The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, June 19, 1896, Page 11

10 THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL FRIDAY, JUNE 19 1896. SOME OF THE CREAT CONVENTIONS, Where Many Presidents of the Nation Have Been Named. REPUBLICANS FIRST MET AT PITTSBURG. Memorable Gathering That Dis- cussed a Third Nomina- tion for Grant. Recalling Some of the Brilliant Scenes and Past but Not Faded Glories of Republicanism. The first National Convention of the Republican party met at Pittsburg Feb- ruary 22, 1856, but no nominations were made there. The nominating convention met at Philadelphia June 17. Colonel Henry S. Lane of Indiana presided. Edward Stanwood, the author of ‘‘A His- tory of Presidential Elections,”” describes the gathering which resulted in' the nom- ination for the Presidency of John C. Fre- mont, ‘‘the Pa er,”” as “one of the most spontaneous conventions ever known in our political history.” The delegates were not, according to Stanwood, chosen by any settled rule, nor was there much, if any, regard paid to the number of votes to which a State should be entitled. New York cast 96 votes, Pennsylvania 81and Ohio 69. All the Northern States were represented, as were also Delaware, Mary- land d Kentucky. *“The dissolution of the Whig party commenced by the im- po: on of the Southern platform on its National Convention of 1 " wrote Horace Greeley in his history of the Civil War, “was consummated by the eager participa- tion of most of the Southern members of Congress in the repudiation of the Missouri comrromise and the passage of the Kan- sas-Nebraska bill.” Those of whatever party who emphati- eally condemned that repudiation and who united on that basis to ignore past political denominations with a view to united action in the future, were first known simoply ebraska,” but gradually and almost taneously assumed the destgnation of Re- ans, As such they carried most of the Siate elections of 1854, but were less edly snecessful in those of 1855. Among those who were presenc were Preston King of New York, the life-long friend of Governor Morey. Here was Cas. sius M. Clay of Kentucky, a relative of the great Senator. Here was Henry Wilson of Massachusetts. Here was David Wilmot, author of the ‘‘Wilmot Provise.” There were men of varied precedents, but they were animated by a common purpose which found voice in their platform, the more material pianks oi which were the following: Resolved, That, with our Republican fathers, we hold it to be a self-evident truth thatall men are endowed with the inalienable right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness; th and tha primary object and ulterior de- sign of our Federal Government was to secure these rights to all persons within its exclusive jurisdiction; that, as our Republican fathers, when they had abolished siavery in all our National territory. ordained that mo person chould be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law, it becomes our duty to maintain this provision of the consti- tution against all attempts to violate it, for the purpose of establishing slavery in any Ter- ritors of the United States, by positive legisla- tion prohibiting i xistence and extension i the authority of Con- gress, of a Territorial Legislature, of any indi- vidual or association of individuals to give legal existence to slaveryin any territory of the United States while the present constitu- tion shall be maintained. Resolved, That the constitution confers upon Congress sovereign power over the Territories of the United States for the government, and that in the exereise of this power itis both the right and the duty of Congress to prohibit 1n the Territories those twin' relics of barbar- ism—polygamy and slavery. The assembling of this convention was less heralded than those of the great parties now. Only one ballot was taken for the Presidential nomination, which re- suited in the choice of John C. Fremont, he receiving 359 votes to 196 for John Me- Lean of Ohio. The two conventions of the Republican party which, respectively, in 1860 and 1864 nominated Abraham Lincoln for the Presidency, possess peculiar interest; the first because Lincoln was the first success- ful National standard-bearer; the second because it took place at a critical period of the Civil War. The second presents more features of dramatic interest. John W. Forney said that it was “a body which, almost beyond parallel, is directly responsible to the people. Nor has it a candidate to choose. ‘Choice is forbidden it by the previous action of the people.” Not only State conventions, but also State Legislatures, declared that Lin- coln must be the candidate betore the con- vention had assembled. New Hampsbire led off in this direction, holding the first Republican State Convention of the year. On the same day a paper which was circu- lated among the Union