The New York Herald Newspaper, October 24, 1860, Page 5

NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 24 1860.—TRIPLE SHEET. oe cy im the North it can former iples aud pandering to anti-slavery geptiment which pervades that the coustry. Within ten years the progroes ‘timent bas been onward and onward, until, from rivulet, it bas become @ resistices torrent, which grecet relation of parties, it is we has achieved victory after victory, until it how hold ‘wadisputed supremacy in almost every Northern State. In 1850 there Senate of the United are now twenty-four republican Senators. Maine, New Hempshire, Connecticut, New York, Penusyl vania, New Jersey, Iowa, Michigan Tinoie, which were represented by demosrats, in whole or in Wenator, as his term has expired, has been way to @ republican. In the House of Representa. every district of New England and every district of several of the Western, and large majorities of other of the non-slaveholdiog States, formerly democratic, are Bow represented by republicans. Scarcely « Northern ‘State (but two or three at most) has at this time either a domocratic Governor or Legislature. Not only that, bat probably the munisipal councils of four fifths of the cities ‘and towns in the North are in the bauds of the repubil- cans. ‘These are facts of fearful inrport when it is remember- ed that the repubiioan is wholly a Northern party, with principles in direct an! (ism to Southern domestic in social life, to Southern ideas of government, and to Southern construction of the federal eompact, and that it has acquired power golely because it faithfully represents the opinions, the feelings agd the desires of the Fain pee Party eats ‘etolore nage we of prominent and leading statesmen ‘Well as political questions, of the haif educated, agrarian ‘and fanatical elements of Nortuern society, as well as, yan of a large majority of the cultivated classes. deadly hostility of this party to the South is mani- feated in every conceivable mode, and its object seems to be 40 put that section of the couatry, as far as it is - ble, under the ban not only of the public opinion of this eountry, but of the civilized world. It makes use of not only the ordinary of tical warfare, but it peed into its service all the complex agencies of social ‘ite, and Ce orrag ape ite ends, partly by the desecration of the pulpit, by al of the school and the lectare room, by perversion of the genial influences of lite- rature, but chiefly by t misrepresentations of the ren, religious and literary,as well as political. The John wn invasion was the legitimate result of such teach- mgs; and although but Ball ape were directly connect- ed with it, yet the sdmiration of she Northera masses, mt least outside of the democratic , for the cha- racter of that d » end for bis mani itive Slave law, and it has become next to impos- ‘the North for a slaveholder to’ ure the pro- y guaranteed to bim by the constitution and the plain | doc not of Congress passed in fulfilment of requ: irements. Not only is this species of hostility exhibited by the le, wh it has found expression inthe legislative will, ‘he enactment, in at least nice of the Northern States, Personal Liberty bills, #0 called, inflicting fines and ‘mprisonment on the claimant or bis agent, and in some of these States c¢isfranchising whatever, whetber commissioner, bailiff or counsel, in any manner connected with the return of a fugitive to his owner. In Whe executive branch of the State governments the same hostility is shown by the refusal of Goveroors to surren- der fugitives from the justice of the Southera States, if the crime 1s alleged to have been committed against the fmstitution of slavery. Two cases of this kind have oo curred within @ recent period, one in lowa and the other fm Ohio, ip which the Governors of those States, on grounds manifestly frivolous and dishonest, refused to give up, on the requisition of the Governor of Virginia, per- ‘Bons charged on adequate proof of being present, and of Biding participating in tbe abolition invasion of Har- ‘s Ferry. Hostility to the South bas even invaded the ‘cial branch of Siste governments, where we would least have ito have found its influence. dciayiog tbe Court of appenis in the Target sate ‘t iy it, Appeais in State in Fas again be ty coer gy 9 to against the right of a slaveholder with his property even to touch in transitu, from one slaveholding State to ano- ther, at a pert in a non-tlaveholdiog State. There are Bumerous tpstances of similar hostile decisions, against ‘the property rights of the South, cited in one of the mu- terly series of *‘Pytbon”’ articles pubdlisbed in this Review. Bk would be ur just not to mention that the democratic perty has opposed all these things, and al:hough in iteelf iss etrovg party, it 1s relatively weak ia most of the — States, and bas only the useless power to make & feeble The ultimate designs of the republican party, its present policy is to affect conserva- tiem, are as ‘plain af if writtea upon the arch of the eky.” Its immediate purpose, in con- Jecctioa with the squatter sovereignty democracy, 1s to Pelze upon all the Territories of the United Staves, and tn due time, to bring them into the Union as free States. fet hag either been accomplished already or is to the sure process of accomplishment. It scarcely neets ‘an argument to show that the North has greater ability of colonization than the South. The fact is patent, ‘rom her larger existing popalation; from the constant acces- ston vo this popuiation by foreign emigration; from the reater ease with which Northern property can be con- ted into cash, preparatory to removal into the Terr|- tories; from the more migratory habits of her people: from superior enterprise, for it is foily to deny tt; from better organized appliances, such as incoporated aid com- panies, for assisting emigration; but chiefly becaure of the reluctance of jthern men to take slave property where it will be exposed to the contingency of confisca- ‘The operation of all these causes combived, wiil frevitably give to the North in a few brief years the control of each and ali of the Territories of the Union, present and prospective. The South will then be exposed to the deadly crossire of tonal ‘the ope hand, and of Territorial or squat. wer sovereignty on the other, and the [erritories will march, one after another, in solemn prosession, and be admitted as free States into the Uaion. When all this bas ‘been {wily accomplished, or even before, the next great mrasure of the republican or Northern party, for the correct sense—different names 1 be to abolish slavery, firat, in the District of Columbia, where has the color of jarweciction, and then in the navy yards, forts, fersenals of the United States, wherever situated. will be followed by & bition to transport siaves by pea under the federal from one port in a siavebolding State to another. This will reealt a @ corollary from doctrive which mbar J a np a ‘ty can only LA aut iy, any