Diario las Américas Newspaper, April 4, 1957, Page 10

Inter - American News for English - Speaking people “ath YEAR @, A. SAN ROMAN President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher 8. SMITE. Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE Vice President Editor and Manager M4 Fred M. Shaver Eliseo Riera-Gémez Managing Ealtor Business Manager Advt, & Circ, Mgr. esac se SR OSTA I ERNE I Published daily except Monday ~ Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miami Springs. Fla.. on February 8 1956. rE ERE RY EDITORIAL f ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF LATIN AMERICA Cc. W. SMITH Vice President Although it is undeniable that the people of Latin America are highly spiritualist, this does not mean that economic problems do not concern them, when their fundamental interests are hurt, or when they find impossible to achieve the adequate degree of development and wellbeing they deserve. The economic problems of Latin America require, without doubt, joint solutions. For that reason it is necessary that, collectively, the repre- sentatives of the Latin American countries and the United States, in the name of hemispheric solidarity, a solidarity which should serve not only to impress nations from outside the continent, try to find a solution to those pressing problems which, in one form or another, weigh over more than one hundred and seventy million human beings, which consti- tute the twenty Latin American nations. The people of the sister republics of the con- tinent have full right to claim a better standard of living, a better use of their immense natural resources, including among those resources the geographical position, as defined recently by Octavio Fabrega, distinguished Panamanian statesman and jurist, Politically as well as economically, the United States will benefit if these twenty Latin American nations achieve* as soon as possible, a reasonable betterment in all the orders of their social and economic life. With a stronger Latin America, the transcendental support it always gives to the United States will have, of necessity, greater importance and a more vigorous practical significance. For the Latin American countries to have more faith in the values of continental solidarity, it is necessary that they see and feel, in that solidarity, the solution of Lc ae oe without this being interpreted as expectations of gracious pal or gifts from the U.S.A. What Latin America needs is a firm and opportune economic cooperation which will permit her, without being a burden to the people of the United States, to attain the pinnacle of her aspirations. And this coopera- tion, in the part of this great North American nation will be repaid in multiple ways, as much in trade benefits as in others of political character. MIAMI CONSULAR CORPS NOT CONNECTED WITH “GOOD NEIGHBOR CENTER” PARADE AND WILL NOT PARTICIPATE IN IT The Dean of the Consular Corps of Miami, Hon, Eduardo Hernandez, Consul General of the Republic of Cuba, sent to us, for publication, the following letter: Miami, Florida Corps is associated with this April 1, 1957 endeavor. Diario Las Américas This is therefore to request Miami, Florida of you that you please make Gentlemen: public that the Consular Corps is not, and has never been, The Consular Corps of Mi- associated or connected in ami has been informed that any way with this project and Mr. A. Ramén Ruiz, Director that it will not participate in General of the Good Neighbor aig Motorcade. Center of the Americas, is sponsoring a Motorcade en- This request is made to you titled “The Good Neighbors pursuant to resolution of the Motorcade”, to be held at 2:30 Consular Corps adopted at - P.M. on Saturday, April 13, its special meeting held March 1957. 