Diario las Américas Newspaper, March 13, 1957, Page 10

Inter - American News for English- * Speaking people For a better understanding Mdweenl the Americas Member Inter American For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity Press Association 4h YEAR @. A. SAN ROMAN ¢. W. President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher Antonio Ruiz Managing Editor Vice President Fred M. Shaver Business Manager A 8. SMITH reaiden Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE Vice President. Editor and Manager Eliseo Riera-Gémez vt. & Cire. Mgr. a el Published daily except Monday — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miami Springs. Fla., on February 8, 1956. EDITORIAL IS PEACEFUL CO-EXISTENCE OF COMMUNISM AND DEMOCRACY POSSIBLE? If the communist system were not a system of force, with aims toward world domination, it could well be affirmed that peaceful co-existence of communism and democracy is possible. But, taking into consideration the fact that Soviet im- perialism on one side, and the very nature of that materilistic doctrine on the other, both have the aim of international conquest, it is very difficult to believe in that peaceful terms. co-existence in long-range Experience demonstrates that Russia is engaged in an open campaign of international sabotage in the political field, and violent action in the military field. Infiltration by propaganda first, and armed violence later, have been the two grim steps suffered by several European and Asiatic nations. To this it must be added that in also have realized their America the communists aim, at least regarding ideological infiltration, with their subversive plans against the democratic order. ‘If the policy of aggression of the communist system would not change, or, if in the future the watch-words of the last ten or twelve years will prevail, it would not be easy to think of the possibility that the two systems may exist at the same time in the world. If Russia would refrain from her plans of conquest, then it would be possible to think of that possibility, which, it is true, would be painful in a certain manner, but it is also sure that is would relieve the rest of the world from the anxiety caused by the menace of communist imperialism. The omnipotent men of the Kremlin know that, for their regime, the situation created by the fact that the rest of the world can exist without com- munism, and not only exists but progresses morally and materially, is very harmful. It is for this reason that they engage in plans of invasion, direct or indirect, of other countries, with the intention that, if they do not agree to form part of the chain of satellite states, at least they are under pressure of unrest and the threat of conquest. This, of course, makes the fear of a third world war latent in the international conscience. This fear only revolves, naturally, around the tactics of communistic poli- cies. generous sense, or a less May it be that these tactics change in a destructive one, and that humanity recuperates the faith in its peaceful destiny. LETTERS TO THE EDITOR INDUSTRIALIZATION I have: become increasingly con- cerned over your paper’s tendency to play up the often-expressed no- tion that the successful industrial- ization of Puerto Rico should serve as a model for other Caribbean countries which aspire to their own industrialization. Much of this thinking is over-simplifield, and tends to create a misleading ana- logy. Puerto Rico deserves consider- able credit for seeing her oppor- tunities and successfully exploiting her unique relationship with the United States. Puerto Rico's na- turally favorable factors for in- dustrialiwtion are shared by her Caribbean neighbors, but only she has duty-free access to the world’s greatest market — the United States, Therefore, Puerto Rico is| the only Caribbean area which can offer to United State’s manufactu- rers a large supply of unskilled workers, freedom from federal tax- ation, and no restrictions in reach- ing the mainland market. And we must realize that the bulk of Puer- to Rico’s recent industrialization has come from United States firms which have gone to Puerto Rico to take advantage of these three factors. The foremost influence in indus. try moving to Puerto Rico has been freedom from federal taxa- tion. The government of the Unit- ed States was established through a revolution based upon the prin- ciple of no taxation without repre- sentation, and since Puerto Rico does not have full federal repre- sentation, federal taxation does not apply to the island. Also, mainland firms usually fear so-called “cheap, foreign la- bor,” and have been very success- full in erecting barriers against the import of goods from other coun- tries. ‘Puerto Rican labor is neither cheap nor foreign, and mainland firms do not gain advantage from IN THE CARIBBEAN the exploitation of Iow-cost Puer- to-Rican workers. Industrial wages are carefully regulated to compen- sate for costs involved in deliver- ing goods produced on the island to mainland ports. This regulation has admirably protected mainland firms from competitors using low |cost labor and island workers from low pay