Prettive iaw, and ie ne eutaied 10 outaide of limits of the State in which the domicil of the owner of thw property may be. After this has been done, the ‘BOXt step ill ben nye ented the constiiation ves ant This § as surely.take place Tt may bi 2 puab them on to the accomplishment of all their purposes, ‘The Southern States in the meantime will have become demoralized and would no more dissolve the Union for Any one of the tuccessive acts we have mentioned than for the Harper's Ferry invasion oF the election of a repab- can speaker, which, several years ago, would bave driveo them into revolution, it i# idle to deny that the @emocratic party in the North has become deeply tainted with the prevailing antialavery sentiment, and ft bas begun already to make ite peace % b me by concessions w thet sentiment. bas v cemsarily produced estraogement between ths two ings of the party whieh beretotore bas preseated bat « gio front. As citizens of the North, reared under acd bj-cted to the unfrieadly intuences which surround tbew ; accustomed to bear daily denunciations of Socthern Ihe. Southern Manners, and Southern institutions, and at the same time to be (latiered by Inucations of their own Section, an¢ arrertious of ite tmmearurabie superiority tn fi] tbinge eseential to the prosperity of & people, it is but natural that the members of thie party, ja common with the republicense, shoud desire Nortbern supremary aod the predomioance of Northern ideas in the governmeat. Wich all theee (afloences against the South, it is too aio for argument, that it san imporative mecessity of be condition that be murt have the power of self-pro- romeat, in Wetion in rome one brauch of the general ¢ > order to arrest hottie action agaiast her r her honor It i# not adsolute id ponsese any powor, eXorpt the Gegative tion, Tht she has always bed io the | He, OME FOO Wi before But we have already shown that th ‘8 controtiing majority jn the Bectoral © ilege, in both Dravches of Congrers, and if about to odtate it ia the Su etme Court, or, tn other wor ts, ia the exeoative, the legi#. Ive and the judicial departments of tue government; sad ‘we have also sho nat there if no hope of res wring there are no foreign acquisitions of Territories likery to be | made which wil benetlt her in the alightest degree. ‘With, then, the federal ment against her, in each | of \\8 departments with the State government of asariy every Northern gaint we ‘a ech 8 he pe press (religious lecture room, ‘sauoet Konan aad ibe ierstaas ‘of the North, pot only hostile pot all these, the feelings of the uniets this cond|tion of thi nothing #ill be left to the with rafety, with due regard to the interes's of the future generations who C2 have their homes upon ber soll, but to dissolve the Coion tbere States, and to ereet for berself upoe puis were homogeatous in Character, ruil There are two modes by which the necessity for d ‘enioa might be avowed —one of which te b: of the constitation and the adoption of vy © & dual exeoutive—giving one North and dom-stic inetitations of is iE otber to the Soath, with the abeolate tpn sll questions aff tbe tor Staten ‘Jue tere of «double proctionble ag it may 1° Roman consuls and the the incorporation of this “ the wise and good men Dest deserving of all toa) ed, in the language {Lord Bacon, applied to another subject, temporis par- tus mazimus. It is more than mere folly, it is positive , it 18 almost idiotoy, to expect that the North now consent to apy such !imitations u, been anticipated b, twat tion, and certainly would pever agree w multiply them, or to give the South any benefits which are not already nominaged in the ry ee. of the bond. It ie possible that Northern sentiment may undergo a radical chapge on the subject of slavery. However im- probable this may seem, examples in the history of every people of simi\ar revolutions of opinion are not uncommon. Individuals often change their most matured opinions; and why may not entire nations, which are but the ag ee | of individuals? It is s familiar fact that New gland was once strongly opposed to &@ protective tariff, and partly from motives of interest, and partly— it would be ili to deny—from honest conviction, without reference to interests, the people of those States at this time as strongly oppose the policy of free trade. So, too, until within a com; ively recent riod, there were but few persons at the South who de- fended negro bag an 1 ae rene iteelf, inde- Pendent of the le and o! tion; yet, at this time, it would be difficult to find a euibeee em who. ive desbye. toe tion. The most memorable exam change of géneral opinion, recorded in bistory, was, perhaps, the great Catholic Teaction in the sixteenth centuryjagainat when the ancient faith, in a few years, regained all its losses, and bes since maintained its ground in Saxony, Bohemia, Hupgsry, Austria, Belgium, Poland and in pee Eo hice ge a cae ly ae Sane at men made no Impression upon the North than'that juced in the countries mentioned, by the great religious feud which grew out of the Refor: mation, Abolition animosity in the one is not now more 2 med than hostility to the Romish faith was in the other. oniem between Nortbern aad Southern political is is pot at this day more sharply defined than the odéum icum between the rival sections of that period. If differences so fundamental were reconciled then, !t may not pe oe mach & haps iphomme pare nent adjustment of our sectional difficalties may now or hereafter be made. But supposing (and it is unspeakably painful to make such ® supposition) thatno change in the purposes or policy of the North shall take place, and that the South shall be driven to the last resort, we will now proceed to consider, as @ necessary but unpleasant part of our sub- ~ some of the leading objections to a dissolution of the pion, 1. The first objection made is, that the secession of the Southern States would inevitably produce civil war. We do not think that this would neceasarily be the case, if ail the Southern or slaveholding States should secede in a body. It is notat all \ikely, in view of yhe manifest and flagrant injuatice of such an act, a well ag ita probabic lure of success, that the North would attempt to co- erce fifteen sovereign States to remain in the Union from which they had deliberately withdrawn, because, in their opinion, it had failed to administer equal and exact Justice, because it had failed to ‘‘insure domestic tran- quility,” apd because it had failed to “provide for their defence and to promote their welfare.’’ If, ver, secession should produce war, war is not the only, nor is it the greatert evil to which 8 people can be subjected. War is preferable to dishonor; it is preferable to tame submission t injustice for which there is no peace- fal remedy; {it '# even le to @ per. petus renee of insecurity. Besides, ail na ions bave had civil wars, and we have no right to ex- lot. The Greeks, the France, Italy, Germany and Spain ot Our own Revolution was but ® successful civil war. seems to be, in the order of Divine Providence, that liber- ty can only be won aod maintained at the costly sacrifice of buman life. No great political principle has ever been achieved except by the baptism of blood. Each suc- cessive fee 3 in the enfranchisemest of the Roman plebs was gained from their own countrymen at the poiut of the spear and the edge of the sword. They conquered, one by one, by threats, by secessions aud by force of arms, their right to be elected to each of the digni- ties of the commonwealth, and, at last, the right of inter- pat ye into the patrician order. ~ too, by the hard- foug! t battles of the Jocial war the Itatian confoderate States gained admission to the priv! of Roman citi- zevsbip. a Charta was with the armed from & reluctant king, at band, by rel Rights, Habeas Corpus, Re- ious barons, Runnymede. The Petition of ligious Liberty, Liberty of the Preat, and the great prin- aipies embodied in the Declaration of’ Rights and the Act of Settlement, were the direct fruits of the great rebellion and the English revolution of 1688 Civil ware, although anquestionably evils, are cot therefore unmixed evils. They are sometimes agencies In the hands of Pro. ‘Vidence for the accomplishment of important ends, and while we deplore their oocurrence, we must often accept them se the sppointed menne of deliverance from wrougs, from tyranny and from injustice. 2. The next objection to recession is that, in case of the South would be subjugated. The Northern peo- re of the same race, bave equal courage, and per- more persistence than the Southern, Besides this they are much stronger in numbers, have on hand larger euppiies of munitions of war and of improved patterns of drearms, and better and more numerous esta- biisbmenis for their manufacture. In such a contest, the North would also bave the sympathy of the world toa greater extent than the South, for the latter would be re- garded as engaged in a war to uphold the institution of begro slavery, which in the present condition of tae Euro- pean mind, upfortunately, would cast odiam upon ber cause. These are {mportant advaniages cer. tainly, and we have made the strongest state- meut ‘of them. On the other must Abe North, and not the reverse. The Souvb will be in the midst of ber resources, and tbe North distant from bers. The former would have more at stake, and consequently would fight with a more determiaed «; it, South by for it would be ® war for ber altars and her @: History teems with examples of gmalier armies couquer- ing larger ouc#, and ingtances are more numerous atiil of smaller nations succeesfully resistirg more populous ones. The victories at Trevis, at Thrasymenus, and Canoe, were won by Hannibal over disciplined forces greatly superior in numbers to his own. Teutones and the Cumbri, rude Germanic triber, for thirteen years defied all the power of Rome, and siaughtered in succession the well appointed armics’ sent to subdue them The great vietory of Arminius, a barbarian chief, over the consular legions of Quinetiliias Varus, in the reign of Augustus, The weak and feeble, threw off the authority of Great Britela, and by force of arms achieved an independent nationall- ty. ith these, and countless other examples befure her, we think that the South has but litte to fear from any invasion from the North for her subjugation. be ny agg nT ge ston oD wand me 5 we ms: , Without disparagement, that thern ares mare we military —_ than the Northern. From their mode'of life, and the habits of Southern society, they are more sk iiful in the use of arms, aud our history Bhows that they have more aptitude acd genlas Every Southerner, from boyhood, is accustomed run and the sadsie. a. P-4 " and reared ve never discharge! « pistol nor thf “tack pon American arms, the war of the Revolution, he war of 1812, and the n of a rebellion of horses or the oxen they drive. in cage they should become infected with the spirit subordination. {t would be impossible, even under But of the ord wary plantation patrol, for them to establish com- | Muaication® with caca other, and they coald not, there- fore, combine in any general movement of joeurrection Beriwes, ubey have 50 leaders capable of organizing aad copdueting Au epterprive of thia Kind: they Dave vo sup . plies of arme, or if they oould get them they powsess no aki l ju their vee. If they arore in squads, they could be easily conquered in aetal) befure a Junction of their forces could be effected. But, tp fact, they are loyal ip their pa turer, and if thoy took up arwe at all they would be much more’ diepoeed to fight in defence of their owners than against them. Io the Revolutionary war, and in the war of 1912, tBey cid not join the Hritish. although tavited to do #0, with the promise of hiberty. Neither aid they join Jeb Brown, although be came for the sole purpose of re- jeowipg them from their boo dage. Bot su the North to he suocessful in the war, the Southern States ould only be held in subj qoered provinces, by permavent They corid not be eompelied to sead members Ww Con- gree, tor to take Any part in the administration of the fecersi goverment The attempt to do #o, of iteelf, woud dertroy the very patore of the government, and seces- ou, Whether succesefol of pot, would break up the Union aa it exiate uncer the constitution 9 Divieion of the federal property. If the separation of the ectire Sunth from the Vorth be made peacofu ly, it i# ;robable there woud be something like am equitable Gtv iejon of the public property, basea on relative popula- », bot if the separation should be hostile, or if only # few States phould secede, then the division of property the principle of uti posidetis, all the als, pavy yardm, government depots, We. , to- her thr ir equipments, on Southern soil, and the ships of-war in Soutbers ports or commanded by South- ‘ern men, would fall to the share of the pew a There wonld make but @ ‘“begearly sccount,”’ it is true, bet they would form & bucleus for a ne’ navel establishment MG. 405 to get any #bare of t Y 4 Inreourity of save property after seoersion. he not to be soppored that there would be perpetual war be- eeu the rival patios or con'ederacies. It would come an epd at some time or otber, and thea there would be treaties, and, pornibiy, treaties providing for the sarren- der of fogitiver both from justice and from service After the establienment of peace, a revival of communication md trade would take place, a# a matter of courses, and, probably, there would be 90 in either mation fo atiempt to infringe upon the rights of theothor, A Very ext ofive commerce exists at this time, and has long existed, between ovr Northern and the empire of ‘ezil. end the mort amicable relations are maintained, Dotwithstanding the prevalence of slavery in the latter. ‘With the memeipiing island of Ouba, at our very door, the relations of the United § ates are ‘still more intimate and communications more ‘equeut; jet we hear of no abductions of slaves from ei:her of by the