29, 1957. The Consular Corps has been informed that in some (Signed) way residents and business EDUARDO D. HERNANDEZ Dean, f Miami are of the ti Ll Consular Corps of Miami pression that the Consular For a better understanding KNOW THY NEIGHBOR By ANTONIO RUIZ URUGUAY — The great social advances achieved in Uruguay have tightly won for the small South American Republic the name of | “Social Laboratory. of the Ameri- cas.” The eight-hour day, for in- stance, was established in Uruguay four years before it was instituted in the United States. Provisions for child ‘welfare, state care for mothers, minimum wages which workers, compulsory vacations. with pay, and full medical care for poor people, have been written into the Constitution. The benefits to the working class, which in most other countries are inseparably identified almost en- tirely with the organized efforts of the workers themselves, in Uru- guay have grown naturally out of a concerted desire of all classes to promote the nation’s progress on the foundation of well being of all its citizens. Nevertheless, labor unions have done their part in acti- vely promoting the workers’ wel- fare. In matters of public health, Uru- guay is doubly favored. Located by Nature in a temperate climate free from most of the diseases that be- set the more tropical sister repub- lies of South America, Uruguay al- so has the good fortune to have developed a sound philosophy which recognizes good health as an inalienable right of all its citi- zens. The latest advances in such fields as radiography, radiotherapy and psychiatry are studied. and. utiliz- ed. Pharmacies are inspected re- gularly. Pasteurization of milk is required in most localities; consid- erable attention is given to indus- trial hygiene. Food and drug in- spection is an important official activity. As a resul tof this, vigorous pro- gress has been achieved. Some of the most important _ institu- tions operating in the field of public health are the National In- stitute of Hygiene, the Medical School, the National Institute of Nutrition, the National Institute of Endocrinology and the Marine Hospital devoted to tuberculosis research. Railroads, about 2,000 miles of them in Uruguay, fan out from Montevideo northward through the entire country, and connect the capital with the interior cities of Fray Bentos, Mercedes, Paysandu, Salto, Melo, Treinta y Tres, Colo- nia, Durasno and nearly every other Uruguayan city and town of some importance. At four points on the border of Brazil they con- nect with the railroads of that coun- try. This makes it possible to go by rail from Montevideo to the Brazilian cities of Sao Paulo, San- tos and Rio de Janeiro. Thete are five important rail- road systems. One of these is state owned, and is operated by the State Railroad and Streetcar Ad- ministration. The Uruguayan Cen- tral runs right across the country trom Montevideo, on the south, to Rivera, on the Brazilian border. An extension of this railroad runs westward from Montevideo to Mer- cedes, a port on the Rio Negro. Another runs to Colonia, on the Rio de la Plata, while a third, run- ning: in a northerly direction, con- netts Montevideo with Treinta y Tres and Melo. The State Railroads operate east- ward from Montevideo to Rocha and Maldonado. They also connect Florida with Sarandi del Yi, Trein- ta y Tres with Rio Branco and have several shorter lines. On Jan- uary 31, 1949, the Government took over the previously British-owned Central Uruguay Railroad, for a payment of about $28,009,000. Spanish Version Page 3 - SPANISH FOR BEGINNERS IX LESSON, PART Hf Usted tiene tres Yo tengo cinco Pedro tiene dos eCuantos libros tengo yo? qCuantos libros tiene usted? ~Cuantos libros tiene Pedro? &Tenemos nosotros mucho dinero? “Tenemos poco. éTienen los sefiores F. y R. poco dinero? éTienen pocos libros los alumnos? ¢Hay pocas plumas dentro de la caja? hay muchas. iTiene Juan pocos lapices? éTiene Maria pocas plumas? iTengo yo tres libros? iTiene Juan cuatro libros? iTiene usted m&s libros que yo? éCudntos libros més que yo tiene Ud? iCuntos libros menos que, yo tiene Pedre? Yo tengo menos de cuatro libros, Usted tiene mas de cuatro libros. Menos de dos, de tres, de cuatro... 46 Kwah-rehn-tah y seh-ees; Usted tiene mas libros. libros. libros. ‘No sefior, nosotros no tenemos mucho dinero. No, ellos no tienen poco, tienen mucho, , Si, sefior, tienen poco. No, dentro de la caja no hay pocas plumas, No, sefior, no tiene pocos, tiene muchos. No, sefior, no tiene pocas, tiene muchas, Si, usted tiene tres libros. No, él tiene s6lo dos. Si sefior, yo tengo mis libros que usted. Yo tengo tres libros mas que usted. Pedro tiene un libro menos que usted. Yo tengo menos libros que usted. libros que yo. Menos que yo, que usted, que él, etc. 47, 48, 49, 50 Seen-kwehn-tab IKE RECEIVES WASHINGTON, April 3 (UP)— | Presiden tEisenhower underlined to day that, unless the friendship and comprehension .between the Ame- rican Republics is promoted, “we could not