Diario las Américas Newspaper, February 6, 1957, Page 10

Member Inter American Press Association For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity Inter - American News for English- ° Speaking people For a better understanding between the Americas G. A SAN ROMAN President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher Cc. W. Vice Eliseo Riera-Gomez Advertising and Circulation Mgr. President SMITR 8. SMITR Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE Vice President. Editor and Manager Antonio Ruiz Managing Editor Published daily except Monday — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miami Springs, Fla., on February 8, 1956. EDITORIAL A TRIUMPH OF FREEDOM OF THE PRESS IN One year has just passed since the leading news- AMERICA paper “La Prensa” of Buenos Aires started publica- tion again, when it was returned to its legitimate owners and was reitnegrated to the normal life of free and independent journalism, after the downfall of the regime of General Perén. It is convenient to meditate on this fact, the proportions of which acquired historical importance. The case of the persecution against “La Prensa” and other important Argentine newspapers was discussed and condemned by all the free peoples of the civilized world, especially in America. The Inter American Press Association struggled with all its publicity and moral resources to:achieve this action of just recovery, to have this newspaper, arbitrarily taken from their owners and from demo- cracy, accomplishing once more its mission of culture and freedom. During several years the [APA maintained very high the banner of the struggle. That attitude of the continental organization assisted, in a good measure, in the development of events that culmi- nated in the return to its owners of that great Argentine newspaper, outstanding for its work during many decades and, besides, for the unjust and systematic persecution of which it was a victim. The case of “La Prensa” of Buenos Aires should be considered as an example of immense political significance in Latin America. It is the proof that the ideas are the ones which are everlasting when they are inspired by honesty of principles. It is une- quivocal evidence that Governments are transitory and that the press remains, even when it has to face sorrowful periods of short-lived persecution. The independent press of America has joyously celebrated the first anniversary of the re-appearance of the great Buenos Aires daily, of world wide pres- tige, which for the Spanish speaking peoples has always been a good reason for pride, because of its high moral and cultural category. In the same way that “La Prensa” returned to its daily tasks, some day we will see the return of great bearers of Colombian culture such as “El Tiempo” and “El Espectador”, to accomplish their mission of information and orientation in that enlightened South American Republic, It is to be hoped that examples such as the ones ‘ve are commenting will serve to give the alert to all Latin America, so that, within the norms of an adequate and civilized way of life, sober journa- lism can develop in our continent without unrest that may limit its freedom. Cuba Requests U. N. to Prevent the Deportation of Hungarians to China UNITED NATIONS, Feb. 5 (UP) Cuba told the Special Committee for the Hungarian problem that “it is indispensable to take meas- ures that would impede deporta- tion of 40,000 Hungarians to China. Dr. Emilio Nijfiez Portuondo, in a letter to Alsing Andersen, Presi- dent of the Special Committee, re- ports that the Hungarian Ameri- can Federation and the American and Hungarian Women League, boht of New York, have informed him that the Communist govern- ment in Budapest “is preparing the deportation of 40,000 Hungarians to China.” “I am, respectfully, calling the attention of the Committee — says Nufiez Portuondo — to the fact that the whole civilized world is ex- pecting its first Report to be able to debate in the General Assembly, the tragic Hungarian situation. “It is an evident fact — he adds — that in Hungary, in less than two weeks, more human beings have lost their life than the total of those who have lost it in the cases of Egypt, Algiers and Cy- pruss which have worried us so much. In some many words, it is in dispensable to take measures that will, at least, impede the deporta- tion of these 40,000 Hungarians to China. “If the United Nations tolerate these deportations — ends the dip- lomat —, if nothing is done to stop it, it will lose a great part of its moral strength before the interna- tional public opinion. Advt. VENEZUELAN INVESTORS Venezuelan industrial promote immediate contacts with North Am wish to establish ican financiers in- terested in investing in our country, for the promotion and establishment of businesses and industries without competition and with the possibility of obtaining a margin of net profit of more than 50% of the capital invested onnually. For detailed and complete information, please