Diario las Américas Newspaper, January 8, 1957, Page 10

Inter - American News for English- Speaking people @. A. SAN ROMAN President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher Eliseo Riera-Gomez Advertising and Circulation Mgr. c. W. SMITH Vice President 8. SMITH Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE Vice President, Fditor and Manager Antonio Ruiz Managing Editor LT Published daily except Monday — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miami Springs, Fla., on February 8, 1956. EDITORIAI GREAT RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS With the occasion of the recent installation of a new Congress of the United States, it is opportune to make some brief comments regarding the serious and immense responsibilities of that high legisl>tive | body, considering its coe tational iba | above all, taking into consideration the indepen = _*e) with which that all important organ of Puolic | N E I G H B 0 R | ce. Power functions in the United States. Both in this country and abroad everybody | knows that the Congress exercises in full all its, legislative functions with a high sense of civic res- ponsibility, with honest political criterium and free from all pressure, except that which can have a place in an authentic democracy. No matter how strong, politi cally, the President of the Republic may be, in the discharge of his duties he never exercises any influence on Congress) that may be incompatible with the independence} which must exist between the Legislative and Execu- tive powers, within a well respectful of its juridical This independence of the Legislative Power in. organized Republic really structure. the United States, and that unanimous respect for its decisions—all of them according to the Constitu- tion and the Laws of the Republic—forces all and} every one of the members of Congress to assume an| immense historical responsibility in their official) acts, because from them depends, in a great measure, | the future destiny of the Nation. ; On the other hand, this responsibility of United States Senators and Representatives is not only in relation to the fate of national life, but in fact, for widely known reasons, they are intimately related with the lot of humanity, in proportion with the fundamental problem of world peace. The attitude of the United States Congress is of the upmost im- portance in what may be the skill or error in the part of the Washington government in the matter of international policy, the equilibrium of which in- terests all the people of The Senators and Congressmen in the Union) the Earth. Capitol, on account of their high official investiture, have the duty to dedicate themselves, in full and with patriotic sincerity, to their work. And, because not only that sincerity is required, but also a full knowledge of national and international affairs of the country; they must engage themselves in thor- ougly studying these problems, so their vote, in their respectives Chambers, may answer, within a straight patriotic conduct, the realities confronting the nation. A scrupulous civic conscience and also an adequate knowledge of all the prablems, the study and solution of which is the essence of their official duties, is needed. Fortunately, the United States Senators and Representatives attain their high posts through the popular will, expressed honestly in free elections and, consequently, their obligations are with the people and with the Fatherland. There is nothing to impede them to comply with this mission, very noble and republican, to defend the national interests as much in the orbit of internal activities as in that of international politics. Latin American Travel Made Easier NEW YORK, Jan. 7 —(UP)— Tourist travel in Latin America has been made easier by elimina- tion of excessive “red tape”, en- forced before by several Latin American governments, states the magazine “Newsweek” in its last edition. “Now is summer in South Amer- iea —it adds— which means that every North American lover of the bright Sun, is preparing his lug- gage to take advantage of it in the South American countries.” “Newsweek” recalls all the do- cuments, an infinite number of them, that were necessary when applying for a visa, up to relative- dy a short time aga, to visit a Latin American country. Some progress was attained. before the second World War, but the conflagration did nothing but to multiply the bureaucratic procedure. “At the end of the World War Il —it adds— it was