attain the great Organiza- tion of American States.” The Chief Executive spoke after he received from Spruille Braden, ex-Undersecretary of State for Inter American Affairs, the gold insignia of the Pan American So- ciety. Braden, who was Ambassador to Argentina, is the President of the Society, The ceremony was held at the White House and Braden stressed that Interamerican solidarity is based on something more than geo- graphy or the frequent reciprocal economies of the 21 American Re- publics, It rests on common herit- age — he said — of the valiant preceding work as well as in per- sonal initiative and enterprise. It rests on the parallel and often simultaneous struggles for attain- ment of national independence of the Hemisphere peoples. It rests on their common religious faith; on their consecreation to indivi- dual dignity and liberty; and on their inviolable anxiety, even when it could sometimes be temporarily suppressed, for representative con- stitutional government.” Eisenhower expressed hope that a stronger Organization of Ameri- FROM BRADEN INSIGNIA AWARDED HIM BY PANAMERICAN SOCIETY OF N. Y. PRESIDENT EXPRESSES HOPE FOR A STRONGER, VIGOROUS ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES parts of liberty and civilization. He added his conviction that the Com- mittee of Representatives of the ‘American States will finally suc- ceed in its efforts to strengthen the OAS. He said that he agrees with Bra- den asseveration that the OAS “can make, of our two continents, a ram- part of civilization for the bene- fit. of humanity.” “In falling in line with the things you are trying to do — Eisenhower continued — I consider myself a soldier in the ranks. I support and work for the same things.” He continued by reminding that on April 29th., another meeting of the Presidential Committee, created at his suggestion during the Conference of Chief Execu- tives in Panama, with the purpose of promoting the financial- and social development of the Ameri- can Republics, will take place. He declared he was convinced the Committee will succeed in its work due to the common tradition of the American Republics. “We are God fearing nations be- ljieving in man’s dignity and free government,” he said, Finally he declared that he was “very proud” to accept the insig- nia and praised the Panamerican Society and its 45 years promot- can States will become the ram- Better Wages For NOGALES, México, April 3 — (UP)— The United States and Mé- xico’s labor leaders, meeting in this city, agreed to fight for a higher level of agriculture workers mini- mum wages, particularly for the Mexican workers who are hired for work in the U. § fields. The agreement was reached at the opening meeting of the IV Conference of the Joint Mexi- can-United States Syndicai Com- mission, which is being held here and will last three days, by work- er’s representatives of the two countries. 4 The question of a minimum wage was brought up in the initial words of the two Conference Vice-presi- dents — Mexican Senator Jestis Yu- ren and North American Frank L. Noakes, Alberto Monge, Secretary Gen- eral of the Inter American Work- ers Regional Organization (IWRO), organization to which the Joint Commission belongs, was elected President of the Conference. Yuren acknowledged that the workers living standards have im- proved in a certain degree, during the last years; but, — he said — that in many cases wages are still “utterly antiquated” and paid “ac- cording to the convenience of their employer.” Noakes, who is Head of the North American Section of the Conference and Secretary-Treasur- er of the Railroad Employees tion of friendship and comprehen- sion in the Western Hemisphere. U. S.-Mexican Labor Leaders Seeking Mexican Braceros er has already intensified its cam- paing to include agriculture work- ers in the U. S. minimum wage laws. At present these wages are fixed at one dollar per hour. A representative of the North American workers group said that Mexican migrants workers, at pre- sent, are being paid the wages pre- valent for North American workers in farms of the various zones in which they work, with the fixed seale, after studies by the U. S. Labor: Department Employment Service. In accordance with’ an interna- tional agreement, these wages can- not be lower than $0.50 per hour. The representative said that the lowest salaries in force were