Diario las Américas Newspaper, April 13, 1957, Page 10

Inter - American News for English - Speaking people 4th YEAR The J G. A, SAN ROMAN President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher Antonio Ruiz Managing Editor Fred M. Business Cc. W. SMITH Vice President 8. SMIDEL Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE Vice President. Editor and Manager Eliseo Riera-Gémez Advt. & Circ. Mgr. |. Shaver Manager |e PRR RS A ESAS A EASA Published daily except Monday — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miami Springs. EDITORIAL THE UNITED Fla.. on February 8. 1956. STATES AND PAN AMERICAN WEEK It is encouraging to see how the feeling of Pan Americanism has been taki ng root lately in the mind of the people of the United States, The celebrations of Pan American Week, which will end on April 14, are unmistakable proof of this fact. Now, it is not only in Washington but in all the most important cities of the United States, even in some of the smaller ones, where significant demons- trations of respect and interest for Panamericanism are taking place. Of great importance is the fact that these demonstrations are characterized by conferences and lectures in centers of civic and cultural orientation, especially in the schools. That importance rests in the fact that it is necessary that the greatest possible number of people know Pan Americanism in its doctrine and institutional system. And this is being achieved with these acts which, during this week, have taken place in the United States. Naturally, in the Latin American countries there have been similar celebrations. However, it is more significant that it happens in the United States, because, without doubt, in Latin America, for some reason, there has always been greater public activity regarding the Pan Americanist movement. The benefits of Pan noted very soon in the U: top to bottom, backing in t American Week will be nited States when, from his great country for the Inter American System is felt. From the masses, the vitalizing current of t! he U. S, Inter American policy will reach the Capitol and the White House, through the medium established by democracy. The leaders of the Legislative and Executive Powers would be, then, in better situation to direct the activities of the Washington Government in all things related to continental solidarity, to that solidarity which implies political and economic res- ponsibilities. In the economic field it should mani- fest itself in terms of reciprocal active cooperation. It is fair to recognize, in commenting the attain- ments of the Pan American Week, the brilliant work ef divulgation made by the Pan American Union, under the expert guidance of Dr. José A. Mora and his outstanding collaborators in that important Secretariat of the Organiz: (OAS). ation of American States MESSAGE OF UNITED STATES SENATOR KUCHEL FOR “THE AMERICAS DAILY” The colcrful heritage of Califor- nia, which like that of so many Republics of the Western Hemi- sphere is traced back to doughty explorers and persevering mission- aries, provides a fitting background for the special visit of the Council of the Organization of American States. From the first entry into Califor- nia waters by the expedition of Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo, close as- sociations have existed between our State and the peace-loving na- tions to the South. The culture which has been developed in our Hemisphere affords a rich bond of friendship and understanding. The distinguished Ambassadors fro mthe peace-loving Republics of the two Americas are enthusiastic- ally welcomed by the people of California, whose economy im nu- merous and varied ways is nourish- ed by mutually beneficial trade and tourist relations with the other twenty Nations whose representa- tives assemble in San Francisco for a meeting of great promise and bright hopes. The Organization of American States has advanced the cause of mutual cooperation, international good-will, fuller understanding be- tween peoples of divergent origins, and progress toward a more satisfy- ing life for all who populate the Western Hemisphere. I sincerely hope that in the cosmopolitan city of San Francisco and the warm- hearted State of California the re- presentatives of these Republics will find new inspiration and en- couragement for their efforts to solidify the Nations of our Hemi- sphere. For a better understanding between the Americas MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA., SATURDAY, APRIL 13, 1957 KNOW THY NEIGHBOR By ANTONIO RUIZ CHILE — Chilean education was | born in the camps of the Spaniards, in the midst of the Conquest. Re- ligious orders were the creators of the first schools, beginning with the Franciscans in 1553; Domini- cans in 1591, and Jesuits in 1593. During the long colénial period, universities and colleges were es- tablished. On May 11, 1747, the University of San Felipe was in- augurated in Santiago. The Nation- al Institute was founded, under the Republic, in 1813, and was the first institution of higher educa- tion after the declaration