write te the following address: “OFICINA GENERAL DE INVERSIONES” (“GENERAL INVESTMENTS OFFICE”) GENERAL INVESTMENTS Avenida 15 N?.83-11 Maracaibo - Venezuela MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 6, 1957 KNOW THY NEIGHBOR By ANTONIO RUIZ EL SALVADOR — The earliest literature of El Salvador is found in the melancholy songs and le- gends of the Indians, which were gathered by word of mouth by the missionaries and chroniclers. Dur- ing the colonial regime and up to the middle of the 19th. century, classicism reigned supreme and perfection of form was the measure of literary achievement. Prominent figures of this period were Miguel Alvarez Castro, who defended the tights of the people in delicate, correctly-formed verses, and En- tique de Hoyos, whose political art- icles, written in a biblical style, helped shape the public opinion of his day. The classical period ended with the work of Ignacio Gémez — a lawyer, legislator, philosopher, traveler, lover of science, journal- ist and poet — whose pen did much to popularize scientific, phi- iosophical, esthetic and _ ethical ideas. Among the many emiment ro- mantic writers of El Salvador dur- ing the last half of the 19th. cen- tury are Antonio Guevara Valedes, a satiric poet and critic; Francis- co Galindo, a master of oratory and co-founder of the National Thea- tre; Rafael Reyes, a historian, edu- eator and champion of the liberal ideals; Salvador Carazo and Ma- nuel Mayora Castillo, writers on national customs; and Antonio Ga- lindo, a poet who sang of the tropics. Modernism in El Salvador began with the work of Vicente Acosta, whose poetry reveals a_ liberal viewpoint and a keen insight into the nature of things. Prose writing has achieved a notable develop- ment in the current century, and its greatest exponent has been Al- herto Masferrer, educator, apostle, journalist, and poet whose versa- tile pen accounted for “Ensayo So- bre'el Destino (Essay on Destiny), “Leer y Escribir” (Read and Write) “La Cultura por Medio del Li- bro” — (Culture Through Books), and “La Religién Universal” (Uni- versal Religion). Salvador Salazar Arrie, more famous as a. painter, has also distinguished himself in the literary field. Among his works are two volumes of short stories, “Eso y Mas” (That and More) and “Cuentos de Barro” (Mud Short Stories). share in one of the greatest pre- Hispanic civilization, the Mayan. The national territory has yielded carved steles, richly decorated tem- ples, and pottery in anthropo- morphic and zoomorphic forms, covered with vivid glyphs and pic- ture writing to provide plenty of puzzles to modern archaeologists. The fine volcanic ash covering so much of the land is largely re- sponsible for the preservation of these interesting relics of a cul- tural past, which thus escaped the fanatical zeal of the Spaniards in- tent on destroying cuerything they found in the new land that might perpetuate what they con- sidered diabolical. cults. So successful were the colonizers in their program of extirpating na- tive artistic manifestations, that it was not until after the middle of the XVI century that the decora- tive arts began to spring up once more in the land. At that time the seat of learning was the city of Guatemala, headquarters of the captaincy general of the entire isthmian region, and Salvadorean residents who attained any degree of eminence in the arts and the professions received their training and inspiration in that center, both during the colonial era and for some time later. Spanish Version Page 3 HOLDUP SUSPECT SHOT IN MEXICO TIJUANA, Mex., Feb. 5 (UP)— James Edward Davis, 19, of Fort Worth, Tex., a suspect in two hold- up-shootings, was shot and killed when he and a companion tried to escape from jail, Mexican authori- ties said today. Police here said Davis was shot yesterday when he failed to obey orders to halt while trying to es- cape through a tunnel. His com- panion, tentatively identified as J. D. Pyle, 21, of Fort Worth, sur- rendered. Davis was jailed here in connec- tion with the Jan. 6 Tijuana hold- up-shooting of hotel manager Ma- rio Aguilera, who was wounded seriously. In nearby San Diego, Calif. Chief of Police Detectives Graham Roland said Davis also was want- ed in Fort Worth for questioning in the Christmas Eve robbery-slaying of Ralph Claybrook, a juke box firm operator. El Salvador can claim a good Lp 8 PANAMANIAN DELEGATES WITH OAS SECRETARY GENERAL WASHINGTON, D. C.