Diario las Américas Newspaper, October 29, 1954, Page 8

Inter-American News for English- Speaking people 2nd Year Saar | EDITORIAL AN IMPORTANT CHANGE IN THE CONSTITUTION OF COLOMBIA In declarations te the press made by the Co- lombian Ambassador in the United States, doctor Eduardo Zuleta Angel, published by the AMERICAS DAILY in our yesterday’s edition, this renowned’ diplomat said that it had been necessary to make a} constitutional change that would allow the creation of the autonomous regional corporation of the: Cauca, in order to put into effect the vast plans of | economic progress in the country. It is undoubted that Colombian economy will enter a new and important stage with the develop- ment of the activities of this corporation that will make the important Cauca valley produce in a: methodical and efficient manner. It signifies an} gxtraordinary impulse to national economy. Regarding this news, it is fitting to remark on: the highly significant fact that it was wisely decided | to change the Constitution in order to facilitate the creation of this entity in conjunction with the Int-| ernational Bank. This example shown by Colombia should be studied in all the Spanish-American countries, since in all of them there generally prevail certain const-| jtutional and legal dispositions that make the econ-| omic cooperation of the International Bank dif-' ficult. As is known, this institution, of which the) Spanish-American Nations are partners, insists on} certain basic requirements from each State in part-| icular when receiving loans from the bank. And it is well to clarify that those loans are quite large. The requirements referred to, which generally ‘deal with the supervision of the investment of the} funds and technical guidance, are at times incomapt-| ible with some constitutional and legal procedures, , careful not to delegate to any entity, removed from) the government, certain powers that involve control | and jurisdiction. On the other hand, and it seems that this was a basic reason for the change in the Colombian Constitution, for the creation of modern entities of the desirable institutional flexibility of the Cauca) Valley Authority, it is,always necessary for the constitution and laws to open the way for these new instruments of progress. On many occasions, because of the nature of the State’s internal organ-| ization it is found that it is impossible to create an) autonomous entity with the characteristics of that mentioned, whereby the national economy is harmed. Naturally, these entities are the result of modern’ progress and of the advance of contemporaneous | economic technique and, therefore, it is essential, that constitutional and legal procedures do not become obstacles. In several Latin-American countries new dey-| elopment and credit institutions are being created that are opening promising avenues for national | economy. And although there has been certain res-| istance on the part of those who stick to antiquated | techniques, the modern idea is making itself felt and| is inspiring the creation of entities that tend to) “develop the economy of every country on solid bases. The Colombian government and the country in general has made a wise decision in adapting const-| itutional standards to those cases determined by contemporeaneous civilization and mentality. BEGINNERS’ SPANISH ’ By G. B. Palacin Professor of the University, of Miami Fla- LECCION DE INGLES fortificasen, of fortificar to fortify triunfalmente triumphally principal (adj.) principal Dinamarca, Denmark sufrid, of sufrir to suffer la burla jest, mockery lamenté, of lamentar to lament, to deplore eambié, of cambiar to change se despidié of despedirse to take leave, to say good-bye prometiéndoles, of prometer promise el navio vessel, warship apresaron, of apresar to sieze, to capture - el cahon cannon DON PEDRO MENENDEZ DE AVILES EN LA FLORIDA (III) Don Pedre Menéndez cambié el nombre Charlefort o Carolina que tenia el fuerte francés por el de San Mateo, porque se habia apo- derado de él en el dia de ese santo. Nombré gobernador del fuerte a) Gonzalo de Villarroel, uno de sus capitanes; dejé con él a trescientos | de sus hombres, y rezresé a San Agustin con sdlo treinta y cinco. Cerca de un centenar de sus hombres no quisieron seguirle porque estaban cansados. ¥ a Se despidié el Adelantado de sus capitanes, prometiéndoles que desde San Agustin les enviaria navios para que apresaran a los dos barcos franceses que habian huido y para que luego, con los cafones| de esos dos barcos, fortificasen San Mateo; y después de un viaje muy malo llegé Don Pedro a San Agustin. Todos creian ya en la ciudad que el Adelantado y sus hombres habian muerto -luchando con los france-| ses o que se habian perdido; pero los vieron entrar triunfalmente en) ciudad. CONTESTE EN ESPANOL: 1. ;Por qué Don Pedro Menéndez de Avilés dié al fuerte el nombre de San M:teo? 2. iQué hizo Don Pedro -Menéndez antes de regresar a San Agustin? 