Diario las Américas Newspaper, March 23, 1954, Page 8

a THE WEATHER Fair through Tuesday. Slowly rising tempera- tures. MIAMI, FLA., TUESDAY, MARCH 23, 1954. EDITORIAL THE AMERICAS HAVE PRONOUNCED THEMSELVES AGAINST COMMUNISM Approval of the United States-sponsored anti- Communist resolution by the Tenth Inter-American Conference indicates that with the exception of the pro-Communist régime in Guatemala, practically all the other nations of the Americas are at one in cond- emning the Communist threat. Remarks interposed | by the delegates from Argentina, Mexico and Uruguay served little if any practical purpose as| far as the resolution was concerned, and they can be taken to represent mere formal considerations. As for the United States, it declared itself, simply but positively, as opposed to foreing intervention in the ‘Americas, and it was joined in its objective by all those other American nations whose governments are neither influenced nor directed by Moscow. The remainder of the American republics should harbor ‘no. misgivings as to the sincerity of the United States in regard to that country’s anti-Communist stand, which was aimed at a common threat. It would be both baseless and foolish to charge that the United States wanted by its resolution to interv- ene in the internal affairs of Latin American nat- ions. On the other hand, it is indeed logical to sup- pose that the United States was fearful, and ill disposed toward seeing any of its sister republics fall victim to Red infiltration, as is presently hap- pening in Guatemala. i It was the United States which many years ago prevented Mexico from becoming a French colony. It was also due to decisive action on the part of the United States that Great Britain was prevented “from extending the boundaries of its holdings in British Guiana and that Germany was impeded in its design to seize the Venezuelan island of Marga- rita. Its desinterestedness has more than once saved %the Americas from foreing intervention, and one must reward a nation that has given such yeoman service. We Venezuelans have ample proof of the friendly disposition of the United States toward us. Communists are presently engaged in a campa- ign aimed at bringing the United States into disrep- ute among us by depicting American investors as a gang of unscrupulous money bags. If they wanted to act fairly about the matter, several American nat- ions that have issues pending with United States- controlled business firms could settle these issues to their satisfaction if they would agree to approach the case fairly. Yet it is evident that the Communists will leave no stone unturned in their rejection of peaceful settlements so as to work on heated imagin- ations by sowing the seeds of rebellion and violence. _ It ins’t the facult of the United States if the Latin American nations have either been unable or incapa- ble of developing their natural resources in their own. On the very contrary, it has been because of , technique, initiative and capital supplied by the nat- ion to the north that where once desert and jungle flourished the riches of our hemisphere have been unburied and new sources of economic wealth have > been put to work for our common benefit. Venezuela is united with the United States in regard to the need for common defense against Com- munism and the need for mutual aid in combatting the ominous threat posed by that ideology. The at- titude of support for the resolution adopted by the Venezuelan government is understandable to all those people who witnessed the unbelievable laxity of former governments as a result of which the Com- munists were allowed to deploy their forces among us so as to promote violence and create a spirit of unrest among the Venezuelan people. In contrast, the present government of Venezuela is aware of its responsibilities and its duties and it has proceeded accordingly. Without law and order and without the sort of atmosphere needed for proper labor- man- agement relations, Venezuela would never have suc- ceeded in advancing its material development to the degree it has recently. Democracy doesn’t imply ef- forts designed to universalize political rancor to the point where this frame of mind becomes the order of the day, with anarchy and threats to national secur- ity the logical consequence. Those of us in Venezuela who constitute the large majority are convinced that democracy means respect for existing institutions. We will go forward only under the reign of order and Communism is the exact opposite of order. SUBSCRIBE TO THE AMERICAS DAILY For a better understanding between the Americas THE AMERICAS DAILY For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity NUMBER 217 ference Speeding To Adjourn 28th. KNOW THY NEIGHBOR By ANTONIO RUIZ WEARE starting today this new section, in which we will give our readers, in a condensed form, general information about the countries that form the Pan Ame- |rican Union. We will present his- torical facts, places of interest, personalities who have played an important part in the development of the different countries, etc. etc. It is our hope that you will find this new column worth reading, and above all, that it will help you to KNOW THY NEIGHBOR, * * AT FIRST we will present each day one of the