necessary to start all over again. Govern- ment or semi-official organisms participated in the effort: The Organization of American States (OAS), the World Health Organi- zation (WHO), the United Nations (UN), the Aero-Co-ordination Com- mission (ACC) of the U. S., the Inter-American Turism Congress and the Turism National Commis- sons, The Traveling Division of the OAS carried on a particularly effective work. “The highest point arrived on March 25, 1949. On that date the International Civil Aviation Organ- ization’ (ICAO) adopted a series of proposals entitled “Recommended Patterns and Practices of Facilita- tion”, which were published as a pamphlet denominated ‘Annex Nine”. For “Newsweek”, Annex Nine is the Tourist Emancipation Procla- mation, “the end of endless reams of bureaucratic documents and of time, money and tranquility wast- ed.” “Brazil was one of the countries which took longer to accept the recommendations of Annex Nine and which, until four years ago “exacted from each passenger to promise in writing not to engage in plots against the Government. To comply with this, each visitor had to fill up 16 documents with 214 questions.” Today, he enters the country with a simple “Tour- ist Card, small pox vaccination cer- tificate and two pictures. “Argentina progressed also. Be- fore, she required that each plane presented 23 copies of a formulae with the complete name of all pas- sengers, plus the visas and several other documents. And the line, automatically, was fined for any abreviations in the names. “At Montevideo the plane had to stay 40 minutes, while the author- ities verified the 572 documents required for a flight of 65 minutes to Buenos Aires, Today, with a North-American passport, the tour- ist is able to enter Argentina with a landing-sailing card from ICAO, a Tourist card and the customary anti small pox vaccination certifi- cate” qd, | For a better understanding between the Americas Sen. Mansfield Advocates United Nations Control for the Panama Canal WASHINGTON, Jan. 7 —(UP) Ie Senator Mike Mansfield, in jcharge of watching for his Party interests in the Upper House, and KNOW THY || By ANTONIO RUIZ PARAGUAY — The sité chosen | |by the Spanish conquerors for the} jfounding of Asuncién, capital of | Paraguay, was on the wooded east- jern bank of the Paraguay River, |just north of its-junction with the Pileomayo, at a point where it jwidens to form a_ beautiful bay. The Guarani Indians inhabiting that | fertile country of forest and pas-| ture-land, distinguished themsely- es from other tribes in that, while| they were hunters and fishermen like all Indians, they also develop- ed agriculture to a certain degree. Their methods were very crude, but they enabled them to lead a somewhat settled life. Across the river, in the less productive flat and marshy region now called the} Chaco, the Agacés, the Guacurties and the Payaguaes led the comple- tely nomadic life of the hunters, as their descendants do to this day. The conquerors, wisely deciding to ally themselves with the more advanced . Guaranis, immediately strengthened the pact by taking to themselves the women whom the chieftains presented to them. These women, besides becoming the pro- lifie mothers of a hardy race, oc- cupied themselves and their re- latives in cultivating the lands on the outskirts of Asuncién, ‘Each family of importance, along with its unpretentious town dwel- ling, maintained land and _ build- ings close by outside. Here the children grew up and their Spanish fathers spent what leisure cireum- stances allowed. Relaxation must have been a rarity, however, for not only were new colonies having to be settled along the Paraguay, but the alliance with the Guara- nis carried with it the necessity of constantly renewed skirmishes with other tribes. From the pecu- liar circumstances of the early set- tlement, the inhabitants acquired both a father and a mother tongue, and at present the natives of Asun- cién are equally familiar with the Spanish and Guarani languages. The 17th century brought two events of major importance to the capital of Paraguay. While Her- nando Arias de Saavedra was Gov- ernor, the first Creole in Latin America to hold such an honor, the Crown at his suggestion separated the administration of Paraguay from that of Rio de la Plata by a decree of December 16, 1617. Her- nandarias, as he was called, seeing the futility of the perpetual con- flict with the Indians, conceived the idea of their spiritual conquest. To this end, at his