3. ;Por qué no ie siguieron cerca de un centenar de sus hombres? 4. (Qué prometié el Adelantado a sus capitanes al despedirse de cllos en el.fuerte de San Mateo? 5. ;Qué |the attitude that The f U. S. POLICY AT RIO ME WELFARE OF AMERIC Effective work should be done in the fields of trade, finance, technical Long expected U. S. defi Secretary of State Henry F. Holland in New York NEW YORK —(UP)— The As- sistant-Secretary of State, Henry F. Holland, disclosed in a speech the Northame- rican delegation will adopt in the Interamerican Conference to be held November 22 in Rio de Ja- neiro. Holland, the official in charge KNOW THY NEIGHBOR By ANTONIO RUIZ MEXICO.— About 75 miles east of Merida are the world famous ruins of Chichén Itz4, which was, | at the height of its prosperity, the | really inter most important metropolis of the jlater Maya epoch in northeastern |come for us to concentrate The partially restored and unrest- ored ruins of temples, pyramids and other structures stand as mute testimony to\ past Maya glories. It is said to)have been founded by the Maya-litza tribe which emi- grated to that Site during the early part of the 6tl. century. The city did not reach zenith until sev- eral centuries jater, when it came under the inffuence of Mexican Indians from te far north. These new arrivals|prought with them their own ideas of architecture. Thus, as a consequence, there are two distinct styles of architecture at Chichén Itza —the pure Maya, dating back to the 6th. to 10th. centuries, and the Maya-Mexican of the 11th. to the 14th. centuries. A paved highway now leads direct- ly to these majestic ruins, passing through their midst, as it contin- | ues to Valladolid. Enroute to the ruins from Mérida, the pictures- que hacienda of San Pedro with its sisal mill is passed. Here bundles of henequén stalks are fed to a machine that grinds and shreds them. The moist strands of fiber are then set out to dry in the sunlight on wooden racks, after which they are pressed into bales weighing approximately 200 kilos each. The henequén plant requires 7 years to reach maturity, and then produces good stalks for another 25 years. After that lapse of time, a long shoot grows out of its cen- ter, indicating that its productive- ancient Maya villages are passed while making the trip to Chichén Itza. Chief among them is Hoctum, cold regional drinks obtainable at stands in the small plaza. . ** * ZOCCHEL.is the next important town located on the highway. It has a very pretty plaza, and near- by an exquisite old rose-colored church surrounded by tall palms. Its charming interior warrants a short visit before proceeding to the archeological zone. A few mi- nutes before entering the latter, the almost unspoiled Maya town of Piste is passed. As one approach- es Chichén Itza, the first structure to strike the eye is the magnificent truncated pyramid called “El Cas- | tillo”. Its base measures 185 feet on each side. Its overall height is approximately 90 feet, formed by nine terraces. Up each side of the pyramid rises a stairway consist- ing of 91 steps each, or a total of 364 steps. These, together with |a common step at the top leading to the enclosed temple rooms, e- quals the number of 365, which corresponds to the Maya calendar of a 365 da: year. Two sides of this incomparably beatiful struc- ture have been fully restored, with the two remaining sides left very much as they were when the work of restoration was begun. They permit the visitor to appreciate the vast amount of labor and re- search required to restore the other to sides to their original elaborate construction. The north side was the main approach to the temple which crowns the whole. Here, at the foot of the wide and very steep stairway, an enormous plumed-ser- pent head guards each side. Richly carved columns, in the form of harian los espafoles con los cafiones de los dos barcos franceses que plumed serpents, support the high ness is over. Numerous quaint and | visitors to the ruins often stop at! this town to enjoy the delicious | For a better understanding between the Americas MIAMI, FLA., FRIDAY , OCTOBER 29, 195 For Liberty, Culture and demispheric Solidarity NUMBE nition given by Assistant] jof interamerican affairs in the State Department, made his speech at a banquet given here by the Panamerican Society of the| United