being paid at present in the Jower zone of the Rio Grande Valley, in Texas; the Imperial Valley, southern Cali- fornia; and Arkansas, It is expected that the question of establishing minimum wages will be included in a joint resolution later in the Conference, which will close on Thursday. Yuren said that the Joint Com: mittee was able to see the fruits of its work during the past years; but added that “there are many empty spots to be filled” in the ef- forts to obtain economic and so- cial improvement for the almost 400,000 Mexicans who migrate to the U. S. annually, under the In- ternational Work Pact. He stress- ed, particularly, what he called “inadequate points” in transport, Brotherhood, said that the move- ment of the North American work- *IAPA PROTESTING ~ MCGLOIRE ARREST HAVANA (UP)— The President of the Inter American Press Asso- jeiation ([APA), Dr. Guillero Mar- tinez Marquez, informed the U. P., a few minutes after arriving here from San José, Costa Rica, that he intends to send to the Haitian capi- ital immediately, a wire protesting the arrest of Frank McGloire, own- er of the Haitian daily “Le Matin,” in behalf of IAPA. Martinez Marquez added that Ju- les Dubois, President of IAPA’s Press Freedom Committee, who continued his trip to Miami, will go to Port-au-Prince, if necessary, to attend the matter. He also said he knew nothing about McGloire’s arrest until the office of the United Press called him on the phone, CHILE DECORATES MEXICAN AMBASSADOR WASHINGTON (UP)— Chilean Ambassador to the Organization of American States (OAS), Alberto housing, wages an sickness and ac- cident insurance. HEMISPHERIC EVENTS Latin American News in Brief an Ambassador to the same or- ganization the insignia of the Ber- nardo O’Higgins Order of Merit, conferred to him by Chile. Sepulveda said in his speech that he was delivering the Order to the representative of a country “which notwithstanding the long distance which separates it from Chile, lives near the heart of the Chilean peo- ple.” ~ MAKE GOOD OR QUIT CARDENAS DECLARES MEXICALI, México (UP)— For- mer President Lizaro Cardenas warned the National Farmers Confederation that it should solve the problems of the farmers, or else it should dissolve itself. Cardenas made the statement to the farmers of the Puente Trevi- fio Common Farm (Ejido), who had complained bitterly against the leaders of the Farmers Confedera- tion. “If the National Farmers Con- federation cannot solve your pro- blems it would be better that it Sepiilveda. delivered to the Mexic-|cease to exist,” Cardenas said. The between the Americas MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA., THURSDAY, APRIL 4, 1957 Arms Captured in Residential Havana Suburb HAVANA, April 3 (UP)—’Po- lice Headquarters reported that members of the Corps raided a residence in Puentes Grandes suburb where they seized a load of arms and ammunitions hidden there. They also arrested two per- sons. According to the police report, 12 machine guns, 30 rifles and great quantities of ammunition, as well as 50 police uniforms and a number of armbands with the ini- tials JR, were seized. The authorities believe that the arms belong to the rebel group which participated in the frustrat- ed attack to the Presidential Pa- Jace and which was identified as “Juventud Revolutionaria” (Revo- lutionary Youth). Meanwhile, it is reported from Santiago, that two petards explod- ed causing some damge but no casualties. No arrests have been made. Brazil Gets Loan for Paulista R. R. Improvement Plan WASHINGTON (UP)— The Ex- port Import Bank announced to have granted a credit for $12,800,- 000 to the Paulista Railroad to help it in the purchase of equipment in the United States. This railraod transports import- ant quantities of coffee from, the interior of Brazil to the embarka- tion ports, according to the an- nouncement of the Bank President, Samuel C. Waugh. The company plans to buy 38 Diesel locomotives, 28,000 tons of heavy rails and material for electri- fication and signaling of a central traffic control system. Banks officials said that this is the third financial contribution of the institution for the same rail- road. In 1950 a credit of $8,800,- 000 was granted for purchase of equipment; loan already paid back. Another credit of $7,000,000 was ap- proved in. 1952 mainly dedicated to the purchase of air brakes, auto- matic