The New York Herald Newspaper, September 17, 1873, Page 6

6 BAKER. Special Letter from the Herale Correspondent at the Junc- tion of the Blue and White Niles. Full Description of the Great Expedition and the Re- sults Accomplished. The Albert Nyanza-Tangan- yika Problem. Bitter Foes of Civilization in Central Africa. POISON AND TREACHERY. Reasons Why the Great Traveller Did Not Navigate His Own Lake. PERFIDY OF THE NATIVES. The Insensate Opposition of Abu Sant. An Expedition which Cost Over $5,000,000. The Splendid Climate Equatorial Africa. In Melancholy Fate of Poor Higginbotham. Plans For the Future Development of the Great Basin of the Nile. THE TRADE IN “BLACK IVORY.” How the Soudan and Outlying Provinces Should Be Governed. The following is the special letter from our cor- respondent at Khartoum, a telegraphic summary of which has already veen published in the HERALD, It will be read with great interest, because it comes from the pen of a traveller of distinguished name, and a geographer connected with many of the learned societies of Europe. Kuartovw, July 12, 1873, On the Sth of this month I telegraphed you Baker Pacha’s arrival at this place and the chief points relating to his expedition. A PREDICTION FULFILLED. It has all turned out in the manner I predicted in the month of December last, with the difference only that the obstacies which Baker Pacha had to surmount were not caused by his own proceedings but resulted from intrigues which the ivory dealers had planned beforehand, andin which they were, as it is now stated, assisted even by the Turkish commanders. The chief diMcuities under which the expedition fabored consisted in the deficiency of means for transporting the steamboats, baggage and men ‘rom Gondokoro, as the Baris did not provide any vorters, and unfortunately CAMELS AND MULES aad not been thought of, This prevented the ex- ploration of the Albert Nyanza, and thus the in- seresting assertion of the inhabitants of the squatorial zone that the Albert Nyanza and the Tanganyika are united, and which is the most in- teresting item of the Nile expedition, remains as ret unsupported, THE GREAT GEOGRAPHICAL PROBLEM OP AFRICA. According to this supposition the two lakes to- | rether would be over 700 miles in length, and | would enable ships to go from the Albert Nyanza | to Ujiji, In consequence of the above circum. | stances Baker, on jeaving Goucokoro, was only | enabled to take 200 men and very little baggage | with him, WAR, One-balf of the men he stationed at Fatiko; with | the other 100 he arrived at Musindi, the residence of the chief Kabrega, where he intended establish- ing @ sort of headquarters, The chief Kabrega demanded of Baker that he should go to war with | bim against Rionga his (Kabrega’s) enemy, and | kill him. Baker repited that he would kill any | one insulting either himself or any one of his men, | but that he would not go to war against Rionga, who had always been friendly to him. POISON. This refsal galled the chiel, aD’ influenced by the traders, who had already ! and he vowed to | fave his revenge, At first he tried to polson Baker's men, sending them one evening ten jugs of poisons beer. Antidotes, which were im- | mediately syglied, saved all those who had partaken | of the drink from death, Early next morning Baker ordered two officers to see Kabrega and to | demand 01 hi reason of his marderous inten- | tions. These envoys were murdered at the door of the royal palace. At the same time the war song was intoned and Bak camp attacked by many | thousands of blacks armed with lances and guns, THE BLACKS there do not fight in the open fleld; they shoot their enemies with their guns and arrows from behind the high grass, The party tous attacked | can neither defend itse}f nor make an attuck en | masse in these impenetrable cane forests, Baker, | seeing tho impossibility of succeeding with 100 men against an enemy 10,000 strong, gave the order to set fire to everything ali round and to sound THE RETREAT. During seven Gays Baker was pursued and en- | gaged in continual skirmishes, whereby he lost tirty men, Baker only reached a place of se- | tribute to swe drawn up and filed and they are now in tne nanas of the government here for further use against Abu Saut, who is at present in Egypt. INFAMY OF THE IVORY DRALERS, Thus, as remarked above, it is proved that all the dimMculties which beset Baker were causea by the ivory traders, and not by tne savages, The reason for this is easily found in the fact that the tragers cannot export any slaves in Baker’s presence, and thus their most lucrative employment is taken away from them. From a humanitarian point ot view all the ivory trade in the country of the blacks should be forbidden, as it is statistically shown that the ivory gained does not even detray the expenses, and the profit which the speculators make is made by dealing in human be:ngs. Let us state it openly. Baker Pacha, on his return voyage on the White River, passed three ships laden with slaves which Were captured in Fashoda and sent on to Khartoum with a military escort, These slave transports be- long to the infamous Akad, THE SLAVE TRADE, Tho Egyptian government is bound to suppress this hideous trade energetically, and, as it is as- serted by some people that the ivory trado will suffer thereby, we state emphatically that the ivory trade is only the cloak under which tne illegal slave trade is carried on, Tne supply o! ivory is growing scarcer every year ; 1,000 cantars of it only came into the Khartoum market this year. With- out laying claim to being a prophet, I think that from my long experience I can safely predict that within the next ten years the Khartoum ivory trade willbe reduced almost to nothing. It is greatly pref- erable to suppress at once the suspicious and un- important ivory trade of the White Nile. The pecuntary right must be sacrificed for humanity's sake, This is the only way to sarisfy the demands of modern civilization and to abolish the slave trade in the interior of Africa. But after the above mentioned deplorable occurrence PRACR returned