pious thropisis of the North. We hear . no Lemp phos omy po transi ie pn rreptitiously carry: species of property. reason of this is manifest. It is Deceuse'we are all by Bature more disposed to intermeddie with the affairs of our own kipamen than with those of stravgers. Besides, the North bag now the pretext of foeliug resvoa sible, a8 @ member of a common government, for what it is pieone tocall the sin of slaverv, Much of the hos- tillty to slavery also results from the question being mixed up with the le for sectional preponderance. Remove the competition for the ooloujzation of the ferri- foriee, and the formation of new States, free and siave- holding. and you will then, in part at least, separate slavery from polition, \ts most deadly foe. Ia case of dissolution, all these prime moving causes of abolition faoaticiam ‘will cease to operate. If the neparation bo partial—that is to say, if a few States ovly secede—then those of the present Southern States which will remain in the Union will form a barrier to the access of abolition 1G, aD the whole South secede, then the withdrawal of slaves from the border counties of the border States, with mili- tary poste at proper pointes, will give ample security ageivst this kind of aggression. 6. Another objection is made—that it would be im- possible to fix os Doundaries, either by previous agreement or yy treaty after war. We think is probable that the and the Missis- sippi rivers would be the boundaries agreed upoa, ‘ther with, perbape, the Susquehanna or the mac, It is asserted that there would bea sone suena war if the different banks, and if the upper waters an‘ the mouths of these great rivers, 80 important to the commerce and defence of the States paren upon them, were held by different Powers This, in our opinion, is more an apparent than a real difficulty. It could easily be settled by a treaty providing for the free navigation of those rivers. It is always safeto take the lamp of experience as a guide. Rhine, the Danube and the ibe do not flow, in their entire course, through the eame country, the posression of the Sources and the mouths of these great bighways by iif- ferent nations dges not produce ioterminable conilicts, nor any conflicts at all. No European wars bave ever taken place on account of the navigation of these streams. Toe Amazon, also, is owned by both Brazil and Peru, yet ‘the harmony between the governmenta of those countries ts not disturbed by this fact. The mouth of the Mis- sissipp! was formerly owned by France and Spain, yet no threatening difficulty between these Powers and the United States ever occurred on that sooount. Tt cannot be denied that it is a convenience for ope nation to possess the whole of a great stream like the Missiseippi, bat it is not prime neoes- sity. ‘tions bave got along in the = anddo now and can in future, get along very amicably together, with- out such exclusive possession. 6. That a dissolution of the Union would prostrate Southern industry. This may beso. The Northern mar- ket for Southern producis would be destroyed, or certain- ly suspended temporarily, and this would produce a stag- Bation of business. The very fact of dissolution, of it- self, would bave that effect in both sections; but we think it rigidly demonstrable that the ultimate result of disunion would be to give increased activity and impetus to every branch of Southern industry In the Union, by far the largest portion (probably tour fifths) of all ‘the foreign goods consumed at the south is imported into New York aod other Northern ports, and, paying the customs’ duty there, is fag, ire and received into the Southern States free of duty. oase of separation these goods must be brought directly to Southern ports, snd there pay the import duty. As a matter of course, in accordance with the laws of all commercial nations. sbips owned in the Northern confederacy, it that be the form of goverament adopted, would not be allowed to bring English, French or German ucts, Or apy other products except their own intoSouthern ports, The consumption of foreign importations in the South for 1859 is estimated at $106,000.000. If to this be added $240,000,000 for the consumption of Northern manufactures and the produce of the free States of the West, the amount thus increased will reach nearly $350,000,000 (See Ketteil’s Southern Wealth and Northern Protita, p. 74.) Direct importation w this extent, of itself, while furnishing most ample re- venues, at @ low tariif, to the new government, would Produce ® most sensible effect in buliding up Southern Cities and diffusing a beneficent activity into all branches of trade. Manufactories would then grow up, commerce would extend, mechanical arts would flourish, and, in short, every ‘industrial and every professional pursuit would receive a vivifying impulse. A large portion of the commercial capital of the North ts owned by foreign. ers, who, in case of @ separation, would immediately transfer much of this capital to the South, and this could be done almost without interruption to their ordi- course cf business. Northern shi in large numbers, would remove with their property to the South, and a commercial marine of imposing mag. Bitude would thus be created in a few years Eng. Jand, our natural ally, would then become more friendly still, ano, from motives of pounds, shil- lings and pence, {f no other, would abate much in ber boetility to slavery. Advantageous treaties could be negotiated with ber, in consideration of the benefits she would derive from the almest exclusive possession of our foreign trade for some years at least. Experience has demonstrated that direct trade to Southern ports cannot ‘De estadiisned to any considerable extent ip the Union. It can only be accomplished by the stress of necessity Which separation would create. From direct trade would flow the countiess material bicesings but partially indica. above. 7. It hes beew said that the Seuth has not the ability to maintain @ separate government. Tais objection is frivo- Jo most silly, avd it is parily answered by what bas already been said. The total population of the South- ern States is twelve millions at least, including four mil- lions of siaves, or four times the popuiation of all the colo- nies togetber a} tue time of the Revolution. If only South Carolios, Georgia, Alabama, anc Mississippi ebould withdraw and form a new confederacy, it wou'd covtain & population of above three ‘millions, inclative of pearly a million and a half of slaves. This, Of iteelf, would constitute nation, respectable in poist of numbers, ample in exteot of territory, and wboadant in reeources for foreign commerce and domestic trade. If t0 sbese States be added Florida, Louisiana, Arkansas and Texas, the limits would be extended to those of an empire, with corresponding increase of material ro- sources apd physical meane of defence. It is not at a'l probable, in our opinion, that the entire South will ever withdraw from the Union st one time for apy eriewsnce