States. | He stated that the contribution | that the United States can give to! the well-being of the other Ameri- can republics can be more efficient | in the spheres of commerce, fin-| fee and technical aid He also said that the Rio con-| jference should not be an occasion| for disclosing new spectacular | standards, but only an episode in} | the plan that is being conducted | |for a long time for the benefit of | |the nations of the Americas. “In Rio we can work —said Hol- | |land— for the establishment of | | the kind of economic relations that | jought to exist normally and_per- manently between mature and pa- ific nations who are deeply and sted in the well-being The time has now | on | of the othe: | Yueatan. It was also a sacred city. | the kind of help that we can give | | ourselves reciprocally in a continu- | |ous manner and for a long peri- | | “The economy of this hemi- sphere is a whole composed of | parts intimately connected be-! | tween themselves. The better the |relations between the parts the | stronger will be the whole. This | | Process of relations cannot be star- ted and concluded in the Rio con- ference. It is a task that requires} ;much time and in which the con-; ference should only be an episode, ;although a very important one”. i “The primordial responsibility | of each State must fall on the} shoulders of its own people and its own government. Nothing that the government or people of a country may do can raise the liv ing standard of another unless this | ;one previously possesses the ne-| cessary internal conditions for | progress. If it does possess them, | |we can accelerate the process by | means of our policy of assistance. |This depends a great deal on the economic and legislative measures | |of our countries. Whic is particu-| |larly true insofar as it refers to | |the elimination of unnecessary controls and the regimentation of | the economy. | “For that, each one of us must | be willing te carry our own bur- den. That does not mean, however, that each one must carry it alone. | We know that as there is an Ame- rican political security there is also an American economic secu- rity in which we all participate in }such a way that if any American | Nation suffers a wound in its se- curity and freedom, each one of the other members of the family also suffers. “The clearly understood interest of each one of us justifies that iwe help the others to progress ‘firmly towards the solution of | |their basic economic problems. We concede great importance to the concerted aspect of this ef- fort. The problem does not con- ‘sist in deciding how a_ nation ean help the other twerty to raise | their standard of living. The *pro- blem consists in that each Ameri- can Nation, without forgetting its | internal responsibility, finds the means of assisting the othert wen- ity. The problems of each one of us are not so great that we can- not find the means of showing our sincere interest in the well-being ‘of the others. ; “What have we decided about, our own contribution? We belive | ‘that we can be more efficient in! three spheres: commerce, finance | ‘and technical assistance. | “In the sphere of commerce, our policy will be that announced by | President Eisenhower in the mes- | sage on economic policy that he sent to congress last March. By the) means that.our laws permit and, |when it is practical we will try | |to make trade and payments freer | and sounder. We will also try to! | stabilize and strengthen our inter- national trade and gradually and |selectively and reduce the artifi- (cial barriers that obstruct it here and abroad. | “It is an evident fact, obtained by experience, that our action | will not be uniform when apply- ling to the field of international ‘and inter-American trade the pol- | liey that we previously proclaimed. | habian huido? 6. ;Qué creian ya en San Agustin que les habia pasado roof of the temple on top of the | However, I believe that we can) a Don Pedro Menéndez y sus hombres? 