of in- dependence. In 1842, the Univer- sity of Chile was created. Its facul- ties and schools, especially Medi- cine, Engineering, and Law, attract a large number of youths from all over the Americas and even from Europe. . In 1843 the Santiago Normal School began training primary school teachers; in 1889 the Insti- tute of Pedagogy for high school teachers was inaugurated ,and Iat- er the Superior Normal School and the Institute of Technical Peda- gogy. “Educatim is the main concern of the State,” says the Constitu- tion of 1833; the Organic Law of 1860 set up a mixed system be- tween the State and the munici- palities to finance primary educa- tion, and to put teaching on a car- eer basis. Finally, a law enacted in 1920 and amended in 1929 stipulated that primary education should be gratis and compulsory for all children from 7 to 15 years of age. In general, education of- fered by the State is free in primary, secondary and the higher schools. Education in Chile has reached a high point of development in every branch, embracing cultural and artistic fields, as well as the’ social sciences. A great school building program has been in ef- fect for some time throughout the country. More than 650,000 chil- dren attend State, private and mu- nicipal schools. A strong effort to stamp out illiteracy has been very successful in Chile, and the per- centage of it in the country*is-one of the lowest of Latin America. Besides the University of Chile, there is a Catholic University in Santiago, and in Concepcién there is one bearing the name of that city. After the death of the former President and Educator, Pedro Aguirre Cerda, a popular Univer- sity was founded in Santiago in his honor, bearing his name. Technic- al schools for mechanics, artisans, agricultural workers, etc. are to be found in many parts of Chile. To train the officers of the Arm- ed Forces, there are the Military Academy, the Naval Academy and the Aviation Academy. Numerous complementary schools complete the education of the Armed For- ces. The Carabineer Corps or Na- tional Police has an Officers School and there is a School of Detectives for the Investigation Service, Spanish Version Page 3 SPANISH FOR BEGINNERS ANYBODY? SOMEBODY NOBODY, NOT ANYBODY There are many persons im the str: Is there anybody in the class? Yes, there is somebody; no there is not anybody iHay muchas personas en la ealle? Hay alguien en la clase? Yo estoy delante de la puerta Juan esta delante de la ventana Maria esta detris de la mesa Delante de la pared no hay nadie 2Quién esta delante de la puerta? éQuién esta delante de la ventan éQuién esta detras de la mesa? éQuién esta delante de la pared? iHay alguien delante de la puerta? éHay alguien delante de la pared? 4Cuantos automéviles hay en la cl XI LESSON ALGUIEN?’ ALGUIEN NADIE eet PRONUNCIACION AHL-GEE-EHN ‘NAH-D’YEH + En la calle hay muchas personas iHay alguien en la clase? Si, hay alguien; no, no hay nadie Si, en la calle hay muchas personas Si, hay alguien; no, no hay nadie, Usted Juan Maria Nadie a? ‘lase? No hay ninguno Si, delante de la puerta hay alguien No, delante de la pared no hay nadie iCuantos profesores hay aqui? Hay uno iHay alguna tinta en el tintero? Si, hay alguna; no, no hay ninguna sf INK TINTA TEEN-TAH INKSTAND TINTERO TEEN-TEH-ROK Economic Prosperity in Cuba Firm, US Commerce Dept. Magazine Declares | WASHINGTON, April 12 (UP) | —The United States Commerce De- | partment reported today that Cu- lan economic prosperity is firm. “The Cuban economic outlook continued bright in February with the improved sugar situation, gen- erally high levels of wholesale and retail sales and very little change jin the industrial and construction peak activity which has prevailed in the past year,” the Department said. Its report was published as part of its regular information service about conditions in other nations for the benefit of United States business men. It was published in the departamental magazine call- ed Foreign Commerce Weekly. The report deals with many pha- ses of the Cuban economy, but some of the points were: “Havana commercial bank clear- ings reached a record high for the month and were about 21 per cent above those for the comparable month of the preceding year. “For the first time since 1952, Cuban sugar mills are grinding a virtually unlimited crop. Of the 161 sugar mills in the country, 156 were ‘operating by the end of the month. “Heavier than normal rains for February were general through- out the island. Sugar production through February 15 approached 1,000,000 Spanish long tons, com- pared with approximately 700,000 . + tons on the correwponding date last year... “In anticipation of a longer su- gar-grinding season and increased wages, resulting from higher prices for sugar, all of the low-duty rice quota for Cuba, for the rice quota- year ending June 30,1957, had been purchased by importers by the end of February.” “Consumer demand continued strong in most lines and collections were satisfactory. Sales gains were especially marked in agricultural and farm machinery and equip- ment, electrical