—At the office of the Secretary General of the Organization of American States, Dr. José A. Mora (left) talking with him are: the Panamanian delegate to the recent meeting of the Inter American Committee of Presidential representatives, Dr. José Isaac Fébrega; the Ambassador of Panama to the OAS Council and to the White House, Ricardo Arias Espinosa, and Inocencio Galindo, assessor to Dr. Fabrega. — (Photo PAU) BUENOS AIRES, Feb. 5 (UP)— “La Prensa” publishes an editorial referring to the sentences imposed in Nicaragua at the end of the trial for complicity in the assassin- ation of President Anastasio So- moza. It refers in particular to the situation of the editor of the newspaper “La Prensa’ of Mana- U. S. BANK LOANS TO LATIN AMERICA WASHINGTON (UP)— The In- ternational Bank for Reconstruc- tion and Development reported to have made thirteen loans, for a total of $257,700,000 during the second semester of 1956. Each one of the loans was made known at the moment they were made. Four Latin American countries received loans. They were Chile, Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Uru- ay. The rest of the countries were: Australia (two loans); Austria (two loans); India; Italy; Japan (two loans) and Thailand. With these, the number of Ioans made by the Bank, since its found- ation reached 163. WASHINGTON, D. C. (PAU) — An exhibit of Caribbean art will be on display at the Pan Ameri- can Union from Feb. 6-24. The paintings, selected from nearly 1300 entered in the Alcoa Steamship Company’s Caribbean Art Competition, have been shown in Puerto Rico, the Dominican Re- public, Trinidad, Jamaica, Haiti, Venezuela, British Guiana, Suri- nam, Antigua, Martinique and Bar- bados during the past year. Last month they were on exhibit at the Delgado Museum in New Orleans. Top prize winners in the exhibit were selected by three eminent ARGENTINE TRADE BUENOS AIRES (UP)—. Ar- gentina’s foreign trade in 1956 left an unfavorable balance of $202 million, as compared with a $244 million unfavorable balance in 19- 55, complete official figures show. The figures. issued by the Fin- ance Ministry, also showed that ex- ports last December reached $90 million, the highest figure for any month in more than two years, re- flecting an upturn in exports of grain, wool and meat. The $42 million reduction in the trade deficit from 1955 to 1956 was the result of a $57 million re- duction in imports which more than offset a $17 million decline in exports. Imports of petroleum products rose $47 million last year from 19- 55, as a result of which Argentina’s trade deficit with Venezuela was $71 million. Machinery imports al- so rose $45 million, gua, who has been sentenced to 40 months in jail. The editorial says: “As can be remembered the as- sassination of the President of Ni- caragua last year was followed by a period of persecutions and arrests against opponents to the Govern- ment. The declaration of state of siege in the country and the es- tablishment of press censorship, all were tending to find accompli- ces of the author of the crime, who was killed on the spot, and the threads of an alleged or real rebelion against the authorities. “A number of persons were brought to trial under different ac- cusations before a Military Court, the origin of which is a regulation enacted for the Nicaraguan Na- tional Guard by the U. S. Army of occupation during the decade of 1920, which still would be in ef- fect. “That Military Court gave its verdict a few days ago, and sen- tenced 16 citizens to penalties ranging from 15 year to 40 months in prison, with the loss of civil rights. In spite of the military character of the court, it seems that appeal in the regular courts Caribbean Art Exhibition Starts Today at the Pan American Union New York judges: Hyatt Mayor of the Metropolitan Museum of Art; Vernon C. Porter of the National Academy of Design; and John Gor- don of the Brooklyn Museum of Art. Differing greatly in subject and technique, the paintings, executed in oil, watercolor and tempera, re- present contemporary artistic trends in Barbados, the Leeward Islands, the Netherlands Antilles, Venezuela, Surinam, British Guia- na, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, the French West In- dies, Jamaica, the U. S. Virgin Is- lands, and the’ Windward Islands. HEMISPHERIC EVENTS Latin American N On the other hand, there were reductions in imports of timber and lumber, of $55 million; iron products, $26 million; textiles, $23 million; chemicals, $17 million. BRITAIN TO ESTABLISH AN “EXIMBANK” BUENOS AIRES (UP)— Britain is planning to establish an Export- Import Bank on the lines of the famous Washington institution, Sir Arthur Evans, chairman of the An- glo-Brazilian Association of Lon- don said. Sir Arthur also told a news con- ference that British financial cir- cles are interested in the forma- tion of companies in Latin Ameri- ca with mixed British and , local capital. He pointed out in that con- nection that the British Govern- ment had just authorized the noted British thread firm of J. P. Coats to invest a further $1,344,000 in “La Prensa’ of Buenos Aires Defends Nicaraguan Editor Sentenced to Jail South America’s Leading Newspaper Declares in Editorial That Journalist Did Not Commit a Crime For Which he Was Sentenced has been granted. “Among those sentenced is the distinguished journalist, editor of “La Prensa” of Managua and mem- ber of the Inter American Press Association, who is accused of concealing an attempt of rebellion, the only remaining charge, and for which he got a sentence of 40 