to the party and Baker Pacha could now undertake the political government of that oxten- BSive district. Thule, who was the Governor in that place, will- ingly recognized the government. Every house voluntarily paid tribute by the month, which con- sisted of a basket of corn and a bundle of straw, Widows, foreigners, sick and poor persons are ex- empt from tins tax. On Baker’s arrival he was requested to take measures that the natives would henceforward protect him. HOMEWARD. When Baker Pacha returned to Gondokoro with the last instalment of his contract, the English en- gineers and mechanics of that place declared that they would cease working that day for they wished to begin their journey homeward. A general de- parture for Khartoum was the result. Up to the present time three government sta- tions—Gondokoro, Fatiko and Rionga—have been established, but according to Baker’s plan eight Stations there should be between Gondokoro and Unioro, in order that they might be able to com- Tunicate with one another, For this purpose Baker Pacha says 1,000 soldiers and 400 camels are still required for an uninterrupted communication. For want of the means of transportation 3,200 pieces of elephants’ teeth must remain behind as a deposit at Fatiko, A BUROPRAN REQUIRED. But, above all things, the continuation and accom- plishment of the work of civilization requires that Baker should find an able successor, who, accord- ing to the Pacha’s view, must be a European. Ac- cording to good authority it appears that Baker himself wished to return once more to the Equa- tor; or his nephew, Lieutenant Baker, of the navy, will be selected for the direction of Central African civillzation. Of the three least portable portions of the disjoined iron steamers which were intended tor the expedition of the Al- bert Nyanza one put into the port and another lies still in the store of Gondokoro; the third is at Khartoum. All depends now on the future, and the duty devolves upon Baker's successor to con- struct a vesseion the sea and to certify, without doubt, the connection of the Albert Nyanza with the Tanganyika, Scarcely any tliness appeared among the members of the Nile expedition in that magnificent equatorial climate. Only one single soldier died of fever, and the chief engincer, Hig- ginbotham, I am sorry to say, died of typhoid fever, and he was buried by the side of the mis- sionaries who had died in that place. THE Cost. According to general accounts from the Divan here the whole expenditure of the Baker expedi- tion amounts to £1,015,000. To-morrow Baker lacha departs for Egypt via Berber and Suakin, and thence to Stamboul, where the Viceroy expects him. ART MATTERS, A New and Interesting Little Art Col- lection, Upon ascending the first flight of stairs at No. 709 Broadwuy will be ‘ound a small and unpreten- tious, but quite a valuable and interesting art col- lection, consisting of oil paintings, mintatures, antique books, busts, vases, drawings, armor and laces. The collection has just been brought from Europe by an English artust and is exhibited for the first time. Owing to the earliness of the sea- son and to the lack of judicious advertising this little stock of antiquities has not been as much visited or become as well known as it deserves to be, The modesty with which its merits have been put forward is quite as remarkable as the intrinsic value of some of the articles to be | found in it, There are about 300 of these in all. Among the oil paintings are an original picture, “Paul and Barnabas at Antioch,” by Benjamin West; some landscapes and interiors by Teniers, some marines by Callow, a ‘Portrait of Miss Bun- bury,” by Reynolds; “Sarah Malcolm," by Hogarth; some heads by Gainsborough, an ‘Autumn Land- scape,” by Leslie; a large gallery picture by Berg- hem, and miscellaneons works by Hondins, Her- ring and Greuze, The drawings are very lew, not numbering more than @ dozen; but among them are one bearing the signature of Tempesta; a “Holy Family,” by Gennaro; and sketches by H. Bright, Oudry and Gains- borough. Hogarth, Gravelot and Grignion con- @ small selection of engravings. About twenty picces of stained glass represent the Penitent Thief, the Crucifixion and Ascension, the Black Prince, St. Colomba, Ethclbald, Henry the Second, Henry the Fourth and Edward the Third, of Engiand; Various floriated designs, figures of saints and allegories. There are terracotta statuettes modelled by Eugene Blot, felicitous in their expression of peasan geois character, We leave to the ladies the criti- cism of the laces and old china, merely remarking that Brussels and Pusher are foun among the one and Delft and Vaiencla among the other. Among bronzes figures Bandin’s “Dying Gladiator,” after the antique; among Etruscan vases some admirable specimens irom the collection of the poet Rogers, } nd a Carl Cheodore figure of Cupid contrasts with @ fine old Sevres bisquet group. A set of twelve curious medallions of the Cwesars is in sliver re- For the benoof of the confirmed anti- will be found a singular old mariners’ with apparatus used previous to the in- The miniatures com- well, De Witt, quarts compass, vention of the quadrant. rise likenesses of Crom ancroft, Liston, Mme. Recailer, Miss Lan- don, Countess of Cumberiand, Byron and the Duchess of Montague. The collection of books is sinall, but interesting. The exhibitor has stowed eccentric and important odds and ends into small compass. A two volume copy of “Euripides,” printed by Paulus Stephanas in 1602 Lonser- vandw Bone Valetudinis,” printed at Frankfort, “Biblia Germani Calatina,” Witteberg, 1565; curity after having entered the territory of Rionga, Kabrega’s chief enemy. He then formed an | alliance witn Rionga, placed thirty men at lis dis- | posal, promised to send him 200 more from Fatiko | and Gondokoro, with the order that when he was retuforced by these troops he was to attack Kabrega and pursue him until he was killed, after which Rionga would be recognized and provected by the Egyptian government as sole chief of the ‘United and great kingdom. After this Baker re- turned, with