members of the Pennsylvania Legislature was signed by every one to whom it was presented. This was a request to Mr. Lincoln to accept a second term for the Presidency. The Union Central Committee of New York unanimously recommended the renomi- nation of Lincoln. A resolution was adopted by the Legislature of Kansas renominating the President and the Union members of the New Jersey Legis- lature took the sam= course. Connecticut, Maryl Minnesota, Colorado, Wiscon- sin, Indiana, Ohio and Maine successively expressed their desire in the same direc- tior. *‘Nowhere,” says the Nicolay-Hay history, “‘except in the State of Missouri was the name of Mr. Lincoln mentioned without overwhelming adhesion and even in the Missouri Asscmbly the resolution in favor of his remonination was laid upon the table by ouly a majority of eight.” ‘When the convention came together on June 7, 1864, it bad less to do than any other convention in American public his- tory, for the delegates were bound by a peremptory mandate. ‘This was a great gathering of represen- ative men. There were many war Gov- ernors among the delegates, these being John A. Andrew of Massachusetts, Solo- mon Foot of Vermont, Marcus L. Ward and William A. Newell of New Jersev, William Dennison and David Tod of Ohio, Governor Morgan of ' New York and Gov- ernor Blair of Wisconsin. Other noted men were Simon Cameron, Thaddeus Stevens, ex-Speaker Grow of Pennsylvania, Lyman Tremain, Henry T. Raymond, Daniel S. Dickinson and George W. Mc- Crary, the last named being from Ohio. | After the platform had been adopted | Mr. Delano of Ohio moved to proceed to | the nomination of the Presidential candi- date. Simon Cameron moved to renom- inate Lincoln and Hamlin by acclamation, but upon a suggestion made by Henry T. Raymond it was decided to proceed by the call of States after the preliminary speeches. The speech in which Abranam Lincoln was nominated was a model of brevity. It was made by B. C. Cook, | chairman of thbe Iilinois delegation, and was as follows: The State of Illinois again presents to the loyal people of this Nation for President of the United States Abraham Lincoln—God bless him! Every State gave its undivided vote for Lincoln with the exception of Missouri, which cast its vote, under instruction, for | Grant. The result of the ballot was 484 for Lincoln and 22 for Graut. Missouri having changed its vote the nomination of Lincoln was unanimotus. ' This an- nouncement was met with cheers, which were repeated many times through a period of minutes. The following para- graph from the Nicolay-Hay history ot Abraham Lincoln puts a dramatic finish to the account of that convention: Mr. Lincoln, walking over to the War Depart. ment in the afternoon, as usual, for military news, received the dispatch announcing. the nomination of Andrew Johnson before he was informed of his own. The telegram contain- ing the news of his own nomination had gone to the White House a few minutes before. The convention was opened by Senator Morgan of New York and William Denni- son of Ohio was made the chairman. And when asked what State he hails from Our sole reply shall be He hails irom Appomattox And its famous apple tree. Thus began the leader of the famous 306" as he prepared to speak in favor of the renomination of General Grant. “Never defeated, in peace or war, his name is the most illustrious borne by living man. His services attest his greatness, and the country—nay, the world—knows them by heart. His fame was earned mot alone by tnings written and said, but by the arduous greatness of things done; and perils and emergencles will search in vain in, the future, as they have searched in vain in the past, for any one upon whom the Nation leans with such confidence and trust.” A burst of ap- plause greeted the orator at these words. Never having had a policy to enforce against the will of the people he never betrayed & causeor a friend, and the people will never desert or betray him. Stanaing on the high- est eminence of human distinction, modest, | simple, firm and seli-poised, having filled all lands with his renown, he has seen not only the high-born and the titled but the poor and lowly in the uttermost ends of the earth rise and uncover pefore him. He has studied the needs and the defects of many systems of gov- ernment and he has returned a better Ameri- can than ever, with a wealth of knowledge and experience added to the hard common- sense which shone so conspicuously 1n all the fierce light that beat upon him during sixteen years—the most trying, the most portentous, the most perilous in the Nation’s history. This extract gives an idea of the elo- quence of that speech by the New York Senator who led the 306"’ and the aspira- tions for a third term for General Grant. But Benator Conkling played rarely on the feelings of his auditors when he ut- tered the following words: Having tried Grant twice and found him faithful, we are told that we must not, even Willlam J. Sewall, Omar D. Conger, Dwight M. Sabin and Philetus Sawyer, all soon to enter the Senate. General Gar- field, Governor Foster and ex-Governor Dennison were in the Ohio delegation. There were also on the roll five of General Grant’s Cabinet Ministers, namely: Bout- well of Massachusetts, Creswell of Mary- land, Williams of Oregon, Edwards Pierre- pont of New York and Cameron of Pennsylvania. Tnere were others of dis- tinction, the list of delegates including Chester A. Arthur, Governor Martin of Kansas, General Beaver and Colonel Quay of Pennsylvania, William Walter Phelpsof New Jersey, William E. Chandler of New Hampshire, Emory A. Storrs of Illinois, | Governor Warmouth of Louisiana, Gov- ernor Henderson and J. S. Clarkson of Iowa and President Seelye of Amberst College and Henry Cabot Lodge of Massa- chusetts—all prominent in the councils of the Republican party. The convention first came to order at neon, June 2, in the Exhibition Hall in Chicago, the proceedings being opened by J. Donald Cameron, chairman of the Re- publican National Committee, and after this formality prayer was offered by the Rev. Dr. Kittreage of Chicago. George F. Hoar of Massachusetts was the temporary and also the permanent chairman. In his opening speech Mr. Hoar did not broach the idea of the “unit rule,” upon which the strength of the Grant third-term movement depended. Little was accom- plished on the first day, the only significant event being the filing of cre- dentials as delegates by representatives of ten Congressioral districts of Illinois, who were named by district conventions and who were not bound by the unit rule. The that every member of it is bound in honor to support its. nominee, whoever that man may be, and that no man shall hold a seat here who is not ready to so agree. Three delegates voted no. The call of the roll of States had been demanded by Conkling on this resolution, *‘that we may know who it is in a Republican conven- tiou that votes no on such a pledge.”” The three dissenting votes all came from West Virginia. The most prominent of those who voted “no’’ was Mr. Campbell, editor of the Wheeling Intelligencer. The final overthrow of the unit rule was reached when the convention urged that the rules be so amended so that ‘‘the Na- tional Committece shall prescribe the method or methods for the election of dele- gates to the convention of 1884, provided that nothing in the method or rules =o prescribed shall be construed to prevent the several districts in the United States from selecting their own delegates to the National Convention.” The rules as re- ported wers also adopted. The platiorm having been reportec. and adopted by the convention the work of nominating the candidates was finally reachea. Some ex- tracts from the speech of Senator Conkling have been given. Mr. Toy of Michigan nominated Blaine, the seconding speech being made by Mr. Pixley of California. John Sherman was nominated by General Garfield. Senstor Edmunds was named by Krederick Billings of Vermont. Elihu B. Washburn was presented by Mr. Cas- saday of Wiscousin, and William Windom by Mr. Drake of Minnesota. These speeches were made Saturday evening. ‘They provoked so much demon- stration that a threat was made to clear | the gallery of the noisy spectators. /k-,-»/.....m-'e,.-----.,2 5& Bt~ = T e ; = MINNEADOLI 1392 . ST S L Pt S, _ CHICAGO 1876. LISTORIC CONVENTION HALLS WHERE REPUBLICAN CANDIDATES HAVE BEEN NAMED. CONVENTION OF 1880, When Roscoe Conkling Spcke for a Third Term for General Grant. The convention of 1880 embodied decid- edly dramatic features. Frank Pixley of Califorma assured the delegates thatif they would nominate Blaine the Califor- nia delegation would go home with ban ners fiying. *‘Our western sea,” poetically said Mr. Pixley, ‘“shall sound its roaring anthems across the continent to your eastern ocean; our pine-clad Sierras shail nod their tassels in graceful courtesy to the bending plumes of Maine.” “1 saw once a storm at sea,” quoth Mr. Frye of Maine. “In the mighttime a stanch old ship was fighting its fury! Darkness everywhere! The wind shriek- ing and howling through the rigging; the lightning flashing, the tbunder rolling— danger threatening ail around. I saw at the helm her pilot, in all the tempest, calm; in all the turmoil, quiet; in all the danger, courageous: in all the threaten- ings, peaceful; in all the uncertainty, hopeful. Firm, steadfast,commanding, I saw bim bring the tempest-tossed ship into harbor, into peaceful waters, into safety! That pilot was a hero.” Blaine, “the Plumed Knight,” had not reached the goal yet and this did not give him the nomination. Cool, vpolished, imperturbable, rose Roscoe Conkling when New York was reached on the roilcall of States. after an interval of years, trust him