which it is likely will be jafiicted by the North. The events of the last few years have made it mantfeet that certain of the elaveholding States cannot be relied upon for concert of action with their more Southern sisters in matters equally affecting their oom- imvorests and honor. The refusal of Virginia tates to meet, on the invitation of Sonth Caro!ina, in a Southern conference, and the proceedings of the Charleston Convention, furnish, amoug others, de- cisive manifestations of this tact. cotton States, then, will be forced to rely upon themeelves, and to take the initiative, if unhappily it should be necessary, in any movement looking to dissolution. If the indi. cated by themselves should arise, such as the election of & republican President, or on the happening of some cAber Cont iwgency in the category of unbearabie ilis, they might, by ection of their respective Legislatures, with- Craw their Senators and ves from Congress, meet in convention, institate a provisional government, and subsequently, after further action by the people, form & new confederacy, which, in all essential features, might be modelled upon ‘the present constitution of the United ‘States, making more ample provisions for the protection Of aisve property, and maki! experience bas Kemsenstrened to be te practical wort Re yous by ,all of the tous ap eottre separation NEWS FROM BUENOS AYRES. ‘Tremendous Gale—Two Vesecls Sunk and Nineteen Driven Ashore—The Custom House Flooded—Gas Works Destroyed and the City in Darkmess—Houses Washed Away—Great Destraction of Property—Casaaities, &c., &e. On the 20th and 90th Augusta heavy gale was oxpe- rienced at Buenos Ayres, doing @ great deal of damage, both among the shipping and on ebore, Capt. | angston, Of the clipper ship M arrived yesterday morning, fornishes us with the following full particulars: — ‘The British barks Crarader and Reciprocity wore tn oontact, and sank each other in the outer roads. The cap- tain and mate of the Crusader were drowned, and part of the crew of ench vessel, eleven in number, lost. ‘The British barks Margaret & Jane, Roxana Oallo- | den and British brig Jane Huts, all drove ashore. One of them struck on a wreck in the outer roads and lost her the north side of the Almada were some of them oon and others gutted—the frouts and |. The low buildings sooth of the House also sullered very much. The whole of the be deserted, the families being ‘ewise been done at Barracas, as if if i years. the wind during this gale was well to tho eastward, which threw a very heavy seaon the city, and which was the cause of the damage ‘The Tribuna of the Ist September saye:—It 1s impos- Bible to state at present the extent of the loss. The shore 48 covered with the fragments of wrecks, and of houses blown down, the gas houses destroyed, the railway to fan Fernando impassable, warehouses tlooded—in short, really great phe is the nt storm.” ‘The storm occurred on the day of @ festival of Sante Rosa of Lima, The loss of the gas is specially deplored, ‘as !t will be several days, perhaps weeks, before the gas ‘works can be repaired ‘The performances a} the theatres were suspended on the days of the gale, OUR BUENOS AYRES CORRESPONDENCE, BURNOS AYRES, S. A., Sept. 1, 1860. Antiquated Farming Implements—American Machinery— Liberty of the Press—Railroad Extension—Singular Legislation—The Wool Crop—Storm—Loss of Vessels— Casualties— Destruction of Property—Damage to Ame- rican Vessels, dc , dc. An article from your correspondent here, which showed ‘the progress of this country in the arts and sciences that are purely North American, lately © great offence to tome English residents bere. A ride to the country would satisfy apy one that there is yet much room for such in- nocent imitation. I lately saw a man ploughing with one horse bitched to one handled plough, the horse being ridden by a half grown girl, Further on were four men winnowing wheat by throwing % up against the wind with shovels, while in an adjoining feld was ® man harrowing ground, using @ tree top for a harrow, These and a score of similer things I saw while riding in @ diligence of the style of one hundred years ago, drawn by horses which drew the load by bands of leather tied tightly round their bodies, and having no other harness, not even a bridle, except ‘those which had riders. From North America there har come the modern omnibus to take the place of these lumbering boree killers. There are in this city agricultu ral stores which are selling ploughs, barrows, windmilia and threshing machines in large quantities, As far as I know, no other nation sends such implements here. The Ericason engine prints the leading daily of this city, and another will soon be in a warehouse which bales thou- sands of tons avnually for the United States. This para- graph, if published, wil doubtiess offend our sensitive British brethren here, and there will be another sermon or two from the text, ‘ wooden nut 2? I could fill this letter with proofs that “the world moves.”” ‘upon the sdmission of a 04 tle- egal profession, the oration oastaina A cosani positions:—1. can bequeath all their tons. Bishops possess | 2. In the will (teatament) of the blind, public writer (eecribano) is required, If in these days, in which men Are living and breathing in ail parts of the world, if auch topica are of commanding interest, there must have been a dark period a little r back. ‘There is in this republic not entire liberty of the press. With the policy of thie country, balf the political journals of the United States, in time of Presidential campaigos, - Would have to sbut up shop. La Nueva Generacion, a little antiadministration paper, had been indulging in peedleas and bitter denunciation of the leading officers of the present acmipistration, some of whom are the best men in Soush America. One day this week the govern- ‘ent shut up the office under seal, and gave the editors safe lodgings. In rojected extension of the Railroad del Oeste, the goveroment 8 to take all the farm lands in: tersected by the railroad, dividing all such lands into small lots, and allowing the present owners w retain every other lot, and for the alternate lot they are re- suited *0 acnors the present value for a remuneration. is is certainly a novelty in legisiation. the half of eash man’s land from bim per foroe of law, and gives him the piece it would have if taere ‘was po railroad within one thousand miles. It does not help the matter to say, as does the Minister, that “the inviolable right of the owner is to the value, not to the land.” He also bas ap lable right to dispose of it, king the times and terms to suit himself, only except tpg demande of society for the common safety. The eon- cluding proven ‘the law # certainly @ curiosity in legwlation: **' fore who require a special valuation eball give up the who'e of their lands The last month was included j2 our winter, in whch Ddusinces is oever briek Neither bave we anything to export compared With tbe vast tonuage which montoly