7. ,COmo entré Don Pedro en la ciudad de San Agustin. | pyramid. (Continued tomorrow). Spanish Version Pag. 3 say with conviction that the great | HENRY HOLLAND in accordance with the-policy of the President and that exceptions will be based on good and sound reasons. In my opinion there never has been any moment in which the people of the United States and its representatives in the le gislative and executive nches of our government, have apprec ated better than now the enor- mous importance of international trade in our survival. To conserve the force of its economy, this nation must export and import. To | export we must accept, in payment of ours, the products of the other nations. That is an evident fact. The second sphere in which we will try to contribute efficiently to the improvement in the stan- dard of living is that of finance and monetary resources. To pro. gress economically, every nation must have capital. It must obtain it, of course, in public or private sources. Capital obtained from pri vate sources is by far the more abundant. Private investors of the community can at any moment offer capital that exceeds by a lar ge amount the maximum that can be contributed by the governments Today there is plenty of private capital avialable, here and in other countries that accumulate it “Tf that is true, the government wishing to attract capital for eco- nomic development must apply those political measures and those conditions that attract all kinds of private investors, national well as foreign. Under the s conditions the two ‘groups act in the same manner. Anything that discourages a Mexican investor probably also discourages another from the United States or from Argentina. On the contrary, the attract another. “IT am afraid that perhaps we have given too much importance | to the measures to attract fer- eign investors. A government that wants foreign investors must first study calmly the attitude of the national investor. If this one ex ports his capital or invests it in unproductive things such as the | purchase of real estate it is nearly certain that the foreigg investor will not wish to participate, but if the national investor shows hi own confidence investing in enter- prises of sound and _ productive economic development in his own country, it will only be necessary in that case to add two factors to attract foreign investors. The first consists of equality of treat- ment between the foreign and na- tional investor. giving a reasonable assurance to the foreign investor of | mittance of profits. “Only private enterprise can ex- | ploit the immense resources of this vast hemisphere, resources from. which many could live and with a much higher standard of living. We know, however, that private | industry cannot develop that work | help from the develop- without a certain government, There are ment projects that are essential for the progress of our countries and to which private capital will not come even under the most favorable conditions. This can he said equally of the United States and Latin America. Gubernamental financial assis ance is necessary for this kind of undertaking. In some cases, the government of each country will ib be able to give it. In other cases | it will not be able to provide the necessary funds but it will be able to obtain an international loan for a long term. and the second in} the re-| more people | | INTERESTING | | | Colombia, retaliates politely but firmly NEW YORK intellectual proper jud tifie value (UP)—“Without independence and pment a work of scien. annot be accomplish ‘ed,’ declared Professor, Bernard |Houssay of Argentina, 1947 Nobel | Prize winner in Medicine, on de. | picting a dark picture of the scien | tific and university situation in | Latin America | Houssay spoke on the second day of the conference on “Respon sible Freedom in the Americas” which the University of Columbia |has organized on the occasion of lits second centenary. The second j was dedicated to the theme of |Freedom and the Universities, about which, among others, the ex | President of Panama, Ricardo Al faro, and Professor Jorge Basadre |of the University of San Marcos, |Peru, also spoke. | Houssay, in a lengthy and aggressive speech, enumerated the causes of insufficient scienti- fic development in Latin Amer ca — which are, he said, ignor. ance, vanity, technical defect: intellectual and moral deft and character and_ personality failings — to refer later to the specific problem of the universi- ties. In this respect he said that the principal cause of back- wardnegs is that the Latin-Ame- rican gniversities have been in government hands. | “The] problem lies in the neces- sity of/ preserving university au- | |tonomy, — he said —. he govern- |ments must provide the necessary resources, but they must never interfere in the spiritual life and | seientifie orientation of the uni- versities,” Stating that authoritative personal’ governments have creased in Latin America, appoint ing professors “by whims of favor- itism” or removing them because they are not members of the of ficial party, Houssay said: “Revolutionary governments, in uncultured hands, do not respect men of science. It has been said for a century and a half: ‘the re public does not need scholars’; and now: ‘we do not need scholars, but good men’, which means