again.first \;ictury of tha My countrymen! my countrymen! what stul- tification does not such a fallacy involve? The American people exclude Jefferson Davis from public trusis. Why? Because he was the arch-traitor and would-be destroyer. And now the same people is asked to ostracize Grant and not trust him! Why? why? I repeat. Be- cause he was the arch-preserver of his country and because, not only in war, but twice as civil magistrate, he gave his highest, noblest efforts to the Repunlic. Is this an electioneer- ing juggle? Is this hypoorisy’s masquerade ? There is no field of human activity, re- sponsibility or reason in which rational be- ings object to an agent because he has been weighed in the balance and not found wanting. Gentlemen, we have only to lsten above the din and look beyond the dust ot an hour to behold the Republican party advanc- ing, with its ensigns resplendent with llus- trious achievement, marching to certain and lasting victory, with its greatest marshal at its head. This was also vain, for the nomination was destined to go to other than ‘‘the greatest marshal.” Much of the dramatic interest naturally centered on Grant and his loyal “306” and upon the ‘‘Plumed Knight” of Maine, but this was a remark- able convention in that it awarded its hon- ors 10-a delezate who sat on the floorof the house to advocate the claims of anether, and who, when fame called him, sat pai- lid and reluciant, while around him waved the banners of the convention, and the air resounded to the din made by the lusty throats of all his fellow-delegates. Seated 1n this memorable convention were Senator Conkling, General Logan, J. Donald Cameron, Preston B. Plumb, William Pitt Kellogg and Blanche K. Brace, United States Senators; Benjamin Harrison, Eugene Hale, William P. Frye, |- IR e | L St e O The balloting was resumed Tuesday morn- ing. On the twenty-ninth ballot Massachu- setts transferred the majority of its votes to Sherman. On the thirtieth ballot Sher- man advanced to 120 and Windom fell to4. The next three ballots were substantially the same. On the thirty-fourth ballot ‘Wisconsin cast 16 votes for General Gar- field. The result was thus foreshadowed. Then came the climax of the convention. Indiana, on the thirty-fifth ballot, follow- ing Wisconsin, cast 27 votes for Garfield and scattering votes carried his aggregate to 50. When the thirty-sixth ballot opened Blaine and Sherman detegates changea to Garfield. Around his head were waved the banners of the States, which had been seized by the delegates. There was a time of the wildest excitement. On this ballot General Grant’s ‘306’ voted solidly. The result of the ballot was: Garfield 399, Grant 306, Blaine 42, Washburn 5, Sher- man 3. Up rose Conkling, the leader of the 306, and in a husky voice, said: ‘“James A. Garfield of Ohio having received a ma- jority of all the votes cast Irise to move that he be unanimously presented as the nominee of this convention. I was in the act to say that I trust the zeal, the fervor and now the unanimity seen in this great assemblage will be transplanted to the field of the final conflict; and that all of us who have borne the banner against each other will be found with equal zeal carrying the banner; with equal zeal carrying the lance of the Republican party into the ranks of the enemy.” Chester A. Arthur was nominated for Vice-President on the first ballot. o S B fex c < v, LD - Ay A — —— = —=- s it anti-third term move- ment was scored by the election of Mr. Conger as chairman of the committee on credentials, Mr. Conger receiving 29 votes to 11 for Mr. Tracy of New York. General Garfield was elected chairman of the com- mittee on rules. The first test of the Grant strength was afforded by a vote on a mo- tion that the committee on rules be in- structed to report, for which General Sharpe of New York moved as a substitute that the committee on credentials be ordered to report. The substitute was Jost—318 ayes to 406 noes. This was con- sidered a measurably fair test of the rela- tive strength of the Grant and the anti- Grant forces. The unit rule broke down first in the case of Alabama, The full vote of that State was announced for the substitute motion just mentioned. A delegate pro- tested that he desired to vote against the substitute, and the chairman of the conven- tion ordered that the vote be so recorded. On the second day of the convention there was some sharp fencing on the point whether the committee on rales should be instructed to report prior to the report of the committee on credentials, General Garfield, who was tacitly ‘acknowledzed to be the anti-Grant leader, made a state- ‘ment that, acting under instructions of .his committee, he would not report until the committee on credentials had come in. General Sharpe of New York wished to get at the rules first, but this tactical move came to naught. Soon