appliances and passenger cars and trucks. “The volume of inbound cargo arriving at the Havana port was almost 50 per cent greater than in President Prado States Peruvian Firm Position Against Reds LIMA, April 12 (UP)— The President, Dr. Manuel Prado, re- affirmed the categorical anti com- munist position of his government, while greeting the members of de- legations of 22 countries attending the Congress Against Soviet Pen- etration in Latin America meet ing now in Lima. The delegates went to’ the Presidential Palace to pay their respects, Dr. Prado stressed the transcend. ence of the struggle against So- viet penetration and the need there is in all the countries of America to have clear orientation and well studied measures to consolidate continental defense. The Peruvian Chief Executive re- minded them of his long anti red position — during his first term as President — during the years of World War II, and said that “in that tragie and decisive hour for Latin America and for the world, my Government, and with it, Pert, réesolutely aligned with the powers struggling against Nazi to- talitarianism, and in spite of the fact that then, Soviet Russia was forced to join the democracies, my government maintained an austere reserve regarding that communist power.” Dr. Prado said also that in 1942 he rejected several suggestions for the re-establishment of diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union. He assured that he will maintain that anti communist position in his pre- sent Government; both in national affairs and in joint action which is indispensable to combat the danger of communist penetration in Ame- rica. Yesterday the Congress unanim- ously approved an Argentine mo- tion which comprises three measu- res: Breaking of. diplomatic and commercial relations with the So- viet Union and satellite countries; cancellation of legal status of com- munist parties, and disolution or strict vigilance of “front” organiza- tions, according with constitutional February 1956.” Party Offices BUENOS AIRES, April 12 (UP) — Federal Police officially an- nounced the arrest of 360 com- munist leaders and the closing of 56 offices of their party through- out the country, in security raids. Police said the names of those arrested will be given “on due time,” but communist sources de- elared that Rodolfo Ghioldi, Secret- ary General of the party, and Pa- blo Neruda, Chilean poet and ex- | Senator who is visiting this capit- al, are among those arrested. Ar- rests have been made in Buenos Aires and 14 provinces, The communiqué issued by the government said that, after a long period of observation, it came to the conclusion that “communist leaders and active fellow travelers are intensely acting against nation- al security.” * The Govt. said this morning that a plan of labor agitation of communists and Peronists provok- LAZARO CARDENAS TO VISIT TVA MEXICO CITY (UP)— Former President Lazaro Cardenas, who recently made his first trip to the United States to inspect irriga- tion projects California’s Imperial Valley, is planning a similar trip to the TVA in Tennessee, the newspa- per “La Prensa” said, The newspaper, quoting sources close to the president, said the in- vitation to visit the huge hydro- electric development was made more than a year ago by “Ameri- can authorities.’ The former president, who until recently had lived quietly in his na- tive state of Michoacén since he left the presidency in 1940, will be accompanied in his trip by his.son Cuauhtemoe Cardenas and a small group of persons, “all of them con- nected with irrigation work.” The paper added that before go- ing to Tennessee, former President Cardenas will make an inspection tour of the States of Campeche and , So AMBASSADOR CHIRIBOGA Bill Introduced for Equal Pay for Equal Work in Canal Zone WASHINGTON, April 12 (UP)— Chairman Olin Johnston of the Sen- ate Civil Service Committee intro- duced a bill authorizing United States agencies operating in the Panama Canal to conform to the equal pay section in the articles of memoranda which accompanied the recent U.S-Panama Treaty. The article provided that equality of opportunity in employment should be provided for Panamanian citizens on the same basis as U. S. citizens, and with equal pay for equal work. Under the terms of Johnston’s bill, which was requested by the Civil Service Commission, police- men, firemen and schoolteachers would be exempted from the provi- sions. These three classifications of employees would be classified as sensitive positions, which can be held only by U, S. citizens. Johnston said he does not yet know when his committee will norms of each country. ARGENTINE GOVT. STRIKES BLOW AGAINST REDS Closed, Hundreds of Leaders Arrested ed the strike which during last week paralized more than one hun- dred thousand workers. The legal situation of the Com- munist Party in Argentina is now OCAS Ministers to Meet in Managua SAN SALVADOR, April 12 (UP) —The Secretariat of the Organiza- tion of Central American States (OCAS) reported that, in accord- ance with Articles Seven and Eight of the San Salvador