to say: worship me and obey.” Houssay deplored the “lack of solidarity between the universi- ties,” saying that there are profes. sors of democratic nations who “accept invitations or decorations from governments or universities that remove honorable and emi- nent professors because they are |not members of the official party ‘or because they have democratic or independent ideas.” Those pro- or to the maximum. We recogni: however, that there will be certain works, public as well as private, that will have to be financed by |funds from abroad and for hich the International Bank will be unable to make loans. “And now I will enter the sphere of technical assistance. This hemi- sphere is profusely doted with hu- man and natural resources which up to now have been exploited nadequately. Thanks to technical assistance, these resources can be utilized more rapidly and more efficiently. In the sphere of tech- nical assistance nearly all the na- tions can find the means to con- tribute to the great offensive against human misery. Our poli | will consist in fortifying and di- versifying our contribution in the field of technical assistance, but only, of cou if the interested governments wish it and ask for it. “The governments of Latin Ame- rica are interested in finding the means to stabilize the prices of the products that they sell on the in- ternational market. The problem interests everybody because we ourselves export products whose \prices fluctuate greatly. “There exist several practical methods of reducing the size of the problem although we cannot ‘eliminate it altogether. ‘To main- tain high and stable levels of eco- nomic and income activity is always a help. To guarantee the products of everywhere a greater and more constant access to international markets will also help to neutralize some of the factors that cause these great fluctuations in prices. If we put into practice more ade- quate measures to calculate future offer and demand, shortages and overproduction that alter the gen- in- | fessors, he added, forget that in sulting a university professor and academic freedom in any country is an affront and an attack on all university professors.” In spite of this pessimistic pic ture, however, Houssay conclud ed that there are reasons to trust in the future, because of has alr ly been done and because of what can and must be done. SANTOS RETALIAT Colombia’s ex-President, Doctor Eduardo Santos, came out politely but firmly in defense of the moral qualities of the Latin-American nations, refuting the Argentine Scholar Bernard Houssay in the debate that concluded the second day of the conference on “Respon sible Freedom in the Americas” held in Columbia University Discussing Houssay’s analysis on the factors that limit scientific development in Latin America, Doctor Santos sustained that those characteristics are not ‘a monopoly of the Latin-Ameri- can nations, and that these on the other hand have other qualities that could easily permit them to go far. Santos pointed ample, the abso cial discri ica and said that, “if we poor, it is not because of laziness, but because it is only now that we are emerging from a tremen- dous and prolonged misery.” “With a century of good luck and profitable business, such as the United States has had, we can reach the same level,” he said. The Colombian ex-President al- so criticized Houssay’s statement that a serious barrier to academic progress in Latin America is the fact that the universities are gubernamental. Doctor Santos said that, if the State does not pay there will be no universities in Latin America, because there are no private institutions sufficiently powerful, as in the United States, to sustain universities. Insisting on his point that the Latin Americans do not lack the will to develop themselves and progress, Doctor Santos pointed out that 50 per cent of the Latin American students who come to the United States pay for their own studies, while, of the Europ: eans, only 25 per cent come under those conditions. That proves, he added, that Latin America shows more determination than Europe, although it is richer in education sombre eut, for ex- “Another proposal that has been made consists in the creation of capital will be provided in its greater part by the United, States, and which would grant loans directly to private foreign com- panies without the guarantee of their governments. We believe that such a bank would either compete with private credit institutions or duplicate the functions of the Ex- port-Import Bank. This institution is now authorized to grant loans to private entities, whether nation- al, foreign or mixed, and does