after the opening of the third day Senator Conkling offered the following resolution : S Resolved, As the sense of this ‘convention Upon the succeeding Monday the con- vention proceeded to balloting. Twenty- seven bailots were taken. The Grant dele- gates, the “solid 306,"" wore badges bear- ing the name of their candidate, and from first to last they never forsook him. They could have controlled the nomination if they had seen fit to drop their, candidate and take up a new man, but they stuck to Grant with absolute fidelity. Garfield’s name first appeared on the second ballot, when he had two votes. These two votes appeared in most of the subsequent ballot- ing. At theend of oneday of hard work the candidates continued to occupy about the same relative positions as at the beginning. The Blaine and Sher- man men appeared to be equally devoted fo their leaders. The result of the first ballot is given in detail as follows: Grant 304, Blaine 284, Sherman 93, Edmunds 34, Washburn 30, Windom 10. The Grant vote was as follows: Alabama 13, Arkansas 12, Colorado 8, Florida 8, Georgia 6, Illinois 24, Indiana 1, Kansas 4, Kentucky 20, Louisiana 8, Maryland 7, Massachusetts 3, Michigan 1, Mississippi 6, Mis- souri 29, New York 51, North Carolina 6, Pennsylvania 32, South Carolina 13, Tennessee 16, Texas 11, Virginia 18, West Virginia 1, Wisconsin 1, Dakota “1 District of Columbial, Utahi, Wyoming 1. The only delegates voting solidly for Grant were those of Arkansas, Colorado, Florida and Kentucky. The New York delegation gave 17 votes to Blaine and 2 to Sherman. ~ Pennsyivania voted Grant 32, Blaine 23, Sherman 3. Illinois voted Grant 24, Blaine 10, Wash- burn 8. Conkling demanded and secured the rollcall when New York was reached. CONVENTION OF 1884 Senators, a Cabinet Minister and a retired general, . Farly in the convention a resolution similar to one that had been introduced by Senator Conkling in the convention of 1880 was urged on the opponents of Blaine. This set forth that every delegate who took part 1n the convention ‘‘was bound in honor to support the candidate of the con- vention.” George William Curtis led the protest against this and said: “A Repub- lican and a free man 1 came to this con- vention, and by the grace of God a Republican and a free man I will go.” The resolution was withdrawn. For the first time in a National Conven- tion a colored man was proposed for tem- porary chairman—Senator Lynch of Mis- sissippi, whose nomination was seconded by George William Curtis and Theodore Roosevelt—and he was elected as such of- ficer over Powell Clayton of Arkansas, who was recommended for temporary chairman by the National Committee. Thus, before a baliot had been reached Blaine had met with two slighi reverses. However, Blaine’s star was clearly ia the ascendant. To defeat his nomination all his opponents needed to unite upon Arthur. The Arthur men pleaded with Curtis, Lodge and Roosevelt, who did their best against Blaine, to turn from Edmunds to Arthur. “Clinging to Ed- munds you will surely nominate Blaine,” they said. They tried to bring out Robert T. Lincoln, but all invain. At each ballot Blaine gained, while Arthur lost. Hawley gained two votes on the fourth b:ulloz. Lincoln jumped from four to eight on the third, but sank to two on the fourth. There was “‘noted & curious ten- dency in the knees of some of the Ed- munds men, particuiarly those from Massachusetts, to knock together audibly Wwhenever the name of Blaine was men- tioned in their hearing,” and they, little by little, deserted their favorite. Under the management of Powell Clayton, Arkansas started a bolt of Southern dele- gates away from Arthur. Assured that he himself could not win, Logan turned over to Blaine his Illinois delegation. Upon the fourth ballot *‘the Plumed Knight'’ was nominated. As soon as President Arthur was notified of the result he tele- graphed his congratulations to Mr. Blaine. WHERE THEY WERE HELD. Chicago Built the First Convention Hall for the Nomination of Lincoln. Chicago inaungurated the idea that Na- tional Convention halls should be built to hold the multitude back in May, 1860, when it constructed the immense wooden wigwam made famous by the first nom- ination of Abrabam Lincoln. The Democratic convention of 1856, which nominated Pierce and King, was held in Cincinnati, the first one in the West. The Charleston convention of 1860 was held in a hall that would seat only 1500 people, and the three Baltimore conven- tions of the same year were held. one (the Douglas) in a theater, the Bell-Everett in a church and the Breckinridge in a hall with a capacity of not more than 2000. But halls of that size will not answer now, for there are almost 2000 delegates and repre- sentatives of the press who have business to transact in the convention building, to say nothing of the throngs of outsiders who think it their