thirty men, to Fatiko, where, instead of being received with frendliness, he was saluted With bullets by the neighboring trading company Ol the Akad. Several soldiers fell at Baker's sidce Baker's troops immediately ATTACKED WIC TAB BAYONET, whereby 140 Nubians were killed and a great num- ber taken prisoners, The latter, when asked for the cause of the attack, said that they had received orders {rom their leader, Abu Sant, to kill the “Vite and Philippi Melancthonis,’’ 1566; ‘Herodoti"’ ydides,’’ 1662; “Sancti Gregori Nanzian- zen, Liceronis de Ofietis,” 1564; “Orlando Furloso,” 1541, and a curious liluminated diploma, with seal attached, bearing the date 1663, complete the book department. Altogether the little reper- tory is unique and interesting, well worthy several visits. THE UNKNOWN DROWNED, The corpse of an unknown man driited upon the Sound beach, near Oldfield Point lighthouse, at Port Jefferson, on the 12th inst. The body was that of a man six feet bigh, well proportioned, ap- parently of fair complexion, though having dark | hair and @ slight mustache. On the fourth finger | of the right hand of the deceased was a heavy plain gold rivg, and there were small | gold Studs in the bosom of his ile was about thirty-five years of age. The body was attired in a fine musiia shirt, kuit undershirt and musiin drawers. On the shirt was marked the letters "G. M——tts,"’ the middle letters of the sur- | nume bemg unintelligible. Justice Oran held an shire. | THE VIENNA EXHIBITION. Francis Joseph in the World’s Exposition, Imperial Visit to the American Agricul- tural Hall and to the Rural School House. What the Kaiser Has to Say About American Schools, MOWERS AND REAPERS. American Inventions on the Imperial Estates. LESSONS OF THE EXHIBITION VIENNA, August 28, 1873, The Emperor Francis Joseph 1s certainly the most industrious and conscientious visitor ofgthe Expo_ Gition in Austria, Twice or three und week We meet him and his little suite, preceded or ac- companied by Baron Schwarz-Senbirn, now wan- dering through the gallery and transepts of the Industrial Palace, now examining the products of human genius and invention inthe Machinery Hall, now passing in and ont of the curiously constructed pavilions and peasant cottages, The Kaiser's face has become one of the most familiar on the grounds, He always weers a hopeful look when he comes, apparently not werrted about pro spective deficits, charming and agreeable to every one introduced to him, listening attentively to any explanation that may be offered, making 1ew re- marks himself, but evidently desirous of doing all in his power personally to make the Exhibition a success to Austro-Hungary, by giving his nobles and manufacturers, and, indeed, all bis subjects, an example of painstaking fidelity in endeavoring to learn as much as possible from what the world exhibits in this capital. As a rule, His Imperial Majesty drives down to the Prater about ten or eleven o'clock in the morning, and spends three, four or more hours in examining some special de- partment, which is selected for him beforehand, whither the commissioner or commissioners of the land in which the department is situated are in- vited to attend. Baron Schwarz-Senborn formally presents the commissioners to the Emperor, one of the number is requested to act as spokesman, and thus the rounds are made, FRANCIS JOSEPH UMTS THe AORRICAN DEPARTMENT |AIN, The Emperor designed originally that his visits to the Exposition should be limited to eighteen; finding this number insufficient, he has apparently determined to keep on coming as long as the thing lasts, Of this number he has paid four visits to various sections of the American department. His first visit was to the Machinery Hall, over two months ago, but was incomplete, inasmuch as His Majesty was already tired when he reached our de- partment, and, alter examining @ few objects and expressing some complimentary words on Ameri- can machinery and manufactures, he left, promising torenew his visit. Then came the visit ‘tq our much- abused department in the western transept of the main building and jn the covered court, when His basis of the genius of our people, and on it de- pended our national welfare and existence. Sing- ing charts, the Declaration of Independence, the constitution of the United States and the harmo- nium were duly explained. The Emperor listened attentively, paased on from object to object, and turned over the leaves of a Colton map to sce if Austria had tound a place therein. He had perhaps been reading an assertion made not long ago by the Vienna journals, that in one of the geographies or atlases in the school room it was stated that Austria still belonged to the German Empire, or some such curious fact. The Emperor passed into the adjoining room, and after he had seen about all there was, he bade adieu to the Commissioners in a cordial manner, and after Baron Schwarz had shaken hands all round, and had informed us how pleased and de- lighted with everything and everybody was His “Imperial and Royal and Apostolic Majesty, my most gracious Emperor,” the visit ended, and the imperial party wended its way to regions in the Prater unknown to your correspondent. THE IMPERIAL VISIT TO THR MOWERS AND REAPERS. The Emperor visited the American Agricultural Machinery Hall on Friday last. He was received by Professor Hoyt and Architect Reck, who was requested by Baron Schwarz-Senborn to conduct His Imperial and Apostolic Majesty, and explain the nature of the various machines exhibited. The Emperor had already visited the English agricul- tural hall, and after completing ours went to the French, Our agricultural hall ts @ long, wide building, situated back of the English Agricultural Hall, between the main Exposition building and the Machinery Hall. It 18 a modest but striking exhibit, consisting for the most part of mowers, reapers, ploughs, horse rakes and cther implements designed to lessen the toll of the farmer, The English agricultural department makes, of course, a mach greater show of heavy, ponderous machinery, but in the especial