leaves this port. Demand for foreign goods has kept up well, and vessels will not do badly that can go home with half 's cargo. Of all goods bronght from the United States we shall want more pext year than we ever did before. The wister has been the moat fivorable known for many years for caitle and sheep. The amouat of wool whl be immense, Dolwitbrtauding the heavy losses from. drought the year before. The wool of this yoar will also be sent off in better order tha® usnal. The United Staves steamer Pulaski has gone up the river to Asuncion § The United States brigs Dolphia and Bainnridge are in tue river here. These briga will shertly give place to vessels better adapted to these waters. ‘The authorities of the city are yet occupied in ascer- taining the damage done by the storm which raged in these regions during the 29th and 3b of y= The Waitbam, of Maine, lost ber Dowsprit and her long boat; the latter, however, bas been recovered The Dawn, ‘w York, was run into, and was damaged, some say, about one iourand Spanisb dollars. No other american verse! received any damage. Versels of other nations suilered reriously—two Brivieh veesela sunk ta the har bor, and two went up high and dry on shore: two of Lubec went ashore, also two Dutch, two Hanoverian and one Buenos Ayrean. One French vessel went to the bot tom, and alro one of Hamburg. Many other vousels hav received damage. Among them arc vessels of all na ions except North America. Those mentioned as lost are tolial and booeices wrecks. The Custom Houre was well filled with water in the lower #tory, and the love of goods in bond is immense, ‘The lower part of the city, ca led the Booa, was all adoat The lows of life has also been large One ‘American put out twice in the midet of the greatest peril and rercued = The Sao Fernando Railroa! lost man at the last moment. to that the city is lighted ouly by moonlight, Prize Fiont in Troy —The Whig says that a disgraceful Prize Oght took place Thureday afternoon, between two individuals named Wheeler apd Jack Brann, The partien made up the match some time sivce, aod on Thursday jed to a epot beyond Albia, where, in the felds, ‘Wey settled their difficulty according to the rales of the prize ring. After two rounds the sister of Brann arrived 0 the ground, clung to ber brother, and tneisted oo hia going home The only seosibie part of his cwduct coa- sisted in following her advice, and go the fight ended. rodder before going ashore. The British bark Beethoven had been in contact with another veeeel, and was totally dismasted ; lott everything | off deek, euch as bawsers, boate, galley aud bulwarks. The Prussian brig Urania and French ship St Fraveais ‘were diemasted f1cm covtact ‘The French brig Alfred drove on shore at Palermo and was got off. Lubec brig Alma drove on shore, also Ham- borg bark Picciola Buence Ayres, brig, 29h of Septem. | ber, ow shore, Hanoverian brig Ernest George ashore | About ove mile north of the gas works and pearly ap to the railroad track. Dutch brig Saip, the same as the Ernest George. Danieh brig Anelte ashore at Palermo. Saroinisn polsere San Antonio, do. Lanish brig on cordia sehore pear St. Isidore. French ship Nil ashore tp. the coast, French snip Senegal, do. ‘The cnly casuaities among the American shipping were —The Dotch brig Solp, after parting ber chains, Grove acrote the bows of the bark Dawn, Injaring het bows and boweprit, but pot seriously. The same brig, in peenine the Voianle (American brig), hooked her best cobain aud parted it. The Volante rode out the pele with the emall bower, aod cecapet onburt. After tbe gale euisided abe ered her anobor. & German f0ude; some of them intended for export up | Ube river, and totally unt for the Buenos Ayres market, coprequently ® total loes to the owners, aa the govern. meut bas depied apy ree -oneihiiity for the joms. The sea washed sway tho north and south walle of the gas work, and inundated the whole of the interior, doing rreet Camoge to the wWork*—tu consequence of which the City # without Light At mig ot int A new fort, which was beilt north of the gaa wee likewise destreyed by the rea, About two miles ibe Sep Fernando Ratiroad track, which wes ready for inging the retle, were completely rubbed out. ‘The staticn bones which was commenced was washed down, and the wrecke of two were janded On the site, All the lower buridings ig the river on ‘FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL. Trespar, Oct. 236 P. M. The following is a brief statement of the exports (exclusive of specie) from New York te foreign ports for the week and since January 1 1888, 1960. 1 For the woek......$1,267,290 107,578 9,072,047 Previourly report'd 60,485 990 62 6291505 78,44 354 Since Jan. 1 31 Thus the list of our exports of produce swells week by week; the total export since January 1 is | now nearly ,000 000 ahead of the same period of last year, and nearly $26,000,000 ahead of the year before. It needs but little reflection to satisfy one’s mind that the revult of this enormous increase in our exports of produce must be # vast increase of | $50,000 of the new loan. It did so; but, being of | iy course ignorant of the probable rate at which it | choice material wealth and prosperity, and that, next year, we shall see a more astounding developement of | commercial activity than was ever witnessed before. The money market continues easy in the ex treme. The current rates for call loans are 6 a 6} per cents for paper, 6 a 7, according to length The discount brokers continue to complain of | the scarcity of paper; that Southern paper which the banks are said to be unable to discount, in oon- sequence of the prospect of Lincoln's election, would be very welcome here if it is worth discounting at | all. bed Foreign exchange continnes extremely dull. The asking rates are, for sterling, 109 a j, and for francs, 5.17} 9 189; but bankers’; bills are done be low these figures. The prodnce and cotton ship- ments are supplying the bankers with exchange at | such low rates that they are enabled to sell their own bills at upprecedentedly low figures. The ex- port of specie appears to have ceased for the sea- son; the Ariel, however, arrived to-day from As- | pinwall with something over $800,000 in specie. The stock market continues to be under the in- finence of @ panic, and the bears have everything their own way. At the morning board this morn- ing New York Central declined 14; Erie, 1; a Jena, 1); Rock Island, 19; Mlinois Central, 2; To- ledo, Hudson River, 24; Harlem, 2); guaran- teed, 3; Michigan Central, 14; Panama, 1; Pacific Mail, j. Between the boards there was a brief rally, but at the second board the market grew heavy again, and prices fell back. No cause is av signed for the decline of the day, unless it be the uneasiness growing out of the pending political contest. ae to ee how any insurrectionary movements ¢ Bonth, such as are foreshadowed in some disunionist organs, could affect the value of Northern railway shares without affecting bank