The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, March 25, 1906, Page 29

4 Forecast for March 25, 1008: San Francisco and vicinity—Cloudy, unsettied weather Bunday, with show- ers; fresh south winds. A G. McADIE, District Forecaster. THE QAL PRINTS MORE NEWS THAN AN THE WEATHER. Y OTHER PAPER PUBLISHED IN SAN FRA Columbia. L Y m—v-mlll’.. e - gggum—"um- Johnny Jones." GRAND—"The Death Valley Mys- MATESTIO“Sweet Nell ot O Drury." 3 EUM—Vaudeville. '?-eroflu—-m Isle of Spice.”” Mat- inee, Kubeltl. Matinees at all theaters except the -— NQISCO FIFTY-SIX PAGES—SAN FRANCISCO, SUNDAY, MARCH 25, 1906—PAGES 29 TO 42. EGG LIFE PROLONGED IN LOEB'S EXPERIMENTS Dr. Jacques Loeb, who has been conducting some highly important experi- ments at the University of California with lower forms of marine life, with a view of solving some of the mysteries as to the production of life, announces that he has been able to prevext the disintegration of the egg of the sea urchin In his bulletin he contributes much to 1\}. controlling the oxidation process. science as a result of his various experiments. New Light Gained| on the Effect of Oxidation. Marine Life of Low| Order Is Field of Research. Pre- Disintegration vented by His Process. £ A ¥y go on in each the six or eight then the process of d Since the eggs chemical rtegra TO PREVENT DEATH. n which he the The | e eggs only form the | in | se formation has been | e for a week or more if con- nuclear and celivdivision | eliminates ible for the process of | effect upon artificial parthenogenesis is showed ten years ago that the pro- materizl i on in the egg of 2 eggs by preveatiing oxidations. thod used to accomplish t in submitting them to s isted sen was carried and from which in he air was removed; the sec- o4 consisted in Stopping oxi- in eggs by adding KCNto water. It was found that in = the death of the eggs with a e couid, indeed, be prevented. her experiment the eggs of a e submitted to the process ane formation and distributed » sets of fiasks, ome in contact , a seconid through which a cur- oxygen was carried, and a through which a current of irogen was carried Eggs were at various Intervals va- 124 been exposed to alr or pure 11 began to show- the spindle the proper time and began to dis- tegrat D four to six hours. se taken after ten hours from the n current appeared normal and ;1 be caused to develop. DEVELOPED BY HYDROGEN. nents were repeated a s with the result men- but the monotony of the s broken by the addi- jon that the eggs which sed after the membrane rrent of hydrogen for time could undergo development with- reatment with hyper- iment thus far mention- osmotic method of artificial s was used. A part of the s experiment were submitted ocess of artificial membrane afters they were taken from tonic sea water. Those eggs had been in the aerated hyper- cea water developed in the same rtions as mentioned above, while t had been in the hyper- er deprived of oxygen did velop, but without exception dis- ted in the way characteristic for artificial membrane forma- there was a suspicion that ertonic sea water deprived of oxy- might yet cause artificial °par- genesis with this difference only, time of exposure would have onger, eggs were left in the same ment 3 and 338 minutes in the nic sea water without oxygen. result was absolutely negative. ezgs did not develop. They re- ~d alive and could be caused to ‘ » by the addition of sperm. ¢ same experiment was repeated hod the same striking result. r and cell divifion in the/ ~urchin (and probably gen- | s upon the presence of free 4 stops as soon as the oxygen| hydrogen, or as soon as are stopped by potassium is therefore obvious that the | riying the development of especially underlying nuclear | sion, are processes of oxida-. I have pointed out the pos-| thiese oxidative processes are connected with the synthesis into nuclear the process of mem- the sea- | hese oxidative processes it me to try whether it was not prevent the premature death hrough which a current of hy- | - “We ' may therefore state thap arti- ficial parthenogénesls can’ ofily- be pro- duced 'by ‘hypértonic’ sea” watér’ when the latter gcts in’the. presence of free oxygen. This eliminates the idea that the hypertonic sea water might | through . preventing oxidations. likewise the idea that its due to a coagulation caused by the withrawal of water from the egg. this were the case, the absence or pres- ence of oxygen should make no dif- ference. | “We can, however, easily understand this role of oxygen in the action of the hypertonic sea water If we consider the facts published in ‘our previous papers. I think we may consider it an established fact (which I have, by the way, verified a large number of times during this recent series of experi- | ments) that the process of segmenta- tion and development is primarily an oxidative process and