request, the King sent out the first Jesuit mis- sionaires. Besides erecting reli- gious houses at Asuncién, they dev- eloped in the richest part of what was then Paraguay a quantity of mission settlements called “reduct- ions” whose prosperity aroused the jealousy of contemporary Pa- raguayans elsewhere and, accord- ing to their prepossession in regard to the Jesuits, provoked the fury or admiration of later Paraguayan his- torians. Embitterment against the Jesuits entered as the secondary factor into a series of rebellions by. the in-| habitants of Asuncion that lasted | from 1721 to 1735. A Governor} sent out from Spain, disliking the} prospect of office, had with royal approval sold his post to a citizen of Asuncién named Reyes, who proved unacceptable to the inha- bitants. During the long struggle to obtain his removal Reyes al- lied himself with the Jesuits. The party of the people became known as the “Comuneros” on ac- count of the doctrine of their lead- er, Antequera, expressed in the slogan: “The will of the common people is sovereign over that of all others even of the King him- self.” The Jesuits, after having been forcibly ejected from their houses several times by the angry people, were finally reinstated in 1735 when the Governor of Bue- nos Aires, with an army of 6,000 veterans, succeeded in imposing order, By their revolt, however, the Paraguayans lost the right they had cherished of electing their own governor. MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA., TUESDAY, JANUARY 8, 1957 also one of the outstanding mem- bers of the Committee of Foreign | Affairs of same, declared, in a na- tion-wide television program that |the United States “could very well jstart to think about the interna- |tionalization of the Panama Ca nal.” | He affirmed that, in his opinion, that Canal should be put under SUGGEST U. S. A. ATTEND MEETING IN BUENOS AIRES RIO DE JANEIRO —(UP)— The United States should attend the’ proposed Buenos Aires con- ference on the defense of the South Atlantic in order to prevent the splintering of Hemisphere de- fenses into “small fragile groups,” |a'semi-official organ said. Diario Carioca outlined in a front page editorial what was interpreted generally as Brazil’s official think- ing regarding the proposed South jAtlantic Treaty Organization (SA- TO). The newspaper said the proposal was being examined by military and technical experts but that a |the control of the United Nations, “as nobody can ever say when an-| |other Nasser may appear”. | He stressed that all the nations | of the world, big and small, merit a “just opportunity” in the use of the world’s important canals. He also said that there are many Possibilities that Nasser, when the Suez Canal is cleared and reopen- ed, will not permit. Great Britain to use it. He declared that this is an example of why the Panama Ca- decision was still remote. It said Brazil also opposed the formation of small defense groups | because, “in view of our economic and financial situation, they will serve only to further aggravate the present crisis by creating heavy demands on the people’s economy.” In view of these circumstances, the editorial said, and “despite the Argentine government's insistence, Brazil will be able to take part in the meeting only in a remote fu- ture, after the chiefs of staff of the Army, Navy and Air Force nal and other similar ways, should be internationalized. conclude their examination of the matter.” MANAGUA, Jan. 7 — (UP) — The Foreign Office has addressed a note to México and El Salvador, asking for the provisional detent- ion of some persons connected with the trial for the assassination of General Anastasio Somoza. Nicaragua has asked México to arrest Col, Manuel Gomez and Her- nan Robleto, according to the norms established’ in the Inter American Convention on Extradi- tion of 1933. Regarding El Salvador, the For- eign Office asked the provisional detention of ex members of the National Guard, Capt. Adolfo Alfa- ro, lieutenants Noel Bermidez, Guillermo Duarte, Julio Alonso, Raul Jiménez, Guillermo Marenco and Rafael Valle, and civilians Jo- sé Leén Montes, César Augusto Miranda and Virgilio Godoy. Nica- ragua invoked the Central Amer- ican Convention on Extradition of Called Beneficial WASHINGTON —(UP)— Puerto Rico was pointed out as an example of how a territory, given Common- wealth status by mutual consent, benefits all concerned, in a report released by the Brookings Institute. The report of the Institute, a well-known non-Government