stocks and real estate; but there is no rule in such matters, and at present the temper of the public mind favors the bears. Southern State stocks shared the general movement to-day; Missouris declined j; Virginias, 4, and Tennes- sees, }. At the close to-day the market was irre- gular at the following quotationx——Virginia 6’s, 90 & }; Missouri 6’s, 763 a 77; Canton, 17} a 19; Cum- berland Coal preferred, 11 a 13; Pacific Mail, 92 @ 93; New York Central, 84; a 4; Erie, 354 a 3; Hud- son River, 68 a {; Harlem, 15j a 16; do. preferred, 424 a4; Reading, 444 3; Michigan Central, 634.4 4; Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana, 183 @ 4; do. guaranteed, 42 a {; Panama, 123 a 124; Illi- nois Central, 77{ a 78; Galena and Chicago, 72; a 73; Cleveland and Toledo, 36j a 4; Chicayo and Rock Island, 67} a 68, | The award of the government loan is the subject of general conversation in the street. change—the former of whom affect to believe that clining public confidence in the permanence of the disturbed by the prevalent rumors of secession and civil war, The public at large seem to be some- what puzzled by the award. A reference to Mr. Cobb's previous experience asa borrower may help to solve some of the doubts and uncertainties which appear so embarrassing. In August, 1858, the first half of the loan of 1858 was awarded. It was a $20,000,000 loan, bearing five per cent interest, and redeemable in fifteen years; it was awarded atan average premium of 44 per cent. Money, at the time, was worth in Wall street about 34 per cent per annum; nor was there any prospect of an ad- vance in the market, as trade was generally de- pressed, the importations nominal, the export of* gold small, the bank reserve upprecedentediy large, and railway credit so shattered that borrow- ing for railway building was out of the question. Under these circumstances @ government five per cent loan was a most desirable security, and the large premium obtained surprised no one. Again, in January, 1859, the remaining half of the loan of 1858 was awarded. It went at a premium averag- ing 2j. At the time money was worth in Wall street about 44 per cent, and there was a tendency toward a general recovery in business; but still there was nothing more than a tendency; the imports were atill small, the exports of gold light, and money consuming enterprises extremely few in number. The third experiment of the kind has just taken place. Mr. Cobb awarded yester- day ten millions of the new loan (of 1860), bearing five per cent interest, at an average premium of less than 4 per cent. Money is now worth in Wall street 6 a 7 per cent per annum on call, and though there is no immediate prospect of any vi lent change in the market, the enormously in- creased production of cereals and cotton renders it pretty certain that we shall have a large trade next year, a remarkable developement of enter- prise and industrial activity, and consequently a largely increased demand for money. Hence, to city capitalists, the new loan was not a desirable investment; they can do better by lending money on call in Wall street, and still better by buying first class paper. This class of bidders out of the way, the only customers upon whom the government could rely were retired rich men and families, who might wish to place a portion of their means in 80 safe a security as United States fives. But, in the first place, in this country at all events, the class of people who are satisfied with five per cent is becoming smaller jy, and by fixing the time for the award so soon after its announcement, Mr. Cobb practically ex- | cluded Europeans from the competttion; and, | secondly, the loan of 1 alteration. In stocks there # symptom of movement. A sale of fifty . wi works was made at 625¢. Another small transaction reported, but we did uot bear the particulars, i F 4 $9000 Kentucky 6’8 27000 Tenn 6's, ' Es¥es It is freely / 1200 used by the bears and bulls on the Stock Ex- | 650 the smallness of the premium is an indication of de- | 650 Union, while the bulls aver that the successful | 960 award of a five per cent loan, at a premium, | affords substantial evidence that financiers are not | 2¢0 | 160 100 200 ‘S ay 60 13 586 12236 50 120% 100 123 100 La 13% 100 I 1814 460 3 480 100 Li a0 575 a we ‘ 100 160 v0 78 160 bo 79 50 do. 15 7736 60 1360 Gal & Chio RR.. 78 100 b4 13 400 se 3 200 Erie RE 2% do 12% 400 a B 160 3 rr 100 d ne 360 o BO | $60 Hud River 854 828 36 Bs 8535 FA ax o8 4 ax . » 68 68 & 8% ‘200 eee DIO 44g 85 300 Mich Cen RR.... 63 85. 60 d0......#10 63 Bb 100 a 630 63 soi 100 6354 85. 200 6354 86 SECOND $1000 Virginia 6's... 90 1 babe Pac Mail 88Co 913, 18 460 N Y Central a M4 9000ey & TORR... 87 s xs 0 B45 tig Bade 84 85 Bye 86 BOM 42 43 4436 4536 16 as 1b 160 do.. . 16% 100 Hudeon River RR 6736 60 d0......880 BTR 200 do. . 160 Mich Cen RR. .230 68.3¢ di rr 6 Os seen se 100 Mich SO& NIRR. 17% CITY COMMERCIAL REPORT. Toxspay, Oct, 23-6 P. M. Asnes.—Sales of both sorts were making a nt at ACC. Breapervrrs —Flour—The market, was heavy, and tho turn of the market in favor of purchasers, especially for common and medium grades of State and Western, while extra brands were moderately dealt in and prices un- changed, The receipts were large and the demand leas Active. The sales embraced about 12,000 « 13,000 bbis., closing witt tp the following range of prices — Superfine Btate,....... -+$5 30.06 40 5 70 5 40 1% 125 616 7 00 Choice extra family and bakers’ bran 9 00 Rye flour....... sed 425 Corn meal, Jersey and Brandywine 3 9 —Cavadiaa flour was soarce, with 300 « 400 bois. at unchanged price Southern flour was tn falr demand, With tales of about 1,200 bbis., closing within the above 860, unlike the loan of 1858, and all other United States loans, has only ten | years to run, and is therefore not at all a desirable | security for parties who are in want of a per- | manent investment. There is which must be borne in mind by those who wish to understand how the award yesterday was made at so low a figure. There are certain seasons of the year when | Canadian was made | money is abundant, and certain other seasons when it is searce. and that in average years they are invariable. | Now it eo happens that the two awards of the loan } of 1808 were both made at seasons when there is | sure to be plenty of money in Wall street in search | of employment, while the award of yesterday came | at a time when money is invariably in demand. In | the latter part of January Wall street overflows with money, received in the shape of dividends and coupons—this was the time chosen for the award of | the first half of the loan of Is; in August the banks always touch the highest point of their ex- the award of the second half of that loan; in Octo- ber the banks are always contracting, mo- ney is always wanted by merchants—and this was the time chosen for the award of the first half of the loan of 1560. } another point of Every merchant knows these seasons, | miles of it track, The gas works are