countries to the Scuth, in alphabetical order, until we have given you a brief sketch of every one of them. We shall appreciate, therefore, the coopera- tion of all our readers in this matter. If you know something of real interest about any of the Latin American countries, please send it to us. We will be very greatful for your contributions to the success of this section. We hope to have, and earnestly re- quest, the cooperation of all the embassies, consulates, educational societies, tourist agencies, etc. etc., as well as that of the citizens of the different countries, who want to give the interesting facts about their native lands the publicity they deserve. We sincerely believe that, if every one of us makes a contribution, no matter how small, towards spreading knowledge about the countries of this Hemis- phere, it will be much easier to reach the true understanding that should be the basis of the relation- ship among the countries of the Americas. * *% FOR THOSE who are interested in the study of the Spanish lan- guage, we believe it will be a great help if they cut both, this and the Spanish version, which is in Page 3, Col. 8, paste them alongside of each other in a _scrap-book, or even in a plain sheet of paper, and then read slowly each para- graph in the two languages. Since the contents of each paragraph will be exactly the same in En- glish and Spanish, no doubt this little exercise will be a great help to the student. We sincerely hope so. Spanish Version Pag. 3 - Col. 8. Bolivia Asks U. S. For Equal Deal On Tin Purchases —0———__ LA PAZ —(UP)— On his re- turn here from Caracas Bolivian Foreign Minister Walter Guevara Arze told the press that Bolivia feels the United States should give it the same sort of cdnsider- ation as the U. S. does Indonesia as far as tin purchases are con- cerned. He recalled that “during World War II Bolivia was the (U. S.’) main supplier of tin, but Bolivia sold its tin ore at sacrifice prices.” Guevara went on to say, al- though unofficially, that Bolivia is negotiating a loan with the U. S. Export -Import Bank for expand- ing Bolivian oil production. Later on Bolivia is to negotiate another loan for building up electricity output in the eastern part of the country. Guevara asserted that Bo- livia is continuing in its efforts to get the United States to keep on helping it with food shipments. Guevara emphasized that Boli- via supported the anti-Communist stand of the U. S. in Caracas. “We are opposed to either indirect or direct intervention by Communist Powers,” he said. He went on to say that economic considerations were the most practical ones for Latin America at the present time, although he doubted that the La- tin American nations would have very much success in this field because the United States had no definite policy yet in this respect. “For this reason, it seems to me that only the conference of eco- nomy ministers called for 1954 will produce anything of practi- cal value in this sense;” he ended by saying. _-—______ PERUVIAN PROJECT The arrow indicates approximate location of the huge colonization program being developed by the Robert G. Le Tournean expedition. The highway will link the extremely fertile jungie areas of that country, the Peruvian coastal regions with BLOCKED POUNDS STERLING FREED BY BRITISH GOV'T REGULATIONS Elimination’ of rigid restrictions is expected to boost trade of 24 nations RACES, (Yi Sheena Great Britain exploded a bomb shell in trade and banking circles by announcing the elimination of restrictions which had been preventing the transferral of blocked pounds sterling by 24 countries belonging to neither the sterling-bloe nor the dollar-bloc of nations. The twenty-four nations affect- ed by the decision are Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, China, Japan, Formosa, Switzer- land, and the currency zones of France, Belgium, Portugal, Bulga- ria, eastern Germany, Romania, Yugoslavia, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Tangier and the Vatican City. The remaining three of the 24 —Iran, Turkey and Hungary— will have to wait a while in order to bene- fit by the order, because the ar- rangements corresponding to their case have not yet been completed. In view of the British step, all the above countries will be able to transfer blocked sterling funds held by them to any part of the world outside the dollar zone. In addition they will be able to use their pound reserves to effect payments among themselves and with sterling-bloc countries. They will not, however, be able to use the pounds to buy Canadian or American, dollars. At the same time the British treasury authorized the London- located international gold market —which was closed 15 years ago when World War II broke out— to resume trading beginning yes- terday, Monday. The market will trade for gold. Despite the fact that they came at the same time, the two mea- sures of the British government were not related to each other, although they will aid in increas- ing the prestige of London as an international banking center. The elimination of the rigid restrictions imposed by Great Bri- tain on transferral of blocked sterling funds, it is expected, will | help to give a boost to the trade |of the 24 countries affected by |the recent measure, as some of these