not always require the guarantee of the government to whose coun try such entities belong. | “These will be, then, the princi ples of the policy that we will present to the Latin American governments and to the Ministers presiding over their respective delegations in Rio. | am very satis- fied with it. Thanks to it we shall be able to concentrate in what we must: in the great need to de fine our basic problem, which is to find the means to improve the standard of ‘iving of our peoples, and that of commencing to work | to resolve it.” ‘Chile and Austria |sign tourist pact SANTIAGO de Chile —(UP)— The governments of Chile and Aus- |tria signed a passport and tourist agreement whereby the citizens of both countries can enter Austria | or Chile without a passport visa. | The franchise will expire 90 days | after the residence of the tourist} in the country. The document, which will come into effect next December, was signed by the Chancellor, Roberto Aldunate, and by the Austrian Ambassador Ex- “It would be short-sighted not | eral configuration of prices will traordinary and Plenipontentiary, majority of our decisions will beto utilize the laternational Bank the redvesd ta a minimum Cc. Huteczek, TING AIMS AT AN NATIONS | prea DEBATES ARE TAKING‘ miamis § PLACE AT THE “LIBERTY MEETING” | Houssay, of Argentina, blames Latins. Santos, of | OCIAL SPOTLIGHT By MARTHA LUMMUS | | HI, NEIGHBOR! Ten thousand women will ring 200,000 door bells when they participate in “Neighbor Day”, January 9, as their part in rai ing funds for the Commun Chest. This army of women, chairmaned by Mrs. F.F. Ravlin, are working right along with the men on this project and are now making organizational al plans for this mammoth task during which they will cover Dade County in their drive to help finance for next year the 22 Red Feather hometown agen- cies that comprise the Chest, and the national USO, which also counts on this means to raise money for its work, Three vice chairmen who will assist Mrs. Ravlin are Mrs. Stan- ley Milledge of the North Miami and North Dade area; Mrs, Charles Fuchs of the South Miami and West Dade area and Eugene Schwa serving as vice chairman of Miami Beach, Two new regions created this year are chairmaned by Mrs, Robert L. Faulkner and Mrs, John Grentner. Ten — other regional chairmen organizing for the house-to-house canvass campaign in January are Mrs, Fred Kalil, Mrs. Fred C. Slater, Mrs. John C. Pfander, Mrs. R. W. Craig, Mrs, William Cox, S. Joseph Franzen and & ory; Mrs. Mercer D. Irving Peskoe and Rev. Harmon. | According te the chairman, “more volunteer workers are needed, to cover the rapidly de- veloping areas of the county, h a quota of more than a million dollars, every Dade Countian is going to be called on to participate in some measure, with, money, time or goth in this great humanitarian movement. * Ok HORTICULTURE CLASSES Horticulture classes, sponsored by the North Miami Garden Club with Elsie Picot, 561 N. E. 83rd St., Miami as instructor will begin Tuesday Noy. 2nd. The ser- ies of twelve lessons on all pha ses of horticulture for the ama- teur gardeer and new home owner will include such subjects as soil, soil preparation, fertili- zers, annuals, propagation, hy- bridizing, house plants, bulbs, African violets, begon hedges, landscaping, perenn’ bien- nials, and orchids.’ For further information contact Mrs. Picot, 7-5366. (Students do not have to be members of a garden club, North Miami Garden Club is ag. sponsoring the Begonia Show this year, which will be May 25 and 26 at Simpson Memorial Garden Center, 55 S.W. 17th road. The Begonia Society, of which Mrs. Lena Hy- den is president and Mrs, Picot first vice president, meets the Fourth Tuesday of each month at 8 p.m. at the Garden Center. Gene Ennemose is general chair- man of the forthcoming Begonia Show, and Mrs, Florence Grim- shawe, assistant chairman. kk HOME AGAIN Mrs. E.W. Marvin of Miami Beach, has left her summer home in Highlands, N.C. where she writes that its beginning to get cold and where the summer sea- son has just ended, to spend the winter months here. Fall foliage in the North Carolina mountains she describes as “particularly beautiful.” ** * FOR ARTS SAKE’ Not only will Miamians and visitors to this area have an op- portunity to see outstanding paintings during National Art Week, October 31 through Nov. | 7, they'll also have a chance to see Dade County’s wondrous mu- seum, Villa Vizcaya at a greatly reduced price as a special fea- ture during the week expecially set aside for art’s sake. County commissioners reduced the price for adults from $1.75 to $1 and the price for children to fifty cents,