months in prison. “Such qualification of the crime would imply punishing those who do not denounce to the authorities the news they may have about con- spiracies, rebellions, ete. “In Nicaragua, where perpetua- tion of a family in the Government of the country has created a clim- ate of political unrest, revealing the democratic spirit and. the passive resistance of the citizens to pre- vailing conditions, if all reports on conspiracies were to be denounced, innumerable would be the presen- tations of that kind. But in the majority of the penal codes, the duty to inform authorities about any. reports on a crime only exists regarding the persons under obli- gation to do so by their profession or employment. To interpret it in another manner, would mean to impose squealing as a system for defense of society and the con- stituted order. i “The circumstance that the editor of ‘La Prensa’ did not reveal that he had knowledge of plans of alteration of public order, would be considered, according to pub- lished reports, concealing an at- tempt of rebellion. But, even sup- posing the obligation to reveal the knowledge of criminal plans would extend to private citizens, to refrain from denouncing them could not be a crime. It is a crime against administration of justice to hide a criminal or to facilitate his escape to avoid justice, to cause disappearance of clues or evidence of the crime, ete. The simple omis- sion of information is a passive at- titude which does not interfere with the action of justice. It is to be hoped, therefore, that the high which is well to suppose will have a marcial criterium, gives a ver- dict corresponding to the facts, which do not constitute crimes.” court which resolves the case, and: Delegate to United UNITED NATIONS, Feb. 5 (UP) — Chile, while advocating for the creation of the United Nations Special Fund for Economic De- velopment (UNSFED), opined that the American Regional System have not functioned with “efficacy and fruitfullness” in the social and economic fields. Sergio Recabarren, Chilean De- legate at the General ~ Assembly Economic and Financial Commit- tee, stressed the invariable adhe- sion of his country to the Ameri- can Regional System, which “is and has been considered as a special modality of multilateral relations. “The Chilean Government — he added — have declared itself traditionally adherent of the multi- lateral accords and solutions in the international level.” Recabarren pointed out that Chi- le submitted, eight years ago, the initiative for the creation of the UNSFED, and commented: “Chi- le sees today compensated its sus- tained struggle with excessive gen- erosity, when she observes with pleasure that 39 countries, of a to- tal of 80 nations represented here, suscribed it as co-authors. In this form it is not exaggerated to ex- pect that the Special Fund will at- tain, very soon, all the unanimous- ly applauded Technical Aid char- acteristics, also a Chilean initiative, that today spread its generous be- nefits on the five continentes, Regarding the Inter American Regional Organization, Recabarren opined: In honor to the truth, I must declare that the American Regional System has not function- ed, up to this date, with the effi- cacy and fruitfullness which its progenitors imagined. If it has been fertile in the generation of politic- BOGOTA, Feb. 5 (UP)— The President of the Republic, Lt. Gen. Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, warned that he will not hesitate to employ “all means at my disposal” against those who pretend to revive the corrupt customs prevailing before he. took power. During a popular demonstration in the town of Arbeléez, the Pre- sident undoubtedly referred to ex presidents Mariano Ospina Pérez, conservative, and Alberto Lleras Camargo, liberal, who criticised the announcement that General Ro- CUBA - U. S. A. SIGN INDUSTRIAL PACT HAVANA, Feb. 5 —(Special to THE AMERICAS DAILY) — A pact has been signed between Cu- ba and the United States, in ac- cordance with the latter’s program of investments of private capital for the establishment of new in- dustries abroad. Although the Cuban Constitution and Laws offer solid guarantees against illegitimate expropiation, exacting previous indemnization to the interested party and complete freedom of exchange, the Govern- ment wanted to participate in the program, adhered to already by more than 30 countries and so the pact was signed to offer additional guarantees to United States in- vestors who will establish new bu- siness here. It will be in force when ratified by the Senate. ews in Brief the expansion of its local produc- meeting and that, therefore, the tion here, TWO CENTENARIES DIED IN CUBA H_VANA. (Special to the AME- RICAS DAILY). Reports from Ca- magiiey said taht Antonio Colla- do Ramos, 100 and José Sanchez Moran, 107, residents in the Siba- nicu village, died in that city. NO VISA FOR REDS IN MEXICO MEXICO CITY (UP)— The Me- xican Government refused to grant visas to 24 foreign delegates