countries before World War Il depended on an untrammeled freedom to transferer sterling re- serves in order to maintain an even trade balance. Great Britain saw during its austere postwar period that it would have to impose rigid res- trictions on transferral of pounds, |so that the steps just taken by it reflect greater confidence on the part of the British government in the present currency picture. The 24 countries affected by the measure will have to secure previous authorization from Great Britain in order to transfer their blocked pounds to non-sterling- bloc nations. The British measure represents an apparent effort to allow the greatest liberality possible in ex- change of sterling funds. with the exclusion of convertibility, which Great Britain is still far from achieving. The international gold market, which used to operate under the supervision of the Bank of Eng- land, will have control of trans- fers of gold between buyers and sellers outside non-sterling area countries. The government accompanied its recent measure by an an- nouncement that the reopening of the international gold market is in line with British policy to re- establish international markets in- side Great Britain. Argentina, Mexico Scientific and Cultural and Uruguay Hold Largest Number of Foreign Students Report made by the United Nations Educational Organization ia Paris ——o——_—_- PARIS —UP— _ Argentina, Mexico and Uruguay are the La- tin American countries who have the largest numbers of foreign students according to a report from the United Nations Educa- tional, Scientific and Cultural Or- ganization. A third of the freee world’s foreign student flock to the Unit- ed States for schooling. America is host to 33,679 foreign students out of a total of 107,000 counted by Unesco, the biggest home-away- from-home for students. France, one the haven o ffor- eign learning, follows with 13,709. The survey, made last year by Unesco and now published shows that the total of 107000 foreign students are attending 2,014 ins- titutions in 70 countries and ter- ritories. This compares with 85,000 stud- ents in 55 countries shown in the last U. N. count. The geographical coverage ex- tends tl all countries except Bul- garia, the Chinese mainland, Cze- choslovakia, East Germany, Hun- gary, Mongolia, Poland, Rumania and the U. S. S. R. Though the United States now has the largest numbers of foreign students, Western Europe as a whole 44,891 has a larger total than the North American region (36,916) Unesco said. Other leading countries are: United Kingdom (8,277), Canada (3,026), Argentina (3,622), Mexi- co (3,213), Uruguay (1,200), Swit- zerland (4,250), Germany (3,497, Austria (3,094), Italy (2,474), Egypt (2,000), Lebanon (1,800), Japan (3,459), Philippines (1,790, South Africa (949) and Australia (834), The survey also indicates that at least 8,000 United States citi- zens are studyign Universities abroad. At least 5,000 Canadian students are abroad, 85 percent in the United States. The next largest groups are those of Chin- ese nationality (4,500) and from French territories (4,000). Fifty percent of the former are in the United States and 98 percent of the latter are in France. Chilean Copper will go to Best Payers SANTIAGO, Chile. (UP)— The council of ministers, sitting under president Carlos Ibaiiez, decided to authorize the Central Bank to sell Chilean copper anywhere in the world where the best price is obtained. The action came as Washingtor officials again delayed a decision whether to purchase 100,000 tons of Chilean copper to relieve this country’s surplus problem and build up a strategis stockpile of the metal. The council also decided to re- ject the request of the two lar- gest American copper companies operating in Chile that they be allowed to reduce both their pro- duction and working personnel. Meanwhile, a house of deputies economic committee had under study a project covering new agre- ements with major copper mining countries operating in Chile. The draft project would fix a “free” bank rate of 110 pesos to the U.S. dollar on returns to the Companies. It formerly was fixed at 19 pesos 37 centavos. The companies also would be subject to a single tax equal to 75 percent of their net income, as long as their annual production did not exceed the following le- vels: Chilean Exploration Co., 322,500, 000 pounds Andes Copper Mines, 105,000, 000 pounds Braden Copper, 322,500,000 po- unds Any excess production would be taxed at a 50 percent of net in- come base. Colonies Not Affected Dutch Observers Say CARACAS —(UP)— Represen- tatives from Surinam and the Dutch West Indies told reporters that the anti-colonial resolution adopted by the Tenth Inter-Ameri- can Conference does not affect Dutch territories in the Americas, inasmuch as they are not felt to be colonies. M. Chumaceiro, a representative from the Dutch West Indies, and L. Lichtveld, Surinam’s represen- tative —both of whom members of the Dutch legation in Caracas— said that they had been very much interested in the conference de- bates on Colonialism, but that they feel that many decisions were taken on the basis of unreal- istic considerations. They added that they had not referred to the matter previously because they did not wish to in- fluence debates, that now that the