scales in producing goods for mainland consumption. Finally, U. S. firms which em- ploy hand labor can find a vast pool. of willing workers in Puerto Rico which far exceeds anything available at home. Mechanization of industry in the states has proceed- ed so far and so fast that only the most marginal of workers are available as unskilled or hand workers, and the high cost of living has made wages for even these peo- ple quite high. In Puerto Rico manufacturers can select first class workers at wages competitive in their industry and still have a con- siderable advantage in productivity over mainland firms dependent upon marginal workers. The advantages enjoyed by Puerto Rico are therefore reserv- ed for U, S. possessions, and none of these are in a better position to utilize them than is Puerto Ri- co. The industrialization of Puerto Rico, however, does hold one signi- ficant lesson for everyone. It should end for all time the popular myth prevailing in the United States that the tropics in general, and Latin America in particular, is not suited to industrialization. Latin America can certainly in- dustrialize, but it will have to be based upon programs which are designed to utilize the advantages inherent in each particular region, and not based upon a superficial analogy. Gordon F. Shea, Industrial Consultant MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA., WEDNESDAY, MARCH 13, 1957 KNOW THY NEIGHBOR By ANTONIO RUIZ ARGENTINA — The United Provinces of La Plata, as Argen- tina was called, had been govern- ed by a succession of juntas, trium- virates, a general assembly, and a directory. A complete breakdown of government was imminent and invasion threatened from the west and north, when in March, 1816, the Congress of Tucumén met and decided the fate of the independ- ence movement. The proposal for a declaration of independence, staunchly backed by San Martin, Belgrano and other leaders, was hailed by the representatives of the people. On July 9, the Congress pro- claimed the unanimous desired of the United Provinces “to sever the oppressive bonds which con- nected them with the kings of Spain, to reeover the rights of which they were deprived, and to nation free and independent of King Ferdinand VII, of his suc- cessors, of the mother country, and of any other foreign domination.” The Congress of Tucumdn con- secrated the blue and white ban- ner of the revolution as the em- blem of the new nation. The fol- lowing year, General San Martin marched his army of some 5,000 men over the Andes, through the passes of Los Patos and Upallata at an altitude of 9,000 feet, and into Chile. This feat, which has few parallels in military history, was followed on April 5, 1817, by the decisive battle of Maipi, which sealed Chilean independence. The Chilean forces then joined those of San Martin in liberating Pert, which had not joined the re- volutionary movement, and where royalist and colonial armies de- fended the cause of Spain. On July 28, 1821, San Martin proclaimed the independence of Peri and was named its Protector, for he had come, as he said, not as a con- queror but a liberator. Thereupon, San Martin sent a division of troops to aid General Sucre, who won the decisive Battle of Pichin- cha on May 24, 1822, thus freeign Ecuador, Then came the historic meeting of San Martin and Simén Bolivar, liberator of Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador. After offering to place himself under Bolivar’s or- ders for the remainder of the cam- paign, San Martin left him in su- preme command. The Liberator of half a continent endéd his brilliant career and retired from public life with a farewell address to the Con- stituent Congress of Pert on Sept- ember 20, 1822, in which he said: “The presence of a fortunate sold- ier, however desinterested he may be, is dangerous to a newly-es- tablished state.” The military genious of General San’ Martin was matched by his selfless devotion to great ideals, by his moral courage, and humani- tarian tributes, which set him apart for all time. He spent the last years of his life in France, at Boulogne-sur-Mer. Having achieved independence, the political leaders of the new nation turned their attention to the formation of a national gov- ernment. Juan Martin Pueyrredén was appointed Supreme Dictator by the Congress of Tucuman and governed for three years. Despite the strong desire for a democratic form of government held by the more liberal political leaders, in particular Mariano Moreno, there was no democratic structure in which to build. The Cabildo was the only existing political institu- tion havng any democratic cha- racteristics. Thus, the establish- ment of a republican form of government was all the more dif- ficult because it was a system heretofore untried on the South American continena and little understood, except by the enlighte- | ned minority . Spanish Version Page 3 Puerto Rico Bus Accident Kills Six; Injures 20 SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico, March 12 (UP)— Six dead and 20 injured is the balance left by a traffic ac- cident. A bus plunged 200 feet in a ravine, when it went out of the highway in a curve, near