couplings and freight cars. The loan announced now will be repaid over a period of ten years, ge ae See oes art oa mea Member Inter American Press Association For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity NUMBER 222 Chilean Troops Fire on on Preside SANTIAGO, Chile (UP) — Troops opened fire on rioters at- tempting to move on the presiden- tial palace in the heart of Santiago today. At least two demonstrators were reported killed, and 23 others were wounded. Six others were killed and 158 injured Tuesday. The incident was the latest in a series of violent events which were started as a protest against a bus and trolley fare increase, They culminated Tuesday. night in rioting, looting and incendiarism which created Scenes witnesses said were without precedent in the city’s history. President Carlos Ibéfiez ordered security forces to shoot if neces- sary to head off any further dis- orders. It was in apparent response to this order that troops opened fire on the demonstrators this morn- ing along Bernardo O’Higgins Ave- nue, the main street of Santiago. A helicopter flying over the ad- jacent streets was reported keep- ing the troops on the ground in- formed of all large concentration: of demonstrators. ‘i Ibaiifz proclaimed a state of siege or modified martial law throughout Rioters Trying to Move ntial Palace TWO DEMONSTRATORS REPORTED KILLED - RAISING SIX-DAY RIOT TOLL TO EIGHT The government then went to Congress to ask for passage of a special powers bill for a six month period “in order to main- tain the constitutional regime.” Some observers on the scene said that in a number of cases the depredations were directed by “white shirt” agitators who hurled “Molotov cocktails” — bottles fill- ed with flaming -gasoline. The “white shirts” are Communists. The government agreed to sus- pend the 50 per cent fare hike temporarily in an effort to calm the protest. Political leaders said Thafiez also agreed to. free all those arrested during the riots. Some 250,000 high school and university students agreed, as a re- sult, to end the 48-hour strike they started Tuesday and return to clas- ses this morning. Policé and soldiers clashed throughout Tuesday with mobs armed with stones and clubs that roamed the elty robbing. stores, stoning newspaper buildings and the National Congress and attemp ing to set fire to the Cathedral. Police stopped one group “from attacking the presidential palace. Ambulances set up shuttle servi- the country, although no disturban- ces were reported from other cities. SANTIAGO, Chile — The Unit- ed Nations Economic Commission for Latin America (known as CE PAL), will hold its VII Confer- ence from May 15 to 29 at La Paz, Bolivia. Delegations of the 21 American Aepublics, France, Great Britain and Holland, which form this regional organ of the United Nations, are expected to at- tend. The Executive Secretariat is ex- pected to submit important reports on current economic conditions in Latin America and its prospects, which, no doubt, will result in fruitful and interest- ing debates, due to the great interest there is to solve such pro- starting in 1959 by semestral pay- ments. WASHINGTON, April 3 (UP)— It was learned last night that the United States appears in a report as opposed to the creation of any Inter American bank for the eco- nomic development of Latin Ame- Tica. The position of the United States is in a report that will be submit- ted to the Inter American Commit- tee of Presidential Representatives, which will meet in this capital at the end of the month. The“report, already drafted, re- commends that if there is a desire to continue considering establish- ment of such bank, it should be done at the Inter American Eco- nomic Conference -to take place in Buenos Aires in August. The former president, who is on a tour of the rural lands of northern Mé- xico “to see how the agrarian re- form has benefited the. farmers,” added that when he founded the Federation during his administra- tion his aim was to have an or- ganization to fight for the rights of the farmers. MEXICAN FARM WORKERS START COMING TO U. S. MEXICO CITY (UP)— Con- tracting of Mexican migrant labor- ers for U. S. farm jobs was stepped up today with the official start of the bracero “season”. Government officials said 20,000 braceros (farm hands) will be hir- ed this month — mainly for Cali- fornia harvests — and 