department to which ours is devoted can- not bear comparison. It will be remembered that at the reaper trial, a few weeks ago, the Englist manufacturers declined to enter into competition. A better designation for the American Agricnitural Hall would be, perhaps, the Hail of Mowers and Reapers, 80 greatly do these implements predominate in our exiubit, andin these the Emperor was evidently most interested, being bimseif fond of rural pur- suits and the owner of many American agricuitu- ral machines, now in use on his various estates, Messrs. D, M. Osborne & Co., of Auburn, N, Y., the exhibitors of the drst display looked at by Francis Joseph, declare on & placard that they have fur- nished of the Burdick “Ceres” combined reaper and mower no less than seventeen to the imperial family estates, to say nothing of other machines of which the exhibitors modestly do not tell us, THE VARIOUS SYSTEMS, The exhibit of mowers, reapers, combined mowers and reapers, &c., &c., certainly docs us great credit, aud the Austrian Emperor repeatedly expressed his surprise and delight at the elegance and great practicability of most of the machines, Messrs, Osborve’s exhibit includes the Burdick reaper, the Kirby grass mower and the Kirby com- bined mower and reaper, with automatic rake, which attracted the attention of His Majesty for some time, as well as did two pretty models of machines, of which he asked many questions as to their use in America and the number annually exported to Europe. <Adriance, Platt & Co.'s (New York) exhibit—the Buckeye mower and reaper, with self-raking attachment—was curi- ously examined by His Majesty, who then passed on to Warder, Mitchell & Co.’s (Springfield, Uhio) exhibit of the Champion mower and the Champion reaper, with self-raking attachment, and asked Mr. Reck to point out the differences in working. Next came J, F, Sieberling & Co,’s (Akron, Ohio) mower; mower and reaper combined, with drop- ping attachments; mower and reaper combined, with self-raking attachments. Then the exhibit Majesty spent over two hours in examining ob- Jects und listening to explanations about firearms and pig killing, red Indians and corn whiskey, and looking at the cunning handiwork of the young gentlewomen of the sewing machine department, leaving the exhibitors with a pleasant feeling that the department was not so gloomy and miserable and shabby after all, and that if we did not make a big show in articles for padding, the genius of our country was correctly apprectated by the Emperor when, through Baron Schwarz, he said that in all departments of industry American articles bore upon them the evidence of intellectual labor and skill, THE SCHOOL HOUSE, And now we have two more imperial visits to chronicle—the one made on Friday last to our Ag- ricultural Machinery Hall, and the second to that charmingly cool lounging and gathering place of everything that claims to be American on the grounds, the much talked of and abused rural school house, All your readers will know of the location of this temple of education by this time. Emerging trom the southern transept of the Ameri- can department, the first thing that greets your eye ts this unpretending structure, nestled cosily amid a group of agreeable shade trees. All day long groups of Americans can be seen chatting on the steps, while others take possession of the schoolmarm’s apartinent, the coolest room m the Prater, where a delicious breeze fans through, bearing with it from morning till night the weird, Sweet-melancholy strains of Hungarian gypsy music from the Czarda, The schoolroom proper isa bre high room, fitted up with desks, the walls decorated with maps and charts and pictorial Wustrations; the desks and tables covered with the books and educational publications in use in our ordinary country schvols, From our own people the school house has frequently been deerled as not representing enough. The Viennese critics have nevertheless written much in its praise, in the correct appreciation of the fact that s“hools con- ducted so simply, yet admirably, are not found either in Austrian or German rural districts, and models of our larger educational institutions and courses of instruction are to be seen in the American transept. If I am not mistaken it was Lyman Bridges who conceived the idea of erecting the buliding, and carried it into execution in spite of much opposition and many obstacles, Mr. Bridges was one of the Artisan Commission- ers—a loyal worker, who was obliged to take his wife home to the States some time 4go on account of her impaired health. Now, in that literary produc- tion of delightiul reading ana egregious errors published by the Imperial Commission, and entitled the “OMicial List of Prizes,” we find the name of “Leeman,” with @ decoration of “diploma of merit’ or “honorable mention for building tne American school house.’ A Turkish magician, well versed in cunning methods of examining the depth of in- teliect displayed in the English publica. tions of the Imperial Commission, is of the opinion that this “Leeman” is but Germanized English—which, God be praised, is in 80 many instances too much for modern Anglo Saxon inteliects—for Lyman, which the compilers of the catalogue had imagined to be the surname of Lyman Bridges. So much for the builder. THE EMPEROR'S VISIT TO THE SCHOOL HOUSE was brief, scarcely occupying @ quarter of an hour. He was dressed in the uniform of an Austrian fleid marshal, aud was accompanied, as usual, by Baron Schwarz-Senvorn, He was received at the entrance to the schol house by Professor Hoyt, who is now Assistant Commissioner, and who has won many laurels here for his champtonship of American education in the assemblies of his juror- group, where he procured no less than four diplomas of honor andIdo not know how many progresses, merits and co-operations, Besides Proiessor Hoyt there were three other of our Com- missioners—Dr. Warder, Mr. Mernsee aad Professor Beck, of the University of Virginia, Professor Hoyt was requested by Baron Schwarz-Senborn to con- duct His Imperial Majesty through the schoo! house, and