American solidar- ity..” He added that unity of hearts and minds in the common cause during World War II built a bond among the nations of the hemi- sphere, and concluded: “We must maintain that union in the light of our own conven ience,” Canal Zone Was Misquoted, de la Guardia Says emphasizing the “complete sover- eignty.” The President, reached by tele- phone at Agua Dulce, said Mac- Coll “misinterpreted” his state- ment, which actually was that “Pa- nama will defend its sovereignty over the canal.” This appeared to be a reference to the legalistic technicality in the treaty creating the Canal Zone which makes Panamé its “titular sovereign” while giving the Unit- ed States the right to “exercise sovereignty” in the area. UNITED STATES RIGHTS UNDER 1903 TREATY WASHINGTON (UP)— A U. S, official said that the 1908 Treaty gives this country authority to “ex: ercise sovereignty” in the Panamé Canal Zone. ~ The London Express carried an interview quoting Panamanian pre- sident Ernesto de La Guardia as saying “the Republic of Panam& means to resume complete sover- eignty over the Panama Canal and over the land known as the Canal Zone.” The President was quoted as saying pressure to do this had built up since Egypt seized the Suez Canal, The State Department refused to comment on the interview. But the official said that as long as the 1903 Treaty is in force, the Unit States will not enter into peri ie arguments over the sovereigte t y. ¢ The official conceded that the United States does not own title to the Canal Zone and that, there- fore Panam holds what he called “titular sovereignty.” Secretary of State John oF ster Dulles last August said a difference between the Suez and Panam& Canal situations was that under an 1888 Treaty Suez was an interna- tional waterway . % The Panam4 Canal on the other hand is not. It is in a zone where He was also a_member of the Brazil ‘delegation to the United Nations, "1 the United States by treaty “has all the rights which it would pom sess if it were the sovereign, ¢*