100,000 will cross the border by the end of June, México plans to supply approxi- mately 400,000 workers this year under the migrant labor treaty with the United States, Most of them will go to Texas. Last year, officials said, 193,000 of blems. Evidence of this interest ean be seen in measures taken by Buenos Aires Conference is to be held afer eight years of post- ponements. In the report drafted by the sub committee on economic and finan- cial matters of the Presidential Committee, headed by Mexican Am- bassador Manuel Tello, the United States cleaarly expresses belief that the existing loan agencies — Ex- port-Import Bank, International Bank for Reconstruction, World Bank, and International Financial Corporation — are sufficient to economically develop the Ameri- cas. The Committee, created at the suggestion of President Eisenhow- er during the Conference of Ame- rican Presidents in Panama in Aug- the: 350,000 braceros contracted were hired for Texas jobs. Ofifcials said that until only one contracting center, at Emplame, Sonora, has been operating. It has hired only 21,375 braceros, how- ever, pending the start of the “sea- son” when contracting centers at Monterrey and Chihuahua also be- gin operations. MEXICAN RR RR BUILD LARGEST STADIUM MEXICO CITY (UP)— The Na- tional Railways of México is build- ing here the largest athletic field in the country for the benefit of its employes, The 200,000 square motor field will have facilities for baseball, football, tennis, track, volley-ball, swimming, as well as a huge gym- nasium and a large tree-shaded area for picknicking. Railway officials said similar. fields are under construction in Guadalajara, Monterrey, San Luis Potosi, Matias Romero and Jalapa. ces delivering the dead and wound- ed to hospitals, CEPAL fo Meet at La Paz, Bolivia many governments, with success in most cases, to defend their eco- nomies in vulnerable points both local and foreign, to combat infla- tion where it exists and a search for means to eliminate obstacles to the development of industries caus- ‘ed by lack of adequate’ markets: On this respect, special attention will be given at the La Paz con- ference to possible consequences, of any kind, that creation of an European common market may have for Latin America. The sub- ject is in the Agenda, as well as the steps that should be taken to put into practice the recommenda tions approved at the recent meet- ing of CEPAL’s Trade Committee, and other important economic mat- ters. U. S. Against Inter American Bank for Economic, Social Development ust, 1956, met in this capital in September of last year and again last January. During the January meeting four subcommittees were appointed, with instructions to study certain fields and submit reports to the Committee this month. The specif- ic ‘fields are: economic and fin, ances, atomic energy, trade, and technical cooperation. United Press reported during last week-end that the Subcommittee on Atomic Energy, headed by Ni- caraguan Ambassador Guillermo Sevilla Sacasa, recommends crea- tion of an Inter American Atomic Energy Center. This center would function within the Organization of American States (OAS). : Tello’s report, which will be sub- mitted to the Committee’s Presi. dent, Dr. Milton Eisenhower, will also include three recommendae tions by Chile, Cuba and Venezue- la for the creation of an Inter American Bank. Chile proposes establishment of a Pan American Credit Institute for the development in the Ameri- cas of the fields of economy, edu- cation, health, transportation, and others related to them. The Credit Institute would get its funds from contributions of OAS’ members, consisting of one per cent of the annual imports. of each country. The Chilean proposal says the fa cilities of existing credit organiza: tions should work in combination with the Credit Institute. Cuba proposes that a committee of economic experts studies the needs of each country for economic and social development. The re sults would be given to private in- vestors so they would act in ac cordance with these needs, The Venezuelan proposal that each country contributes three per cent of its budget to create an In- ter American fund with economic and social aims, is now under study by OAS. The proposal was made by the President of Venezuela, General Marcos Pérez Jiménez, dur- ing the Panam& Conference last September.