to make the necessary explanations, which he did, Francis Joseph showed considerable tnterest in the interior arrangements of the school room, especialiy in the forms of the seats and desks, and the Guyot maps and charts exhibited on the walls. His Majesty was unusuaily liberal in his expressions, of commendation and in bis questions, desiring to | know the age at which children commenced to go to school with us, how many hours of study per day, and 40 on, to all of which Projessor Hoyt re- plied, telling His Majesty that in the United Nusrani (Christian) —Baker Pacha—on his retara, Baker Pacts had these assertions carefully inquest tu the absence of the Corover, and @ ver- | dict of “found drowned” was returned, States the idea prevailed that education was the of the Johnston Harvester Company (Brockport, N, Y.), of mower, self-raking reaper, combined sell- raking reaper and mower. Then Aultman, Miller & Co.'s (Akron, Ohto) Senior and Junior Buckeye mowers, with self-raking reaper attachment, and Buckeye mower and reaper, with Miller’s table- rake reaper attachment; and then Waiter A, Wood's exhibit, whose large occupied space makes & brilliant appearance im flags and chromos and medais, and glowing-colored cards announcing the fact that Mr. Wood is the happy possessor of a diploma of honor, the highest award granted, for mowers and reapers. Mr. Wood ex- hibits Locke’s harvester and binder, Wood's champion reaper, Wood's prize mower (which finds @ purchaser im the Austrian High School jor Agriculture in Vienna) and the bweepstakes mower and reaper. His Majescy showed deep interest in the exhibit, congratulated Mr. Wood on his success, and, after examining the machines carejully, began to scan the libera; display of placards and announcemcats. He could scarcely credit the assertion that 169,468 machiues had been made and sold by this firm, and 17,000 alone im this season. The Emperor was pleased to hear that many machines found their way to his empire, and especially to Hungary, where, he thought, the vast pusstas would offer as good a field for the use of such machines as the prairie stretches of the Weat. OTHER AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY. This completed the first side of the hall. The other was o/ less interest to the imperial eye, but is nevertheless a good collection. Tompkins’ horse rake; a threshing and cleaning machine !rom the Trenton Agricuitural Works, Trenton, N, J.—dusty, and not put in working order tor sume reason un- explained; Gecmen’s malt kiln, grain dryer and malt sprouter; a corn husker from the Phillips Spiral Corn Husker Company, Hadson, N. Y.; Throop’s grain-cleaning machine, and the practical display of cultivators and teeth plows, steel and cast fron hoes and rakes, by the Remington Ag- ricultural Works, Ilion, N. ¥., attracted [His Majesty's attention in various degrees. Collins & Co.'s “Eclipse ’’ prairie and plantation gang ploughs were an peers | feature to Francis Joseph, Pointing to the seat for the driver, he said, smil- ing, “The American farmer is a happy individual; he knows how to get the most jabor accomplisned at the least possible expense of money and power. We have much to learn.’ ‘Then tollowed Deere & Co.’s (Moline, Ill.,) exhibit of ploughs and cultivators; lawn mowers from the Hill Archi- medean Lawn Mower Company, Hasviord,Conn. ; the mowing machines manutactured by the Superior Machine Company, Wheeling, W. Va.; the Buck- eye drill and the wheel horse rake of Wheeier, elick & Co., Albany, N. Y.; a stubble and sod jough (Garden City cultivator), by the Furst Bradiey Manulacturing Company, Chicago; the Mars! arvester (Marsh, Steward & Ce., Piano, Hl), with binding attachment, and a sulky corn. plough and cultivator, from the Marsh Harvester Manufacturing Company (Sycamore, Ill.) : the display of mowing machines by the Spragte Mowing Machine Uompany, Provi- dence, RK. 1; the Advance mower and reaper, from cyrus H. McCormick, Chicago, and other interesting exhibits, among which we mention the Chadborn & Coldwell Manufacturing Company's (Newburg, N. Y.), hand lawn mower; @ horse rake from J. B. West, Genesee, N. Y.; @ grain and seed drill from Ludlow & Roger! ‘spring eld, Ohio; combined seed sower and cultivator from Henry L. Hall, Chicago, Mls. ; loughs and a pulverizing arrow from the NewYork Plough Company, Newark, N. J.; the Eureka smut machine from Howes & Babcock, . Y., and other implements, KSSONS OF THR RXPOSITION, Tne Kafer of Austria 18 more of an observer than @ critic on these Exhibition pilgrimages. Very fortunate, too, it is for his reputation; for if Our enterprising mowing or sewing machine men got hold of an imperial utterance in their favor the world would rer hear the last ou it. Francis Joseph is this year, at least, as he has been since his fa national misfortune, a learner, ‘Those of our Commissioners who have had tre- quent opportunities of noticing the Emperor on the occasions of these visits declare that he increases his knowledge with every suc- cessive visit, and Professor Hoyt ‘assures his iriends that Francis Joseph is one of the most ractical, common sem reeable and cour- ous emperors he the pleasure of knowing, We have no desire to chant a long hymn of imperial praise, however. We wish merely to do Francis Joseph jmstice in repre- senting him to America at home as he appears among us abroad—as a man in the highest position in his reaim, a descendant of the gods, maybe— ruling at least by the right said to be conferred by Heaven—the ruler of many millions of peopie, placing upon himself the duty and the obligation of viewing and studying the products of industry, science and art gathered together in his capital, and thus setting an example to his people to teach them to gain compensation in the lessons of the Bxhibitron for the material deficit that will be left as the record o1 1873, But the Emperor and the ople have already accepted the great truth, that his probable deficit of $7,000,000 oF $8,000,000 or more has been well spent in showing to the world what Austria can do, and that the Exhibition may be made the