to a commumist-sponsored congress scheduled to meet here it was an- nounced. Delegates from 17 countries were to have attended a world as- sembly called by the Mexican Council of Youth Organizations. Interior Department officials said no official permit was re- quested to hold the international department refused the requested visas. CHILDREN MUST GO TO CATHOLIC SCHOOLS SAN JOSE, Costa Rica (UP)— Any Catholic Costa Rican parent who sends his children to non Catholic schools faced automatic excomunication today. The order, issued by Msgr Rn- bén Odio, archbishop of San José, came as a surprise to many because Costa Rica has been known for its religious tolerance. Many Protest- ant sects are active here and there are several well-attended schools under Protestant auspices. ARGENTINA SUFFERS WORST HEAT WAVE BUENOS AIRES (UP)— Resi- dents of this Argentine capital wilted today under a 108 degree temperature for the second suc- cessive day, NUMBER 174 American Regional System Has Not Functioned Well in Economic Field Declares Sergio Recabarren, Chilean Nations Committee al and military commitments for Latin America, it has shown itself frivolous and avaricious in ad- vantages and realities, of economic and social volume and contents, for that portion of the Hemisphere.” ARGENTINA SUBMITS DIFFERENT PROJECT UNITED NATIONS, Feb. 5 (UP) — Argentina proposed creation of an organization to assume the re- sponsibility to promote financing, witk public funds, of essential pro- jects which cannot be financed by existing inter gubernamental fin- ancial institutions. The Argentine fomula, submitted to the Economic and Financial committee of the U. N. General Assembly, has as declared objec- tive “to harmonize two conceptions which do not coincide regarding immediate, practical action in this field.” Argentina proposes creation ‘of an organization, not a fund, to pro- mote among the member countries of the United Nations and their specialized agencies the financing of projects submitted to and ap- proved by the organization. The organization suggested by Argentina will anlyise the cha- racteristics and merits of these re- quests. Once the request has been approved by the proposed organiza- tion, the latter would be in charge of obtaining the financial resour- ces needed, negotiating with the Governments who have shown dis- Position to contribute to the finan- cing and, after discussing the pro- ject with these countries and its subsequent approval, the funds would be placed ta the order of the requesting country through a special agreement. Gen. Rojas Pinilla Gives Strong Warning fo Colombian Opposition jas Pinilla will continue in power until 1962 at the request of the armed forces. Ex president Lleras Camargo had declared that the Liberal Party does not accept the re-election of General Rojas Pinilla and that it will struggle against it “with all means at its disposal.” Lleras is head of the party. The Chief Ex- ecutive asked those participating in the demonstration: “Never open your doors to those sowing discord, nor fear those who uselessly have struggled and continue struggling to revive the corrupt customs pre- vailing before the 13th. of June, even though they try to combat ‘with all the means at their dis- Posal,’ because these means will be useless and outside the law and will be repressed and sanctioned by the authorities.” The General added: “Be certain that while the Divine Providence does not abandon me and the bi- nomial people-armed forces con- tinues supporting me in the task of reconstructing and saving the Republic, without hesitation I will employ all the means I have at my disposal, so that the principles of peace, justice and freedom will always be the best guarantee of fraternity and will embody the re- newed promise that I will continue governing catholically, and nation- ally for the benefit of the people.” The President made new attacks on the “old democratic disorder,” as different from “the new repub- lican order” he sponsors, and criti- cised the former leaders of public opinion. TROOPS AND TANKS PATROL STREETS IN PORT - AU - PRINCE PORT AU PRINCE, Haiti (UP) —Armed troops and tanks today patrolled the streets of Port au Prince where the public resorted to the second general strike in two months to get rid of an unpopular president. No incidents were reported and tourists visiting Haiti were report- ed safe although inconvenienced by closed shops and crippled trans- portation. Plane service out of the country was halted. The public’s strike foreed the re- 'signation of Joseph Nemours Pier- re Louis, who assumed the tempor- ary office in December. A simil. strike had ousted Dictator Paul E. Magloire then. However, acceptance of Pierre Louis’ resignation was held up un- til Haiti’s political leaders can agree on a provisional president who can bring the paralyzing strike to an end. There are seven candid- ates in the still unscheduled gen- eral election. Congress is meeting tonight to elect another provision- al president, :