that it comes to a sudden standstill if the free oxygen ie taken from the ‘egg.” This ‘process of oxidation §s_ obviously intimately confiected with the synthesis. of nuclein material from constituents of the protoplasm, since this process ceases when the egg is deprived of oxygen. - “In the unfertilized egg of - the sea urchin this synthesis cannot occur (or only so slowly that it is not .noticeable) But the direct observations mentioned in previous papers show that this process can be produced if we cause an artificial membrane formation. But if nothing else is done to the egg it dies in the presence of oxygen, possibly because the oxida- tions occur in a wrong direction and lead | to the formation of toxic products. PREVENTS TOXIC SUBSTANCES. | “The loss of water on the part of the | egg caused by the hypertonic sea water |leads in the presence of free oxygen to | the formation of certain compounds which turn the oxidative processes in the egg into the right direction and prevent the formation of the toxic substances and the disintegration of the egg caused thereby. “Such compounds may possibly be formed in the egg When the oxidative processes are prevented for a long period of time, while other catalytic processes are allowed to go on. This might explain the observations made by Lyon and my- self, mentioned in the preceding paper. “I think the results of this paper ex- | plain also a fact which I found last year | and which appeared a riddle at that time. | When the membrane formation is pro- | duced first in an egg it needs to be ex- | posed to the hypertonic sea water only | about forty-five to fifty minutes at 15 | degrees 1n order to develop. If, however, | the egg is exposed to the hypertonic sea { water first and the membrane formation is caused afterward the exposure to the hypertonic sea water must be at least | about ninety minutes at the same tem- perature. | nypertonic sea water be so different in | both cases? | sea water acts only in the presence of | oxygen seems to explain this difference. | The main difference between the se: | urchin egg with and without artificial | membrane formation lies in we fact that in the former oxidative processes are | started (or immensely accelerated), which |in the latter are lacking, or extremely slow. We are tempted to assume that in the egg after the membrane forma- {tion is caused oxidases become active, while these oxidases do not exist or act very slowly in the resting egg in which the process of membrane formation is not caused. > PROCESS NOW CLEAR. “Wherever we produce the development of the egg of the sea-urchin by two dif- ferent agencies the membrane formation and the hypertonic sea water, the role of both seems now tolerably clear. Pro- cesses of oxidation are started by the membrane formation. Certain products | of oxidation are formed through the ac- tion of the hypertonic sea water, which act | It | Il | “Why should the reaction time for the ; The fact that the hypertonic | FAMOUS SAVANT, WHO MAKES AN ANNOUNCEMENT OF INTER- EST TO SCEENTISTS. 55 = turn the phenomena of oxidation in the right direction. But we have seen that the. hypertonic sea - water alone may cause the unfertilized egg to reach a pluteus stage without a membrane for- | mation. It is obvious that the hyper- | tonic sea water must be able, if allowed |to act Jong emough, to accomplish both | results, e. g., start or accelerate the oxidative processes undertying develop- ment as well as lead to the formation of products (of oxidation) which turn these oxidations Into the right direction. “The fact that hypertonic sea water is able to start the process of development | in the unfertilized eggs of so many dit- | ferent forms (Echinoderms, Annelids | (Ophelia), Molluscs (Lottia and others) and even the frog) finds its possible ex- | planation also through the fact that the hypertonic sea water only acts in the presence of oxygen. The process underly- ing development is, as my previous exper- | iments show, an oxidative process and this process can be started by the spermatozoa | as well as by hypertonic sea water or the | process of artificlal membrane formation. The latter process alone does not suffice for the egg of the sea-urchin since it transforms this egg into an. anaerobe, while the treatment with hyptertonic sea water turns the oxidative processes again into the right directions. “If we finally raise the question how it 1s possible that loss of water on the part | of the egg can influence its oxtdations (or | other chemical reactions) we can only | point out the fact that & loss of water | must alter the chemical equilibrium in the | egs. This might be possible by altering unequally the degree of, dissocliation of different electrolytes, and in altering in | connection with this the concentration of HO and H fons, ‘or by altering the co- efficient of distribution of different sub- 1 stances, etc. H — e RABBI SAYS A WELL-FED I MAN IS RARELY IMMORAL | Asserts That On let Has an Imme- { diate Effect Upon His Religion and Uprightness. CHICAGO, March 24.