starting | fa of Austrian commercial end national progperi! and Sseparatin, Stiver Creek, + NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 17, 1873—QUADRUPLE SHEET, PERU. The Diplomatic Negotiations with Japan Re- ferred to Imperial Russian Arbitration. Coolie Trade Horrors and Probable Suppression of the Traffic—A Revolutionist Movement in Sudden Collapse — Democracy Against Political Immoralities— Industrial Expansion and Public Profits. Lraa, August 20, 1873, The famous case of the Peruvian ship Maria Luz, which met with such inhospitable treatment at the hands of the Japanese authorities on account of her cargo of Chinese coolles, is again before the public, but now ina highly satistactory light. Re- cent despatches from Captain Garcia y Garcia, the Peruvian Plenipotentiary to His Majesty of Jeddo, inform this government of the important fact that the FINAL PROTOCOL OF ADJUSTMENT was signed on the 19th of July last, by which the two interested parties solemnly agree to refer the differences to the arbitration of the Czar of all the Russias, and tt is undérstood that this poteutate authorized, in @ measure, the use of his august name, According to the diplomatic notes which have been exchanged and tne conferences which have been held be- tween Woojeno, Minister for Forein Affairs for Japan, and Captain Garcia, the imperial govern- ment has emphatically declared that no insult was intended to the dignity of Peru, and consequently the question is reduced to a mere settlement of the pecuniary liability of the Empire to the aggrieved Peruvian mariners. This termination of the dell- cate mission entrusted to the charge of Captain Garcia is highly applauded here, and in Jeddomany of the members of the Diplomatic Corps formally complimented him on the success achieved, If it is honorable for Peru that such a happy solution of the entanglement bas been arrived at, it is equally gratifying to witness the rare example of an Eastern empire adjusting such difficulties by following the dictates of reason without having the guns of the enemy sfiotted and ready for the energetic interference hitherto almost always employed. ‘The members of THE PERUVIAN LEGATION have received the most distinguished attentions from the Mikado and his Court—banquets, excur- sions and a hundred other ctivilities were show- ered upon them. Up tothe burning of the grand palace their life was one continued round of festi- vities, but that unfortunate event not only seri- ously inter/ered with the negotiations, but put a sudden stop to all amusements. Nevertheless I am assured by some of the attachés, who have re- turned, that the life of a diplomat in Japan, ordi- narily speaking, is excessively dull, and only is existence tolerable to those residents more ac- tively engaged in mercantile pursuits. Captain Garcia should now be on his road TO PEKIN, where he is to negotiate with the Prince Kung, the Chinese Tallyrand. Inreturn for the guarantees which Peru now offers for the proper treatment of the Chinamen arriving at her shores and her promise to repatriate them when their term of service may have expired, Captain Garcia will solicit irom China the eee pe engaging labor- ers in her northern ports, where the men are tar more vigorous and of better character than the murderers and lepers now brought out by the coolie ships. It is not generally believed, however, that the request will be granted. THIS TRAFFIO IN COOLIES, although indispensable for the proper develop- ment of the agricultural wealth of this country, has many and grave defects. Cruelty and force figure prominently among these taults; but ifthe Chinaman does his duty, which is not particularly severe, the masters are generally gifted with enough common sense not to injure their own property. DEATH OF A DISTINGUISHED OFFICER. The Republic has met with a severe loss in the feariul death of Colonel Baitasar La Torre, the Pre- fect oi Cuzco. This gallaut gentieman, one of the most accomplished officers in the service of Peru, pairiotically undertook to expedition into the Indian country bordering on the Kiver Madre de Dios, on tae Atlantic slope o1 the Audes, hoping not only to gain a know! ‘of this hitherto un- explored district, hut to instll some notions of civilization among the cannibals, Alter a series of exciting adventures the prospect appeared bright enough and the Indians seemed willing to listen to the words of peace, Suddeniy, however, the un- for.unate bang 3 were lured into an ambuscade and La Torre py fee by thirty-vhree arrows, his secretary and sargeon perishing at his stde, The remainder of the expedition escaped. A profound impressiou has been caused by this sad event, and from the nature of the section it is impossible to visit the Indians with the summary punishment they deserve. REVOLUTIONIST AGITATION AT A DISCOUNT. The attempt made by Commander Bedoya to disturb the public peace at Ayacucho signally faiied, The rebels counted withou. their host; sn- stead of receiving the sympatuy and support of the people they were met on every siae with open re- sistance and repulse. The Pretects of the different adjolning departments hastened with their troops and national guaras to hem in the insurgents; tne division despatened irom Lima cut off retreat to the coast, and at the last advices Bedoya, with his few followers, two-thirds of the original number having deserted the tailing cause, was hastily fall- ing back to the mountains, where he hoped to be enapied to find a reiuge and from whence his men might disperse in satety, INDUSTRIAL INCREASE. AS a proof of the steadily’ increasing prosperity of Peru, the following official stavement may be cited. :—During the first six months of the present year the receipts from the different custom houses amounted to the sum of 4,140,000 sols (a 801 is about ninty-five cents of an American gold doilar), an increase of nearly twenty per cent over the corresponding period oi last year. From the many important establisiments organized by President Baita, such as the National Agricultural Institute, the Chancay Railway, the government printing