Aibonito, trying to avoid collision with a sta- tion wagon of the Menonite Mis- sion Hospital in that town. Mrs. Carmen Soto, of Aibonito, lost her life in the disaster, but be- fore dying she gave birth to a baby, attended by a rescue party. The child was taken to a hospital, where it was placed in an incubator. A hellicopter was sent from San Juan with medical equipment, plas- ma and other supplies, PROMINENT ECUADOREANS BEGIN UNITED STATES TOUR assume the exalted position of a|° Manuel Maldonado. WASHINGTON, Mareh 12 (UP) —The United States government announced it has reached an agree- ment for the purchase of great quantities of nickel and cobalt, from a United States company which operates in Cuba. At the same time it was report- ed that another nickel company, owned by the government and which also operates in Cuba, has finished its work of expansion and will increase its production 75 per cent. The General Services. Adminis- tration, a government organism, will buy from the “Cuban Ameri- can Nickel Co.” all the nickel and cobalt the latter will produce up to June 30, 1965, provided that the amount of nickel will not sur- pass 271 millions pounds and eo- balt 28,835,000. The government owned company which have finished its expansion work to increase production 75 per cent, is the Nickel Processing Corporation, which manages the Niquero (Cuba) plant for the gov- ernment. Nickel and cobalt are strategic NEW YORK, March 12 (UP)— The Consul General of El Salvador, Fernando Trabanino, denied that a visa has been refused to a Negro Baptist mimister and his wife. In Medford, Massachusetts, Rev. Oscar G. Phillips had said that the Salvadorean Consul General in New York had refused him a visa, and that he had explained such at- titude saying that the laws of his country did not authorize him to grant visas to Negroes. Trabanino stated to the United Press that the application of Rev. Phillips has not been rejected, but that “according to our laws and re- gulations it was sent to San Salva- dor, and we expect to receive the entry permit today or tomorrow.” Trabanino added that the Salva- dorean visa takes from four to five KUBITSCHEK DONS SURGICAL GARBS RIO DE JANEIRO (UP)— Pre- sident Juscelino Kubitschek, a practicing physician before enter- ing politics, donned surgical garb again to assist an American spe- cialist in Brazil’s first operation utilizing an artificial heart. The operation was peformed suc- cessfully by Dr. Earl Kay, Cleve- land, Ohio specialist, on five-year- old Arthur de Sa Peixoto, who was suffering from a “septal defect.” The boy’s heart was stopped for about 20 minutes during which the artificial heart was employed, MEXICAN STUDENT HANGS HIMSELF MEXICO CITY (UP)— A 20- year-old high school student hang- ed himself because he was afraid of losing his sight. The body of Leopoldo Nifio Es- ponda, hanging from a rope tied to his hotel window, was discover- ed by other hotel occupants early this morning. Galecio Nifio Esponda, brother ARRIVING IN MIAMI from Ecuador, via APA, a group of prominent Ecuadoreans will make a good will tour of the United States, sponsored by Aerovias Panam& Airways. The group includes Manuel Correa, Chief of Civil Aeronautics Administration, and his wife; Lynn Jones, of the U. S. Department of Com- merce; J. A. Ferrarese, also of the Civil Aeronautics Administration of Ecuador; Rafael Aguirre and U. S. A. Government To Buy Great Quantities Of Nickel From Cuba materials. The Cuban American Nickel Co. will erect new mills in Cuba and in the United States. The Cuban mill will be erected. at Moa Bay, in the northeastern coast of the is- land. The metals will be produced through a new processing tried at a experimental smelter of the Free- port Sulphur Co., parent company of the Cuban American Nickel Co. High officials of the company said that annual production will reach 50 millions pounds of nickel and 4,400,000 pounds of cobalt. The Nickel Processing Company will be able to produce 50 millions pounds a year as a result of the work just finished. The new mach- inery is being tested now. The cost of the plan for incredsing produc- tion will be 37 millions dollars, The nickel extracted by this com- pany in Niquero is sent, in oxide form, to the new mill the National Lead Company — parent com- pany of the Nickel Processing Corp. — have in Crum Lynne, Penn., where it is converted in me- tallic nickel. Visa To Baptist Minister To Visit El Salvador Not Denied, Consul Says days to be extended. “The entry permit to the eoun- try for Rev. Phillips and his wife is expected at any moment,” Tra- bino declared. Phillips, 41-year old native of Jamaica, declared he had made ap- plication for a visa for a two-day visit to El Salvador in the company of his wife Miriam, Trabanino added that “every- thing is due probably to a mis- understanding,” and reminded that in many consulates the visa has to be requested up to 15 days in ad- vance, “In our country, for instance, there are many Salvadoreans who wish to visit the United States gnd have to wait a long time be- fore they get their visas,” the Consul pointed out. HEMISPHERIC EVENTS Latin American News in Brief of the suicide, said