—One's diet has an immediate effect upon one’s morals, ‘accordln‘ to Dr. Emil G. Hirsch in his address in Sinai Temple tonight. “A well-fed man rarely is an im- moral man,” he said. “The connection | between the stomach and moral ten- dencies, commonly called the heart, is much closer than is commonly sup- posed. “That the dlet has something to do with both religion and morals ¢annot be doubted. The religion which 18 born in the kitchen, which 18 inculcated at the board, and which is made a part of the daily life is sure to be a better re- ligion than that which has its habitat in the temple and works only on a Sun- day or on spectacular occasions.” PRICE FIVE CENTS. (0ULD LINE |CLAUS SPRECKELS MAKES - HIS INITIAL MOVE. LAWYERS DRAWING INCORPORATION PAPER PLAYS A NEW LECAL TRUMP Sues to Condemn a Way for Its Terminal, —— Alameda County Supe- rior Court to Pass on the Question, Decision Will Be in Hands of adury and Attorneys Are Sanguine. OAKLAND, Mar¢h 24.—The Western Pa- cific Rallway Company has determined to fight for the strip of land along the north training wall of the Oakland estuary, upon which it has located a temporary track and which it purposes to use for ter- minal facilities of the Gould transconti- nental line, now being built from Ogden to this city. Following the decision ren- dered by Judge W. W. Morrow in the Federal court a few days ago, in which he held that the Southern Pacific was the owner of the tide land ‘between the Oak- land mole and the estuary, the Western Pacific Rallway this afternoon filed con- demnation proceedings against the South- ern Pacific Company and the State of California with & view to condemn the entiré strip of 1afid over whicn the Gould and fotces have been fighting for weeks past. While c Company at- the Westebn hav their intention of of Judge Mor- that the West- ern Paclfic will.not risk its entire cause upon the issues already before the courts, but, if necessary, will pay for all the land it desires at a cost to be fixed by the courts. It has evidently determined upon this strip of land as a site for its ter- minal and proposes to get it if there is any process known to the courts to obtain possession of {t. The State of California hag been made a defendant to the action, ag the State’s right, ‘confirmed by Judge Morrow in his decision, is recognized to the land outside the United States bulk- head line. WILL ALSO PRESS APPEAL. The new action has been assigned to Judge W. H. Waste in department one of the Superior Court of this county, and thege important issues, together with the condemnation proceedings begun some time ago to condemn a 100-foot strip across the Peralta street yards, which have been awaiting the termination of the proceedings before the Federal courts, will now in all probability: be pushed to a con- clusion here. At the same time the fight against the decision of Judge Morrow will be carried on through the higher courts across the bay. The complaint in the new action sets forth the fact that the land sought to be condemned has never heretofore been put to any use; that the land is now needed by the Western Pacific Railway for ter- minal facilities; that the line of the West- ern Pacific Rallway has been surveyed and {s now in courge of construction, and that a franchise has been granted it by the Oakland City Council to run its tracks over this property,-and if.it is allowed to purchase this property it will be of great public benefit. In addition to the 1000-foot strip of land running parallel to the north training wall of the Oaklagnd estuary out as far as the narrow gauge mole, the condemnation sult asks for a triangular plece of land abut- ting the strip at its connéction with the mainland. This piece of land is required to give room for'the tracks as they pro- ceed across the Peralta street yards of the Southern Pacific Cbmpnny. PLEADING IS ADROIT. After giving a general description of the land sued for as & whole, it is divided into three subdivisions. Subdivision one refers to the triangular piece of land already de- scribed. Subdivision two refers to a por- tion of land extending from the line of low tide as it existed ont May 4, 1852, to the United Btates bulkhead line, while sub- division three refers to that portion of the land extending from the United States bulkhead line out to the end of the strip sought to be condemned. The low tide liné as it existed on May 4, 1852, and which it wis alleged by the Western Pacific Company marked the termination of the possessions of the Southern Pacific Company, is'reproduced on the map, made a part of the present ac- tion and is also referred to in the com- plaint. The former contention