Oltice, naval factories, &c., a steady though not very large revenue is received, while, at the same time, the benefits derived from these institutions by the public are immense, ‘The people in Iquique, and the saltpetre produc- ing province of Tarapaca, are {manifesting consid- erable discontent as the time approaches for the enforcement of the law establishing a restriction on the exportation of n'trate, | ull reports of which have already been sent to the HEaaLp, The whole secret of this disapprobation lies in the aversion with which Chile views the measure, since up to the present tne Valparaiso merchants have had a monopoly of this vaiuable trafic, and now Peru- vians will be enabled to gain some advantage from their own product:. No serious trouble 1s appre- hended, The revolt in the Province of Ayacucho against the existing government has been completely sup- pressed, and peace reigns throughout the entire Republic, The failure to place the entire amount of the late loan On the markets of Europe, and the scarcity of money throughont the Republic, con- tinues to have a most depressing effect on busi- ness of every kind, FINANCE. The latest advices from Europe were that about £10,000,000 of the loan had been taken at sixty per cent, but this sum is too small to have apy power in reifeving the present monetary pressure. EXPORT DUTIES. Without being violent, the resistance of the Province of Tarapaca to the proposed estanco or monopoly of the exportation of nitrate of soda has preted to be so influential that the government a8 determined to reconsider the matter, and, it rrentiy V' isc reported, proposes to observe a mas- terly inactivity until the next session of Congress, in July, 1874. Recently two commissioners were despatched to lquiqne, the centre of the saltpetre producing section, to inaugurate the estanco, which, in virtue of the provisions of the law, should go into effect from the 1st of September next. ‘The gentlemen were received with such unequivocal marks of hostility that one o! them returned immediately to Lima and laid before the President the facts of the case, that it was hazard. ous to carry ont the plan. It is more than probable that the jaw will be allowed to remain as @ dead ictter. Republican Protection of Citizens of the c mn Colony. Lima, August 26, 1873, In accordance with a request made by the Cuban Commissioner tn Lima, Seflor Marquez, the Peru- vian government has authorized its Consuls and Ministers abroad to proceed towards the citizens 01 Cuba who may seek their protection as if they were citizens of Peru; to grant them passports; to legalize wills and other documents having relation with the ae ot the struggling. patriots, and to do all that may be possible towar: the d tressed citizens of the “Gemor the Antilles.” This decree is mad blic in the semi-oMcial journal Of Peru--Bt Conlercto—and has met with the appro- i ng er la Patria of Lima goes so far as to counsel the government to supply the Cubana with 20,000 rifles and 2,000,000 rounds of ammuni tion. These might well be taken from the abun- dant stores of Peru. ‘This idea bas been hated with satisfaction, js aiding the dis- | CHILE, Stringeney im the Moncey Market of Chile and Peru—Commercial Failures The Rallways—Industrial Exhibition Rules—Revolution Suppressed. * Panama, Sept. 6, 1873, Dates from Valparaiso to the 234 of August, six days later than the regular mail, have been re ceived here, Chile, like Peru, is suffering from a great strin- gency in the money market. Some failures are reported and others are expected. ‘The country ia in @ prosperous condition and the monetary tcoubies are only of @ temporary natare, RAILROADS, Two important bills have been passed by Con- gress; one empowering the government to ex- pend $2,700,000 in the purchase of new rolling stock for the Southern Railway, and the other au- thorizing the government to purchase the stock held by private individuals in the same une, Work on the Mejillones Railway has been inde- finitely suspended, cusTOMs, A commission consisting of the following gentle- men has been appointed to revise the Custom House tariff:—fhe chief valuer of tne Custom House, Don Manuel J. Tornero, -valuer; Don Luts de Ferart, valuer; Messrs. Victor Bonnemaia, Diego L. Benne: eadiGececehe Beh antone Calvarez, Trifon Salas THE INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITION. 1875, will be admitted iree of duty. 8 EnIHOR: OF SEVERE STORMS, The southern provinces have been visited by severe storms of wind and rain, causing consider- able damage afloat and asnore, and somo, loss of fe. it MINING, Advices from Copiapo gay that emigration to La Florida continues as strong asever. Rumors of new discoveries arrive almost cali Don José Victorino Lastarria arrived on the 10th inst., and confirms the poper, of the extent and richness of the discovery of silver at that place. A new find, near the Puquios, and a discovery of gold in the Sierra Peubla Hundido, are reported. The speci- mens brought by the discoverers are very rich. RAILWAY SPECULATION. The Valparaiso Mercurio, of 15th August, says a petition has been presented to Congress by Messrs, Clark & Co., wherein they state that the railway which is to extend from Buenos Ayres to the Andes, within the limits of the Province of Acon- cagua, by way of San Juan and Mendoza, will cyst $20,000,000; that, on the hne most advantageous lor crossing the Cordillera, there are only dwo practicable routes—those of Uspallata ‘and Los atos; that the first of these requires the opening of @ tunnel 5,000 and the second one 3,000 metres in length, and also the laying of a roof over the road @3 @ protection against snow falls; that they desire to substitute the guarantee by a yearly grant of $150,000, im six per cent bonds of the public debt, and one per cent sinking tund, binding themsetves to pay the above sums whenever the net profits of the Seer shall exceed six per cent interest on the capt invested in the extension of the line. The grant would be paid at the end of each year, after exami- nation of the yearly balance of the