Charter, the Second Meeting of Central Ameri- can Ministers of Foreign Relations will be held this year at Managua. The Nicaraguan Government de- cided that the sessions commence on August 18 and end on the 24th of the same month. The other four States, members of the organiza- tion, approved the plan, HEMISPHERIC EVENTS Yucatan, and the territory of Quin- tana Roo in southeastern México, to see for himself the progress of the agrarian reform which he push- ed during his administration. AKGENTINE LABOR LEADER NAMED CONTROL HEAD BUENOS AIRES (UP)— Indus- try and Commerce Ministér Julio Cueto Rua announced the appoint- ment of a labor leader as adminis- trator of the National Price Con- trol Board. The new price watchdog is Jorge Sonzogno, of the Meat Pack. ers Union, the 60,000-member bo- dy which is one of Argentina’s most influential unions. The American-educated Cueto Ria said price controls will be enforced strictly where they now apply to a number of basic con- sumer goods, although the ten- dency of the government is to re- move price controls where mar- ket conditions permit active com- petition, hold hearings on the measure. being studied by the Courts. Elect- oral Judge Amilear Cardoso ruled last week that he could not grant legal recognition to that group, as a Political Party, under the new Statute of Political Parties, because it is not based in democratic prin- ciples. Although that decision does not precisely declare the illegality of the Party, the group will not be able to participate in the elections as a party or put up candidates, Communists lawyers appealed the decision to the National Court of Appeals, which at the end of last year annulled another similar ver- dict of a lower court, that denied the party the right of recognition asa legal political party. The arrests of the party leaders and the padlocking of the party’s headquarters represent the most severe measure taken by the Ar- gentine Provisional Government against the communists, since it assumed power. INDUSTRIAL FAIR MEXICO CITY (UP)— The es- tablishment of permanent indus- trial expositions in all major Me- xican cities has been recommended by a group of businessmen from San Luis Potosi. “That is the best way to acquaint the Mexican people with what the country is producing,” they said. The recommendation was made as the San Luis Potosi Chamber of Commerce inaugurated an exposi- tion of the state’s industrial and farm products at the México City Chamber of Commerce building. FREIGHTER ABANDONED OFF PANAMA COAST PANAMA (UP)— The 30-man crew of the British freighter Hope- range abandoned the ship after two fires broke out aboard while the 5177-ton vessel was about 15 miles from the southern entrance to the Panama Canal. The Spanish training schooner Juan Sebastian. Eleano sighted the etn? Member Inter American For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity Presse Association @ NUMBER 230 Latin America Should get more U. S. Economic Aid Dr. Chiriboga Declares MONEY SPENT IN HEMISPHERE WOULD BENEFIT THE UNITED STATES MORE LATIN AMERICA GET SOUTH KOREA GETS, EAST LANSING, Mich. April 12 (UP)— Ecuador’s Ambassador, Jo- sé R. Chiriboga, earnestly recom- mended the United States to grant more economic aid to the Latin ¢ |American Republics, for their de- E | velopment. In a speech at Michigan State University on the ocassion of Pan American Week, Chiriboga point- ed out that such aid will be benefi- cial for the United States. The Ambassador said that at pre- sent there are, outside of the West- ern Hemisphere, three great eco- nomic bloes: the communist empire rehabilitated Europe and the Brit- ish Commonwealth; and added that the creation of another one would be possible with the transforma- tion of the Southwestern Asia Trea- ty Organization (SWATO), from a strictly military group into an eco- nomic bloc. “In the face of this objective pa orama — he continued — Pan- americanism offers the following economic picture: 21 sister na- tions, among then the United States, tremendous, with the high- est living standards and industrial power in constant increase. But the United States with a popula- tion which increases year after year sees the markets for its products shrinking also year after year, due to European and Japanese compe- tition, The United States, notwith- standing its large area and _ its wealth, is not self-supporting and needs to import minerals, coffee; cocoa, fruits, ete. for defense needs and consumption of its own people. “On the other side we have 20 countries, in full economic maturi- ty with immense and rich territor- ies, lacking industries; with a po- pulation which increases rapidly, while the national income advances slowly. Those 20 countries produce diverse agricultural items and mi- nerals which are necessary to the great North American industry. . . “Would it be convenient to the U.S., from a political and commer- cial view-point, that the 20 nations integrating the Pan American fam- ily be transformed in economic sa- tellites of extracontinentals blocs? Would it be convenient for the United States that the Latin Ameri- ean population, which today adds to 170,000,000 continues enduring a low living standard, with the dan- ger of falling into the trap of com- munist propaganda?... . “Although today only 15 per cent TING 50% OF WHAT AMBASSADOR STATES of U. S. production is exported, ® could be foreseen that in ten years the U.S. will need to sell abroad at least 40 per cent of its industrial production, so that the business expansion program will suffer no setback, “Europe is no market for manw factured articles. Commerce with the communist world is by force restricted for political and monet- ary reasons.’ Africa is tied up to the European bloc and the Asiatie countries are indicated to absorb part of the European produc. tion and part of the Japanese, Therefore the only really promis- ing market for the U. S. is Latin America, where the population will reach 300,000,000 inhabitants ia 1970... M “Nobody can ignore the good im tentions of the U. S. as well ag the economic aid and technical sup- port our countries have been re- ceiving during the last 10 years. But nobody could affirm that this aid has been adequate or that it keeps proper relation-with the im- portance Latin America has for the United States or with the aid giv- en to other world sectors. . . “United States has spent $67, 000,000,000 in Europe and is at present spending in Asia, the Near East and even in Europe proper, al- most 90 per cent of the funds for foreign aid. Latin America is re- ceiving something like $138,000, 000 per annum for economic and technical aid. In other words: the 20 Latin American countries, with 170,000,000 inhabitants receive, in economic and technical aid, 50 per cent of that received annually by South Korea. “Latin America needs funds, m enough quantities to solve housing, public health and popular educa- tion problems. The efforts to create an Inter American Special Fund with proportional contributions from the 21 countries, undertake construction of schools, hospitals, etc., are result of these needs. ..» “The defense of America’s futu. re, the consolidation of Pan Ameri- canism as an Association of Free Peoples for the consolidation of peace and democracy in the world, demand the economic integration of 21 nations in a solid bloc which will permit the material progress of the countries at the same time that it ‘will preserve the independ- ence and national characteristics of each nation”. Rubottom Stresses Importance of Buying More From Latin America .NEW YORK, April 12 (UP)— Acting Undersecretary of State for Inter American Affairs, Roy Rubottom, reported here that commerce between the United States and Latin America has reached a yearly average of 7.5 billion dollars, and said that this trade is the main’ source of dollar Latin American News in Brief signals from the two lifeboats car- rying the Hoperange’s crew and picked them up after they had spent about 40 minutes in rough seas, My The first fire broke out in the engine room at 2:30 A. M. EST and the second at 7:40 A, M. UNDERGROUND STEAM FOR ELECTRIC POWER MEXICO CITY (UP)— México expects to produce electricity from underground steam within the year the Director of the Federal Elec- tricity Commission said. Carlos Ramirez Ulloa said mach- inery to convert the natural under- ground steam deposits to electrici- ty has been ordered from Italian manufacturers. i Two perforations have been made in nearby Hidalgo State and engineers have estimated the un- derground steam eoncentrations will greatly cut the cost of pro- ducing electric current for a large area surrounding Méxiea Cite, exchange for Latin America. Speaking before a gathering the Rotary Club, Rubottom point: ed out that it is in the best interest of the United States that Latin America has “a continuous and adequate source of income in dol- Jars,” and that with such income the Latin American Republics not’ only: will continue buying export products from the United States, , but it will contribute to “promo- tion of solid and secure economies on each one of these Republics.” The Secretary added that other sources of dollar exchange are private investments and tourism. ° He noted that the Latin Ameri- can Republics prefer to obtain dole lars by these means rather than ceiving economic donations. But id continue obtaining dollars throug! trade, Latin America must have free access to the U. S. markets, To stress the importante of Pak vate initiative, he added: Se “Commerce expands with max mum facility through the efforts and ingenuity of the individual, providing that governments do not interfere inopportunely to create obstacles. Efforts to increase com- merce, or to eliminate barriers op- posed to trade, can contribute more effectively to a betterment in our economic relations. This trade of 7.5 billion dollars, as beneficial to the United States as it is to Lat in America, can substantially in- crease through the years, as it has increased in the past, for the bene- fit of both. ite? There is much that can be done yet by private citizens and govern- ments, in Latin America and: the pesky States, to increase that