is not aban- doned in the present action, but the State of California and the rallway are both made defendants in such a way as to cov- er the titlp to subdivision two, which re- fers partiéularly to that portion of the land between the old tide line and the United States bulkhead lifie, and which the Western Pacific Company has claimea belongs to the' State of Califernia. This precaution is evidently taken with a view to the possibility of a reversal of Judge Morrow's decision, in whith event the re- sult of the present action would not be disturbed. O P § There is no controversy over the owner- W act] ship by the State to_the portion of land extending from the U tes 5 head line out to the pler The main contention arises over the that been made by tidal actio; 1852, and which the Southern has claimed belongs to it and which has been ed by w. C. s.w;mt of way agent for the Western c % and C. M. Montgomery for ‘the right of —— Public Favors Plan for a Conduit Railway. Calhoun May Now Go Before Board of Supervisors. The incorporation of a company for the construction In San Francisco of a con- duit system of electric street rallways may take place within a fortnight. Skilled attorneys, acting under instructions, are taking into account all legal considera- tions preliminary to the actual drawing of the necessary papers. The center and head of the great enterprise is Claus Spreckels, whose message to the publie, published in the newspapers yesterday, has given rise to great hopes and general appreciation. udolph Spreckels said yesterday that the articles of incorporation for the new street railway would probably be prepared within ten days from date. All over the city yesterday the approval of Claus Spreckels’ course was outspoken. Enough opinions favoring the construction of a conduit road and the prevention of the erection of overhead trolley wires on Market street, Sutter street and elsewhere were voiced to show that the current of public opinion is running strongly and universally in favor of the conduit sys- tem. In business houses, in banks, in shops, on the streets, in the cars, on the ferries and among men and women of all walks in life inquirers for The Call found prac- tical unanimity concerning the vital ques- tion relating to the welfare of San Fran- cisco that has been raised by the attitude of the United Railroads and the prompt and spirited action of Claus Spreckels. ‘What steps the United Railroads will take next can only be conjectured. Presi- dent Patrick Calhoun of the United Rail- roads declined to be interviewed yester- day-about the situation or about, the plans of the corporation that he heads in San Francisco. His communication of Friday, addressed to a committee of citizens head- ed -by James D. Phelan, announced prac- tically that the United Railroads’ plan for the construction of an overhead - trolley system in San Francisco' would first be carefully prepared and not submitted' to the citizens until it was completed. This was the reading that was given to it by those to whom f{t was addressed. Mr. Cal- houn preserved silence and did not explain that the communication could have any other interpretation. MAY NEXT SEEK PERMIT. The general opinion of citizens would seem to be that the next step the United Rallroads Company will take, through its president, will be the filing of an applica- tion with the Board of Supervisors for permission to change cable lines to over- head trolley lines. Whenever this is done it is expected that the Sutter Street Im- provement Club will appear, persopally and by attorneys, to oppose the granting of the United Railroads’ request. A provision in the city charter reads as follows: “The Supervisors shall have no power to grant franchises or privileges to erect poles or wires for transmission of electric power or for lighting purposes along or upon any public street or high- way of the city and county except” by competitive bidding and the payment of a percentage of the gross receipts.” This provision forestalls any possiblity of speedy action by the Supervisors, it they were inclined to move suddenly, which is considered to be improbable under existing circumstances. In any event three organizations of citizens stand in readiness to answer any call of their respective chairmen to meet and act. These organizations are the com- mittee headed by James D. Phelan, which includes representation of the As- sociation for the Odornment and Im- provement of San Francisco, the Cali- fornia Promotion Committes, the local chapter of the American Institute of Architects and the Out Door Art League, all of which are interested in the future of San Francisco; the Sutter Street Im- provement Club, and. the Pacific avenue property owners. One cause that may prevent the United Raflroads from making an application for overhead trolley privileges is the large amount