Leopoldo had been very despondent of late be- cause doctors had told him he was in danger of becoming totally blind. “Rather than become blind, he decided to commit suicide,” the brother said. ARGENTINA ESTABLISHES A NEW TERRITORY BUENOS AIRES (UP)— A pre- sidential decree reestablished the former national territory of Tierra del Fuego in the southern tip of Argentina. The territory includes the wedge of the Antarctic continent claimed by Argentina between the 25th and 74th meridians, as well as the Mal- vinas (Falkland) Islands and the South Georgia and Sandwich Is- lands, all of which are claimed by Britain. The Tierra del Fuego territory is thereby separated from the pro- vince of Santa Cruz, which had been set up earlier by the present Provisional government, with the capital at Rio Gallegos. (Photo by Gort) EISENHOWER GETS GREETING MESSAGE FROM KUBITSCHEK WASHINGTON, March 12 — (UP) President Eisenhower re- ceived today a message of greet- ing from Pres. Juscelino Ku- bitschek of Brazil which called for the continued cooperation between the two countries. The message was delivered to the president by Ambassador Hernani do Amaral Peixoto at a brief White House meeting. He was accompanied by Roy R. Ru- bottom Jr., acting Assistant Sec- retary of State for Inter Ameri- ean Affairs. Emerging from the President’s office after a 10-minute conver- sation, Peixoto told reporters the message expressed Kubitschek’s appreciation for all Eisenhower has done to bring the two coun- tries closer together. SETTLEMENT EXPECTED OF MINIMUM WAGES IN THE CANAL ZONE WASHINGTON, March 12 (UP) —The Federal minimum wage is- sue in the Panama Canal Zone now before the Labor Department might be settled this week, a par ovenes for the Department said. They said experts are studying the bid of Canal Zone stevedores for the $1 minimum through refus- al to load scrap aboard a Japanese vessel for the hitherto prevailing 60 cents an hour. The issue was presented to the Labor Department by the American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Workers Unions. If the Department-rules that the $1’ minumum wage must be paid in the Canal Zone, then the minu- mum wages would have to be paid from the date of violation, accord- ing to the wage laws, the spokes- man said. The Supreme Court ruled in 19- 48 that the minumum wage — now $1 an hour — must be paid any- where under the U. S. flag except in Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, and American Samoa. The Labor De- partment has not.made any efforts to date to enforce the law in the Canal Zone. This reorganization breaks up the Province of Patagonia which was created by ousted Dictator Juan D. Perén in 1955. As a national territory, Tierra del Fuego’ will depend directly from the Federal . Government. The seat of the territorial govern- ment will be Ushuaia, world’s southernmost town. MEXICAN WORKERS TO ASK’ FOR RAISE MEXICO CITY (UP)— The Textile Workers Union announced it will demand wage increases of 20 to 75 per cent in their forth- coming talks with employers on a new labor contract. Spokesman for the 10,000 textile workers throughout the country said the high cost of living is forc- ing the workers to demand “sub- stantial increase in present wages, which are no longer sufficient to meet the most basic needs.” The spokesman added that the new contract ‘must also include other social benefits, such as in- creased. vacations, better working tonditions and other, —_ % Eisenhower Requests one Million Dollars for the Bridge on Panamé Canal WASHINGTON, March 22 — (UP)— President Eisenhower ask ed Congress today to appropriate $1,000,000 to pay the cost of neces- sary work preparatory to con- structing a bridge over the Pana- ma Canal at Balboa. The request was included among a number of supplemental appro- priations which the President sent to the Congress today, asking that they be approved. When he submitted, on January 16, the regular budget. for fiscal 1958, — the President informed Congress that he later would send it a request for $1,000,000 supple- mental appropriation. His request today fulfilled that promise. Today’s request noted that con- struction of the bridge was auth- erized by an act which Congress passed last July 23. “The above mentioned law au- thorizes and directs the Panama Canal Company to construct or to cause to be constructed and to maintain and operate a high level bridge including approaches over the Panama Canal at Balboa, Canal Zone,” the supplemental appro- priations request explained. “The estimated total cost of construe- tion is $20,000,000. This proposed appropriation (the $1,000,000 re- quest) is to provide the agency (the Panama Canal Company) with tions, and other activities which are preliminary to construction of the bridge.” When the $1,000,000 is appro- priated, the President told Cn- gress, it should remain available until fully expended. When Eisenhower attended the Assembly of the American Presi- dents in Panama last July he signed, in a ceremony in the Unit- ed States Embassy, the July 23 Act authorizing construction of the bridge. Ricardo Arias, who then was President of the Republic of Panamé and was host to the