con- nected economic and political re- seach organization with headquart- ers here, noted, however, that the Commonwealth status now enjoyed by Puerto Rico could still be fur- ther improved. This can be done, the report said, by granting Puerto Rico and other commonwealths, representation in the enactment of federal laws that are to apply to it. The report added: : “Such representation could be provided without amending the United States Constitution: “1—By granting each Common- Nicaragua Requesting Extradition of Numerous Political Opponents 1923, the Bustamante Code of 1928, and the Inter American Convention on Extradition of 1933. All the conventions establish the right of the countries to request as a previous measure the detention of the persons against whom they will later send formal requests of extradition. In these. instruments it is established specifically that the attempts against Chiefs of State are not a political crime, which would not be subject to extradition, but a common crime. NEW AMBASSADORS MANAGUA, Jan. 7 —(UP)—Ale- jandro Argiiello Montiel was ap- pointed Nicaraguan Ambassador in Venezuela. Other diplomatic appointments were: Ignacio Roman, Ambassador in Honduras; Mariano Barreto Porto- carrero, Ambassador in.the Dom- inican Republic, and Adrian Cua- dra, Ambassador in Peru. Puerto Rico’s. Commonwealth Status to Both Nations “2By requiring each House of Congress to vote separately on the application of a measure to a ter- ritory if objection thereto is raised by it’s territorial representative; “3—By requiring in the event of such objection a vote larger than a simple majority for any such measure to apply. “Such: Congressional representa- tion would also contribute great- ly to perfecting the Commonwealth status of Puerto Rico,” the report said. The report stated that since 1945 about 500,000,000 people from 28 territories have achieved independ- ence of selfgovernment. Among these 28 territories, 19 independent nations have emerged and 13 areas have been either in- corporated into the metropolitan area of an existing state, or have become associated by mutual con- wealth nonvoting representation in Congress; HEMISPHERIC EVENTS TOURISTS EXPENDITURES SET RECORD IN MEXICO MEXICO CITY —(UP)—Foreign tourists spent about. $400 million in México in 1956 and Mexican tourists spent about $200 million abroad, it was announced. The $200 million favorable bal- ance on tourist expenditures make up for nearly two-thirds of Mé- xico’s $294,680,000 unfavorable for- eign trade balance for 1956, when imports totalled $878,912,000 and exports $584,232,000, U. 8S. CATTLE PRICE FOUND TOO HIGH MEXICO CITY —(UP)— Many Mexican cattlemen who traveled to southwestern United States to buy registered cattle in drought- stricken areas came home empty- handed because of the high prices asked by North American. cattle- men, the National Livestock Union (Continued tomorrow) Spanish Version Page 3 said. sent with the state that formerly exercised colonial authority. Latin American N from several Mexican states want- ed to buy registered animals to improve their herds, using a $5 million credit granted recently by. the U. S. Export Import Bank for the purpose. However, officials said, demand for the animals increased sharply in the past few weeks and prices went up. MORE FREEDOM IN ARGENTINE MOVIES BUENOS AIRES —(UP)— The Argentine government moved to insure freedom of expression through motion pictures, A clause in a new Motion Pic- ture Code promulgated by exec- utive decree provides that no film can be banned or cut “without a court order, issued by a competent judge after due process of law.” The Code also provides for a sys- tem of obligatory showing of Ar- gentine films in this country, on a Union officials said cattlemen scale which varies in accordance Guatemala to Have Highway Network in Near Future MEXICO, Jan. 7 —(UP)— The Mexican Government has received an invitation to send official re- presentation to the inauguration of the Guatemalan section of the Pan American Highway, which will take place next June. The report was issued by an of- ficial of the Guatemalan Foreign Office, Juan Pinillos, who return- ed yesterday to his country after a brief visit of this capital. Pinillos said that at the end of the Presidential term of Col. Car- los Castillo Armas, Guatemala will have a modern highway network with approximately 2,000 Ks. He added the network will con- sist of three main highways: The Pan American, of 770 kilometers; the