duty to see personally to the naming of the Presidential candi- dates and the framing of the platform principles upon which they shall stand. New York has had but one National Convention of either of the great political parties, the Democratic, of 1868, which nominated Seymour and Blair, and that was held in Tammany Hall. Even then, an effort was made to stampede the con- vention for Pendleton of New York, and both parties have been wary of New York ever since. Baltimore, in the early days of the present great parties, was the great politi- cal convention city. It had the convention that nominated Van Buren and Johnson, and the next four that succeeded in the Democratic party, that of 1840, when Van Buren was nominated the second tine, and without a VicesPresident; that of 1844, which named Polk and Dallas; 1848, which named Lewis Cass and Butler, and 1852, which named Pierce and King. Those conventions were easily accommodated in ordinary sized halls, for the crowds that attended them were as nothing compared to the throngs that flow into convention cities nowadays. ’ The Nstional Union Convention of 1868 which nominated General Grant for Presi- dent was held in Crosby’s Opera-house in Chicago, beginning May 20, The scene rep- resents the time of the announcement of General Grant as a candidate, May 21. The Republican National Convention of 1872 was hield in the Academy of Music, Philadelphia. The convention is pictured as it appeared when the cnairman an- nounced the nomination cf General Grant. The Republican National Convention of 1876 was held in Exposition Hall, Cincin- nati, and began June 14, The hall was a parallelogram a block inlength and a quar- ter of a block wide. It accommodated over 5000 persons who were present the second day. The chairman has just announced the nomination of Governor Rutherford B. Hayes of Ohio for President. The Republican National Convention of 1880, which nominated James A. Garfield, was held in the Exposition building in Chicago, being organized June 2. The Republican National Convention of 1884, which nominated James G. Blaine for President, was held in Chicago in the Exposition building, opening June 3. The convention of 1888, by which Ben- The Victory of the Plumed Knight at Chicago — Speech of Georgs William Curtis. Few readers can have forgotien the speech made by Colonel Ingersoll in 1876 when he presented the name of James G. Bilaine to a National Republican Conven- tion in connection with the Presidency. “Leader of the leaders” and “the Piumed Knight” were among the epithets applied to Blaine by Ingersoll. The convention which selected him finally as the National champion was held in Chicago June 3, 1884. Blaine had been wholly out of public life since his retire- ment from the Cabinet, a short time after the death of President Garfield. This had prevented him from appearing in his old, conspicuous position as a party leader. On the first ballot Blaine had 33434 votes. The third candidate in point of initial strength wes Senator Edmunds of Ver- mont, who commanded 93 votes at the start, his delegates being principally from Massachusetts, Vermont and New York. General Logan was the candidate of Illi- nois and had enough outside votes to give him a total of 63} on the first ballot. Senator Hawkes oi Connecticu:, S8enator Sherman of Ohio, Robert T. Lincoln and General W..T. Sherman were also voted for. The only one of the list who held no official position at the time of holding this convention was Blaine. His rivals em- braced one President, four United States jamin Harrison was made the Republican standard-bearer, was held in the Audi- toriam building, Chicago. The view rep- resents the convention in session. This was at the time unfinished. There were no windows, and the hall was illuminated by electric lights. It was covered during the convention with a temporary roofing, and floors and galleries of pine were built for the occasion. The seating capacity was 7000. The Republican Convention of 1892, which nominated Benjamin Harrison, was held in Mibneapolis. The conven- tion auditorium was constructed within an inaustrial exposition building. The seating capacity could easily have been made 20,000, but was limited to 11,000 for prudential reasons. The delegates were seated on the main floor directly undera huge skvlight. Minneapolis expended about $90,000 to care for the convention. The doctrine of nationality, planted deep in the hearts of the American people, is our only sheet-anchor of safety for the future. * * * The idea that we are a Nation, that we are one people, undivided and indivisible, should be a plank in the platform of every party. It should be printed on the banner of every party. It should be taught in every school, academy and college. It should be the political north star by which every political manager should steer his bark.—OLIVER P. MORTON.