of work that is reported to be before its engineering corps prelimin- ary to a final and adopted plan embrac- ing all particulars of construction &nd route. In conferences with the citzens' committes of which James D. Phelan is the chairman, the United Rallroads peo- ple intimated that there might be some diversion of route for the lines from at least some blocks by which they now run, ‘While it was sald that the routes would be generally the same, it was not denied positively that some blocks now having rafiroad facilities might not bte on the traveled routes of the United Rallroads after awhile. In addition to this suggestion of change it was infimated that the United Ralil- roads intended to put in a tunnel to go under the Powell street hill to lV’nidt the resent steep grade and so make it feas- rbh to run electric cars from Market street along Powell and through a Powell street tunnel to Clay street. The chief engineer of the United Rallroads has so many details to consider that an imme- diate application to put in overhead trol- ley lines where they do not exist may be held back for a short time, while the engineer continues his study of the situa- tion. A WAY FOR COMPETITION. | It;.:d committee of the PAYS A HIGH COMPLIMENT TO SPRECKELS “Claus Spreckels, who is a man of commanding ability in the business world, has done a magnificent thing in turning his talent and money to the service of San Francisco by offering to & finance a proposition for a mod- ern traction service with a con- duit system. This propositi; of Mr. Spreckels is made In large clvic spirit free from sus- elon of selt-interest other than of loyalty to the common good and the promotion of the welfare of the city. This is shown by the specific provision in Mr. Spreckels’ offer that “the municipal ownership idea be practically protected.” This, 4t is explained, menns that Mr. Spreckels and those interewted with him propose to comstruct equip 8 modern traction turn it over to the city in tem years. This splendid offer, coming ns it does from a ma of undoubted financial responsi- bility and with the executive refutation of the pretense United Raflroads that nn under- ground conduit system Is im- practicable in San Francisco. The ubsurdity of this is patent to any onc acquainted with the conditions in other cities; for exnmple, New York and Wash- ington, where there are hun- dreds of wiles of roads that are operated ugainst much greater handlicap of climate than is pre- sented in Sam Framcisco. The Breadway road in New York City, t all the cross town linex in ecity and all the lines in Washingtoy are rum with wires underground. Mr. Spréckels’ proposition leaves no doubt that this can be done In San Francisco. In this prope- altion Mr, Spreckels displays a public apirit that js most com- ‘mendable. This l::ln ot m multi-millionnire shows that stich ‘n man as” Mr, Spreckels miay+ be animated by splendid spirit of public service that is one of the highest expressions of patriotism in contributing to the upbuilding and beautifica- tion of the community of which stacles that have been created as against possible competition, so members of the Sutter Street Improvement Club and the Pacific avenue property owners say. The -views of some citizens who ex- pressed opinions yesterday about the | proposed competing street rallway system are published herewith: Oscar. F. Sites, manager of the Palace Hardware Company on Market street. said last evening: *“Claus Spreckels de- serves ‘the gratitude of the people of San Francisco. It now looks as if, - through his' public spirited offer, the danger of having Market stréét disfigured is les- sened. San . Francisco deserves the best that can be devised in the matter of street rallway lines. The pnderground conduit system is none too good. In fact, any other system is not good enough for this city. F “I" have read concerning the conduit railways in New York and Washington and know something about them from personal observation. Men who are com- petent to judge regarding the merits of the conduit.roads and who have no in- terest other than the public good to sub- serve declare - that the conduit is effl- cient. If that is true in Eastern citles, ‘where snow and ice are to be considered in several months annually, how much more satisfactorily must the conduit sys- tem be in San Francisco, where there Is no cold weather? “Many business mén with whom I have conversed think as I do, that it would be a misfortune to inflict a general overhead trolley system on San Francisco. ““As 1 understand the charter of San Franelsco, it is therein provided that the Supervisors cannot, under the legal pro- visions, grant privileges to erect poles or wires in the city streets for the transmis- sion of electric power or for lighting, ex- cept by competitive bidding and the pay- ment of a percentage of the gross