one in the Pacific, 225 Ks., and that of the Atlantic, of 500. The last one will connect the capital with the port of Santo Tomas. On the occasion of the inaugu- ration of the Guatemalan section of the Pan American Highway, nu- merous businessmen and. officials will make a good will trip to Mé- xico in a caravan formed by dozens of automobiles. MEXICANS TO PAY MORE RAILROAD CAR RENTAL MEXICO CITY —(UP)— The National Railways of México must pay an addition $10,400,000 a year to United States railroads for the rental of some 6,500 freight cars, officials said. They explained that beginning Jan. 1 the rental fee per car was increased from $2.40 to $2.75 per day, or 14.50 per cent. LAND SALE PROJECT IN ARGENTINA TO FINANCE RAILROADS BUENOS AIRES — (UP) A pro- ject to sell large tracts of unused land lying adjacent to the rail- roads to provide new capital for railway improvement, is being rush- ed in the Transport Ministry. The land alone, which Argentina bought with the railroads from the British and French was estimated to be worth as much as the tracks and rolling stock. Under the present plan, it is believed some 5,000,000,000 pesos will be raised by the sale of such real estate. In the northern su- burbs land is fetching between six hundred, an eight hundre pesos a square meter with much higher values nearer the center of the city. : Near the big freight yards at Colegiales, on the Mitre Line, in the heart of northern Buenos Ai- res, there are blocks and blocks of idle land owned by the railroad. They were originally to be used for further expansion until truck haulage took its toll of railroad freight. One plan is to sell this area for a model housing project to private builders or cooperative apart- ments, with the location and importance of individual movie houses, The system calls for obligatory exhibition of an Argentine news- reel with every show, in every house throughout the country. Argentine films are defined in the Code as those made 75 per cent or more in Argentine studios or locations and with the same pro- portion of acting and technical personnel. BANK DEPOSITS IN © MEXICO INCREASE MEXICO CITY —(UP)— Depo- sits on savings accounts in banks throughout México reached a rec- ord $120 million by the end of last November, the Bank of Com- merce reported, The amount showed an increase of more than $21 million over the corresponding 1955 figure. Twenty years ago, the Bank re- ican banks totalled only $2,080,000. Member Inter American Press. Association For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity \ NUMBER 149 Batista has Improved the Social, Economic and Moral Life of Cuba, Rey States Cuba is Now More Prosperous Than Ever, Interior Minister Declares Government Aware of Communist Danger, But it is Still “a Risk’, Minister Says WASHINGTON, Jan. 7 —(UP) —Minister of Interior Santiago Rey said today that since March 10, 1952; the Government of President Fulgencio Batista has achieved its goal of improving the social, econ- omic and moral life of Cuba. He said it had been a difficult task but that it had been achieved. He said the island is now. more prosperous than ever. Rey, who is here on an official visit by invitation of the U. S. De- partment of State, said he had come here primarily to compare and exchange. impressions of the methods .used by Cuba and the United States in the fight against communism. He said, in aswer to a reporter’s question, that communism in all countries of the world is “a danger” and added that in Cuba, although the Government is continually aware of the danger, it is never- theless “a risk”. Rey made his statement after conferring with acting assistant Secretary of State for Inter-Amer- ican Affairs Roy R. Rubottom, Jr., and deputy Undersecretary of State Robert Murphy. Immediately fol- lowing his talks at the State De- partment, Rey left for the Blair Blair House, the place where visit- ing heads of states stay, Rey was honored at a luncheon attended by high ranking officials of the U.S. Government, among whom were John Hollister, director of the In- ternational Cooperation Adminis- tration, and Vance Brand, of the Export-Import Bank. The lunch- eon was given by Rubottom. Following the luncheon, Rey’s program called for a talk.with the director of the United States In- formation Agency, Arthur Larson. Tomorrow Rey will visit Arling- ton National Cemetery where he will lay a wreath on the tombs of the victims of the Maine, the U. S. warship that blew up in Havana harbor prior to the start of