resolution has been adopted, they wished to explain that their territories would not be affected in view of their constituting an in- tegral part of the Dutch Kingdom. The two men also denied the existence of independence move- ments and said that only a small group —one possibly Communist- influenced— is asking for separa- tion from Holland. Lirchveld asserted that Surinam and the Dutch West Indies do not wish to sever their links with the Dutch Kingdom but rather that there seems to be a tendency on the part of Holland to get rid of its holdings in foreign conti- nents. Subcommissions ready to report on economic matters CARACAS —(UP— The Tenth Inter-American Conference has begun its last week ‘of debates by speeding up its work in order to give full attention to all the mat- ters still on its agenda. Conference delegates spent a restful week-end in recuperation from three weeks of speeches, de- bates and voting. Following its final debates and resolution on colonies, the politi- cal-juridical commission found it- self out of the limelight as far as interest in its activities was con- cerned. Several. of the foreign ministers which attended initial sessions of the commission have returned to their respective coun- tries and over-all attendance at commission hearings has fallen off notably. Even whole delegations have been missing at some of the sessions of the commission. The political-juridical commis- sion still has two topics of discus- sion ahead of it. One of these has to do with the report submitted by the Inter-American Commission and consideration of the structure, operation and future of that com- mission. The second item concern the establishment of the inter- American court. In addition to the above mat- ters, the political juridical com. mission is to receive a report from its geaeral subecommission, now half way along the road to ap- proving a proposed convention on diplomatic asylum, and it must give attention to a modification of the Habana convention on the rights and duties of states in case of civil disturbances. The various subcommissions of the economic commission have all completed their work and were to present their respective reports to a plenary session of their body this week. The first plenary session of the conference took place yesterday. Resolutions already approved by working commissions were to be given sanction by the conference sitting as a whole. Among these resolutions were the U. S.-sponsored anti-Commun- ist resolution and the two anti- colonial measures sponsored by Argentina and Brazil respectively. Most of the commissions will have their reports ready for con- sideration by March 24 and work is being speeded up in prepara- tion for the final session of the conference, which will be held March 28 —at a time still mot agreed on, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Drags resolution introduced by the Panamanian delegation (Chapter H, item 7 om the agenda) The Tenth Inter-American Conference, WHEREAS: The recent emergency saw the creation of imposts om. fares for travel by air, sea and land within and beyond th borders of given countries, and whereas: The purpose of such taxes was to increase fiscal income for meeting expenses incurred during the emergency and to restriet use of transportation facilities by civilians in order to meet the needs of the armed forces, and whereas; Taxes were eliminated on travel to all parts of the world except to the Caribbean area and Central America, and whereas; Foreign exchange brought by tourists and other trav- elers constitute a substantial contribution to the economies of Caribbean area and Central American countries, the only regions which continue to suffer the adverse effects of taxes ou travel fares, and whereas; Equality and fairness are basie principles of the inter- American system, RESOLVES: To recommend to the governments of the Americas that they eliminate taxes on travel fares to restricted areas of the Western Hemisphere. SPANISH LESSONS FOR BEGINNERS BY G. B. Palacin Professor of the University of Miami, Fils. LESSON 5@ (c) Tan is so im the sense of very, to this or that degree. (Lesson 48, e). Tam before an adjective or adverb, and como after it, mean as.,, as. (Lesson 11, b). Tantos (or tantas) before the many... as. (Lesson 11, b). noun, and como after it, mean ag Tam pronto come... means as soon as. Mientras tanto is meanwhile. Por ke tanto is therefore, Than following the comparative is que. (Lesson 11, ¢). Tham before a numeral is de. (Lesson 11, ¢). Translate into Spanish. 1—Mary is taller than Ann. 2—Mary is | as tall as Ann. 3—Ann is not tall as Mary. 4—Chicago has more than three millons inhabitants. 5—There are as many seats. (asientos) as people. 6—He has as much money as his friend. 7—He is as intellig as you. 8—Mary has as many frineds as Ann. 9—My house is ay] beautiful as the John’s house. 10—Luis will speak me as soon as he | arrives. 4 (el) trem train (el) automévil automobile, car (el) camién truck (el) 6mnibus or autobis omnibus, bus (el) aviém or aeroplane airplane (el) barce or buque boat, ship (el) barce de vela sailboat (el) barce or buque de vapor steamer (el) barce mercante merchant ship (el) barce de guerra warship Write im Spanish ten sentence using the tren, automévil, camiéa, etc,