re- celpts. The framers of the charter cov- ered the ground and understood the pos- sibilitles. The charter provisions certain- 1y have present significance. “‘The. greatest benefit that could be con- ferred upon San Francisco at this time is the one that Claus Spreckels has in mind, namely, the building of the best street railway in our streets that can be provided. He will have no lack of back- ing of popular sentiment when an appli- cation for a franchise for a competing street road system comes before the Board of Bupervisors. Claus Spreckels points out the proper thing to Uo in this emer- gency and leads In his usual masterly fashion. ~The thoroughness that has characterized his methods in whatever he has undertaken teaches all San Francis- cans what to expect from him now. “I hear that many men of capital are willing to enlist in the work that he has indicated and it is good for the city that this spirit should exist among its men of enterprise and money. | thoroughfares is general. This is a com- mercial city, but it is also picturesque and susceptible of being made rarely attract- SUPERVISORS GIVE VIEWS, L. A. Rea, chairman of the Board of - 4 this sta nt re s visors, teme: egarding Underatound condutt raitway ‘syscem: er conduit railway system: Charter Blocks Way to Any Speedy Action. Citizens Hearty in Approving Plan of Spreckels. \ He has been a public-spirited citizen and his offer to improve facilities for travel should be appreciated. In consid- ering this matter we must take into consideration the fact that the granting of a franchise to a street rallway is very important matter. A mistake made in such a case is not easily remediéd and time and weight should be given to the-proposition, “Personally, I am heartily in favor of improved conduit railways. The mat ter of a new system has not been offf- cially presented to us. Until we learn the facts in an official way we are In no position to make a positive state- ment or to render a decisfon.” Supervisor John J. Furey of the street committee of the Board of Super- visors stated that he strongly favers up-to-date street rallway service in this city. He would deliberate, he said, on the propositions offered by the United Rallroads and by Mr. Spreckels before heiwould come to any conclusion or make any recommendation to the board of which he is a member. Jennings J. Phillips of the street committee said: “Anything coming from Claus Spreckels is good. He i not only a public-spirited citizen, but he has proved his interest in the affiirs of the city as well as the State in mafy Instances. I know ,of no man on the Pacific Coast who should receive more consideration at the hands of the péo- ple than Mr. Spreckels. “This matter has not been presented before this committee in oficial form. All we know of Mr. Spreckels’ offer is what we have read in the newspapers. Mr. Spreckels is endeavoring to do what he can to Improve conditions in the city. At this time I am in no posi- tion -to state what disposition we will make of the matter. “We will grant Mr. Spreckels’ request providing it is within the policy of our public ownership pledge. .This latter matter will have to be thoroughly threshed out before our committes and before the board before any action can be taken.” AL T CONFERS ON FARE MEASURE. Mayor Favors 3-Cent Rate During Certain Hours. City Attorney Burke yesterday Neld a conference with Mayor Schmits, which the proposed ordinance fixing the rate of fare to be charged workingmen on the streetcars at 3 cents between the hours of 6 and 8 a. m. and between 5 and 6 p. m. was considered. The Mayor expressed himself as being in hearty accord with the measure and said he had no doubt that it would be passed by the Board of Supervisors. To that end the Mayor said that he will request some Supervisor to intro- duce the ordinance either at the meet- ing of the board to be held tomorrow night or Monday night of next week, Burke declared that the ordinance was designed to bring the United Rafl- roads to realizing a sense of its obliga- tiohs and dutfes as laid down fn its franchises. He also showed the Mayor the rough draft of the propesed ordi- nance fixing the rats of fare for “strap- hangers” or standing passengers at 2 cents. At the Mayor's suggestion this ordinance will not be introduced for passage until the matter of the pro- posed loop at the ferries has been de- termined upon. It was the opinion of the Mayor that if the loop plan is adopted the over- crowding of the cars would be done away with in a large measure and the “strap-hanger” would become a thing of the past. Cars would be run more speedily and In that event the necessity of a 2-cent fare for standing passen- gers would disappear. CLERK'S TWINS ARE PAID FOR BY MR. SHAW Secretary Rewards Op- ponent of Race Suicide. wm_comm WASHINGTON, March 2{—Sec Shaw learned recently that a clerk in