company, allow- ing the contractors their proper share; and if dur- ing the te. m of the privilege it should turn out that in one or more years the proceeds exceed seven fate cent interest on the cost of the railway calcu- lated for the effects of the law, such increase shall be appliea to the reimbursement of the amount previously paid by government on account of the grant. Government may intervene in xing the tariff of prices whenever the net proceeds shall ex- ceed the twelve per cent to which it refers. COLOMBIA. Citizen Alarm in the Parzama Isthmus— Fear of a Sudden Outbreak of Revolue tion—Pleasing Assurance to Foreign Creditors—A Cry for a Cable. PANAMA, Sept, 6, 1873, No change has taken place in political matters since the 2d inst. The same state of uneasiness, disquietude and want of confidence in the author- ities continues. No further demonstrations ofa violent nature have occurred since the shooting of Colonel Uscattegui and Sefior Bermudez on the 28th ult., but almost nightly the peace of the commu- nity is disturbed by reports of an uprising or an intended attack from the negroes outside of the city, all of whom are opposed to the existing gov- ernment. A general impression prevails that the present condition of affairs cannot last much longer, and that a change in the government will only be a matter o1 a few weeks. AGITATION IN THE INTERIOR, From the interior of the Kepublic advices have been received to the 17th inst. Tolima has been invaded by an armed force fram the State of Cun- dinamarea, with the object of controlling the vote of the State in the late elections, The invaders were not successiul. THE FOREIGN DEBT. The Secretary of the ‘Treasury at Bogota has ad- dressed a letter to the Ministers of Colombia resi- dent in France and England, showing that the amounts due the foreign creditors to the 3ist of July iast, according to the agreement entered into in January ol this year, have been promptly paid, and promising that the monthly instalments com- ing uue would be met with like punctuality. CABLE TELEGRAPHY. Some mysterious influence seems to control the Jamaica and Aspinwali cable. It 1s now over @ week since it was announced that the ends of the broken cable had been recovered in midocean and buoyed, and that through communication might be daily expected. Tuere the information ended, and nothing ‘urther has since been received. Such has been the history of the Jamaica and Aspinwall cable since the tirst attempt to Lea it im October, 1870, it has been recovered several times, bat only once put in practical working order, aud taen for but a few days. THE SAN FRANCISCO CADETS. An Exhibition Drill Before the Civie Authoritles—Departure for Boston. Captain McDonald and twenty-one of his cadeta— Company H, Second Caliiornia infantry—yesterday astonished the Mayor, Aldermen and the public by an exhibition drill on City Hall square, which. lasted about one hour. The Cadets were escorted. by Company K and the drum corps of the Sixty- ninth regiment tothe City Hall and thence to the Fall River line, from which they departed for Boston, The drill through which they were yesterday put is based upon the English rifle practice, but a great many movements are introduced not found in any tactics. The move- ments in columns of fours and twos were done rapidly and with great precision; and their execu- tion of the orders of “ground arms,’ “present arms,” and “order arms,’ was simply superb—evi- dence of the periection to which men can be brought tn the handling of muskets. The same precision and dexterity of movement was shown in the loading and firing, lying down, standing and kneeling, and lying on the back, and great applause greeted them. Neurly all of the movements were execute’ at the tapofthe druin, and without am order from the captain, The wheelings were es- pecially deserving 01 commendation, and more varticularly was that on the centre, or fixed and movable pivots. The vayonet skirmish drill, too, elicited loud Cedi as well as the firing and bayonet skirmish in defending the colors. The movements from column into line and again into column were mainly well executed, but they Were so rapid that one or two laggards spoiled the effect. The veh were equal to anything ever seen in this city. The blind/old drilb ‘was not executed, on account of the heat. Captain McDonald, at the “onclasion of the exhibition, was warmly complimeated by the Mayor, and Alder. man Van Schaick invited him to retarn with his men inthe fall and vote the Apollo Hall ticket. ‘The Cadets leit about five o'clock for Boston, where will be received by the Montgomery Guards ‘they viewed by the city authorities. A STARTLING RUMOR Four Aldermen Reported as Bein “Wanted”=—The Police Justices’ Dea lock. Shortly after the adjournment of the Board of Aldermen yesterday afternoon it was hinted about that the Grand Jury of the Oyer and Terminer had indicted four of the Aldermen. The intelligence came in the shape of a rumor, and it was alleged that true bills were to be brought against the four for no less @ crime than that of having been bribed to “puck” against the Mayor's néminations for Police Justices, It is alleved (hatsome time ago a certain party having confidential relattons with one of the city officials had a quarrel witn his patroa about certatp moneys the Jormer had obtained, alleging, at the time he obtained it, that the moneys were “wanted” by the oftictal atoresaid. Itis alleged that the result of the quarrel was a breaking o@ ol the confidential relations between tho two and the appearance of the party of the first part before the Grand Jury, to Whom he unbosomed himself of all his confidential transactions with the oficial, The revelatiot he is said to have made are alleged tu be thes: ‘That all the Poltcé Justices had made a combina. tiona mong themselve by which a certadn sum of money was raised, and that this sum ora good part of it has been made the incentive of opposi+ tion to the Mayor's Police Justice notuinations with four members of Board of Aldermen, aud it is these four, it 18 alleged, Who haye been indicted jor bribery.