other American Presidents, attended the signing ceremony. Arias now is Ambassador here. The Balboa bridge was among the undertakings assumed by the United States when the revised 19- 55 treaty was signed with Panama. President Eisenhower also asked Congress to appropriate $552,000 to Pay annuities to employes who assisted in the construction of the Panamé Canal, or their widows, and to widows of former employes in the lighthouse service. The request was among supple- mental appropriations which the President sent to the Congress to- day asking for approval. Eisenhower said the supplement- al appropriation was needed be- cause of legislation which increas- ed the annuities of the former Can- funds for sub-surface exploration, preparation of plans and specifica- al employes. New Chilean Ambassador Presents Credentials fo Pres. Eisenhower WASHINGTON, March 12 (UP) —The new Chilean Ambassador, Mariano Puga, presented his Let- ter-Credentials to President Ei- senhower, at the White House. The Ambassador was with the President for almost a quarter of an hour, accompanied by the Chief of Protocol Wiley T. Buchanan. Later, Puga told newspapermen: “To visit President Eisenhower for the first time is an experience to ‘be remembered all your life.” The Ambassador added that it pleased him to see that President Eisenhower is lively and strong. The President, he added, told him that he was ready to travel abroad if time allow him to do it. However, when asked if he has invited the President to pay a visit to Chile, Puga replied that his audience with the President was merely protocolar and was not aus- picious for an invitation of that kind. Puga arrived here last Saturday, and since that time there has been only one working day for the officials of the State Department. To present Letter-Credentials in such a short time is unusual. Nor- mally, a week or two elapse be- tween the arrival of an Ambassador and his first visit to the President. In this case, however, the proce- dure was sped because Eisenhow- er intended to leave for Florida, within one or two days to enjoy a little sunshine, rest and get rid of a cough that is annoying him for al- most two months, Later he is exe pected to fly to Bermuda to hold an interview with British Prime Minister, Harold-McMillan. Sugar Price Boom May Harm Cuba WASHINGTON, March 12 (UP)— The recent boom of sugar prices may have “harmful” long- range effects on the sugar grow- ing world — especially Cuba, the Agriculture Department reported. Those high prices, the depart- ment warned, may encourage in- creased world production with a down production in an effort to reduce her inventories and raise prices,” it said, “the rest of the world has increased production by about 25 per cent. “Sugar output in countries other than Cuba is now more than total world production in 1952, the year of Cuba’s record-breaking (7,964,- result that growers find themselves with another big surplus on their hands in future: years. That would create fresh prob- lems for sugar economies every- where, but would be most tragic for the world’s biggest sugar ex- porter, Cuba, the Department in- dicated. “While Guba has been holding STEEL CONVENTION IN MEXICO CITY MEXICO CITY (UP)— The se- cond National Convention of the iron and steel industry will meet in Veracruz March 17-23, it was announced. A large number of visitors from the United States, Canada, Latin America and Europe are expected 000 short tons) crop.” “World sugar production will continue to increase,” the depart- ment predicted. “If it continues upward at a faster rate than con- sumption, however, price difficul- ties for producers are certain to develop.” “The fact that output outside Cuba has increased so markedly — in spite of low world prices from 1953 to November 1956. — poses a ‘most perplexing problem for Cuba,” it said. “Unless there has been an enor- mous increase in sugar comsump- tion — an absolute increase in de- mand — it is unlikely that the high prices of-the past few months can be maintained. “But these high prices will be an incentive to even greater sugar production elsewhere in the world. Countries which may have been disinclined to expand their sugar subsidy programs, with world su- gar selling at 3.25 cents per pound may change their minds when pri- ces rise above 5.5 or six cents a pound... “The immediate benefits to Cu- to attend the convention as guests and unofficial observers. © The present state of the industry and future plans for expansion and modernization will be discussed during the week-long meeting. BRITISH EXPOSITION IN MEXICO CITY MEXICO CITY (UP)— The Brit- ish Chamber of Commerce here plans to inaugurate a permanent exposition of British industrial pro- ducts in México it was reported. The exposition will open the end of this month or beginning of April it will include machnery for the textile industry, vehicles, chemic- al products, water heaters, radios, high-fidelity record players and others, ba from ‘high world sugar prices are obvious. The long run effects, however, may well be harmful.” CUBAN GOVT. MUST APPROVE WORKERS HAVANA, March 12 (Special to THE AMERICAS DAILY)—A Presidential Decree regulates 4 i