the Spanish-American war. He also is expected to visit Mount Vernon, the home of George Washington. Cuban Ampassador Miguel Angel Campa will honor Rey at a re- ception later this week. Rey yesterday visited the famous skyline drive of the Virginia mountains and went to the well known caverns of Luray: He told reporters he enjoyed the beautiful scenery as well as the snow that had fallen. Referring also to the snowfall that covered this city this morning, Rey said it made his House, located across the street from the White House. At the CASTRO STILL Fl MEXICO CITY —(UP)— Cuban revolutionary leader Fidel Castro Ruz still is in Cuba fighting against the regime of President Fulgencio Batista, his sister said tonight. Lidia Castro Ruz, 42-year-old eld- er sister of the young student leader, said newspaper reports that Castro Ruz had fled to safety in México are “a hoax of Batista’s to create confusion among the rey- olutionists.” “My brother has not returned to México and has not given up his fight against the tyrant,” she added. a‘ “On the contrary, he has just told me that he is still very much alive and determined as ever to carry on the fight against the dic- tator.” The México City newspaper Ulti- mas Noticias said Castro Ruz had returned to México following the visit here more pleasant. GHTING IN CUBA failure of his uprising against Ba- tista. Ultimas Noticias reported Cas- tro Ruz and a small group of reb- els had reached the-shores of Quin- tana Roo territory, where he launched his invasion of Cuba in late November. Castro Ruz previously was re- ported killed in the fighting, ‘but his body was never found. Ultimas Noticias said two of the three rebel commando forces led by Cas- tro Ruz were wiped out by govern- ment troops, but that the leader and his group managed to get away in the Mexican yacht “Gramma”. The newspaper said *“it is known” that the 30-year-old ex student leader received $1,400,000 U. S. to finance his revolt, but did not. mention the source of the funds. — i U.S. Import From Lafin ‘America Showed Decrease During October WASHINGTON. (UP)—United States imports from 20 American Republics in October were valued at $272,200,000 compared to $306,- 000,000 in September, and $294,- 500,000 in October 1955, the Com- merce Department announced, Small gains in imports from Mé- xico, Guatemala, Chile and Argen- tina were offset by decreased: im- ews in Brief Better economic conditions and a “greater sense of responsibility among the people” have resulted in a big increase in savings, the Bank said. The average individual income in 1936 was only 231 pesos a year. In 1954, the Bank said, the figure had jumped to 2,055 pesos, (A peso equals 8 cents U. S.). MEXICANS STAGE. _ UNUSUAL STRIKE —__ CIUDAD MANTE, México —it) —Workers of this important sugar refining and alcohol distilling center staged a unique sit down strike. They sat down on the steps: of the local City Hall to prevent the entrance of Benito Goytortua to be sworn in as their representative on the local Labor Arbitration and Conciliation Board. Goytortua was appointed to the called, savings accounts on all Mexs| post, despite opposition from the workers; ports from Cuba, Colombia, Ecua- dor, Peri, Brazil and Uruguay. Sharpest declines were from thé principal cofee - exporting ¢oun- tries, Brazil and. Colombia. Venezuela and Brazil were the largest sources of imports, with volume about equal. United States export statistics were not published today. United States imports from in- -dividual countries in October com> pared to September included: From México, $29,800,000 against $28,600,000; Cuba, $31,300,000 against $36,500,000; Guatemala, $°)- 900,000 against $2,000,000; Cofom- bia $24,000,000 against $40,400,000, Venezuela, $59,600,000 against $56,- 700,000; Ecuador, $6,700,000 against $7,800,000; Perd,.$11,200,000 against $13,400,000; Bolivia, » $2,700,000 against $3,100,000; Chile, $21,500. 000 against $19,300,000; Brazil, $59,+ 700,000 against $79,200,000; Para- guay, $300,000 against $600,000; Uruguay, $700,000 against $1,100; 000; and Argentina, $9,100,000. against $7,700,000. ” United States import.from the ‘Netherlands — Antilles rose. from $16,600,000 in September to $23,- 500,000 in October. The reduced value of imports from Latin American Republics in ‘October was contrary toa. moderate rise in, United States world wide imports, United States imports from ali countries in October were $1,120, 000,000 compared to $992,700,000 in September, and $1,011,000,000 in j