seriously injured, | pansion for the year—this was the time chosen for | There is but one other point worth noting in reference to this matter. Some journals, we notice, remark omi- nously that all the bids came from the North and none from the South, evidently intending to create the impression that the South has lost confidence in the Union and in its securities. This is more in- genious than true. & Co., of Washington, who are well known to be the bankers and financial agents of the richest In the first place, Messrs. Riggs | and 2,000 do. Tange of prices. Kyo w ady at oar quotations, With eales of 175 bbls. Corn meal was unchanget, with Bales of 200 2 400 bois. at quotations Whee’ e mar: ket was lees buoyant and active, and with some sight concetsion on tte part of holders the market became more active, with Fales of Aout 175,060 & 150.000 bushels 8t $1 56 for choices white Canaca, with some Southern at P.t; $166 for cholce white Kentucky, $145 a $1 50 for g00d white Obio and Inciana, $159 @ $165 for choice white Michigan, $1 20 @ $1 26 for Chicago spring, $1 26m $1 2654 for Milwaukee club, $123 for amber do, $2 3T jor eboice red Long I#land, apd some prime white do, at Pp. t.; $1.33 forred State, and $136 « $1365, for red Westra. Corn was in fair request, io part for export, ‘With rales of about 90,000 « 100,000 bushels, at 700 for Western mixed, and adoat, and at 6c. @ Tle for round yellow. Ry: eady a salocf 4,000 bushels Barley was casier, with sales | of 32,060 burbels at for State, and at 800. 2 860. for Canada Went, and 80c. 283 for Cavada Fast, Oats were firm and in good demand, with free sales at 38 xo. a 400. Jor both Canad iam and State Coren —The ma war quiet, while prices were Steady aod eales limited. Messrs Scott & Son, in their circular, give the following statement of stocks for to- day —stock of Rio on the 16th October, 1960, was 8,001 bage, rece ved eince, to date, 2622, total, 10,623; sales for consumption estimated at 10.543 Stock of Maracaibo | on the 281 day of October, 1860. 197; Java, mats, 550; go- bags toe verpme nt tage, 750; total and mats, 1.497 stock, of Rio op Ortober 20, at New Orleane, was 14 000 bags, Bal- timore. 600. They remark a# {ollowe-—Tuere has been @ good demand for Rio duriog the past week, and the en- Ure stock of 10 623 bege has been disposed of, as follows | 3 380, per Joseph Grice, at 13 Ke. 2,622, per Clarence, at | Ide ; 4,006, balance per Onkel, by aaction, at 13),c. e | ernge 13 82-100c . aod 525, per Evangelioe, on private terms, The market closes firm, with a good’ de- Mand at our quotations. Corton. —The market was steaty, with pales of about b+ + ge mata on the bass of 11\o. for middling uplands FRenarte were steady, with rather more offering. Liverpool about 76,600 a bulk, and at 12)¢4 , in ship's bags. 6.000 bushels peas at 12),4 , 3,000 & 4,000 vble flour at Ss. St. a Se 45¢4.. and 00 bales of cotton at '.4., with wome cheese at 466, and (360 Lieroes fag peed at 350 , ond 160 tieroes becf at 64 64. To Landon about 45,000 bushels wheat were engaged at 134. 0 13444., in bulk and begs, 1860 bbls. flour at de. Od, apa bales hope at '4, aed to (/asgow 6,000 buahele wheat were engaged, lu ship's bage, at p. &. A vessel ‘was taken op to load with staves at p. t. Frere wat cheaper and with more doing in Malage ‘The sales embraced about 2,000 boxes layers F Ae Lb Th eg Bend of 3,000 9 1,500 ¥ was in sieady requent, with salee . bales, reported for The. « Bho. Hossy.—Sales of men in the South, and who are the treasurers of | rms. the Breckinridge Executive Committee, were by | ana 10 360. far the heaviest bidders for the loan, and obtained | more of it than any other bidder. And, in the | second place, no Southern capitalist of any saga- | city would send his bid direct from his Southern | for him, and would save money by doing so. When the award of January, 1869, was made, the Bank of Washington, North Carolina, thought it would save a brokerage by bidding directly for would sell it, bid 104, while nearly all the Ne York bidders got all they wanted at 102j. South- evn capitalists generally are too shrewd to commit so obvious a blunder. The following was the business of the Sub-Trea- sury to-day: Receipts. <= $918,004 24 bet cua » 118,000 00 Pay mente. 135 702 11 Balance. 4,401,143 06 the Mining Board to-day were: — 11 120 abe Quiney....b3 37 800 Gold BN... b90 50 Rockians Iro ‘The weekly staterhent of the Philadelphia banks, made up yesterday afternoon, presents the follow. ing aggregates, as compared with those of the pre- vious week: Oot. 15. Oct 2 Capital stock... $11.794.000 11,801. 060 Inc. $1,060 Loav + «+ 93,110 383-28 295 610 Ino. 114 807 Bpecie. 4007 980 4.567.496 Ine. 66,465 Dee tm otber » 1,623.3338 = 1 603 28 eo 19,407 Lue to other b’ke. 8124499 3.126487 Inc, 2 298 De posite. voeee 16,786 993 16.861.020 Inc, 15 067 Circulation 8016000 =2438 904 Dec 127,716 The New Orleans Picayune of the 17th (even- ing) ray ‘We bave but little to add to our remarks of yesterday. ‘The market hes again presented a fair degree of notivity, and the improved feeling already noticed Is fully austen ed, There pe Peceping eens Sr ciee eT GG he are still jo the ascendant It la no frost of Sunday and M. laat bas ‘checked tbe fartber developement of the plant, but | stil'a matter of corjectore.” Inthe meauerbiie the eat | mates of the crop are undergoing @ reduction, and the in- . ht winee now repre. | side Gyures thas prevaiied a oan coven be ‘the | home; he would employ a New York house to bid | im meady demand, with raire at $5 0 #6 | Motssens.—Sales of 80 hbds. Cuba were made at Sic, ¢o muscovado at 28c., and 76 do. Porto Rico, NAVAL Brome were steady, with limited sales of spirite and real at old prices Provimons —Pork—The market was firm atd in good demand, with sales of about 800 @ 900 bbie. at $19 304 $19 87 for Dew mene, aod prime at $14 40.0 $14 6255. Beef wan for country mess, = at $11 & $11 50: prime mers was pominal. new st } and fair demand, with sales of 300 bbis at 12iKe. for No. 1, and 180. for prime quality. Out meats and bacon were scarce and firmly held. The market was well plied with butter, ebile the be for Ob!o, and 14e. © 190. for State, and at 20 a 260. for teaty at Be. a 10)s0., with w | & fair amosnt ef pales, including tome love for export, Rick —Sales of 80 comke were made at 4Ko. Sricm Hales of 1,500 bage pepper were Seoant were less buoyant, and rather ve conte with sa) Tonacco —The demand ts nsbateas Prices firm, bot advancing on all grades 20 bhde, Drought Te. a luc , 287 bales Havane 900. a Tbe, — 100 60, Cuba at p. t, 19 canes seed leat a Winexey —The market was uneettied, end the salee braces 200 9 800 bois , at 94c., with some lowe ® lower figure. Movements in KR THE PRADHURET ESTATE. By A J Bleecker, Son & Oo. cor. renkneek [ill road & 144th at. cach 9695 on. “ “ “wa “ “ ” “ won “ det, sooner os, 115 Broadway, about 26 ft # ech giana, about 900 ML w, 8th av. “ “ “ 383 cor ‘= e S3852E3 « aap & poree #8. 140th at , adout 525 Ne, gzzgeeagauis